EP0152499B1 - View simulating device - Google Patents

View simulating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0152499B1
EP0152499B1 EP84101640A EP84101640A EP0152499B1 EP 0152499 B1 EP0152499 B1 EP 0152499B1 EP 84101640 A EP84101640 A EP 84101640A EP 84101640 A EP84101640 A EP 84101640A EP 0152499 B1 EP0152499 B1 EP 0152499B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
target
background
memory
displayed
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Expired
Application number
EP84101640A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0152499A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Hohmann
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Honeywell Regelsysteme GmbH
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Honeywell Regelsysteme GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to DE8484101640T priority Critical patent/DE3475565D1/en
Priority to EP84101640A priority patent/EP0152499B1/en
Publication of EP0152499A1 publication Critical patent/EP0152499A1/en
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Publication of EP0152499B1 publication Critical patent/EP0152499B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
    • F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
    • F41G3/2694—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating a target

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for visual simulation according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the least significant bit must be assigned a value of at most 50 meters. However, this requires approximately 72 distinguishable distance levels to represent a usually required distance range between 400 and approximately 4,000 meters, at least 6 bits of which are required for coding. Since 6 bits are also required for the brightness coding of a good black / white image, there is a total memory depth per pixel of 12 bits. If you limit the number of bits that determine the distance, the freedom to move the target course is also greatly restricted, which has a very disadvantageous effect, in particular if there are several destinations close together.
  • EP-A2-0 031 011 To display alphanumeric characters on a TV monitor, it is known from EP-A2-0 031 011 to use a row address table to address a frame buffer that has a larger storage capacity than the storage capacity of the monitor screen.
  • the start address of the row address table is specified by a reference address, to which the content of a row counter is added, so that an entire screen content can be addressed by consecutive addresses within the row address table.
  • addresses can be formed variably; this does not affect the storage capacity of the image memory.
  • each pixel of the terrain memory except with a coded brightness, i.e. with a gray value, additionally with a coded distance only one address is provided per pixel with which a transformation table is addressed, which in turn has a very fine level, e.g. B. with 16 bits, a distance information specifies. In extreme cases, this address can be specified by only 1 bit; expediently, however, 2 bits are added as the address of each gray value coding of the pixel.
  • Figure 1a shows a section of the digital terrain memory, the image being divided into two areas A and B.
  • the area A can be specified, for example, by a hill, to which a certain finite distance is assigned, while the area B can be specified, for example, by the sky, to which the distance could be assigned infinitely.
  • FIG. 1b shows the silhouette of a target moving in the terrain according to FIG. 1a, the target moving on a predetermined target course, so that its distance and possibly also its contour change continuously.
  • FIG. 1c shows the image composed of the two memory contents taking into account the known priority rule. For all pixels that are occupied by the target according to FIG. 1 b, a check is carried out to determine whether the target distance is less than the off-road distance and, if so, the target point is shown. Otherwise, the terrain image point is shown.
  • CSI Computer Synthesized Imagery
  • DE-C2-3 133 866 digital fast access memory the contents of which are also computer-controlled in an image multi plexer 12 can be merged pixel by pixel in the TV picture clock.
  • CSI Computer Synthesized Imagery
  • the terrain image memory 14 has a word length of 8 bits per pixel. 6 bits are used to encode a gray value of the respective pixel, i. H. its brightness, and the two remaining bits specify four addresses (00, 01, 10, 11) with which individual partial areas of the terrain image are marked. With these addresses a transformation table 18 is addressed, the four words with a length of z. B. contains 16 bits with which the distances of different partial areas of the terrain image are encoded with high precision.
  • the transformation table 18 can be loaded by the computer 10 as a function of the terrain image section to be displayed.
  • the device according to the invention also works when the terrain image memory is expanded by one bit per pixel, with which bit, for example, the situation shown in FIGS. 1a to 1c can be taken into account.
  • the above-mentioned coding of the terrain image points with two additional bits seems expedient.
  • the image multiplexer 12 assembles the brightness values of the individual digital quick access memories pixel by pixel, and in addition the transformation table 18 is addressed via the address of each pixel in the terrain image memory 14 and the distance information, which is precisely coded by the 16 bits of this table, is sent to the image multiplexer fed.
  • This precisely specified distance of the image point is compared with the target distance specified by the computer and, depending on whether the target distance is greater or smaller than the off-road distance, the target image point or the terrain image point is suppressed when the image is composed.
  • the image composed by the image multiplexer 12 is displayed as a composite image on a TV monitor, not shown.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Sichtsimulation nach dem Gattungsbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The present invention relates to a device for visual simulation according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der DE-C2-3 133 866 ist es bekannt, die Bilder eines Geländes, eines Zieles und eines Visieres jeweils in Schnellzugriffsspeicher zu laden. Weitere Speicher können für die Speicherung einer Geschossleuchtspur und von Geschosseinschlageffekten vorgesehen sein. Ein Rechner lädt hierbei koordiniert im Fernseh-Bildtakt die Schnellzugriffsspeicher. Ein von dem Rechner gesteuerter Bildmultiplexer setzt Bildpunkt für Bildpunkt die verschiedenen Speicherinhalte im Fernseh-Bildtakt zusammen. Eine Prioritätssteuerung legt hierbei fest, ob das Ziel vor oder hinter dem Gelände bzw. einem in dem Gelände befindlichen Objekt darzustellen ist. Zu diesem Zweck ist nicht nur das Zielbild mit einer Entfernungsinformation versehen, sondern es muss auch jeder Bildpunkt des Geländespeichers neben einer seine Helligkeit vorgebenden Grauwertcodierung eine Entfernungscodierung aufweisen. Hierdurch steigt der Speicherbedarf für das digitale Geländebild erheblich an. Für eine einigermassen realistische Entfernungsunterscheidung zwischen nahe beieinander im Gelände liegenden Sichthindernissen muss man dem am wenigsten signifikanten Bit einen Wert von höchstens 50 Metern zuordnen. Dadurch benötigt man jedoch zur Darstellung eines üblicherweise benötigten Entfernungsbereiches zwischen 400 und etwa 4.000 Meter ca. 72 unterscheidbare Entfernungsstufen, zu deren Codierung mindestens 6 Bit benötigt werden. Da für die Helligkeitscodierung eines guten Schwarz/ Weiss-Bildes ebenfalls 6 Bit erforderlich sind, ergibtsich eine gesamte Speichertiefe pro Bildpunkt von 12 Bit. Schränkt man die Anzahl der die Entfernung bestimmenden Bits ein, so wird gleichzeitig die Freiheit der Zielkursverlegung stark beschränkt, was sich insbesondere bei mehreren dicht beieinanderliegenden Zielen sehr nachteilig auswirkt.From DE-C2-3 133 866 it is known to load the images of a terrain, a target and a visor into quick access memories. Additional memories can be provided for storing a bullet tracer and bullet impact effects. A computer loads the fast access memories in a coordinated manner in the television picture cycle. An image multiplexer controlled by the computer assembles the various memory contents in the television image clock pixel by pixel. A priority control determines whether the target is to be displayed in front of or behind the site or an object in the site. For this purpose, not only is the target image provided with distance information, but also each image point of the terrain memory must have a distance coding in addition to a gray value coding which specifies its brightness. As a result, the storage requirement for the digital terrain image increases significantly. For a reasonably realistic distance differentiation between visual obstacles close to each other in the terrain, the least significant bit must be assigned a value of at most 50 meters. However, this requires approximately 72 distinguishable distance levels to represent a usually required distance range between 400 and approximately 4,000 meters, at least 6 bits of which are required for coding. Since 6 bits are also required for the brightness coding of a good black / white image, there is a total memory depth per pixel of 12 bits. If you limit the number of bits that determine the distance, the freedom to move the target course is also greatly restricted, which has a very disadvantageous effect, in particular if there are several destinations close together.

Aus der DE-A1-3 035 213 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung und Wiedergabe von Geländebildern für Sichtsimulatoren bekannt, bei der neben einer Grauwertinformation in einem ersten Speicher eine Entfernungsinformation parallel in einem zweiten Speicher gespeichert ist. Auch diese Lösung führt zu einem unverhältnismässig grossen Speicherbedarf, wenn man die Entfernung einigermassen genau codieren will.From DE-A1-3 035 213 a device for obtaining and reproducing terrain images for visual simulators is known, in which, in addition to gray value information, distance information is stored in parallel in a second memory in a first memory. This solution also leads to a disproportionately large amount of memory if you want to code the distance fairly accurately.

Zur Darstellung alphanumerischer Zeichen auf einem TV-Monitor ist es aus der EP-A2-0 031 011 bekannt, einen Bildwiederholspeicher, der eine grössere Speicherkapazität als die Speicherkapazität des Monitor-Bildschirms aufweist, mittels einer Zeilenadresstabelle zu adressieren. Die Anfangsadresse der Zeilenadresstabelle wird durch eine Hinweisadresse vorgegeben, zu der jeweils der Inhalt eines Zeilenzählers hinzuaddiert wird, so dass durch fortlaufende Adressen innerhalb der Zeilenadresstabelle ein gesamter Bildschirminhalt adressierbar ist. Mit einer solchen indirekten Adressierung lassen sich zwar Adressen variabel bilden; die Speicherkapazität des Bildspeichers wird aber hierdurch nicht beeinflusst.To display alphanumeric characters on a TV monitor, it is known from EP-A2-0 031 011 to use a row address table to address a frame buffer that has a larger storage capacity than the storage capacity of the monitor screen. The start address of the row address table is specified by a reference address, to which the content of a row counter is added, so that an entire screen content can be addressed by consecutive addresses within the row address table. With such indirect addressing, addresses can be formed variably; this does not affect the storage capacity of the image memory.

Ausgehend von der eingangs genannten Vorrichtung ist es daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, diese in der Weise zu verbessern, dass deren Speicheraufwand wesentlich verringert und andererseits eine sehr feinstufige Vorgabe der Entfernungszonen gestattet wird. Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe gelingt gemäss den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1. Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dem Unteranspruch entnehmbar.Starting from the device mentioned at the outset, it is therefore the object of the present invention to improve it in such a way that its storage expenditure is significantly reduced and, on the other hand, a very fine-grained specification of the distance zones is permitted. This object is achieved according to the characterizing features of claim 1. An advantageous embodiment of the invention can be found in the subclaim.

Anstatt jeden Bildpunkt des Geländespeichers ausser mit einer codierten Helligkeit, d.h. mit einem Grauwert, zusätzlich noch mit einer codierten Entfernung zu versehen, wird erfindungsgemäss pro Bildpunkt lediglich eine Adresse vorgesehen, mit der eine Transformationstabelle adressiert wird, die ihrerseits sehr feinstufig, z. B. mit 16 Bit, eine Entfernungsinformation vorgibt. Im Extremfall kann diese Adresse durch lediglich 1 Bit vorgegeben sein; zweckmässigerweise werden jedoch 2 Bit als Adresse jeder Grauwertcodierung des Bildpunktes hinzugefügt.Instead of each pixel of the terrain memory except with a coded brightness, i.e. with a gray value, additionally with a coded distance, according to the invention, only one address is provided per pixel with which a transformation table is addressed, which in turn has a very fine level, e.g. B. with 16 bits, a distance information specifies. In extreme cases, this address can be specified by only 1 bit; expediently, however, 2 bits are added as the address of each gray value coding of the pixel.

Anhand eines in den Figuren der beiliegenden Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles sei im folgenden die Erfindung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Figuren 1a bis 1c die Speicherinhalte von Geländespeicher und Zielspeicher sowie deren Kombination unter Beachtung der bekannten Prioritätsregel; und
  • Figur 2 ein Blockschaltbild der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung.
Based on an embodiment shown in the figures of the accompanying drawing, the invention is explained in more detail below. Show it:
  • Figures 1a to 1c, the memory contents of the area memory and target memory and their combination, taking into account the known priority rule; and
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of the inventive device.

Figur 1a zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus dem digitalen Geländespeicher, wobei das Bild in zwei Bereiche A und B unterteilt ist. Der Bereich A kann beispielsweise durch einen Hügel vorgegeben sein, dem eine bestimmte endliche Entfernung zugeordnet ist, während der Bereich B beispielsweise durch den Himmel vorgegeben sein kann, dem die Entfernung unendlich zuzuordnen wäre.Figure 1a shows a section of the digital terrain memory, the image being divided into two areas A and B. The area A can be specified, for example, by a hill, to which a certain finite distance is assigned, while the area B can be specified, for example, by the sky, to which the distance could be assigned infinitely.

Figur 1b zeigt die Silhouette eines sich in dem Gelände gemäss Figur 1a bewegenden Zieles, wobei das Ziel sich auf einem vorgegebenen Zielkurs bewegt, so dass sich seine Entfernung und möglicherweise auch seine Kontur fortlaufend verändern.FIG. 1b shows the silhouette of a target moving in the terrain according to FIG. 1a, the target moving on a predetermined target course, so that its distance and possibly also its contour change continuously.

Figur 1c zeigt das aus beiden Speicherinhalten unter Beachtung der bekannten Prioritätsregel zusammengesetzte Bild. Für alle Bildpunkte, die durch das Ziel gemäss Figur 1 b besetzt sind, wird geprüft, ob die Zielentfernung kleiner als die Geländeentfernung ist und bejahendenfalls wird der Zielpunkt dargestellt. Ansonsten erfolgt eine Darstellung des Geländebildpunktes.FIG. 1c shows the image composed of the two memory contents taking into account the known priority rule. For all pixels that are occupied by the target according to FIG. 1 b, a check is carried out to determine whether the target distance is less than the off-road distance and, if so, the target point is shown. Otherwise, the terrain image point is shown.

Figur 2 zeigt in einem Blockschaltbild eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung zur Ausübung des an sich bekannten CSI-Verfahrens (CSI = Computer Synthesized Imagery) - siehe auch DE-C2-3 133 866. Ein Rechner 10 lädt hierbei jeweils zeitlich koordiniert im TV-Bildtakt die verschiedenen digitalen Schnellzugriffsspeicher, deren Inhalte ebenfalls rechnergesteuert in einem Bildmultiplexer 12 im TV-Bildtakt Bildpunkt für Bildpunkt zusammengeführt werden. Der Einfachheit halber ist nur ein Geländebildspeicher 14 und ein Zielbildspeicher 16 dargestellt. Weitere nicht dargestellte digitale Schnellzugriffsspeicher dienen der Speicherung von beispielsweise einer Geschossleuchtspur, eines Visierbildes und von Geschosseinschlageffekten.FIG. 2 shows in a block diagram a device according to the invention for performing the known CSI method (CSI = Computer Synthesized Imagery) - see also DE-C2-3 133 866 digital fast access memory, the contents of which are also computer-controlled in an image multi plexer 12 can be merged pixel by pixel in the TV picture clock. For the sake of simplicity, only one terrain image memory 14 and one target image memory 16 are shown. Further digital quick access memories, not shown, serve to store, for example, a projectile tracer, a sighting image and projectile impact effects.

Der Geländebildspeicher 14 weist pro Bildpunkt eine Wortlänge von 8 Bit auf. 6 Bit dienen hierbei der Codierung eines Grauwertes des jeweiligen Bildpunktes, d. h. seiner Helligkeit, und die beiden verbleibenden Bits geben vier Adressen (00, 01, 10, 11) vor, mit denen einzelne Teilflächen des Geländebilds markiert sind. Mit diesen Adressen wird eine Transformationstabelle 18 adressiert, die vier Wörter mit einer Länge von z. B. 16 Bit enthält, mit denen die Entfernungen verschiedener Teilflächen des Geländebildes hochgenau codiert sind. Die Transformationstabelle 18 ist von dem Rechner 10 in Abhängigkeit von dem darzustellenden Geländebildausschnitt nachladbar.The terrain image memory 14 has a word length of 8 bits per pixel. 6 bits are used to encode a gray value of the respective pixel, i. H. its brightness, and the two remaining bits specify four addresses (00, 01, 10, 11) with which individual partial areas of the terrain image are marked. With these addresses a transformation table 18 is addressed, the four words with a length of z. B. contains 16 bits with which the distances of different partial areas of the terrain image are encoded with high precision. The transformation table 18 can be loaded by the computer 10 as a function of the terrain image section to be displayed.

Grundsätzlich arbeitet die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung auch bei einer Erweiterung des Geländebildspeichers um ein Bit pro Bildpunkt, mit welchem Bit sich beispielsweise die in den Figuren 1a bis 1c dargestellte Situation berücksichtigen lässt. Zur Vermeidung von Konflikten bei mehreren Zielen und dicht beieinanderliegenden Sichthindernissen erscheint jedoch die vorstehend erwähnte Codierung der Geländebildpunkte mit zwei zusätzlichen Bits zweckmässig.Basically, the device according to the invention also works when the terrain image memory is expanded by one bit per pixel, with which bit, for example, the situation shown in FIGS. 1a to 1c can be taken into account. In order to avoid conflicts in the case of several targets and close obstructions of vision, the above-mentioned coding of the terrain image points with two additional bits seems expedient.

Im Betrieb der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung setzt der Bildmultiplexer 12 die Helligkeitswerte der einzelnen digitalen Schnellzugriffsspeicher Bildpunkt für Bildpunkt zusammen, und zusätzlich wird über die Adresse eines jeden Bildpunktes in dem Geländebildspeicher 14 die Transformationstabelle 18 adressiert und die durch die 16 Bit dieser Tabelle genau codierte Entfernungsinformation dem Bildmultiplexer zugeführt. Diese genau vorgegebene Entfernung des Bildpunktes wird mit der von dem Rechner vorgegebenen Zielentfernung verglichen und je nachdem, ob die Zielentfernung grösser oder kleiner als die Geländeentfernung ist, wird der Zielbildpunkt oder der Geländebildpunkt beim Zusammensetzen des Bildes unterdrückt. Das durch den Bildmultiplexer 12 zusammengesetzte Bild gelangt nach entsprechender Digital/Analog-Umsetzung als zusammengesetztes Bild auf einem nicht dargestellten TV-Monitor zur Darstellung.In operation of the device according to the invention, the image multiplexer 12 assembles the brightness values of the individual digital quick access memories pixel by pixel, and in addition the transformation table 18 is addressed via the address of each pixel in the terrain image memory 14 and the distance information, which is precisely coded by the 16 bits of this table, is sent to the image multiplexer fed. This precisely specified distance of the image point is compared with the target distance specified by the computer and, depending on whether the target distance is greater or smaller than the off-road distance, the target image point or the terrain image point is suppressed when the image is composed. After corresponding digital / analog conversion, the image composed by the image multiplexer 12 is displayed as a composite image on a TV monitor, not shown.

Claims (2)

1. Device for simulation of a visual field of view comprising a plurality of digital memories for storing the image of a background (14), the image of a target (16), the image of a tracer trajectory etc., a computer for loading the memories and for controlling the image selection, whereat to each of the target and of certain areas of the background image besides of a grey value information a range information is associated in order to evaluate for each image point of the target being present whether said target is to be covered by the background or is to be displayed in front of said background (A) and further comprising an image multiplexer (12) for composing the image to be displayed on a TV monitor, characterized in that the background image memory (14) besides said grey value coding comprises a coded address for each image point with which a transformation table (18) storing the range information is addessable and that the transformation table (18) comprises a random access memory which is reloadable with different range values as a function of the background image cut-out to be displayed.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the address of the background image memory (14) comprises two bits and that the transformation table (18) memorizes the ranges within four words.
EP84101640A 1984-02-17 1984-02-17 View simulating device Expired EP0152499B1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8484101640T DE3475565D1 (en) 1984-02-17 1984-02-17 View simulating device
EP84101640A EP0152499B1 (en) 1984-02-17 1984-02-17 View simulating device

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EP84101640A EP0152499B1 (en) 1984-02-17 1984-02-17 View simulating device

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EP0152499A1 EP0152499A1 (en) 1985-08-28
EP0152499B1 true EP0152499B1 (en) 1988-12-07

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2583866B1 (en) * 1985-06-21 1989-04-28 Thomson Csf METHOD OF SIMULATING TARGETS, MOBILE AND MASKABLE IN A LANDSCAPE, FOR SHOOTING TRAINING, ROLLING AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME.
FR2583867B1 (en) * 1985-06-21 1992-06-12 Thomson Csf METHOD OF SIMULATING TARGETS, MOBILE AND MASKABLE, IN A LANDSCAPE, FOR TRAINING IN SHOOTING, STOPPING AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME.
FR2641884A1 (en) * 1988-12-23 1990-07-20 Thomson Csf IMAGE GENERATOR FOR A SHOOTING SIMULATOR

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0031011A2 (en) * 1979-12-20 1981-07-01 International Business Machines Corporation Cathode ray tube display apparatus
DE3133866C2 (en) * 1981-08-27 1986-02-20 Honeywell Gmbh, 6050 Offenbach Process for visual simulation

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3035213C2 (en) * 1980-09-18 1983-11-03 Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München Process for the acquisition and reproduction of terrain images for visual simulators
US4616217A (en) * 1981-05-22 1986-10-07 The Marconi Company Limited Visual simulators, computer generated imagery, and display systems

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0031011A2 (en) * 1979-12-20 1981-07-01 International Business Machines Corporation Cathode ray tube display apparatus
DE3133866C2 (en) * 1981-08-27 1986-02-20 Honeywell Gmbh, 6050 Offenbach Process for visual simulation

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