EP0151650B1 - Piston-cylinder assembly - Google Patents

Piston-cylinder assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0151650B1
EP0151650B1 EP83111456A EP83111456A EP0151650B1 EP 0151650 B1 EP0151650 B1 EP 0151650B1 EP 83111456 A EP83111456 A EP 83111456A EP 83111456 A EP83111456 A EP 83111456A EP 0151650 B1 EP0151650 B1 EP 0151650B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
cylinder
face
pressure
piston rod
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83111456A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0151650A2 (en
EP0151650A3 (en
Inventor
Josef Büter
Heinrich Büter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Bueter Te Haren Bondsrepubli GmbH
Original Assignee
Bueter Heinrich
Bueter Josef
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Publication date
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Application filed by Bueter Heinrich, Bueter Josef filed Critical Bueter Heinrich
Priority to AT83111456T priority Critical patent/ATE37932T1/en
Publication of EP0151650A2 publication Critical patent/EP0151650A2/en
Publication of EP0151650A3 publication Critical patent/EP0151650A3/en
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Publication of EP0151650B1 publication Critical patent/EP0151650B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1476—Special return means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
    • F15B15/1447—Pistons; Piston to piston rod assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
    • F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
    • F15B15/149—Fluid interconnections, e.g. fluid connectors, passages

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piston-cylinder unit according to the preamble of claim 1, as is known from DE-U-6 801 286.
  • Piston-cylinder units of this type are generally operated hydraulically and are used for setting or adjusting a wide variety of devices or devices. While the return of the piston from a working position was previously carried out with external springs, it was later adopted to connect such piston-cylinder units to a pressure medium accumulator via a second connecting piece, which is also called hydraulic accumulator in hydraulic operation and in a closed one Housing has a membrane, on one side of which a pressurized gas (generally nitrogen) is arranged, while the opposite side of the membrane is connected to the cylinder via the second connecting piece of the piston-cylinder unit. If the pressure medium reservoir is pressurized with pressure medium via its connecting piece, it compresses the gas and deforms the membrane and builds up a corresponding pressure which can be used to return the piston to its initial position.
  • a pressurized gas generally nitrogen
  • a connecting line provided with a check valve between the two sides of the piston lying cylinder sections provided.
  • the check valve of the connecting line is controlled in a travel-dependent manner and can only be opened in the end position of the piston adjacent to the second connecting piece, so that no pressure equalization can take place if the piston does not reach this end position.
  • the present invention has for its object to improve the generic piston-cylinder unit in such a way that, in a manner known per se, pressure compensation between the cylinder chambers on both sides of the piston can also take place if the piston does not reach its end position facing the second connecting piece , wherein the piston-cylinder unit should also be simple, robust and last but not least because of the smallest possible dimensioning extremely cheap to manufacture.
  • the check valve arranged in the connecting line is controlled in a manner known per se such that it is always open when the piston is subjected to working pressure on its first end face
  • the connecting line being the piston as well
  • Section passing through the bore consists of two sections running inside the piston rod, each designed as a bore, of which the one (first) section adjacent to the piston runs in the direction of the piston rod and is aligned with the section passing through the piston and the other (second) section radially with respect to the piston rod extends and connects the first section to the annular chamber, and wherein the check valve is arranged in the mutually facing connecting line sections of the piston and the piston rod.
  • the piston diameter therefore only needs to be slightly larger than the diameter of the piston rod specified for reasons of strength, so that a piston-cylinder unit with one minimal diameter can be realized, which is simple and robust and can be easily and inexpensively manufactured, since the individual sections of the connecting line are formed by bores.
  • the drawing shows a piston-cylinder unit 1 according to the invention with a pressure medium accumulator 2 for hydraulic actuation, thus therefore a hydraulic cylinder with a hydraulic accumulator, the piston 6 of which is guided in the cylinder 3 and fastened to a piston rod 4 on its front and below with a "first" end face designated one end face 7 is to be acted upon with hydraulic oil, which is to be guided into the cylinder 3 in a controlled manner via a connecting piece 8 arranged on an end section of the cylinder 3.
  • the cylinder 3 essentially consists of a tube section 3 ', at the ends of which a cylinder end piece 9 or 10 is arranged.
  • the pipe section 3 ' is not permanently connected to the cylinder end piece 10 located there in order to be able to carry out the assembly and, if necessary, disassembly of the piston rod 4 of the piston 6. Rather, the sleeve-shaped cylinder end piece 10 is provided with an external thread 14 and screwed into a corresponding internal thread, which is located at this end of the pipe section 3 '. To achieve the required tightness, a seal 16 is arranged between the cylinder end piece 9 and the inside of the pipe section 3 'of the cylinder 3, which is a normal standard seal.
  • Two further seals 17 are arranged at this end of the piston-cylinder unit 1 between the piston rod 4 and the inside of the cylinder end piece 10, which is circular in cross section.
  • connection piece 18 for the hydraulic accumulator 2 which is screwed into the connection piece 18 with a connection 19 provided with a corresponding external thread.
  • the end of the piston rod 4 located at this end - like the articulation lug 13 - has a bore 21 and, as cannot be seen in the side view shown in the drawing, is provided in the center with a slot which extends from its free outer end via a Section extends in the direction of the other end of the piston rod 4, as is known per se.
  • the operator concerned opens one in the first Connection piece 8 connecting line arranged KugelveNtil and there is a flow of hydraulic oil in the direction of arrow 27 in the space 26, and then a force is exerted on the piston 6, which multiplies the product of the pressure built up (for example, 180 bar) corresponds to the projection surface of the first end face 7 on a plane running at right angles to the central axis 31, and this pressure causes a movement of the piston rod 4 in the direction of the arrow 29.
  • the product of the pressure built up for example, 180 bar
  • the area of the second end face 33 of the piston 6 is smaller than its first end face, so that in the annular chamber 32 in normal operating state when the space 26 is pressurized with pressure medium, there is a lower pressure than in the space 26.
  • this connecting line is arranged inside the cylinder 3, namely it extends through the piston 6 and a section of the piston rod 4. Both are provided with a bore 34 or 36 lying on the central axis 31, a radially extending bore 37 adjoining the axially extending bore 36, which leads to the annular chamber 32 and is connected to the latter in every piston position.
  • the bore 34 provided in the piston 6 widens at the end of the piston 6 facing the piston rod 4 and forms a seat 38 there for a ball 39, which can lie in the extension section 34 'of the bore 34, thus has a diameter which is smaller than the length of the extension section 34 '.
  • the bore 36 also has an expansion section 36 '.
  • a prestressed compression spring 41 is arranged, which is therefore supported at one end on the shoulder 42, which is formed due to the expansion of the bore 36, and with its other end on the ball 39, so that it first of all holds in contact with ball seat 38.
  • pressure medium can also flow into the bore 34 of the piston 6 and press the ball 39 against the action of the compression spring 41 , wherein the ball 39 comes to rest on the free end of the extension section 36 '. There, however, it does not seal the extension section 36 'and thus the bore 36, but slots 43 are provided on this "second" ball seat, at which pressurized pressure medium always passes from the bore 34 - past the ball 39 - into the bore 36 can flow.
  • the annular chamber 32 is also filled with hydraulic fluid and thus also the corresponding part of the pressure medium reservoir 2 via the second connecting piece 18 until an equilibrium state occurs due to the geometric conditions when the piston rod 4 is in Direction of arrow 29 has moved to the far left.
  • piston-cylinder unit according to the invention manages with standard seals and not particularly high-quality surfaces, because the size of the leakage loss (of course within reasonable limits) in contrast to the prior art described above is completely uncritical.
  • the piston-cylinder unit according to the invention therefore fulfills all of the tasks according to the requirements placed on it in an almost optimal manner, the measures taken for this purpose, namely the formation of the bores 34, 36 and the arrangement of the compression spring 41 and the ball 39 with extremely little effort are to be practiced, since the piston rod has already been clamped for machining purposes and therefore no additional alignment work is required to produce the bores.
  • the assembly of the spring and the ball is obviously very simple, and there is also the fact that these additional costs at least z. T.
  • the inner wall 23 of the cylinder 3 does not have any particularly high smoothness requirements and, furthermore, because of their standard designs, the seals used are noticeably cheaper than the special seals, as must be provided in the comparable prior art, in order to prevent leakage and that with it to make the associated pressure drop as small as possible.

Abstract

A double action piston/cylinder unit has a piston guided in a cylinder and attached to a piston rod, the piston to be charged with a pressure agent, particularly hydraulic fluid at a first end face, the hydraulic fluid to be conducted in a controlled manner into the cylinder via a first fitting disposed at an end section of the cylinder and is to be charged at its other, second end face with a pressure agent which is located in an annular chamber formed by a central section of the piston rod and the inner wall of the cylinder, the second end face of the piston and a cylinder end piece, the annular chamber is in communication with a pressure agent reservoir which is connected to the annular chamber via a second fitting disposed at the other end section of the cylinder. A connecting line by way of which a pressure compensation can occur when the piston is charged at its first end face is provided between the first fitting and the second fitting, the connection being interrupted when the piston is not charged by the pressure agent under pressure at its first end face.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1, wie sie aus der DE-U-6 801 286 bekannt ist.The invention relates to a piston-cylinder unit according to the preamble of claim 1, as is known from DE-U-6 801 286.

Derartige Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten werden in aller Regel hydraulisch betrieben und dienen zum Einstellen bzw. Verstellen verschiedenster Vorrichtungen oder Einrichtungen. Während man die Rückführung des Kolbens aus einer Arbeitsstellung früher mit außenliegenden Federn durchgeführt hat, ist man später dazu übergegangen, derartige Kolben-Zylinder-Einheiten über einen zweiten Anschlußstutzen an einen Druckmittelspeicher anzuschließen, der bei hydraulischem Betrieb auch als Hydrospeicher bezeichnet wird und in einem geschlossenen Gehäuse eine Membran aufweist, auf deren einer Seite ein unter Druck stehendes Gas (i. a. Stickstoff) angeordnet ist, während die gegenüberliegende Seite der Membran über den zweiten Anschlußstutzen der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit an deren Zylinder angeschlossen ist. Wird der Druckmittelspeicher über seinen Anschlußstutzen mit Druckmittel beaufschlagt, so drückt dieses das Gas mithin unter Verformung der Membran zusammen und baut einen entsprechenden Druck auf, der zum Zurückführen des Kolbens in seine Ausgangsstellung verwendet werden kann.Piston-cylinder units of this type are generally operated hydraulically and are used for setting or adjusting a wide variety of devices or devices. While the return of the piston from a working position was previously carried out with external springs, it was later adopted to connect such piston-cylinder units to a pressure medium accumulator via a second connecting piece, which is also called hydraulic accumulator in hydraulic operation and in a closed one Housing has a membrane, on one side of which a pressurized gas (generally nitrogen) is arranged, while the opposite side of the membrane is connected to the cylinder via the second connecting piece of the piston-cylinder unit. If the pressure medium reservoir is pressurized with pressure medium via its connecting piece, it compresses the gas and deforms the membrane and builds up a corresponding pressure which can be used to return the piston to its initial position.

Um einen derartigen Hydrospeicher bei Betriebsaufnahme mit Druckmittel füllen zu können und die nicht zu vermeidenden Leckverluste ausgleichen zu können, ist gemäß der DE-U-6 801 286 in dem radial über die Kolbenstange hinausstehenden Abschnitt des Kolbens eine mit einem Rückschlagventil versehene Verbindungsleitung zwischen den beiderseits des Kolbens liegenden Zylinderabschnitten vorgesehen. Dabei ist das Rückschlagventil der Verbindungsleitung wegabhängig gesteuert und lediglich in der dem zweiten Anschlußstutzen benachbarten Endstellung des Kolbens zu öffnen, so daß kein Druckausgleich erfolgen kann, wenn der Kolben diese Endstellung nicht erreicht.In order to be able to fill such a hydraulic accumulator with pressure medium at the start of operation and to be able to compensate for the unavoidable leakage losses, according to DE-U-6 801 286 in the section of the piston which projects radially beyond the piston rod, a connecting line provided with a check valve between the two sides of the piston lying cylinder sections provided. The check valve of the connecting line is controlled in a travel-dependent manner and can only be opened in the end position of the piston adjacent to the second connecting piece, so that no pressure equalization can take place if the piston does not reach this end position.

Aus der GB-A-1 142 172 ist es allerdings bei einer Ramme bekannt, ein Rückschlagventil, welches in einer Verbindungsleitung zwischen den beiderseits der Kolbenseitenflächen liegenden Zylinderabschnitte liegt, nicht weg-, sondern druckabhängig zu steuern.From GB-A-1 142 172, however, it is known for a ram to control a non-return valve, which is located in a connecting line between the cylinder sections lying on both sides of the piston side surfaces, not pressure-dependent, but pressure-dependent.

Ein weiterer Nachteil der aus der DE-U-6 801 286 bekannten Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit besteht darin, daß die Verbindungsleitung in dem radial zur Kolbenstange vorstehenden Abschnitt des Kolbens angeordnet ist, da dieses einen Kolben entsprechend großen Durchmessers erfordert und damit auch ein entsprechend großer Zylinder erforderlich wird.Another disadvantage of the piston-cylinder unit known from DE-U-6 801 286 is that the connecting line is arranged in the portion of the piston projecting radially to the piston rod, since this requires a piston of correspondingly large diameter and thus also a corresponding one large cylinder is required.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die gattungsgemäße Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit dahingehend zu verbessern, daß in an sich bekannter Weise auch dann ein Druckausgleich zwischen den beiderseits des Kolbens liegenden Zylinderkammern erfolgen kann, wenn der Kolben seine dem zweiten Anschlußstutzen zugekehrte Endstellung nicht erreicht, wobei die Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit darüber hinaus einfach, robust und nicht zuletzt aufgrund möglichst kleiner Dimensionierung äußerst billig herstellbar sein soll.The present invention has for its object to improve the generic piston-cylinder unit in such a way that, in a manner known per se, pressure compensation between the cylinder chambers on both sides of the piston can also take place if the piston does not reach its end position facing the second connecting piece , wherein the piston-cylinder unit should also be simple, robust and last but not least because of the smallest possible dimensioning extremely cheap to manufacture.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß dadurch, daß das in der Verbindungsleitung angeordnete Rückschlagventil in an sich bekannter Weise derart gesteuert ist, daß es stets geöffnet ist, wenn der Kolben an seiner ersten Stirnfläche mit Arbeitsdruck beaufschlagt ist, wobei die Verbindungsleitung außer dem den Kolben als Bohrung durchsetzenden Abschnitt aus zwei innerhalb der Kolbenstange verlaufenden, jeweils als Bohrung ausgebildeten Abschnitten besteht, von denen der dem Kolben benachbarte eine (erste) Abschnitt in Richtung derKolbenstange verläuft und zu dem den Kolben durchsetzenden Abschnitt fluchtet und der andere (zweite) Abschnitt radial zur Kolbenstange verläuft und den ersten Abschnitt mit der Ringkammer verbindet, und wobei das Rückschlagventil in den einander zugekehrten Verbindungsleitungsabschnitten des Kolbens und der Kolbenstange angeordnet ist.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the check valve arranged in the connecting line is controlled in a manner known per se such that it is always open when the piston is subjected to working pressure on its first end face, the connecting line being the piston as well Section passing through the bore consists of two sections running inside the piston rod, each designed as a bore, of which the one (first) section adjacent to the piston runs in the direction of the piston rod and is aligned with the section passing through the piston and the other (second) section radially with respect to the piston rod extends and connects the first section to the annular chamber, and wherein the check valve is arranged in the mutually facing connecting line sections of the piston and the piston rod.

Aufgrund des Umstandes, daß sich der den Kolben durchsetzende Abschnitt der Verbindungsleitung in dem zur Kolbenstange fluchtenden Abschnitt befindet, braucht der Kolbendurchmesser mithin nur geringfügig größer als der aus Festigkeitsgründen vorgegebene Durchmesser der Kolbenstange zu sein, so daß sich eine Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit mit einem minimalen Durchmesser verwirklichen läßt, die dabei einfach und robust aufgebaut ist und sich einfach und preiswert herstellen läßt, da die einzelnen Abschnitte der Verbindungsleitung durch Bohrungen gebildet werden.Due to the fact that the section of the connecting line passing through the piston is located in the section aligned with the piston rod, the piston diameter therefore only needs to be slightly larger than the diameter of the piston rod specified for reasons of strength, so that a piston-cylinder unit with one minimal diameter can be realized, which is simple and robust and can be easily and inexpensively manufactured, since the individual sections of the connecting line are formed by bores.

Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind in Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in subclaims.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend an einem Ausführungsbeispiel unter Bezugnahme auf eine Zeichnung weiter erläutert.The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to a drawing.

Die Zeichnung zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 1 mit einem Druckmittelspeicher 2 für hydraulische Betätigung, mithin also einen Hydrozylinder mit Hydrospeicher, dessen im Zylinder 3 geführter, an einer Kolbenstange 4 befestigter Kolben 6 an seiner vor- und nachstehend mit "erster" Stirnseite bezeichneten einen Stirnseite 7 mit Hydrauliköl zu beaufschlagen ist, welches über einen an einem Endabschnitt des Zylinders 3 angeordneten Anschlußstutzen 8 gesteuert in den Zylinder 3 zu leiten ist.The drawing shows a piston-cylinder unit 1 according to the invention with a pressure medium accumulator 2 for hydraulic actuation, thus therefore a hydraulic cylinder with a hydraulic accumulator, the piston 6 of which is guided in the cylinder 3 and fastened to a piston rod 4 on its front and below with a "first" end face designated one end face 7 is to be acted upon with hydraulic oil, which is to be guided into the cylinder 3 in a controlled manner via a connecting piece 8 arranged on an end section of the cylinder 3.

Es ist erkennbar, daß der Zylinder 3 im wesentlichen aus einem Rohrabschnitt 3' besteht, an dessen Enden jeweils ein Zylinderendstück 9 bzw. 10 angeordnet ist. Das Zylinderendstück 9, welches einen mit einer Bohrung 12 versehenen Anlenkansatz 13 aufweist, der mit dem Zylinderstück 9 verschweißt ist, ist seinerseits mit dem Rohrabschnitt 3' verschweißt, wobei sich der Anschlußstutzen 8 an dem vorstehend beschriebenen Ende der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 1 befindet.It can be seen that the cylinder 3 essentially consists of a tube section 3 ', at the ends of which a cylinder end piece 9 or 10 is arranged. The cylinder end piece 9, which has an articulation attachment 13 provided with a bore 12, which is welded to the cylinder piece 9, is in turn with welded to the pipe section 3 ', the connecting piece 8 being located at the end of the piston-cylinder unit 1 described above.

An dem gegenüberliegenden Ende ist der Rohrabschnitt 3' mit dem dort befindlichen Zylinderendstück 10 nicht unlösbar verbunden, um die Montage und ggf. Demontage der Kolbenstange 4 des Kolbens 6 durchführen zu können. Vielmehr ist das buchsenförmige Zylinderendstück 10 mit einem Außengewinde 14 versehen und in ein entsprechendes Innengewinde eingeschraubt, welches sich an diesem Ende des Rohrabschnittes 3' befindet. Zur Erzielung der erforderlichen Dichtigkeit ist zwischen dem Zylinderendstück 9 und der Innenseite des Rohrabschnittes 3' des Zylinders 3 eine Dichtung 16 angeordnet, bei der es sich um eine normale Standarddichtung handelt.At the opposite end, the pipe section 3 'is not permanently connected to the cylinder end piece 10 located there in order to be able to carry out the assembly and, if necessary, disassembly of the piston rod 4 of the piston 6. Rather, the sleeve-shaped cylinder end piece 10 is provided with an external thread 14 and screwed into a corresponding internal thread, which is located at this end of the pipe section 3 '. To achieve the required tightness, a seal 16 is arranged between the cylinder end piece 9 and the inside of the pipe section 3 'of the cylinder 3, which is a normal standard seal.

Zwei weitere Dichtungen 17 sind an diesem Ende der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 1 zwischen der Kolbenstange 4 und der im Querschnitt kreisförmigen Innenseite des Zylinderendstückes 10 angeordnet.Two further seals 17 are arranged at this end of the piston-cylinder unit 1 between the piston rod 4 and the inside of the cylinder end piece 10, which is circular in cross section.

An diesem Ende der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 1 befindet sich ein zweiter Anschlußstutzen 18 für den Hydrospeicher 2, der in den Anschlußstutzen 18 mit einem mit entsprechendem Außengewinde versehenen Anschluß 19 eingeschraubt ist.At this end of the piston-cylinder unit 1 there is a second connection piece 18 for the hydraulic accumulator 2, which is screwed into the connection piece 18 with a connection 19 provided with a corresponding external thread.

Das an diesem Ende befindliche Ende der Kolbenstange 4 besitzt - ebenso wie der Anlenkansatz 13 - eine Bohrung 21 und ist, wie in der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Seitenansicht nicht erkennbar ist, mittig mit einem Schlitz versehen, der sich von seinem freien äußeren Ende über einen Abschnitt in Richtung auf das andere Ende der Kolbenstange 4 hin erstreckt, wie dieses an sich bekannt ist.The end of the piston rod 4 located at this end - like the articulation lug 13 - has a bore 21 and, as cannot be seen in the side view shown in the drawing, is provided in the center with a slot which extends from its free outer end via a Section extends in the direction of the other end of the piston rod 4, as is known per se.

Der ebenfalls eine Dichtung 22 zur Innenwandung 23 des Zylinders 3 aufweisende Kolben 6 ist zudem noch an seiner Umfangsfläche mit einem Führungsband 24 versehen und besitzt an seiner vor- und nachstehend mit "erster Stirnseite" bezeichneten, radial verlaufenden Beaufschlagungsseite 7 eine Ausgestaltung, die verhindert, daß die erste Stirnseite 7 sich ohne Freilassung eines Raumes 26 in voller Größe an die Innenseite des Zylinderendstückes 9 anlegen kann. Vielmehr ist, wie dieses aus der Zeichnung erkennbar ist, stets ein solcher Raum 26 vorhanden, so daß sich in diesem bei Zufuhr von unter Druck stehendem Druckmittel über die in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Anschlußleitung an den ersten Anschlußstutzen 8 in Richtung des Pfeiles 27 im Raum 26 ein Druck aufbauen kann (das Druckmittel kann aus dem Anschlußstutzen 8 durch eine im Zylinder 3 befindliche Bohrung 28 in den Raum 26 einströmen).The piston 6, which likewise has a seal 22 to the inner wall 23 of the cylinder 3, is also provided on its circumferential surface with a guide band 24 and has a configuration on its radial and radial application side 7, which is referred to above and below as "first end face", which prevents that the first end face 7 can lay on the inside of the cylinder end piece 9 in full size without leaving a space 26. Rather, as can be seen from the drawing, such a space 26 is always present, so that when pressure fluid is supplied via the connecting line (not shown in the drawing) to the first connecting piece 8 in the direction of arrow 27 in the room 26 can build up a pressure (the pressure medium can flow from the connecting piece 8 through a bore 28 in the cylinder 3 into the space 26).

Soll die Kolbenstange 4 zwecks Betätigung irgendeiner Einrichtung, Vorrichtung oder eines Bauteils (in der Zeichnung nicht gezeichnet) aus der in der Zeichnung eingestellten einen Endlage in Richtung des Pfeiles 29 nach links bewegt werden, so öffnet die betreffende Bedienungsperson ein in der sich an den ersten Anschlußstutzen 8 anschließenden Leitung angeordnetes KugelveNtil und es kommt zu einem Strömen von Hydrauliköl in Richtung des Pfeiles 27 in den Raum 26, wobei dann mithin auf den Kolben 6 eine Kraft ausgeübt wird, die dem Produkt des aufgebauten Druckes (von beispielsweise 180 bar) multipliziert mit der Projektionsfläche der ersten Stirnseite 7 auf eine rechtwinklig zur Mittelachse 31 verlaufenden Ebene entspricht und es kommt aufgrund dieses Druckes ze einer Bewegung der Kolbenstange 4 in Richtung des Pfeiles 29.If the piston rod 4 is to be moved from the one end position set in the drawing in the direction of arrow 29 to the left for the purpose of actuating any device, device or component (not shown in the drawing), the operator concerned opens one in the first Connection piece 8 connecting line arranged KugelveNtil and there is a flow of hydraulic oil in the direction of arrow 27 in the space 26, and then a force is exerted on the piston 6, which multiplies the product of the pressure built up (for example, 180 bar) corresponds to the projection surface of the first end face 7 on a plane running at right angles to the central axis 31, and this pressure causes a movement of the piston rod 4 in the direction of the arrow 29.

Ohne daß an dieser Stelle bereits darauf eingegangen werden soll, wie Druckmittel in die Ringkammer 32 gelangt und wie in dieser ein Druck aufgebaut wird, wird hiervon an dieser Stelle einmal ausgegangen - also entsprechend dem üblichen Betriebszustand -, so daß demgemäß festgestellt werden kann, daß der Kolben 6 mit seiner ringförmigen zweiten Stirnseite 33 einen Druck auf die in der Ringkammer 32 befindliche Hydraulikflüssigkeit ausübt, so daß diese bei der Bewegung der Kolbenstange 4 und des Kolbens 6 in Richtung des Pfeiles 29 nach links über den zweiten Anschlußstutzeri 18 in den Hydrospeicher entweicht und dort auf die bereits weiter oben beschriebene Membran drückt, so daß die auf der anderen Seite der Membran in einer geschlossenen Kammer vorhandene Gasfüllung (Stickstoff) entsprechend zusammengedrückt wird.Without going into how pressure medium gets into the annular chamber 32 and how a pressure is built up in it at this point, it is assumed at this point - that is, according to the normal operating state - so that it can be determined accordingly the piston 6 with its annular second end face 33 exerts a pressure on the hydraulic fluid located in the annular chamber 32, so that it escapes to the left via the second connecting piece 18 in the hydraulic accumulator when the piston rod 4 and the piston 6 move in the direction of the arrow 29 and there presses on the membrane already described above, so that the gas filling (nitrogen) present on the other side of the membrane in a closed chamber is compressed accordingly.

Es sei noch darauf verwiesen, daß die Fläche der zweiten Stirnseite 33 des Kolbens 6 kleiner ist als dessen erste Stirnseite, so daß in der Ringkammer 32 in normalem Betriebszustand bei Beaufschlagung des Raumes 26 mit Druckmittel ein kleinerer Druck herrscht als im Raum 26.It should also be pointed out that the area of the second end face 33 of the piston 6 is smaller than its first end face, so that in the annular chamber 32 in normal operating state when the space 26 is pressurized with pressure medium, there is a lower pressure than in the space 26.

Soll zwecks entsprechender Rückbetätigung der mit der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 1 zu betätigenden Einrichtung o. dgl. eine Rückbewegung entgegen dem Pfeil 29 erfolgen, so betätigt die Bedienungsperson mithin den in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Kugelhahn, so daß dem Anschlußstutzen 8 und damit dem Raum 26 kein unter Druck stehendes Druckmittel mehr zugeführt wird. Vielmehr ist die an den ersten Anschlußstutzen 8 anschließende Leitung dann "offen" und ohne Überdruck zur Rückströmung von Hydraulikflüssigkeit frei. Der hierfür erforderliche Druck wird von dem Hydrospeicher 2 ausgeübt, der die in der Ringkammer 32 vorhandene Hydraulikflüssigkeit unter entsprechendem Druck hält und bei der Rückbewegung lediglich ein Ausschieben ohne beachtlichen Gegendruck bewirken muß.If, for the purpose of correspondingly re-actuating the device to be actuated with the piston-cylinder unit 1 or the like, a return movement against the arrow 29 takes place, the operator therefore actuates the ball valve, not shown in the drawing, so that the connecting piece 8 and thus the space 26 no more pressure medium is supplied. Rather, the line connecting to the first connecting piece 8 is then "open" and free of excess pressure for the backflow of hydraulic fluid. The pressure required for this is exerted by the hydraulic accumulator 2, which maintains the hydraulic fluid in the annular chamber 32 under appropriate pressure and only has to cause it to be pushed out without considerable counterpressure during the return movement.

Nun kommt es wie weiter oben dargelegt, im Verlaufe des Betriebes zwangsläufig zu gewissen Leckverlusten an den Dichtungen 16, 17, was im Verlaufe des Betriebes schließlich zu einem Ausfall der Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit 1 führen würde, wenn man nicht die Leckverluste (unter entsprechendem Druck) ausgleicht.Now, as explained above, certain leaks in the seals 16, 17 inevitably occur in the course of operation, which would ultimately lead to a failure of the piston-cylinder unit 1 in the course of the operation if the leakage losses (under the corresponding Pressure).

Dieses erfolgt bei der vor- und nachstehend beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung ebenso wie das anfängliche Auffüllen der Ringkammer 32 bzw. des Druckmittelspeichers 2 selbsttätig dadurch, daß zwischen dem ersten Anschlußstutzen 8 und dem zweiten Anschlußstutzen 18 eine Verbindung geschaffen worden ist, über welche stets ein Druckausgleich erfolgen kann, wenn der Kolben 6 an seiner ersten Stirnseite 7 von dem Druckmittel mit Druck beaufschlagt wird, während die Verbindung unterbrochen ist, wenn der Kolben 6 an seiner ersten Stirnseite 7 nicht von unter Druck stehendem Druckmittel beaufschlagt wird, sondern die Zuflußleitung offen ist und das Hydrauliköl zurückströmt. Diese Verbindungsleitung ist, wie aus der Zeichnung erkennbar ist, innerhalb des Zylinders 3 angeordnet, und zwar erstreckt sie sich durch den Kolben 6 und einen Abschnitt der Kolbenstange 4. Beide sind nämlich mit einer auf der Mittelachse 31 liegenden Bohrung 34 bzw. 36 versehen, wobei sich an die axial verlaufende Bohrung 36 eine radial verlaufende Bohrung 37 anschließt, die bis zur Ringkammer 32 führt und in jeder Kolbenstellung mit dieser verbunden ist.This is done at the upstream and downstream Described embodiment of the invention as well as the initial filling of the annular chamber 32 or the pressure medium reservoir 2 automatically in that a connection has been created between the first connection piece 8 and the second connection piece 18, via which a pressure equalization can always take place when the piston 6 on it the first end face 7 is pressurized by the pressure medium, while the connection is interrupted when the piston 6 is not acted upon by pressure medium under pressure on its first end face 7, but the inflow line is open and the hydraulic oil flows back. As can be seen from the drawing, this connecting line is arranged inside the cylinder 3, namely it extends through the piston 6 and a section of the piston rod 4. Both are provided with a bore 34 or 36 lying on the central axis 31, a radially extending bore 37 adjoining the axially extending bore 36, which leads to the annular chamber 32 and is connected to the latter in every piston position.

Wie weiterhin aus der Zeichnung erkennbar ist, erweitert sich die im Kolben 6 vorgesehene Bohrung 34 an dem der Kolbenstange 4 zugekehrten Ende des Kolbens 6 und bildet dort einen Sitz 38 für eine Kugel 39, die in dem Erweiterungsabschnitt 34' der Bohrung 34 liegen kann, also einen Durchmesser aufweist, der kleiner ist als die Länge des Erweiterungsabschnittes 34'. Auch die Bohrung 36 weist einen Erweiterungsabschnitt 36' auf. In diesem ist eine unter Vorspannung stehende Druckfeder 41 angeordnet, die sich mithin an ihrem einen Ende an der Schulter 42 abstützt, die sich aufgrund der Erweiterung der Bohrung 36 bildet, und mit ihrem anderen Ende an der Kugel 39, so daß sie diese zunächst einmal in Anlage am Kugelsitz 38 hält.As can also be seen from the drawing, the bore 34 provided in the piston 6 widens at the end of the piston 6 facing the piston rod 4 and forms a seat 38 there for a ball 39, which can lie in the extension section 34 'of the bore 34, thus has a diameter which is smaller than the length of the extension section 34 '. The bore 36 also has an expansion section 36 '. In this a prestressed compression spring 41 is arranged, which is therefore supported at one end on the shoulder 42, which is formed due to the expansion of the bore 36, and with its other end on the ball 39, so that it first of all holds in contact with ball seat 38.

Wird der Raum 26 durch Druckmittelzufuhr gemäß dem Pfeil 27 mit Druck beaufschlagt und der Kolben 6 mithin in Richtung des Pfeiles 29 nach links bewegt, so kann auch Druckmittel in die Bohrung 34 des Kolbens 6 einströmen und die Kugel 39 entgegen der Wirkung der Druckfeder 41 drücken, wobei die Kugel 39 am freien Ende des Erweiterungsabschnittes 36' zur Anlage kommt. Dort dichtet sie indes den Erweiterungsabschnitt 36' und damit die Bohrung 36 nicht ab, sondern es sind an diesem "zweiten" Kugelsitz Schlitze 43 vorgesehen, an denen unter Druck stehendes Druckmittel stets aus der Bohrung 34 - an der Kugel 39 vorbei -in die Bohrung 36 strömen kann.If the space 26 is pressurized by supplying pressure medium according to the arrow 27 and the piston 6 is therefore moved to the left in the direction of the arrow 29, pressure medium can also flow into the bore 34 of the piston 6 and press the ball 39 against the action of the compression spring 41 , wherein the ball 39 comes to rest on the free end of the extension section 36 '. There, however, it does not seal the extension section 36 'and thus the bore 36, but slots 43 are provided on this "second" ball seat, at which pressurized pressure medium always passes from the bore 34 - past the ball 39 - into the bore 36 can flow.

Bei Betriebsaufnahme findet mithin zunächst einmal dieser Vorgang statt, d. h. außer dem Raum 26 und den Bohrungen 34, 36 wird auch die Ringkammer 32 mit Hydraulikflüssigkeit gefüllt und damit über den zweiten Anschlußstutzen 18 auch der entsprechende Teil des Druckmittelspeichers 2, bis es aufgrund der geometrischen Verhältnisse zu einem Gleichgewichtszustand kommt, wenn sich die Kolbenstange 4 in Richtung des Pfeiles 29 ganz nach links bewegt hat.When operation starts, this process takes place first of all. H. In addition to the space 26 and the bores 34, 36, the annular chamber 32 is also filled with hydraulic fluid and thus also the corresponding part of the pressure medium reservoir 2 via the second connecting piece 18 until an equilibrium state occurs due to the geometric conditions when the piston rod 4 is in Direction of arrow 29 has moved to the far left.

Wird in dieser Stellung der in der Zuflußleitung und damit am ersten Anschlußstutzen 8 liegende Druck durch Betätigen des nicht dargestellten Kugelventils weggenommen, so hat dieses zur Folge, daß der im Hydrospeicher 2 und der Ringkammer 32 herraschende Druck sich nicht nur auf die zweite Stirnseite 33 des Kolbens 6 auswirkt, sondern über die Bohrungen 37, 36, 36' auch auf die Kugel 39, daß diese in die dargestellte Stellung gedrückt wird, in welcher sie mithin dicht am Kugelsitz 38 anliegt, so daß die jenseits der Kugel 39 befindliche Druckmittelflüssigkeit mithin entgegen dem Pfeil 27 ausströmen kann, aber trotzdem (unter entsprechendem Druck stehendes) Druckmittel in der Ringkammer 32 und im Hydrospeicher 2 verbleibt.If in this position the pressure in the inflow line and thus at the first connecting piece 8 is removed by actuating the ball valve (not shown), this has the consequence that the pressure prevailing in the hydraulic accumulator 2 and the annular chamber 32 does not only affect the second end face 33 of the Piston 6 affects, but through the bores 37, 36, 36 'also on the ball 39, that it is pressed into the position shown, in which it therefore lies close to the ball seat 38, so that the pressure medium liquid located beyond the ball 39 is therefore counter the arrow 27 can flow out, but nevertheless (under appropriate pressure) pressure medium remains in the annular chamber 32 and in the hydraulic accumulator 2.

Es ist erkennbar, daß etwaige Leckverluste nach dem gleichen Prinzip automatisch ausgeglichen werden, wie die anfängliche Auffüllung erfolgt, und daß demgemäß auch nicht im Verlaufe des Betriebes ein Druckabbau erfolgt, der ein umständliches Nachfüllen unter entsprechendem Druck etc. erfordert.It can be seen that any leakage losses are automatically compensated for according to the same principle as the initial replenishment, and accordingly there is no pressure reduction in the course of the operation, which requires laborious refilling under appropriate pressure, etc.

Aus den gleichen Gründen ist ohne weiteres einleuchtend, daß man bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit mit Standarddichtungen und nicht sonderlich hoch qualitativen Oberflächen auskommt, da nämlich die Größe des Leckverlustes (selbstverständlich innerhalb vernünftiger Grenzen) im Gegensatz zu dem oben beschriebenen Stand der Technik völlig unkritisch ist.For the same reasons, it is obvious that the piston-cylinder unit according to the invention manages with standard seals and not particularly high-quality surfaces, because the size of the leakage loss (of course within reasonable limits) in contrast to the prior art described above is completely uncritical.

Dieses hat aber auch gleichzeitig eine höhere Standzeit zur Folge, da bekanntlich Dichtungen mit geringen Leckverlusten größere Anpreßkräfte an die Dichtflächen erfordern, was wiederum bei einer entsprechenden Relativbewegung zu entsprechend höherem Verschleiß führt.At the same time, however, this also results in a longer service life, since it is known that seals with low leakage losses require greater contact forces on the sealing surfaces, which in turn leads to correspondingly higher wear with a corresponding relative movement.

Die erfindungsgemäße Kolben-Zylinder-Einheit erfüllt mithin sämtliche Aufgaben gemäß den an sie gestellten Anforderungen in geradezu optimaler Weise, wobei die hierfür getroffenen Maßnahmen, nämlich die Ausbildung der Bohrungen 34, 36 sowie die Anordnung der Druckfeder 41 und der Kugel 39 mit außerordentlich geringem Aufwand zu praktizieren sind, da man die Kolbenstange zu Bearbeitungszwecken ohnehin eingespannt hat und es mithin keiner zusätzlichen Ausrichtarbeit bedarf, um die Bohrungen herzustellen. Die Montage der Feder und der Kugel ist ersichtlich denkbar einfach, und es kommt hinzu, daß diese Mehrkosten zumindest z. T. dadurch kompensiert werden, daß die Innenwandung 23 des Zylinders 3 keine besonders hohen Glätteanforderungen stellt und weiterhin die zum Einsatz kommenden Dichtungen aufgrund ihrer Standardausführungen nennenswert preiswerter sind als die Spezialdichtungen, wie sie bei dem vergleichbaren Stand der Technik vorgesehen sein müssen, um die Leckverluste und den damit verbundenen Druckabfall so klein wie nur irgend möglich zu machen.The piston-cylinder unit according to the invention therefore fulfills all of the tasks according to the requirements placed on it in an almost optimal manner, the measures taken for this purpose, namely the formation of the bores 34, 36 and the arrangement of the compression spring 41 and the ball 39 with extremely little effort are to be practiced, since the piston rod has already been clamped for machining purposes and therefore no additional alignment work is required to produce the bores. The assembly of the spring and the ball is obviously very simple, and there is also the fact that these additional costs at least z. T. be compensated for by the fact that the inner wall 23 of the cylinder 3 does not have any particularly high smoothness requirements and, furthermore, because of their standard designs, the seals used are noticeably cheaper than the special seals, as must be provided in the comparable prior art, in order to prevent leakage and that with it to make the associated pressure drop as small as possible.

Claims (4)

1. A piston and cylinder unit (1) whose piston (6) is guided in the cylinder (3), is secured to a piston rod (4) and is adapted to be energized by way of one (a first) end face (7) with a pressure medium, more particularly hydraulic fluid, at a predetermined working pressure, the fluid being adapted to be supplied in controlled fashion to the cylinder (3) by way of a first port (8) disposed at an end part of the cylinder (3), the piston being adapted to be energized, by way of its opposite other (second) end face (33), the same being smaller than the first end face (7), with pressure medium which is present in an annular chamber (32) bounded by a central part of the piston rod (4), the cylinder inner wall (3), the second piston end face (33) and a cylinder end member (10) and which communicates with a pressure medium accumulator (2) communicating with the chamber (32) by way of a second port (18) disposed at the other end part (10) of the cylinder (3), a communicating line (34, 36, 37) which extends through the piston (6) and which is closable by a check valve (38, 39, 41) being present between the cylinder chambers (26, 32) which communicate with a respective port (8, 18) and are separated from one by the piston (6), it being possible for the pressure between the two cylinder chambers to be equalized by way of the latter line when the piston (6) is energized by way of its first end face (7) with the pressure medium at working pressure, such line being closed by the check valve (38, 39, 41) when the piston (6) is pressurized only by way of its second end face (32), characterised in that the check valve (38, 39, 41) in the communicating line (34, 36, 38) is in known manner so controlled in dependence upon pressure as always to be open when the piston (6) experiences working pressure on its first end face (7), the communicating line (34, 36, 38) comprising, in addition to the part (34) which extends through the piston (6) as a bore, two parts (36, 37) which extend in the piston rod (4) and which are each in the form of a bore, one (the first) part (36) which is adjacent the piston (6) extending in the direction of the piston rod (4) and being in alignment with the part (34) extending through the piston (6) while the other (second) part (37) extends radially of the piston rod (4) and connects the first part (36) to the annular chamber (32), the check valve (38 - 40) being disposed in those communicating lines parts (34, 36) of the piston (6) and piston rod (4) which are near one another.
2. A unit (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the check valve (38, 39, 41) is embodied in known manner by a ball (39) and a compression spring (41), the compression spring (41) bearing at one end in a widened bore part (36') of the first communicating line part (36) of the piston rod (4) and bearing at its other end on the ball (39) and pressing the same towards the first piston end face (7) on to a ball seat (38) of the piston (6) when the same is pressurized by way of its second end face (33).
3. A unit (1) according to claim 2, characterised in that the biasing or preloading of the spring (4) is variable.
4. A unit according to claim 3, characterised in that in response to pressurisation of the first piston end face (7) the ball (39) engages a second ball seat with resilient deformation of the spring (41), the second seat being formed with a slot- like aperture which, when the ball (39) engages the second ball seat, enables pressure medium to flow through the communicating line parts (36, 37) present in the piston rod (4).
EP83111456A 1983-08-25 1983-11-16 Piston-cylinder assembly Expired EP0151650B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83111456T ATE37932T1 (en) 1983-08-25 1983-11-16 PISTON-CYLINDER UNIT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3330670A DE3330670A1 (en) 1983-08-25 1983-08-25 DOUBLE-ACTING PISTON-CYLINDER UNIT
DE3330670 1983-08-25

Publications (3)

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EP0151650A2 EP0151650A2 (en) 1985-08-21
EP0151650A3 EP0151650A3 (en) 1985-10-30
EP0151650B1 true EP0151650B1 (en) 1988-10-12

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US (1) US4633665A (en)
EP (1) EP0151650B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE37932T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3330670A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0151650A2 (en) 1985-08-21
ATE37932T1 (en) 1988-10-15
EP0151650A3 (en) 1985-10-30
DE3330670A1 (en) 1985-03-14
DE3378224D1 (en) 1988-11-17
US4633665A (en) 1987-01-06

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