EP0150566A2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen feuerfester Gegenstände - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen feuerfester Gegenstände Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0150566A2
EP0150566A2 EP84307132A EP84307132A EP0150566A2 EP 0150566 A2 EP0150566 A2 EP 0150566A2 EP 84307132 A EP84307132 A EP 84307132A EP 84307132 A EP84307132 A EP 84307132A EP 0150566 A2 EP0150566 A2 EP 0150566A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mandrel
carbon
braided
preform
rods
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84307132A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0150566A3 (de
Inventor
Frank S. Inman
Donald V. Lushis
Donald C. Giedt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ATK Launch Systems LLC
Original Assignee
Morton Thiokol Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Morton Thiokol Inc filed Critical Morton Thiokol Inc
Publication of EP0150566A2 publication Critical patent/EP0150566A2/de
Publication of EP0150566A3 publication Critical patent/EP0150566A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C3/00—Braiding or lacing machines
    • D04C3/02—Braiding or lacing machines with spool carriers guided by track plates or by bobbin heads exclusively
    • D04C3/08—Braiding or lacing machines with spool carriers guided by track plates or by bobbin heads exclusively with means for superimposing threads or braids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/24—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least three directions forming a three dimensional structure
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
    • D04C1/06—Braid or lace serving particular purposes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C3/00—Braiding or lacing machines
    • D04C3/40—Braiding or lacing machines for making tubular braids by circulating strand supplies around braiding centre at equal distances
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C3/00—Braiding or lacing machines
    • D04C3/48—Auxiliary devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
    • F02K9/97—Rocket nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3097—Cosmonautical vehicles; Rockets
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
    • D10B2403/02411—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties with a single array of unbent yarn, e.g. unidirectional reinforcement fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for making refractory articles. More particularly the invention relates to a method of and apparatus for making carbon fiber reinforced composite components for thrust nozzles of rocket motors.
  • Solid propellant rocket motors produce gases under high pressure having temperatures of the order of about 6,000°F (3,316°C). These gases contain both erosive and corrosive combustion products.
  • the combustion product pass through the nozzle throat at sonic velocities and through the exit cone at supersonic velocities.
  • the exhaust gases impinge upon the surfaces of the thrust nozzle with the full impact of the heat, erosiveness, and pressure almost immediately upon ignition of the rocket motor.
  • the materials of the nozzle and of the throat especially, must be capable of withstanding such a severe environment.
  • a general object of the invention is to provide an improved method of and apparatus for mechanically fabricating a fiber preform for refractory articles such that the fibers are interlocked and thus contribute to an integral unit with a shape conforming to the desired final product.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a braided fiber preform for a refractory article comprising a combination of a plurality of layers of a triaxial braid of carbon fibers and a plurality of closely spaced carbon rods each of which is oriented at a substantial angle to the plane of an associated cell of the braided layers.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a preform for a refractory article by braiding a plurality of layers of carbon fibers over a rigid mandrel of varying cross-sectional shape to obtain an automatic conformal fitting of the braided fabric to the discrete mandrel shape with a radial component of the fiber struture being provided by a plurality of closely spaced carbon rods that extend radially from the mandrel surface and around which the carbon fibers are braided.
  • a more specific object of the invention is to provide an improved method of and apparatus for making rocket motor nozzles that are relatively inexpensive, light weight, and impervious to the temperatures and erosiveness produced by combustion of the latest, high-performance rocket motor propellants.
  • the invention may be employed to produce many types of refractory articles, it has particular usefulness in producing throats and/or exit cones for rocket motor nozzles. Since these are annular structures, they can be formed on the surface of a central rigid mandrel.
  • the mandrel may be made of low-density, high-temperature resistant material.
  • rods of carbon fibers are partially inserted into the mandrel, perpendicular to the center line or axis and uniformly distributed over the surface thereof. The rods extend radially with respect to the mandrel, being spaced close together, and provide the radial component of the fiber structure.
  • Oblique carbon or graphite fibers are then passed alternately over and under similar longitudinal fibers, and around the rods, to produce a braided pattern comprising a repetition of unit cells having a 4-D fiber architecture. Layers of fibers are braided upon the mandrel in this pattern until the desired thickness is attained for the finished fiber preform.
  • the fiber preform is rigidized on the mandrel by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) carbon infiltration. This process yields a rigid porous carbon fiber structure bonded together with the CVD carbon.
  • the rigidized preform is then redensified to the final required density.
  • CVD chemical vapor deposition
  • the fiber preform and mandrel are impregnated with a thermo-setting material in a vacuum. Following such impregnation, the preform and mandrel are subjected to heat and pressure to produce graphitization. This process is repeated until the braided structure has the desired density. It is then machined where necessary to achieve the dimensions and finish of the required final product.
  • the mandrel can be removed by machining at any time after the braided structure has acquired sufficient strength to withstand the temperature and pressure of further processing.
  • the invention has particular utility in the production of throats and exit cones of rocket motor nozzles.
  • the throat and exit cone may be formed separately or as an integrated whole.
  • a mandrel 10 of a high-temperature resistant, low-density material is formed on a central shaft 11.
  • a mandrel 10 of a high-temperature resistant, low-density material is formed on a central shaft 11.
  • Fiber Materials, Inc. Biddeford Industrial Park, Biddeford, Maine 04005 under the trademark "Fiber Form.” It is essentially a felt-like material made of carbon fibers coated with a resin.
  • the mandrel 10 is rigid and is made in the approximate shape desired for the inner surface of the resulting rocket nozzle. It is made somewhat smaller than the desired surface, however, to allow for a final machine finishing of the product to be formed thereon.
  • Short carbon rods 12 are partially inserted into the surface of the mandrel 10 so that they extend radially therefrom to a uniform length that is approximately the same as the desired thickness of the product to be formed. This insertion of the rods 12 can be effected manually after locations for the rods 12 have been marked on the surface of the mandrel 10, or if desired, it can be effected by mechanical means.
  • a useful device for facilitating mechanical insertion of the carbon rods 12 is a long tray 13.
  • This tray 13 is essentially a flat plate or bar having an edge 14 that is shaped to fit the axial or longitudinal external contour of the mandrel 10.
  • the edge 14 contains a row of holes 15 that are slightly larger in diameter than the rods 12 and are spaced apart with the spacing desired for the rods 12 in the mandrel 10.
  • the depth of the holes 15 may be slightly greater than the thickness of the wall of the resulting rocket nozzle.
  • a carbon rod 12 is inserted in each hole 15.
  • An entire, longitudinal row of the rods 12 can be installed in the mandrel 10 simultaneously and with considerable precision, simply by pressing the loaded tray 13 against the mandrel 10 until the edge 14 of the tray 13 is in contact therewith.
  • the mandrel 10 is then rotated through the desired angular increment and the process is repeated, until all of the rods 12 are installed in the mandrel 10.
  • This method of installing the rods 12 in the mandrel 10 insures uniformity of rod spacing and also uniformity of the radial extent, or length, of the rods 12 from the surface of the mandrel 10.
  • Carbon or graphite fibers in the form of roving or tow are braided on the surface of the mandrel 10 around the radial rods 12 in contact therewith in a triaxial braid by a conventional braiding machine 16, as illustrated in Fig. 3.
  • the carbon fiber strands, in forming a unit cell of the braid are applied to the mandrel surface and a carbon rod 12 in groups or sets of three, each from its individual carrier or spool.
  • Each group of three has a longitudinal or axial strand 17 which is directed in the plane of the axis of mandrel 10, and two oblique strands 18 and 19 of the same nature as the strand 17.
  • Strands 18 and 19 alternately pass over and under the longitudinal strands 17.
  • Strand 17, as shown in Fig. 4 is drawn from a spool 20, and strands 18 and 19 are drawn from spools 21 and 22, respectively.
  • Unit cells of the completed contoured preformed and layered construction obtained in this manner are illustrated in Fig. 6 wherein the braided fiber preform is seen to have a 4-D physical characteristic.
  • the oblique strands 18 are directed along an axis designated (X l )
  • the oblique strands 19 are directed along an axis designated (X 2 )
  • the strands 17 are directed along an axis designated Y, the axes (X l ), (X 2 ) and Y being in substantially the same plane.
  • the carbon rods 12, on the other hand, are directed along an axis designated (Z) that is substantially perpendicular with respect to the plane of the axes (X l ), (X 2 ) and (Y) of each unit cell.
  • strands 18 are oblique in one sense with respect to the longitudinal strands 17 and the strands 19 are oblique in an opposite sense with respect to the strands 17.
  • strand 18 will be referred to hereinafter as being oblique clockwise with respect to strand 17 and strand 19 as oblique counterclockwise with respect to strand 17.
  • a braiding machine 16 that may be employed for effecting such a triaxial braid on the surface of mandrel 10 and around the radially positioned carbon rods 12 on the surface thereof is a braider manufactured by New England Butt Company, 304 Pearl Street, Buffalo, Rhode Island 02907, and modified by Albany International Research Company, Route 128 at U.S. 1, Dedham, Massachusetts 02026.
  • An illustration of this type of braiding machine is the illustration on page 15 of the Albany International Annual Report for 1979.
  • Machine 16 is a 144 spool braider with 72 axial elements and includes a carriage and drive spool unit 23 and a reversing ring 24.
  • spindles or holders for the sets of carbon fiber braid spools 21 and 22 are movable and are made to traverse undulating circular paths in the opposite directions around the outer periphery of the machine.
  • the holders for the sets of spools 20 which provide the longitudinal or axial fibers or strands 17 are stationary and are mounted parallel to and slightly below the rotating set of holders for spools 21 and 22.
  • the timing of the crossovers of spools 21 and 22 is such that the carbon fiber strands 18 and 19 from the spools interlace with each other and with the carbon fiber strand 17 from the longitudinal spool 20 to form a continuous tubular fabric or braided preform, the braid being triaxial in character.
  • a braided structure is produced that is similar to a conventional woven fabric.
  • This type of triaxial braided structure in combination with the radially positioned and closely space carbon rods 12 provides a braided structure having a four-dimensional (4-D) characteristic.
  • This braided structure has been found to have particular utility in the fabrication of rocket motor nozzles and other types of refractory articles.
  • the spools or carriers revolve in a horizontal plane, and the direction of fabric production is vertical. While this is satisfactory for the production of flexible materials that are to be wound up on a take-up package, it is very inconvenient for braiding over a mandrel for the production of rigid components.
  • the braiding machine 16 as shown in Fig. 3, has been rotated through 90° so that the plane of rotation of the spools 20, 21 and 22 is vertical and the long axis of the mandrel 10, as represented by the shaft 11, is horizontal. This facilitates the design of the mandrel holding and traversing mechanisms, and minimizes the limitations on the length of the braided article that can be produced.
  • the maximum diameter of the component that can be accommodated in the braider 16, positioned as shown, is set by the geometry of carrier bed and the guides for the carbon fiber strands. In an operative embodiment of the invention, braiding over mandrels that are up to ten feet long (3.05 meters) and sixty inches (1.58 meters) in diameter may be effected.
  • the extent of coverage that can be achieved in a single pass through the braider is determined by interrelated factors such as the diameter of the mandrel 10 or other workpiece, the rate of traverse, the helix angle of the movable carrier fibers, and the width of the fibers as they lie in the workpiece subsequent to fabric formation.
  • this latter parameter is controlled by both the linear density of the yarn and the amount of twist in the yarn. That is to say, a low twist yarn is able to flatten out and to give a cross-sectional aspect ratio of up to 10:1, which ensures high transverse coverage and low thickness. A yarn with twist is not able to accept this type of cross-sectional distortion and a thicker fabric results.
  • the braiding is done with a tensile stress of about 0.25 pounds (113.6 grams) on each of the sets of carbon strands 17, 18 and 19 to ensure proper density.
  • Several different "state of the art” methods are available for increasing the density of the completed braid or braided preform on the mandrel 10. This step of increasing the density of the braided preform has been referred to in the art by the terms "densifying,” “densification” and “redensification.”
  • the term “redensification” will be used herein as descriptive of a process for increasing the density of the braided preform to a value more nearly the same as that of the carbon fibers of which the preform is made, it being desirable to attain a density of 1.9 for the preform.
  • a rigidization process may be employed to stabilize the geometry of the braided preform prior to redensification.
  • Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of carbon into the porous fiber preform is preferred because no carbonization of a thermoset resin matrix is required.
  • a preform density of 0.9 to 1.0 gm./cm. 3 is adequate.
  • the mandrel tends to shrink non-isotropically during the carbonization of the pitch impregnant, thus allowing the braided preform to distort prior to completion of the carbonization cycle.
  • the rigidization tends to bond the 4-D braided structure together at the various fiber cross over points, consequently preserving the "as braided" shape during the subsequent redensification process.
  • the CVD process is illustrated in Fig. 6A.
  • the braided fiber preform 25 and mandrel 10 are positioned in a CVD autoclave indicated at 25a.
  • the autoclave 25a comprises a steel vacuum shell 25b, water cooling means 25c, induction coils 25d, and a susceptor 25e.
  • Methane (CH 4 ) and diluent gas (N 2 , H 2 , etc.) are introduced into the autoclave 25a through suitable inlet means such as a tube 25f.
  • the temperature within the autoclave 25a is increased by the energization of the induction coils 25d to a level of about 1100°C., a thermocouple 25g being provided in cooperation with suitable electrical control means (not shown) for controlling the energization of the induction coils 25d.
  • the methane and diluent gas diffuses into the structure and deposits carbon. Typically, about 100 hours are required to obtain the desired degree of rigidization.
  • LOPIC Low Pressure Impregnation and Carbonization
  • HPIC High Pressure Impregnation and Carbonization
  • CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
  • the LOPIC process uses pressures of 5,000 pounds per square inch (psi) or less and can accommodate pitch, resin or a pitch/resin blend for the raw impregnant. Multiple graphitization cycles (about eight) are required to get a 1.9 density, phenolic resins usually being used for the later cycles.
  • the HIPIC process requires a 15,000 psi impregnation/carbonization and fewer (about four) graphitization cycles to get a density of 1.9.
  • coal tar pitch is used.
  • CVD redensification is used for thin wall structures because a density gradient usually results in thicker sections. It is also used as a seal coat on carbon-carbon components.
  • the LOPIC and HIPIC redensification methods both have comparable advantages of "graphitizable material” and "good carbon yield.”
  • the HIPIC method requires fewer graphitization cycles to get a desirable density of 1.9 for the final product, and shorter manufacturing lead times. Also, there is a lower probability of processing damage or loss.
  • the most advantageous method of obtaining a fully densified rocket motor nozzle is the HIPIC method.
  • the braided fiber preform 25 has been completed, the portions of the shaft 11 that protrude from the mandrel 10 are removed, as by machining, and the braided fiber preform 25 and mandrel 10 are placed in a stainless steel container 26, as illustrated in Fig. 7.
  • Container 26, in turn, is placed in a vacuum chamber 27 where it is filled under a vacuum pressure of about 40 torr with a hot coal tar pitch at a temperature of about 325°F. (163°C.) from a hot pitch transfer container 28 until the pitch level is about two inches above the height of mandrel 10.
  • the stainless steel container 26 is then removed from the vacuum chamber 27 and a stainless steel lid 29 therefore is tack-welded thereon. It is then placed in an autoclave 30, as shown in Fig. 8, for about 48 hours. During this time the mandrel 10 and its layers of braiding 25 are subjected to a pressure of about 15,000 pounds per square inch (1,057 kilograms per square centimeter). Simultaneously, the temperature is gradually increased at a rate of about 50°C. per hour until a temperature of about 700°C. is reached. The temperature is maintained at 700°C. for two hours and is then gradually decreased. This process converts the impregnated pitch to coke and forms the mandrel 10 and the braided fiber preform 25 into a billet 31.
  • the stainless steel container 26 is then removed from the autoclave 30, and billet 31 is removed from the container 26. Excess coke is removed from the billet 31, which is then placed in a vacuum furnace 32 having an argon atmosphere under a vacuum pressure of about 40 torr. There the billet 31 is graphitized for about 80 hours. During this time, the temperature is gradually increased until a temperature of 2,500°C. is reached. After a period of two hours at this temperature, the billet 31 is allowed to cool for about 36 hours.
  • This entire process, beginning with pitch impregnation of the billet 31, may be repeated until the desired density of the braided fiber preform 25 is attained.
  • the braided preform 25 attains a density of 1.30 grams/cc in the first cycle of the process, 1.55 grams/cc in the second, 1.80 grams/cc in the third, and 1.90 grams/cc in the fourth repetition or cycle.
  • the mandrel 10 is usually removed from the billet 24 by machining after the second repetition of the densification process, thereby to produce a billet 31, as shown in Fig. 11.
  • the billet 31 is machined as required to produce the integral monolithic throat section 33 and exit cone 34 of the nozzle of a rocket motor, as illustrted in Fig. 12.
  • the method and apparatus in the illustrated embodiment involving an annular structure, comprises the mechanical fabrication on a mandrel of a plural layer triaxial fiber braid containing carbon rods oriented in the radial direction thereby forming a 4-D structure wherein the braided fibers and rods are interlocked and contribute to an integral unit with a shape conforming to the desired final product.
  • Rigidization of the fiber preform on the mandrel is effected by chemical vapor deposition of carbon into the porous preform.
  • the fiber preform and mandrel are impregnated with pitch in a vacuum, and then subjected to heat and pressure to produce graphitization.
  • the billet that is thus formed is machined to achieve the desired dimensions and finish of the final product.
  • the mandrel may be removed from the billet by machining at any time after the braided fiber and rod structure has acquired sufficient strength to withstand the temperature and pressure of further processing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
EP84307132A 1983-11-16 1984-10-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen feuerfester Gegenstände Withdrawn EP0150566A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/552,565 US4519290A (en) 1983-11-16 1983-11-16 Braided preform for refractory articles and method of making
US552565 1995-11-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0150566A2 true EP0150566A2 (de) 1985-08-07
EP0150566A3 EP0150566A3 (de) 1987-08-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84307132A Withdrawn EP0150566A3 (de) 1983-11-16 1984-10-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen feuerfester Gegenstände

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Country Link
US (1) US4519290A (de)
EP (1) EP0150566A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS60126360A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2608574A1 (fr) * 1986-12-22 1988-06-24 Gen Electric Materiau de renforcement quadridirectionnel d'un objet de forme conique, son procede de fabrication et produit obtenu
FR2624426A1 (fr) * 1987-12-14 1989-06-16 Foster Miller Inc Structure et procede pour renforcer une structure composite
EP0471605A1 (de) * 1990-08-14 1992-02-19 AEROSPATIALE Société Nationale Industrielle Vorrichtung zum thermischen Schutz der inneren Wand einer einem ablativen Gasstrom unterworfenen hohlen Struktur und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US5597611A (en) * 1990-10-01 1997-01-28 Fiber Materials, Inc. Reinforced carbon composites
WO2010085794A3 (en) * 2009-01-26 2010-09-30 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Atraumatic stent and method and apparatus for making the same
RU2478819C1 (ru) * 2012-01-11 2013-04-10 Открытое Акционерное Общество "Уральский научно-исследовательский институт композиционных материалов" Способ изготовления вкладыша с соплом жидкостного ракетного двигателя
US9155643B2 (en) 2010-04-30 2015-10-13 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Apparatus and method for manufacturing a single wire stent

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4741873A (en) * 1986-04-15 1988-05-03 Kaiser Aerotech, A Division Of Sowa & Sons Method for forming rigid composite preforms
US5540949A (en) * 1986-04-24 1996-07-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Method for cutting threads in a carbon-carbon structure
US4690850A (en) * 1986-06-06 1987-09-01 K-2 Corporation Fiber reinforced braided ski core and method and apparatus for making same
JP2648711B2 (ja) * 1986-11-07 1997-09-03 株式会社 ペトカ ピッチ系炭素繊維三次元織物の製造法
US4997501A (en) * 1986-12-22 1991-03-05 General Electric Company Material for four directional reinforcement of conical shaped object, method for fabricating same and object formed therewith
US4729925A (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-03-08 Eastman Kodak Company Polyurethane elastomers comprising a charge-control agent and shaped elements therefrom
US4751135A (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-06-14 General Electric Company Method for reinforcing conical shaped object and object formed therewith
US4777860A (en) * 1987-07-06 1988-10-18 Dana Corporation Braiding nose
US4847063A (en) * 1987-12-02 1989-07-11 Fiber Materials, Inc. Hollow composite body having an axis of symmetry
US4885973A (en) * 1988-12-14 1989-12-12 Airfoil Textron Inc. Method of making composite articles
US6324833B1 (en) 1990-04-24 2001-12-04 Cordant Technologies, Inc. Reinforced composite articles and method of making same
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