EP0150487B1 - Hydraulic press for pressing glass fibre reinforced mats of synthetic resin - Google Patents
Hydraulic press for pressing glass fibre reinforced mats of synthetic resin Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0150487B1 EP0150487B1 EP84116218A EP84116218A EP0150487B1 EP 0150487 B1 EP0150487 B1 EP 0150487B1 EP 84116218 A EP84116218 A EP 84116218A EP 84116218 A EP84116218 A EP 84116218A EP 0150487 B1 EP0150487 B1 EP 0150487B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- press
- clamping
- stroke
- hydraulic press
- coupling rod
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
- B30B1/32—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by plungers under fluid pressure
- B30B1/323—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by plungers under fluid pressure using low pressure long stroke opening and closing means, and high pressure short stroke cylinder means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hydraulic press for pressing plastic mats reinforced with glass fibers into molded parts, with a fixed and a displaceable press crossmember and a press drive in which at least one adjusting cylinder with a stroke length corresponding to the working stroke of the press and at least two for driving the displaceable press crossmember Couplable press cylinders are arranged short strokes, a coupling rod and clamping means being used to couple each press cylinder to the displaceable press crossmember.
- this press has four press cylinders, each of which is firmly connected to the coupling rod with its piston rod.
- each coupling rod is coupled to the displaceable press crossmember with clamping means which are accommodated in the displaceable press crossmember.
- Such a press stroke drive which is advantageous in itself, is not particularly suitable for retrofitting in a press.
- the invention has for its object to design a press of the type mentioned in such a way that its press stroke drive is also more suitable for retrofitting in a press.
- each press cylinder has a hollow lifting body through which the coupling rod is guided, and that a clamping device is arranged on the lifting body for coupling the lifting body to the coupling rod.
- Each clamping device preferably contains a clamping sleeve to which a pressure medium can be applied.
- Each lifting body is formed in a clamping area of the clamping sleeve with a plurality of longitudinal slots.
- each tensioning device can also be equipped with a plurality of ring tensioning elements.
- each clamping device is advantageously arranged between two ring pistons that can be pressurized with a pressure medium.
- a hydraulic press 1 contains a press frame 2 with a fixed press crossmember 3, two side parts 4, 5 and two crossbars 6, 7. Screws 8, 9 connect the side parts 4, 5 with the fixed press crossmember 3 and the crossbars 6, 7.
- the two side parts 4, 5 each have two vertical guides 10, 11, 12, 13 for guiding a displaceable press crossmember 14.
- an adjusting cylinder 15 with a stroke length 17 corresponding to the working stroke 16 of the press 1 and four press cylinders 18, 19, 20, 21 with short strokes 22 are used.
- the adjusting cylinder 15 is articulated with its upper end 23 to a support 24 resting on the crossbars 6, 7. Its lower end 25 is articulated to the displaceable press crossmember 14.
- Each press cylinder 18, 19, 20, 21 has a housing flange 26, 27, 28, 29 which is fixedly connected to the fixed press crossmember 3.
- the arrangement of the press cylinders 18, 19, 20, 21 is symmetrical to the press centers 30, 31.
- Each press cylinder 18, 19, 20, 21 has a hollow lifting body 32, 33, 34, 35 with a piston 36, 37, 38, 39 and a cylindrical through-bore 40, 41, 42, 43.
- a coupling rod 44, 45, 46, 47 with a round cross section is connected through each lifting body 32, 33, 34, 35 to the displaceable press crossmember 14.
- each lifting body 32, 33, 34, 35 there is a hydraulic clamping device 48, 49, 50, 51, each with a clamping sleeve 52, 53, 54, 55.
- all lifting bodies 32, 33, 34, 35 are each provided with eight longitudinal slots 56, 57, 58, 59.
- the coupling of the lifting bodies 32, 33, 34, 35 to the coupling rods 44, 45, 46, 47 is achieved by pressurizing the annular spaces 60, 61, 62, 63 with oil.
- the clamping sleeve 54 essentially braces the lifting body 34 with the coupling rod 46 in the region of the longitudinal slots 58.
- the press crossmember 14 can then be moved within the short stroke 22.
- a hydraulic press 64 contains a press frame 65 in which four vertical guides 66, 67, 68, 69 are arranged for guiding a displaceable press crossmember 70.
- Two adjusting cylinders 71, 72 with a stroke length 74 corresponding to the working stroke 73 of the press 64 and four press cylinders 75, 76, 77, 78 short strokes 79 are used to drive the displaceable press crossmember 70.
- Each adjusting cylinder 71, 72 is articulated with its upper end 80, 81 to a support 82, 83 connected to the press frame 65.
- the lower end 84, 85 of each adjusting cylinder 71, 72 is connected in an articulated manner to the displaceable press crossmember 70 via a bearing 86, 87.
- Each press cylinder 75, 76, 77, 78 has a housing flange 88, 89, 90, 91 which is fixedly connected to the press frame 65.
- the arrangement of the adjusting cylinders 71, 72 and the press cylinders 75, 76, 77, 78 is symmetrical to the press centers 92, 93.
- Each press cylinder 75, 76, 77, 78 has a hollow lifting body 94, 95, 96, 97 with a piston 98, 99, 100, 101 and a cylindrical through bore 102, 103, 104, 105.
- a coupling rod 106, 107, 108, 109 of round cross-section is connected through each lifting body 94, 95, 96, 97 to the displaceable press crossmember 70.
- a clamping device 110, 111, 112, 113, each with three ring clamping elements 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, is located on each lifting body 94, 95, 96, 97.
- each clamping device 110, 111, 112, 113 are each arranged between two ring pistons 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133.
- the coupling of the lifting bodies 94, 95, 96, 97 to the coupling rods 106, 107, 108, 109 is achieved by applying pressure oil to the annular pistons 126 to 133.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine hydraulische Presse zum Verpressen von mit Glasfasern verstärkten Kunststoffmatten zu Formteilen, mit einer festen und einer verschiebbaren Pressentraverse sowie einem Pressenantrieb, bei der zum Antrieb der verschiebbaren Pressentraverse mindestens ein Verstellzylinder mit einer dem Arbeitshub der Presse entsprechenden Hublänge und mindestens zwei ankuppelbare Preßzylinder kurzen Hubs angeordnet sind, wobei zum Kuppeln eines jeden Preßzylinders an die verschiebbare Pressentraverse eine Kupplungsstange und Spannmittel eingesetzt sind.The invention relates to a hydraulic press for pressing plastic mats reinforced with glass fibers into molded parts, with a fixed and a displaceable press crossmember and a press drive in which at least one adjusting cylinder with a stroke length corresponding to the working stroke of the press and at least two for driving the displaceable press crossmember Couplable press cylinders are arranged short strokes, a coupling rod and clamping means being used to couple each press cylinder to the displaceable press crossmember.
Eine Presse der vorgenannten Art ist durch die US-A-4 304 450 bekannt.A press of the aforementioned kind is known from US-A-4 304 450.
Zur Erzeugung des Preßhubs besitzt diese Presse vier Preßzylinder, von denen jeder mit seiner Kolbenstange fest an die Kupplungsstange angeschlossen ist.To generate the press stroke, this press has four press cylinders, each of which is firmly connected to the coupling rod with its piston rod.
Hierbei erfolgt das Kuppeln jeder Kupplungsstange an die verschiebbare Pressentraverse mit Spannmitteln, die in der verschiebbaren Pressentraverse untergebracht sind.Here, each coupling rod is coupled to the displaceable press crossmember with clamping means which are accommodated in the displaceable press crossmember.
Ein solcher an sich vorteilhafter Preßhubantrieb ist für den nachträglichen Einbau in eine Presse nicht besonders gut geeignet.Such a press stroke drive, which is advantageous in itself, is not particularly suitable for retrofitting in a press.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Presse der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß deren Preßhubantrieb auch für den nachträglichen Einbau in eine Presse besser geeignet ist.The invention has for its object to design a press of the type mentioned in such a way that its press stroke drive is also more suitable for retrofitting in a press.
Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß jeder Preßzylinder einen hohlen Hubkörper aufweist, durch den die Kupplungsstange geführt ist, und daß zum Kuppeln des Hubkörpers an die Kupplungsstange eine Spannvorrichtung auf dem Hubkörper angeordnet ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that each press cylinder has a hollow lifting body through which the coupling rod is guided, and that a clamping device is arranged on the lifting body for coupling the lifting body to the coupling rod.
Vorzugsweise enthält jede Spannvorrichtung eine mit einem Druckmedium beaufschlagbare Spannhülse. ,Each clamping device preferably contains a clamping sleeve to which a pressure medium can be applied. ,
Jeder Hubkörper ist in einem Spannbereich der Spannhülse mit mehreren Längsschlitzen ausgebildet.Each lifting body is formed in a clamping area of the clamping sleeve with a plurality of longitudinal slots.
Es kann auch in Ausgestaltung des Erfindungsgedankens jede Spannvorrichtung mit mehreren Ringspannelementen ausgerüstet sein.In an embodiment of the inventive concept, each tensioning device can also be equipped with a plurality of ring tensioning elements.
Die Ringspannelemente einer jeden Spannvorrichtung sind dabei vorteilhaft zwischen zwei mit einem Druckmedium beaufschlagbaren Ringkolben angeordnet.The ring clamping elements of each clamping device are advantageously arranged between two ring pistons that can be pressurized with a pressure medium.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung, in der zwei Ausführungsbeispiele schematisch dargestellt sind, näher beschrieben.The invention is described in more detail below with reference to a drawing in which two exemplary embodiments are shown schematically.
Es zeigen
- Fig. 1 eine hydraulische Presse in Ansicht als erstes Ausführungsbeispiel,
- Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht der Presse in Richtung des Pfeiles A in Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3 einen Teilschnitt durch die Presse entsprechend der Linie lll-lll in Fig. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab,
- Fig. 4 einen Schnitt entsprechend der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3,
- Fig. 5 eine hydraulische Presse in Ansicht als zweites Ausführungsbeispiel,
- Fig. 6 eine Seitenansicht der Presse in Richtung des Pfeiles B in Fig. 5,
- Fig. 7 einen Teilschnitt durch die Presse entsprechend der Linie VII-VII in Fig. 5 in vergrößertem Maßstab.
- 1 is a hydraulic press in view as the first embodiment,
- 2 is a side view of the press in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 1,
- 3 shows a partial section through the press along the line III-III in FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale,
- 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3,
- 5 is a hydraulic press in view as a second embodiment,
- 6 is a side view of the press in the direction of arrow B in Fig. 5,
- Fig. 7 is a partial section through the press along the line VII-VII in Fig. 5 on an enlarged scale.
Eine hydraulische Presse 1 enthält ein Pressengerüst 2 mit einer festen Pressentraverse 3, zwei Seitenteilen 4, 5 und zwei Querriegeln 6, 7. Schrauben 8, 9 verbinden die Seitenteile 4, 5 mit der festen Pressentraverse 3 und den Querriegeln 6, 7.A
Die beiden Seitenteile 4, 5 weisen je zwei senkrechte Führungen 10, 11, 12,13 zum Führen einer verschiebbaren Pressentraverse 14 auf.The two
Zum Antrieb der verschiebbaren Pressentraverse 14 werden ein Verstellzylinder 15 mit einer dem Arbeitshub 16 der Presse 1 entsprechenden Hublänge 17 und vier Preßzylinder 18,19,20,21 kurzen Hubs 22 benutzt.To drive the
Der Verstellzylinder 15 ist mit seinem oberen Ende 23 an einem auf den Querriegeln 6, 7 ruhenden Auflager 24 gelenkig aufgehängt. Sein unteres Ende 25 ist gelenkig an die verschiebbare Pressentraverse 14 angeschlossen.The adjusting
Jeder Preßzylinder 18, 19, 20, 21 hat einen Gehäuseflansch 26, 27, 28, 29, der mit der festen Pressentraverse 3 fest verbunden ist.Each
Die Anordnung der Preßzylinder 18, 19, 20, 21 ist symmetrisch zu den Pressenmitten 30, 31.The arrangement of the
Jeder Preßzylinder 18, 19, 20, 21 besitzt einen hohlen Hubkörper 32, 33, 34, 35 mit einem Kolben 36, 37, 38, 39 und einer zylindrischen Durchgangsbohrung 40,41,42,43.Each
Durch jeden Hubkörper 32, 33, 34, 35 ist jeweils eine an die verschiebbare Pressentraverse 14 angeschlossene Kupplungsstange 44, 45, 46, 47 runden Querschnitts geführt.A
Auf jedem Hubkörper 32, 33, 34, 35 befindet sich jeweils eine hydraulische Spannvorrichtung 48, 49, 50, 51 mit je einer Spannhülse 52, 53, 54, 55.On each
In dem mittleren Spannbereich der Spannhülsen 52, 53, 54, 55 sind alle Hubkörper 32, 33, 34, 35 mit je acht Längsschlitzen 56, 57, 58, 59 versehen.In the middle clamping area of the
Das Kuppeln der Hubkörper 32, 33, 34, 35 an die Kupplungsstangen 44, 45, 46, 47 wird erreicht durch Druckölbeaufschlagung der Ringräume 60, 61, 62,63.The coupling of the
Dabei verspannt gemäß Fig. 3 die Spannhülse 54 im wesentlichen im Bereich der Längsschlitze 58 den Hubkörper 34 mit der Kupplungsstange 46. Durch Beaufschlagung des Kolbens 38 kann dann die Pressentraverse 14 innerhalb des kurzen Hubes 22 verfahren werden.3, the
Eine hydraulische Presse 64 enthält gemäß Fig. 5 und 6 einen Pressenrahmen 65, in dem vier senkrechte Führungen 66, 67, 68, 69 zum Führen einer verschiebbaren Pressentraverse 70 angeordnet sind.5 and 6, a
Zum Antrieb der verschiebbaren Pressentraverse 70 werden zwei Verstellzylinder 71, 72 mit einer dem Arbeitshub 73 der Presse 64 entsprechenden Hublänge 74 und vier Preßzylinder 75, 76, 77, 78 kurzen Hubs 79 benutzt.Two adjusting
Jeder Verstellzylinder 71, 72 ist jeweils mit seinem oberen Ende 80, 81 an einem mit dem Pressenrahmen 65 verbundenen Auflager 82, 83 gelenkig aufgehängt. Das untere Ende 84,85 eines jeden Verstellzylinders 71, 72 ist jeweils über ein Lager 86, 87 gelenkig an die verschiebbare Pressentraverse 70 angeschlossen.Each adjusting
Jeder Preßzylinder 75, 76, 77, 78 hat einen Gehäuseflansch 88, 89, 90, 91, der mit dem Pressenrahmen 65 fest verbunden ist.Each
Die Anordnung der Verstellzylinder 71, 72 und der Preßzylinder 75, 76, 77, 78 ist symmetrisch zu den Pressenmitten 92, 93.The arrangement of the adjusting
Jeder Preßzylinder 75, 76, 77, 78 besitzt einen hohlen Hubkörper 94, 95, 96, 97 mit einem Kolben 98, 99, 100, 101 und einer zylindrischen Durchgangsbohrung 102, 103, 104, 105.Each
Durch jeden Hubkörper 94, 95, 96, 97 ist jeweils eine an die verschiebbare Pressentraverse 70 angeschlossene Kupplungsstange 106, 107, 108,109 runden Querschnitts geführt.A
Auf jedem Hubkörper 94, 95, 96, 97 befindet sich jeweils eine Spannvorrichtung 110, 111, 112, 113 mit je drei Ringspannelementen 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125.A
Die Ringspannelemente 114 bis 125 einer jeden Spannvorrichtung 110, 111, 112,113 sind jeweils zwischen zwei Ringkolben 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131,132,133 angeordnet.The
Das Kuppeln der Hubkörper 94, 95, 96, 97 an die Kupplungsstangen 106, 107,108,109 wird erreicht durch Beaufschlagung der Ringkolben 126 bis 133 mit Drucköl.The coupling of the
Dabei wird gemäß Fig. 7 durch Aufeinanderzubewegen der Ringspannelemente 120, 122 der Hubkörper 96 im wesentlichen im Bereich des Ringspannelementes 121 mit der Kupplungsstange 108 verspannt und gekuppelt. Durch Beaufschlagung des Kolbens 100 kann dann die Pressentraverse 70 innerhalb des kurzen Hubes 79 verfahren werden.7, by moving the
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT84116218T ATE36133T1 (en) | 1984-01-28 | 1984-12-22 | HYDRAULIC PRESS FOR PRESSING FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC MATS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3403006 | 1984-01-28 | ||
DE3403006A DE3403006C2 (en) | 1984-01-28 | 1984-01-28 | Hydraulic press for pressing plastic mats reinforced with glass fibers |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0150487A2 EP0150487A2 (en) | 1985-08-07 |
EP0150487A3 EP0150487A3 (en) | 1985-10-16 |
EP0150487B1 true EP0150487B1 (en) | 1988-08-03 |
Family
ID=6226198
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84116218A Expired EP0150487B1 (en) | 1984-01-28 | 1984-12-22 | Hydraulic press for pressing glass fibre reinforced mats of synthetic resin |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4565517A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0150487B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS60242020A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE36133T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3403006C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3432286C1 (en) * | 1984-09-01 | 1985-08-22 | Hoesch Ag, 4600 Dortmund | Hydraulic press |
DE3523164C1 (en) * | 1985-06-28 | 1986-11-20 | G. Siempelkamp Gmbh & Co, 4150 Krefeld | Hydraulic press, in particular for producing compression moulded parts from fibre-reinforced plastic |
DE3538683A1 (en) * | 1985-10-31 | 1987-05-07 | Hennecke Gmbh Maschf | CLOSING UNIT FOR MOLDING TOOLS, IN PARTICULAR, FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYURETHANE MOLDED PARTS |
IT1222998B (en) * | 1986-11-04 | 1990-09-12 | Dieffenbacher Gmbh Maschf | QUICK STROKE HYDRAULIC PRESS |
DE3637544A1 (en) * | 1986-11-04 | 1988-05-05 | Dieffenbacher Gmbh Maschf | Hydraulic high-speed lifting press |
US4744848A (en) * | 1987-02-02 | 1988-05-17 | Rhj Products, Inc. | Method of forming a contoured shape |
US4907959A (en) * | 1987-04-02 | 1990-03-13 | Mts Systems Corporation | Hydraulic press having integrated column clamps and actuators |
ATE55086T1 (en) * | 1987-05-07 | 1990-08-15 | Graebener Theodor Pressensyst | PRESS, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF DIMENSIONAL PRESSINGS FROM POWDER MATERIALS, AND METHOD FOR OPERATION OF SUCH PRESS. |
IT1211575B (en) * | 1987-12-03 | 1989-11-03 | Fiat Auto Spa | VERTICAL PRESS FOR THE MOLDING OF PLASTIC MATERIALS PARTICULARLY THERMO-HARD PLASTIC MATERIALS |
US5129817A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1992-07-14 | Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. | Gripper bushing assembly for an apparatus for making plastic articles |
US5230911A (en) * | 1991-10-21 | 1993-07-27 | Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. | Clamp mechanism employing a brake unit |
US6261505B1 (en) | 1999-05-06 | 2001-07-17 | Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. | Friction tiebar clamp |
CN1332794C (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-08-22 | 章金华 | Hydraulic machine for producing grass mat and its grass mat production method |
CN100460175C (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2009-02-11 | 向泽银 | Grass cushion full hydraulic forming machine and preparation method thereof |
CN103072164A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-05-01 | 重庆市江津区渝铁竹帘加工厂 | Integral grass support molding device |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1479804A1 (en) * | 1965-02-05 | 1969-06-26 | Verwaltungsgesellschaft Moelle | Hydraulic single-purpose press for the production of plastic pressed parts |
DE1529931B2 (en) * | 1965-09-09 | 1971-03-18 | Fischbach. Alfred, 5252 Runderoth | MOLD CLAMPING AND MOLD HOLDING DEVICE FOR AN INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE |
US3531966A (en) * | 1968-04-25 | 1970-10-06 | Verson Allsteel Press Co | Hydraulic press |
DE6750643U (en) * | 1968-08-27 | 1969-01-09 | Griebel Gmbh & Co Kommanditges | ROUND PILLAR GUIDE, IN PARTICULAR FOR PRESS BRAKES |
US3599289A (en) * | 1968-10-02 | 1971-08-17 | Umberto Girola | Mold-closing apparatus for molding machine |
DE1901946A1 (en) * | 1969-01-13 | 1972-03-02 | Wilhelm Cyriax | Form grinding device, especially for die casting and injection molding machines for metals and plastics |
DE6930136U (en) * | 1969-07-29 | 1969-12-04 | Karl Hehl | CLAMPING UNIT FOR THE MOLD OF A PLASTIC PROCESSING MACHINE |
CA959215A (en) * | 1969-12-09 | 1974-12-17 | Katashi Aoki | Injection molding process and apparatus |
US3890081A (en) * | 1971-08-02 | 1975-06-17 | Litton Industrial Products | Injection holding machine clamp mechanism |
US4029457A (en) * | 1974-06-17 | 1977-06-14 | Toshiba Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha | Molding machine |
DE2605734C3 (en) * | 1976-02-13 | 1978-07-20 | Hasco-Normalien Hasenclever & Co, 5880 Luedenscheid | Injection mold with mold jaws |
US4304540A (en) * | 1980-09-15 | 1981-12-08 | Hammon Carl K | Hydraulic press |
-
1984
- 1984-01-28 DE DE3403006A patent/DE3403006C2/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-22 AT AT84116218T patent/ATE36133T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-12-22 EP EP84116218A patent/EP0150487B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-22 DE DE8484116218T patent/DE3473126D1/en not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-01-28 JP JP60012731A patent/JPS60242020A/en active Granted
- 1985-01-28 US US06/695,390 patent/US4565517A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE36133T1 (en) | 1988-08-15 |
EP0150487A2 (en) | 1985-08-07 |
EP0150487A3 (en) | 1985-10-16 |
JPH0579487B2 (en) | 1993-11-02 |
DE3473126D1 (en) | 1988-09-08 |
US4565517A (en) | 1986-01-21 |
JPS60242020A (en) | 1985-12-02 |
DE3403006A1 (en) | 1985-08-08 |
DE3403006C2 (en) | 1986-03-06 |
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