EP0147693B1 - Broadband polarisation filter - Google Patents

Broadband polarisation filter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0147693B1
EP0147693B1 EP19840114869 EP84114869A EP0147693B1 EP 0147693 B1 EP0147693 B1 EP 0147693B1 EP 19840114869 EP19840114869 EP 19840114869 EP 84114869 A EP84114869 A EP 84114869A EP 0147693 B1 EP0147693 B1 EP 0147693B1
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Prior art keywords
section
hollow conductor
broadband
branch
cross
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0147693A2 (en
EP0147693A3 (en
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Norbert Dr.-Ing. Nathrath
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Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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Daimler Benz Aerospace AG
Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
    • H01P1/161Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a broadband polarization filter for the separation of orthogonally linearly polarized electromagnetic waves, as described in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a broadband polarization switch is known from DE-OS 26 51 935.
  • This consists of an input-side waveguide section of square cross section, in which preferably H10 and H01 waves are to be guided. With regard to their field strength vectors, these are polarized linearly and orthogonally to one another.
  • rectangular coupling windows are embedded in two mutually opposite walls of the waveguide section, the length of which corresponds to the side length of the square waveguide cross section and the width of which is half of this.
  • a waveguide arm of the same rectangular cross-section branches off from these coupling windows, at a right angle to the main direction given by the longitudinal axis of the waveguide section, these two laterally branching waveguide arms then merging into one broadband branch after interposition of elbows.
  • the elbows are 180 ° and 90 ° elbows, which are curved in two mutually perpendicular planes. The path of the two coupled-out shafts thus initially runs in a plane perpendicular to the main direction mentioned, in order then to be deflected in a direction parallel to the main direction by means of the two 90 ° elbows.
  • the square waveguide section continues as a continuous waveguide arm, namely below Reduction of its initially square cross-section to a rectangular cross-section of half the cross-sectional area while maintaining one side length.
  • a separating structure is arranged inside it, which essentially consists of a thin, flat sheet metal and is oriented perpendicular to the waveguide walls having the coupling windows. This sheet ends in a tip in the direction of the waveguide section on the input side and serves as a barrier for the polarization components to be coupled into the lateral waveguide arms.
  • the cross-sectional area of the lateral waveguide arms initially corresponds to half the square cross-sectional area of the waveguide section on the input side. Following the two 90 ° elbows, a square cross-section is created again by combining the two waveguide arms, which is then reduced to the original rectangular cross-section of the individual waveguide arm by means of a low-reflection transition.
  • the known broadband polarization crossover it is possible, for example, to cleanly separate the two orthogonal fundamental waves of the type H 1 or H 1, over a wide frequency range.
  • An important area of application of such broadband polarization switches is the communication via satellites. It is still important for parts to be carried by satellites that they are designed to be as space-saving and light as possible, as is the case here with the feed systems for satellite microwave antennas.
  • the known broadband polarization filter is not yet the optimum.
  • due to the relatively wide protruding sides that branch off from the coupling windows Waveguide arms make the overall arrangement bulky and space-consuming.
  • the radius of curvature of the 180 ° elbow can of course not be reduced arbitrarily and the area occupied perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide section on the inlet side by the branching waveguide arms is a multiple of the square cross section on the inlet side.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a broadband polarizing switch of the type mentioned at the outset, which is of more compact construction and therefore has a smaller space requirement without the electrical properties being impaired thereby.
  • this object is achieved in that the lateral waveguide arms branch off from the waveguide section at an acute angle, are guided approximately parallel to the main direction given by the longitudinal axis of the waveguide section after switching on an E-plane bend, and after switching on another one , S-shaped E-level manifold converge in the broadband branch, and that the continuous waveguide arm is offset from the main direction by means of an S-shaped E-level manifold in parallel before the broadband branching.
  • the waveguide section on the input side and the two waveguide arms branching off from it laterally are now guided up to and including their union in the broadband branching in the same plane.
  • This and due to the fact that the two waveguide arms now branch off at an acute angle with respect to the main direction mentioned it is achieved that the Overall arrangement turns out much slimmer and the space requirement perpendicular to the main direction is significantly reduced. Only the continuous waveguide arm, since it runs directly to the broadband branch in which the two laterally branched waveguide arms converge, has to be guided out of the above-mentioned plane with the help of an S-shaped E-plane elbow and past the broadband branch .
  • the rectangular cross-sectional area of the laterally branching waveguide arms is reduced over their length with low-reflection transitions to a quarter of the cross-sectional area of the waveguide section on the input side.
  • a rectangular cross section is then created, which is equal to the halved square cross-sectional area of the waveguide section and at the same time represents a standard waveguide cross section.
  • the broadband polarization switch 1 shown in top and side views in FIGS. 1a and 1b has a waveguide section 4 on the input side, the square cross section of which is indicated on the left in FIG. 1b (side length a).
  • this waveguide section for example, the fundamental waves of the type H 1 and H 1, which are orthogonally linearly polarized with respect to one another, are capable of propagation (indicated on the left in FIG. 1 b).
  • rectangular coupling windows 11 are embedded in two opposite walls of the waveguide section 4. These take up the entire height a of the waveguide wall.
  • both lateral waveguide arms 2, 3 merge into S-shaped E-plane elbows 7 and unite in a broadband junction 8, giving an output cross section for one polarization that is equal to half the square cross section on the input side (standard waveguide cross section).
  • the waveguide section 4 on the input side is continued behind the coupling windows 11 as a continuous waveguide arm 9. Without a change in direction, the latter would directly meet the broadband junction 8, which lies in the same plane with the two waveguide arms 2, 3 on the side and the waveguide section on the input side, with respect to the respective central axes.
  • an S-shaped E-level elbow 10 through which the continuous waveguide arm 9 is led out of the above-mentioned level, that is to say is practically offset parallel to the main direction given by the longitudinal axis 6.
  • the two rectangular cross sections on the output side for the two now separate, orthogonally polarized waves are shown. These two initial cross sections each form half Cross-sectional area of the square cross-section on the input side and are rotated by 90 ° relative to one another.
  • the distance c between the two exits can of course be considerably reduced compared to the dimensioning shown in FIG. 1b by choosing a flatter S-shaped bend 10.
  • the total width of the polarization switch given by the laterally protruding waveguide arms 2 and 3 can also be reduced in comparison to the illustration in FIG. 1a, in that the E-plane elbow 5 is positioned directly behind the respective coupling window 11.
  • the broadband polarization filter according to the invention is a geometrically very slim arrangement and is therefore designed to be considerably cheaper in terms of space requirements than the known arrangement of DE-OS 26 described at the outset 51 935. It should be emphasized that this is not bought with any deterioration in the electrical properties. Rather, in addition to the compact and space-saving geometry, a broadband separation of orthogonal, linearly polarized waves is possible with good adaptation.
  • the angle ⁇ , at which the lateral waveguide arms 2, 3 branch off, is in principle not fixed from the outset, but can be adapted to the requirements in any configuration within limits.
  • conductive pins can be arranged in a known manner, in particular parallel to the E-vector of the shaft passing through, the position and dimensioning of which influence the adaptation of the shaft passing through. Furthermore, these pins reduce the formation of higher wave types in this waveguide area.
  • a planar separating structure 12 oriented in the form of a thin sheet, which is oriented perpendicular to the e-vector of the passing wave, can be arranged, which separates the coupling structure laterally through the coupling window Shaft lock function.
  • a planar separating structure 12 oriented in the form of a thin sheet, which is oriented perpendicular to the e-vector of the passing wave, can be arranged, which separates the coupling structure laterally through the coupling window Shaft lock function.
  • several sheets arranged symmetrically one above the other can also be provided. Because of their small thickness, these sheets have almost no influence on the shaft passing through.

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  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Breitband-Polarisationsweiche für die Trennung von orthogonal linear polarisierten elektromagnetischen Wellen, wie sie im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 näher beschrieben ist.The invention relates to a broadband polarization filter for the separation of orthogonally linearly polarized electromagnetic waves, as described in the preamble of claim 1.

Eine derartige Breitband-Polarisationsweiche ist aus der DE-OS 26 51 935 bekannt. Diese besteht aus einem eingangsseitigen Hohlleiterabschnitt quadratischen Querschnitts, in dem bevorzugt H₁₀- sowie H₀₁-Wellen geführt werden sollen. Diese sind bezüglich ihrer Feldstärkevektoren linear und orthogonal zueinander polarisiert. Um beide Polarisationen voneinander trennen zu können, sind in zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Wänden des Hohlleiterabschnittes rechteckige Koppelfenster eingelassen, deren Länge der Seitenlänge des quadratischen Hohlleiterquerschnitts entspricht und deren Breite die Hälfte davon beträgt. Von diesen Koppelfenstern zweigt jeweils ein Hohlleiterarm desselben rechteckigen Querschnitts ab, und zwar unter einem rechten Winkel gegen die durch die Längsachse des Hohlleiterabschnittes gegebene Hauptrichtung, wobei sich diese beiden seitlich abzweigenden Hohlleiterarme dann nach Zwischenschaltung von Krümmern in einer gemeinsamen Breitbandverzweigung vereinigen. Bei den Krümmern handelt es sich um je einen 180°- und einen 90°-Krümmer, die in zwei senkrecht aufeinanderstehenden Ebenen gekrümmt sind. Damit verläuft der Weg der beiden ausgekoppelten Wellen zunächst in einer zu der erwähnten Hauptrichtung senkrechten Ebene, um dann mittels der beiden 90°-Krümmer in eine zur Hauptrichtung parallele Richtung umgelenkt zu werden. Hinter den Koppelfenstern setzt sich der quadratische Hohlleiterabschnitt als durchlaufender Hohlleiterarm fort, und zwar unter Verminderung seines zunächst quadratischen Querschnitts auf einen Rechteckquerschnitt der halben Querschnittsfläche, wobei eine Seitenlänge beibehalten wird. Zu Beginn dieses durchlaufenden Hohlleiterarmes, d.h. hinter den Koppelfenstern, ist in dessen Innerem eine Trennstruktur angeordnet, die im wesentlichen aus einem dünnen, ebenen Blech besteht und senkrecht zu den die Koppelfenster aufweisenden Hohlleiterwänden orientiert ist. Dieses Blech läuft in Richtung zum eingangsseitigen Hohlleiterabschnitt hin in einer Spitze aus und dient als Sperre für die in die seitlichen Hohlleiterarme einzukoppelnden Polarisationsanteile. Die Querschnittsfläche der seitlichen Hohlleiterarme entspricht zunächst der Hälfte der quadratischen Querschnittsfläche des eingangsseitigen Hohlleiterabschnitts. Im Anschluß an die beiden 90°-Krümmer entsteht durch Vereinigung der beiden Hohlleiterarme zunächst wieder ein quadratischer Querschnitt, der dann mittels eines reflexionsarmen Übergangs auf den ursprünglichen Rechteckquerschnitt des einzelnen Hohlleiterarms vermindert wird.Such a broadband polarization switch is known from DE-OS 26 51 935. This consists of an input-side waveguide section of square cross section, in which preferably H₁₀ and H₀₁ waves are to be guided. With regard to their field strength vectors, these are polarized linearly and orthogonally to one another. In order to be able to separate the two polarizations from one another, rectangular coupling windows are embedded in two mutually opposite walls of the waveguide section, the length of which corresponds to the side length of the square waveguide cross section and the width of which is half of this. A waveguide arm of the same rectangular cross-section branches off from these coupling windows, at a right angle to the main direction given by the longitudinal axis of the waveguide section, these two laterally branching waveguide arms then merging into one broadband branch after interposition of elbows. The elbows are 180 ° and 90 ° elbows, which are curved in two mutually perpendicular planes. The path of the two coupled-out shafts thus initially runs in a plane perpendicular to the main direction mentioned, in order then to be deflected in a direction parallel to the main direction by means of the two 90 ° elbows. Behind the coupling windows, the square waveguide section continues as a continuous waveguide arm, namely below Reduction of its initially square cross-section to a rectangular cross-section of half the cross-sectional area while maintaining one side length. At the beginning of this continuous waveguide arm, ie behind the coupling windows, a separating structure is arranged inside it, which essentially consists of a thin, flat sheet metal and is oriented perpendicular to the waveguide walls having the coupling windows. This sheet ends in a tip in the direction of the waveguide section on the input side and serves as a barrier for the polarization components to be coupled into the lateral waveguide arms. The cross-sectional area of the lateral waveguide arms initially corresponds to half the square cross-sectional area of the waveguide section on the input side. Following the two 90 ° elbows, a square cross-section is created again by combining the two waveguide arms, which is then reduced to the original rectangular cross-section of the individual waveguide arm by means of a low-reflection transition.

Mit der bekannten Breitband-Polarisationsweiche ist es möglich, beispielsweise die beiden orthogonalen Grundwellen vom Typ H₁₀ bzw. H₀₁ sauber voneinander zu trennen, und zwar über einen breiten Frequenzbereich. Ein wichtiger Anwendungsbereich derartiger Breitband-Polarisationsweichen stellt der Nachrichtenverkehr über Satelliten dar. Nach wie vor kommt es bei von Satelliten mitzuführenden Teilen darauf an, daß diese möglichst platzsparend und leicht ausgeführt werden, so auch im vorliegenden Falle bei den Speisesystemen für Satelliten-Mikrowellenantennen. In dieser Hinsicht stellt die bekannte Breitband-Polarisationsweiche noch nicht das Optimum dar. Insbesondere durch die seitlich relativ weit ausladenden, von den Koppelfenstern abzweigenden Hohlleiterarme wird die Gesamtanordnung sperrig und vom Raumbedarf her aufwendig. Der Krümmungsradius der 180°-Krümmer kann naturgemäß nicht beliebig verringert werden und die senkrecht zur Längsachse des eingangsseitigen Hohlleiterabschnittes von den abzweigenden Hohlleiterarmen beanspruchte Fläche beträgt ein Vielfaches des eingangsseitigen quadratischen Querschnittes.With the known broadband polarization crossover, it is possible, for example, to cleanly separate the two orthogonal fundamental waves of the type H 1 or H 1, over a wide frequency range. An important area of application of such broadband polarization switches is the communication via satellites. It is still important for parts to be carried by satellites that they are designed to be as space-saving and light as possible, as is the case here with the feed systems for satellite microwave antennas. In this regard, the known broadband polarization filter is not yet the optimum. In particular, due to the relatively wide protruding sides that branch off from the coupling windows Waveguide arms make the overall arrangement bulky and space-consuming. The radius of curvature of the 180 ° elbow can of course not be reduced arbitrarily and the area occupied perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the waveguide section on the inlet side by the branching waveguide arms is a multiple of the square cross section on the inlet side.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Breitband-Polarisationsweiche der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, die kompakter gebaut ist und daher einen geringeren Raumbedarf aufweist, ohne daß dadurch die elektrischen Eigenschaften verschlechtert würden.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a broadband polarizing switch of the type mentioned at the outset, which is of more compact construction and therefore has a smaller space requirement without the electrical properties being impaired thereby.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß die seitlichen Hohlleiterarme jeweils von dem Hohlleiterabschnitt unter einem spitzen Winkel abzweigen, nach Einschaltung eines E-Ebenen-Krümmers zu der durch die Längsachse des Hohlleiterabschnittes gegebenen Hauptrichtung in etwa parallel geführt sind und nach Einschaltung eines weiteren, S-förmigen E-Ebenen-Krümmers in der Breitbandverzweigung zusammenlaufen, und daß der durchlaufende Hohlleiterarm vor der Breitbandverzweigung mittels eines S-förmigen E-Ebenen-Krümmers gegenüber der Hauptrichtung parallel versetzt ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the lateral waveguide arms branch off from the waveguide section at an acute angle, are guided approximately parallel to the main direction given by the longitudinal axis of the waveguide section after switching on an E-plane bend, and after switching on another one , S-shaped E-level manifold converge in the broadband branch, and that the continuous waveguide arm is offset from the main direction by means of an S-shaped E-level manifold in parallel before the broadband branching.

Im Gegensatz zu der durch die bekannte Breitband-Polarisationsweiche gegebenen Anordnung sind nunmehr der eingangsseitige Hohlleiterabschnitt sowie die von diesem seitlich abzweigenden beiden Hohlleiterarme bis einschließlich zu deren Vereinigung in der Breitbandverzweigung in derselben Ebene geführt. Hierdurch und aufgrund der Tatsache, daß die beiden Hohlleiterarme nunmehr unter einem spitzen Winkel gegenüber der erwähnten Hauptrichtung abzweigen, wird erreicht, daß die Gesamtanordnung wesentlich schlanker ausfällt und der Flächenbedarf senkrecht zur Hauptrichtung erheblich vermindert ist. Lediglich der durchlaufende Hohlleiterarm muß, da er direkt auf die Breitbandverzweigung, in der die beiden seitlich abgezweigten Hohlleiterarme zusammenlaufen, zuläuft, vor Erreichen derselben mit Hilfe eines S-förmigen E-Ebenen-Krümmers aus der erwähnten Ebene heraus- und an der Breitbandverzweigung vorbeigeführt werden.In contrast to the arrangement provided by the known broadband polarization switch, the waveguide section on the input side and the two waveguide arms branching off from it laterally are now guided up to and including their union in the broadband branching in the same plane. This and due to the fact that the two waveguide arms now branch off at an acute angle with respect to the main direction mentioned, it is achieved that the Overall arrangement turns out much slimmer and the space requirement perpendicular to the main direction is significantly reduced. Only the continuous waveguide arm, since it runs directly to the broadband branch in which the two laterally branched waveguide arms converge, has to be guided out of the above-mentioned plane with the help of an S-shaped E-plane elbow and past the broadband branch .

In zweckmäßiger Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, die rechteckige Querschnittsfläche der seitlich abzweigenden Hohlleiterarme über ihre Länge hin mit reflexionsarmen Übergängen auf ein Viertel der Querschnittsfläche des eingangsseitigen Hohlleiterabschnittes zu vermindern. Durch die Zusammenführung der beiden Hohlleiterarme in der Breitbandverzweigung entsteht dann ein Rechteckquerschnitt, der der halbierten quadratischen Querschnittsfläche des Hohlleiterabschnittes gleichkommt und gleichzeitig einen Normhohlleiterquerschnitt darstellt. Analog hierzu wird vorgeschlagen, den Querschnitt des durchlaufenden Hohlleiterarms mittels eines reflexionsarmen Übergangs in einen Rechteckquerschnitt überzuführen, der der halbierten Querschnittsfläche des quadratischen Hohlleiterabschnitts entspricht. Ausgangsseitig liegen dann zwei Hohlleiterausgänge vor, die beide denselben rechteckigen Querschnitt, nämlich die Hälfte des ursprünglichen quadratischen Querschnitts, aufweisen, jedoch um 90° gegeneinander verdreht sind.In an expedient development of the invention, it is provided that the rectangular cross-sectional area of the laterally branching waveguide arms is reduced over their length with low-reflection transitions to a quarter of the cross-sectional area of the waveguide section on the input side. By merging the two waveguide arms in the broadband branching, a rectangular cross section is then created, which is equal to the halved square cross-sectional area of the waveguide section and at the same time represents a standard waveguide cross section. Analogously to this, it is proposed to convert the cross section of the continuous waveguide arm into a rectangular cross section by means of a low-reflection transition, which corresponds to the halved cross-sectional area of the square waveguide section. On the output side there are then two waveguide outputs, both of which have the same rectangular cross section, namely half of the original square cross section, but are rotated by 90 ° with respect to one another.

Der gesamte Raumbedarf der vorgeschlagenen Anordnung ist ersichtlich wesentlich geringer als der der bekannten Anordnung, womit jedoch keinerlei Verschlechterung der elektrischen Eigenschaften verbunden ist.The total space requirement of the proposed arrangement is evidently significantly less than that of the known arrangement, but this does not involve any deterioration in the electrical properties.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Abbildungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen in schematischer Weise:

Fig.1a
eine Breitband-Polarisationsweiche gemäß der Erfindung in Draufsicht,
Fig.1b
die Breitband-Polarisationsweiche der Fig.1a in Seitenansicht,
Fig.2
eine Trennstruktur in dem durchlaufenden Hohlleiterarm.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of the figures. They show in a schematic way:
Fig.1a
a broadband polarization switch according to the invention in plan view,
Fig.1b
the broadband polarization switch of Fig.1a in side view,
Fig. 2
a separation structure in the continuous waveguide arm.

Die in den Fig.1a und 1b in Drauf- bzw. Seitenansicht gezeigte Breitband-Polarisationsweiche 1 weist einen eingangsseitigen Hohlleiterabschnitt 4 auf, dessen quadratischer Querschnitt in Fig.1b links angedeutet ist (Seitenlänge a). In diesem Hohlleiterabschnitt sind beispielsweise die Grundwellen vom Typ H₁₀ sowie H₀₁, die zueinander orthogonal linear polarisiert sind, ausbreitungsfähig (in Fig.1b links angedeutet). Um diese beiden Wellen sauber, d.h. mit vollständiger Entkopplung voneinander zu trennen, sind in zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Wänden des Hohlleiterabschnitts 4 rechteckige Koppelfenster 11 eingelassen. Diese nehmen die gesamte Höhe a der Hohlleiterwand ein. Von jedem dieser Koppelfenster zweigt seitlich unter einem Winkel α gegen die durch die Längsachse des Hohlleiterabschnitts 4 gegebene Richtung ein im Querschnitt rechteckförmiger Hohlleiterarm 2 bzw. 3 ab. Dieser soll vorzugsweise die Breite b = a/2 besitzen, woraus sich für die Breite eines Koppelfensters der Wert b/sin α ergibt. Kurz nach der Abzweigung der seitlichen Hohlleiterarme 2, 3 münden diese jeweils in einen E-Ebenen-Krümmer 5 ein, durch den die Abweichung um den Winkel α gegenüber der Längsachse 6 des Hohlleiterabschnittes 4 wieder rückgängig gemacht wird. Die seitlichen Hohlleiterarme 2 bzw. 3 verlaufen danach annähernd parallel zur Richtung der Längsachse 6. Gleichzeitig wird ihr Querschnitt durch reflexionsarme Übergänge, beispielsweise Exponential- oder Stufenübergänge, unter Beibehaltung der Höhe a halbiert, und zwar auf die Breite b/2. Schließlich gehen beide seitlichen Hohlleiterarme 2, 3 in S-förmige E-Ebenen-Krümmer 7 über und vereinigen sich in einer Breitbandverzweigung 8, wodurch ein Ausgangsquerschnitt für die eine Polarisation gegeben ist, der gleich der Hälfte des eingangsseitigen quadratischen Querschnittes ist (Normhohlleiterquerschnitt).The broadband polarization switch 1 shown in top and side views in FIGS. 1a and 1b has a waveguide section 4 on the input side, the square cross section of which is indicated on the left in FIG. 1b (side length a). In this waveguide section, for example, the fundamental waves of the type H 1 and H 1, which are orthogonally linearly polarized with respect to one another, are capable of propagation (indicated on the left in FIG. 1 b). In order to separate these two waves cleanly, ie with complete decoupling, rectangular coupling windows 11 are embedded in two opposite walls of the waveguide section 4. These take up the entire height a of the waveguide wall. A waveguide arm 2 or 3 with a rectangular cross section branches off from each of these coupling windows laterally at an angle α against the direction given by the longitudinal axis of the waveguide section 4. This should preferably have the width b = a / 2, which gives the value b / sin α for the width of a coupling window. Shortly after the lateral waveguide arms 2, 3 branch off, they each open into an E-plane elbow 5, through which the deviation by the angle α relative to the longitudinal axis 6 of the waveguide section 4 is reversed is made. The lateral waveguide arms 2 and 3 then run approximately parallel to the direction of the longitudinal axis 6. At the same time, their cross section is halved by low-reflection transitions, for example exponential or step transitions, while maintaining the height a, namely to the width b / 2. Finally, both lateral waveguide arms 2, 3 merge into S-shaped E-plane elbows 7 and unite in a broadband junction 8, giving an output cross section for one polarization that is equal to half the square cross section on the input side (standard waveguide cross section).

Wie schon aus Fig.1a ersichtlich, wird der eingangsseitige Hohlleiterabschnitt 4 hinter den Koppelfenstern 11 als durchgehender Hohlleiterarm 9 weitergeführt. Ohne Richtungsänderung würde letzterer direkt auf die Breitbandverzweigung 8 treffen, die mit den beiden seitlichen Hohlleiterarmen 2, 3 sowie dem eingangsseitigen Hohlleiterabschnitt in derselben Ebene liegt, und zwar bezüglich der jeweiligen Mittelachsen. Wie aus Fig.1b zu entnehmen ist, wird der durchlaufende Hohlleiterarm 9 zunächst durch einen reflexionsarmen Übergang vom quadratischen Querschnitt des eingangsseitigen Hohlleiterabschnittes 4 unter Beibehaltung einer Seite a in einen Rechteckquerschnitt mit der anderen Seite b = a/2 überführt. Es schließt sich ein S-förmiger E-Ebenen-Krümmer 10 an, durch den der durchlaufende Hohlleiterarm 9 aus der oben erwähnten Ebene herausgeführt, d.h. praktisch bezüglich der durch die Längsachse 6 gegebenen Hauptrichtung parallel versetzt wird. Rechts in Fig. 1b sind die beiden ausgangsseitigen Rechteckquerschnitte für die beiden nunmehr getrennten, orthogonal polarisierten Wellen dargestellt. Diese beiden Ausgangsquerschnitte bilden jeweils die halbe Querschnittsfläche des eingangsseitigen quadratischen Querschnitts und sind um 90° gegeneinander verdreht. Der Abstand c zwischen den beiden Ausgängen kann selbstverständlich gegenüber der in Fig.1b dargestellten Dimensionierung durch Wahl eines flacheren S-förmigen Krümmers 10 erheblich verringert werden. Auch die durch die seitlich ausladenden Hohlleiterarme 2 und 3 gegebene Gesamtbreite der Polarisationsweiche kann im Vergleich zu der Darstellung der Fig.1a noch verringert werden, und zwar dadurch, daß die E-Ebenen-Krümmer 5 unmittelbar hinter dem jeweiligen Koppelfenster 11 ansetzen.As can already be seen from FIG. 1a, the waveguide section 4 on the input side is continued behind the coupling windows 11 as a continuous waveguide arm 9. Without a change in direction, the latter would directly meet the broadband junction 8, which lies in the same plane with the two waveguide arms 2, 3 on the side and the waveguide section on the input side, with respect to the respective central axes. As can be seen from FIG. 1b, the continuous waveguide arm 9 is first converted by a low-reflection transition from the square cross-section of the input-side waveguide section 4 while maintaining one side a into a rectangular cross-section with the other side b = a / 2. This is followed by an S-shaped E-level elbow 10, through which the continuous waveguide arm 9 is led out of the above-mentioned level, that is to say is practically offset parallel to the main direction given by the longitudinal axis 6. On the right in FIG. 1b, the two rectangular cross sections on the output side for the two now separate, orthogonally polarized waves are shown. These two initial cross sections each form half Cross-sectional area of the square cross-section on the input side and are rotated by 90 ° relative to one another. The distance c between the two exits can of course be considerably reduced compared to the dimensioning shown in FIG. 1b by choosing a flatter S-shaped bend 10. The total width of the polarization switch given by the laterally protruding waveguide arms 2 and 3 can also be reduced in comparison to the illustration in FIG. 1a, in that the E-plane elbow 5 is positioned directly behind the respective coupling window 11.

Aus dem zuvor Geschilderten wird im Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 1a, 1b deutlich, daß die Breitband-Polarisationsweiche gemäß der Erfindung eine geometrisch sehr schlanke Anordnung darstellt und daher bezüglich des Raumbedarfes wesentlich günstiger gestaltet ist als die eingangs geschilderte, bekannte Anordnung der DE-OS 26 51 935. Dabei ist hervorzuheben, daß dies mit keiner Verschlechterung der elektrischen Eigenschaften erkauft wird. Vielmehr wird neben der kompakten und platzsparenden Geometrie eine breitbandige Trennung orthogonaler, linear polarisierter Wellen bei guter Anpassung ermöglicht.From the foregoing, in connection with FIGS. 1a, 1b, it becomes clear that the broadband polarization filter according to the invention is a geometrically very slim arrangement and is therefore designed to be considerably cheaper in terms of space requirements than the known arrangement of DE-OS 26 described at the outset 51 935. It should be emphasized that this is not bought with any deterioration in the electrical properties. Rather, in addition to the compact and space-saving geometry, a broadband separation of orthogonal, linearly polarized waves is possible with good adaptation.

Der Winkel α , unter dem die seitlichen Hohlleiterarme 2, 3 abzweigen, ist von vornherein prinzipiell nicht festgelegt, sondern kann in Grenzen bei jeder Auslegung den Erfordernissen angepaßt werden. In den Koppelfenstern 11 können in bekannter Weise leitende Stifte angeordnet sein, und zwar parallel zum E-Vektor der durchlaufenden Welle, wobei durch deren Lage und Dimensionierung die Anpassung der durchlaufenden Welle beeinflußt wird. Weiterhin vermindern diese Stifte die Entstehung höherer Wellentypen in diesem Hohlleiterbereich.The angle α, at which the lateral waveguide arms 2, 3 branch off, is in principle not fixed from the outset, but can be adapted to the requirements in any configuration within limits. In the coupling windows 11, conductive pins can be arranged in a known manner, in particular parallel to the E-vector of the shaft passing through, the position and dimensioning of which influence the adaptation of the shaft passing through. Furthermore, these pins reduce the formation of higher wave types in this waveguide area.

Wie in Fig.2 gezeigt, kann in der Mittelebene des durchlaufenden Hohlleiterarmes 9 direkt hinter den Koppelfenstern 11 eine senkrecht zum E-Vektor der durchlaufenden Welle orientierte, flächenhafte Trennstruktur 12 in Form eines dünnen Bleches angeordnet sein, welche für die seitlich durch die Koppelfenster ausgekoppelte Welle Sperrfunktion besitzt. Anstelle eines Bleches können auch mehrere symmetrisch übereinander angeordnete Bleche vorgesehen sein. Diese Bleche sind wegen ihrer geringen Dicke für die durchlaufende Welle nahezu ohne Einfluß. Für die erfindungsgemäße Polarisationsweiche erweist es sich als besonders zweckmäßig, die eingangsseitigen Enden der Trennstruktur 12 mit gestuft keilförmiger Spitze auszubilden, und zwar mit dem Keilwinkel 2 α , wie in Fig.2 dargestellt. Durch diese gestufte Spitzenform wird eine besonders gute breitbandige Anpassung der seitlich ausgekoppelten Welle erreicht.As shown in FIG. 2, in the middle plane of the continuous waveguide arm 9, directly behind the coupling windows 11, a planar separating structure 12 oriented in the form of a thin sheet, which is oriented perpendicular to the e-vector of the passing wave, can be arranged, which separates the coupling structure laterally through the coupling window Shaft lock function. Instead of one sheet, several sheets arranged symmetrically one above the other can also be provided. Because of their small thickness, these sheets have almost no influence on the shaft passing through. For the polarization switch according to the invention, it proves particularly expedient to design the ends of the separation structure 12 on the input side with a stepped wedge-shaped tip, specifically with the wedge angle 2 α, as shown in FIG. This stepped tip shape enables particularly good broadband adaptation of the laterally coupled shaft.

Claims (4)

  1. Broadband polarisation branch for separation of orthogonal linear polarised electromagnetic waves, having on the input displacement a hollow conductor section (4) of rectangular or square cross-section, rectangular coupling windows (11) fitted in two opposite locations in its walls and transversely to its longitudinal axis (6), hollow conductor arms (2, 3) of rectangular cross-section branching off laterally from the respective coupling windows and terminating with the inclusion of bends (5, 7) in a common broadband branch (8), in which respect the hollow conductor section (4) at the input displacement continues behind the coupling windows (11) in the axial direction in the form of a continuous hollow conductor arm (9) with a surfaced separating structure (12) arranged in its interior, commencing behind the coupling windows and transversely oriented thereto, characterised in that the respective lateral hollow conductor arms (2, 3) branch off from the respective hollow conductor section (4) at an acute angle (α), are ducted approximately in parallel after the inclusion of an E-plane bend (5) relative to the main direction given by the longitudinal axis (6) of the hollow conductor section (4), and merge after insertion of a further S-shaped E-plane bend (7) in the broadband branch (8), and that the continuous hollow conductor arm (9) in front of the broadband branch (8) is transposed in parallel with the main direction by means of an S-shaped E-plane bend (10).
  2. Broadband polarisation branch according to claim 1, characterised in that the rectangular cross-sections of the lateral hollow conductor arms (2, 3) are reduced over their length having low-reflex transfers to approximately a quarter of the cross-sectional surface of the hollow conductor section (4) on the input side.
  3. Broadband polarisation branch according to claim 1, characterised in that the square cross-section of the hollow conductor section (4) on the input displacement is converted into a rectangular cross-section of halved cross-sectional surface by means of low-reflex transition, in the continuous hollow conductor arm (9) in front of the S-shaped E-plane bend (10).
  4. Broadband polarisation branch according to one of the above claims, characterised in that the separating structure (12) comprises one or more metal plates arranged in parallel relative to each other, which terminate towards the hollow conductor section (4) in a respective stepped wedgeshaped tip.
EP19840114869 1983-12-16 1984-12-06 Broadband polarisation filter Expired - Lifetime EP0147693B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3345689 1983-12-16
DE19833345689 DE3345689A1 (en) 1983-12-16 1983-12-16 BROADBAND POLARIZING SOFT

Publications (3)

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EP0147693A2 EP0147693A2 (en) 1985-07-10
EP0147693A3 EP0147693A3 (en) 1988-03-16
EP0147693B1 true EP0147693B1 (en) 1992-05-13

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EP19840114869 Expired - Lifetime EP0147693B1 (en) 1983-12-16 1984-12-06 Broadband polarisation filter

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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE58033T1 (en) * 1985-03-27 1990-11-15 Siemens Ag POLARIZATION INTERFACE FOR HIGH FREQUENCY TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT.
DE3822981A1 (en) * 1988-07-07 1988-12-22 Kathrein Werke Kg SEMICONDUCTOR POLARIZING SWITCH
DE3824150A1 (en) * 1988-07-16 1989-07-06 Kathrein Werke Kg SEMICONDUCTOR TWIST
ATE130964T1 (en) * 1989-09-28 1995-12-15 Siemens Ag MICROWAVE POLARIZATION SWITCH.
DE4009288C2 (en) * 1990-03-22 1994-03-03 Siemens Ag Rectangular waveguide with E-H double offset

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL133823C (en) * 1960-10-19
US3325751A (en) * 1964-08-04 1967-06-13 Robert M Phillips Means to directionally launch the te01 mode in a circular waveguide from the te10 mode in a rectangular waveguide
DE2521956C3 (en) * 1975-05-16 1978-07-13 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Polarization switch
US4030048A (en) * 1976-07-06 1977-06-14 Rca Corporation Multimode coupling system including a funnel-shaped multimode coupler
DE2651935B2 (en) * 1976-11-13 1980-09-04 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Broadband polarization filter
US4176330A (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-11-27 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Diplexer apparatus
US4467294A (en) * 1981-12-17 1984-08-21 Vitalink Communications Corporation Waveguide apparatus and method for dual polarized and dual frequency signals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3345689C2 (en) 1992-04-09
DE3345689A1 (en) 1985-07-11
EP0147693A2 (en) 1985-07-10
EP0147693A3 (en) 1988-03-16

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