Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2002/8688—Scaffoldings or removable supports therefor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method of constructing external walls of concrete buildings, and to a device comprising prefabricated formwork elements for implementing the method.
• the invention relates more precisely to prefabricated formwork elements, intended for the production of formwork for exterior walls of buildings, to a method of constructing at least one exterior wall of a concrete building and using such prefabricated elements, as well that a device for implementing the method and which comprises, in addition to the prefabricated formwork elements, and for each of some of these prefabricated elements, a device for positioning the corresponding element.
• prefabricated formwork elements which comprise at least one pair of panels, one of which is an interior panel and the other of which is an exterior panel. , which are intended to be held parallel to one another, for example vertically, so as to delimit between them an intermediate space intended to be filled with concrete, by a three-dimensional metal structure for connection and for supporting the panels, each interior panel comprising, on the side of the intermediate space, a coating of a thermally insulating material and, on the side of the interior of the building, an interior coating plate, for example of plaster.
• the thermally insulating coating of the interior panel consists of a plate of uniform thickness of polyurethane foam, while the exterior panel consists of a single sheet or formwork plate, recoverable or lost, the metal structure three-dimensional connection of the interior panel to the exterior panel consisting of substantially parallel rods
• the invention aims at prefabricated formwork elements ensuring at the same time good thermal insulation of the concrete wall poured between these elements, as well as - both inside and outside the building, as well as good resistance to the pressure exerted by concrete against these elements.
• Another object of the invention is to make prefabricated formwork elements which are simple and inexpensive to produce.
• Another object of the invention is to produce prefabricated formwork elements which are adapted to a facilitated mid-position of a concrete reinforcement in the space intermediate between an interior panel and an exterior panel, as well as an easy adjustment of the position of the formwork elements, in particular of their verticality.
• Another object of the invention is to provide prefabricated shuttering elements, some of which are intended to constitute, at least in part, but possibly also entirely, the framework of the building.
• Yet another object of the invention is to provide an advantageous method of constructing exterior walls of concrete buildings, by using the prefabricated formwork elements according to the invention.
• the subject of the invention is a device allowing a rapid, easy, economical and effective implementation of the method according to the invention, by ensuring not only the adjustment of the positioning and the holding in position of the prefabricated co rage elements, but also by simultaneously constituting the framework of a scaffolding mounted along the erected wall or walls and allowing the workforce to carry out the work in excellent conditions.
• the prefabricated shuttering elements are characterized in that the outer panel of each pair of panels also includes, on the side of the intermediate space, a coating of a material thermally insulating and, on the outside of the building, an exterior cladding plate.
• the structure also advantageously comprises posts intended to be placed between adjacent pairs of panels in positions inter ⁇ intermediaries between the inner panels and outer panels, and on which the panels are fixed removable m-way.
• This embodiment therefore allows easy installation of both the interior panels and exterior panels, as well as the easy introduction, between two neighboring panels. Of a concrete iron frame put in place before the latter is poured.
• each reinforcing element of a panel is a substantially horizontal stiffener, which can be provided with hooks for hooking the corresponding panel on two neighboring posts.
• each post is hollow and has at least two flat faces which are each parallel to at least one face, facing the intermediate space, at least one panel removably attached to this post, each flat face of the post presenting lights intended for the hooking of the hooks of the corresponding panels.
• the hooking slots of the hooks of the panels are, on each post, preferably grouped by pairs of lights distributed over the height of the post, in correspondence with the spacings of the stiffeners provided with hooks that comprise the corresponding panels, the two lights of each pair being located on either side of the median plane of the corresponding flat face of the post, to receive the hooks of two adjacent panels.
• each planar face of a post which is turned towards at least one corresponding external panel also has at least one light substantially centered on the median plane of this planar face and intended for attachment to a pole positioning device.
• each hollow post has, on its faces intended to be located in the intermediate space, concrete passage openings, so that each hollow post is intended to be embedded in the concrete
• This advantageous embodiment makes it possible, as soon as the posts corresponding to the different exterior walls of a building are put in place and kept vertical, to lay the frame on the upper ends of the posts, then to lay the cover of the building, so to cover the site on which the concrete can then be poured in the intermediate spaces, while working under shelter.
• each stiffener of the panels is constituted by a reinforcement section of T or L section, a wing of which extends in the face of the thermally insulating coating which is not rounded towards the space. intermediate, and the other wing of which extends in this thermally insulating covering, in the direction of the intermediate space, at least two of the stiffeners of each panel being provided, in the vicinity of each of their two ends, with a anchoring hook substantially perpendicular to the two wings of the stiffener, to which the hook is secured, and this hook has at least one part by which it is hooked to the corresponding post and which projects from the face of the insulating coating which is turned towards the intermediate space.
• the different horizontal stiffeners of the same panel have variable spacings between them, these spacings gradually increasing from the base of the panels to their upper edge.
• the exterior covering plate of these exterior panels is preferably made of a resin reinforced with a weft of fibers. with high mechanical resistance, such as glass fibers, while the thermally insulating coverings of interior and exterior panels can be made
• the method according to the invention for constructing at least one exterior wall of a concrete building, using prefabricated formwork elements specific to the invention and as presented above, is characterized in that it consists:
• the method according to the invention is further characterized in that it consists in carrying out on the slab, before the installation of the posts, studs for centering the posts, then in engaging each post by its base on a corresponding centering stud.
• the device for implementing this method is characterized in that it comprises, in addition to the prefabricated formwork elements presented below and for each post, a device for positioning the corresponding post, this device positioning comprising at least one pole support stay, which removably attaches to the pole and is equipped with a mechanism for adjusting the verticality of the pole comprising at least one jack.
• each forestay comprises at least one upright and at least one cross member, as well as an anchor hook to the corresponding post * , and according to a preferred embodiment, each forestay has a substantially rectangular structure, preferably braced.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of a device according to the invention, comprising prefabricated formwork elements, and spokes in place for the construction of an external vertical wall of a building,
• FIG. 2 schematically represents a partial longitudinal section of FIG. 1, at the level of the attachment of panel stiffeners to a post,
• FIG. 3 represents a schematic view in vertical section and from the side of the elements represented in FIG. 2,
• FIG. 4 schematically shows, partially in section and partially along a side elevation ⁇ a device for adjusting the position of a post, the type shown in Figure 1,
• - Figure 5 shows schematically ent the positions of neighboring posts and the spacings of the stiffeners of the panels
• - Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of a wall after pouring and during setting of the concrete
• the prefabricated shuttering elements comprise pairs of panels each consisting of an interior panel 1 and an exterior panel 2, which are arranged in a vertical position, parallel to one another. other, facing each other and separated by 5 an interspace 3, to 1'aide poles 4 metal ⁇ lic, hollow and of square cross section, arranged vertically on a base slab 5, and against which the interior 1 and exterior 2 panels are removably attached.
• Each interior panel 1 of parallelepiped shape consists of an interior plaster covering 5, of a parallelepiped blo 7- 'uniform thickness, for example 8 cm thick, of polystyrene constituting a thermal insulator and of metal stiffeners and horizontal 8, extending 5 from one side edge to the other. of each panel 1 and embedded in. panel 1.
• Each stiffener -8 is constituted by a length of T-profile, the upper wing 9 of the T extending vertically in the face of the block of polystyrene ⁇ 0 attached to the plaster-covered plate 5, and whose vertical wing 10 of the T extends horizontally in the polystyrene block 7 in directio of the intermediate space 3, as it is. shown in Figures 2 and 3.
• each stiffener 8 is provided with an anchoring hook 11 formed of a metal element of substantially rectangular shape, therefore the width corresponds to the height of the wing 9 of the profile and whose ion ⁇ ueur is greater than the width of the wing 10 of the profile, and this metal element, which is perpendicular to the two wings 9 and 10 of the profile, is also integral with these two wings and extends from the wing 9 towards the intermediate space 3.
• this metal element protrudes relative to the face of the block of expanded polystyrene which is turned towards the intermediate space 3.
• a notch 13, formed in the end 12 and which opens in the lower edge of this gives element 11 the shape of the hook, as shown in FIG. 3.
• Each exterior panel 2, also of parallelepiped shape and having the same length and the same width as the interior panels 1, consists of an exterior coating 14, made of a synthetic resin reinforced with a weft of glass fibers, a parallelepiped block 15 of uniform thickness, for example 8 cm thick, of polystyrene t identical to block 7 of the interior panels 1, and also constituting a thermal insulator, and also of metallic and horizontal stiffeners 8, identical to those of the panels interiors 1 and which will therefore not be described again.
• Each hollow post 4 is a lightened post present in each of its two flat faces turned towards the adjacent intermediate spaces 3, wide openings 16, distributed over the height of the post 4, and in its two other faces, each post 4 has lights 17, for the passage of the ends 12 of the hooks 11.
• FIG. 5 shows the positions occu ⁇ pated by the vertical axes V of the four neighboring posts 4, as well as by the horizontal axes H of the five stiffeners 8 that each of the panels 1 and 2 comprises, for example. which will be exerted on the panels 1 and 2 by the concrete poured into the intermediate spaces 3, which pressure is all the greater the closer we get to the base of the panels 1 and 2, the stiffeners 8 are embedded in the panels 1 and 2 with spacings which decrease from the upper edge of the panels towards their base.
• the two slots 17 of each pair are located on either side of the vertical median plane of the corresponding face of the post 4, so that the hooks 11 of the neighboring ends of two stiffeners of the same level two adjacent interior 1 or exterior 2 panels can be hung each in one of the two slots 17 of the corresponding pair, so that the interior panels 1, on the one hand, and exterior on the other, can be attached to the posts 4 substantially end to end, with small longitudinal clearances 18 and on either side of the posts 4.
• the longitudinal clearances 18 are filled at the interior 6 and exterior coverings 14 by coated joints such as 19 in FIG. 2.
• each of the struts 20 comprises an external mount 21 and an internal upright 22, parallel to each other and perpendicular to a lower cross member 23 and to an upper cross member 24 which connect the two uprights 21 and 22 to each other.
• This rectangular structure is braced by a strut 25 extending on a diagonal between the connection point of the external upright 21 to the upper cross member 24 and the connection corner of the internal upright 22 to the lower cross member 23.
• the upright external 20 is more
• the internal upright 22 and its two ends go beyond the connections to the crosspieces 23 and 24.
• the external upright 21 is supported, by means of an adjustment cylinder 26, for example a mechanical screw jack, on a rigid and rectangular base 27 bearing on the ground for example.
• the lower cross member 23 bears, by its internal end facing the corresponding post 4, against the lateral face of the base slab 5, by means of a second adjustment cylinder 28, which can also be a mechanical screw jack.
• the internal end (facing the corresponding post 4) of the upper crosspiece 24 is shaped into an anchoring hook 29, similar to the hooks 11 of the dissectors 8 of the panels 1 and 2, and which hooks not in one of the slots 17, but in a vertical slot 30, centered substantially on the vertical median plane of the corresponding external planar surface of the post 4, and which is formed substantially in the middle of the height of the post 4,. which corresponds to the standard and normalized height of a storey, or in the upper half of this height.
• the upper crosspieces 24, which are substantially horizonta ⁇ , can be covered with flat and rigid elements such as planks, in order to have a scaffolding, the frame of which is constituted by the props 20, and which is in a suitable position along the formwork thus produced.
• the upper end 31 of the external uprights 21 of the struts 20 can be shaped as a nozzle in which or on which a railing or railing upright of the scaffolding can be fitted.
• WIPO of light 17 for hanging the external panels 2 and the lights 30 for hanging the struts 20 are formed in the two adjacent external faces of a corner post, such as 4 ′, while they are formed in 1_unique_face exter -
• reinforcing elements 33 of concrete iron which are kept in the suitable position by any suitable means.
• Other reinforcing elements 34 can be introduced into the posts 4 and 4 ', like this
• the props 20 can be removed from the posts 4 and 4 ′, which can constitute the framework of the building, and on which it is possible to mount, prior to the pouring of the concrete, the frame and the roofing of the building, in order to benefit from a sheltered site.
• the hooks 11 and the stiffenings 8 of the panels 1, 2 are coated with concrete, so that these panels 1 and 2 are made integral in a manner inseparable from the posts 4 and 4 ′ and the concrete.
• the polystyrene coverings provide excellent thermal insulation outside and inside the wall.
• the expanded polystyrene coatings * panels 1 and 2 may be replaced by polyurethane foam, glass or the like.
• the scaffolding 20 instead of being placed outside the wall to be constructed, can also be placed inside the wall, that is to say on the slab 5.
• the panels 1 and 1B made of expanded polystyrene are spaced from each other by means of cubic studs 40 of expanded polys ⁇ tyrene fixed by gluing to parallel and vertical posts 41A- and 41B also in expanded polystyrene.
• These posts 41A and 41B have a T-shaped section whose heel is turned respectively towards the interior and towards the outside of the wall.
• the heel of these posts 41 and 41B retain the panels 1 and 1B.
• the latter include for this purpose a. shoulder 42A, 42B which covers S r the entire height. heel of posts 41A, 41B.
• holes 43 are provided which pass through the posts 41A and 41B as well as the studs 40.
• holes 43 are introduced metal tubes. These holes 43 serve to fix a scaffolding similar to the scaffolding 20 shown in FIG. 1. This scaffolding keeps the walls vertical and contributes to the rigidity of the assembly.
• the panels 1A and 1B have, on their face adjacent to the space 3 comprised between the panels, grooves 44 of vertical dovetail section. When the concrete is poured into space 3, this concrete enters the dovetail grooves 44, thus making the panels 1A and 1B integral with the concrete when the latter is hardened.
• the formwork described above therefore consists entirely of elements of expanded polystyrene so that it provides a perfectly insulated wall outside and inside.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=9290647

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (1)

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• 1983
  • 1983-07-08 FR FR8311398A patent/FR2548716B1/fr not_active Expired
• 1984
  • 1984-07-06 DE DE8484902593T patent/DE3464078D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1984-07-06 IT IT48520/84A patent/IT1177880B/it active
  • 1984-07-06 WO PCT/FR1984/000169 patent/WO1985000396A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1984-07-06 AU AU31044/84A patent/AU3104484A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1984-07-06 EP EP84902593A patent/EP0147456B1/de not_active Expired
  • 1984-07-06 BR BR8406972A patent/BR8406972A/pt unknown
• 1985
  • 1985-03-08 OA OA58536A patent/OA07962A/xx unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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