Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type

Definitions

• This invention relates to electrochemical cells and in particular to electrochemical cells having an air cathode.
• One conventional form of electrochemical cell for providing electrical power utilizes a lithium anode and an air cathode.
• a limitation on the power developing ability of such cells however, adversely restricts the usefulness thereof in high power density applications, such as present in aeronautical propulsion systems.
• Another form of conventional battery utilizes a lithium anode with hydrogen peroxide electrolyte.
• Such batteries provide greater power output than the air cell batteries, but have a serious disadvantage in relatively high weight and cost.
• peroxide system batteries are not adapted for use in aeronautical propulsion high power density systems.
• the present invention comprehends an improved lithium-air cell having means for providing supplemental oxidizer to the cathode reaction whenever the air cathode reaction cannot provi ⁇ e a sufficiently high rate of electrochemical reaction. More specifically, the novel method of the present invention comprehends contacting a first surface portion of the air cathode with atmospheric air, and contacting a second surface portion of the air cathode with an electrolyte containing soluble oxygen for providing oxidizer to the cathooe. The invention comprehends the method of providing electrical energy in such an electrochemical cell by providing the oxidizer to the cathode in the event the air cathode reaction with the contacted air is insufficient to provide the desired rate of electrochemical reaction of the cell.
• the invention comprehends the further step of catalyzing the decomposition of the soluble oxygen which may be present in the form of H 2 O 2 in the electrolyte for increasing the reaction thereof with the cathode ions.
• the invention further comprehends the provision of an electrochemical cell having a lithium anode and a hydrophobic air cathode comprising a porous element having a first surface portion exposed to ambient air and fluid electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide contacted with a second surface portion of the air cathode porous element.
• the invention further comprehends the provision in such an electrochemical cell of means disposed intermediate the anode and catho ⁇ e for catalyzing the composition of the hydrogen peroxide and the reaction between the hydrogen peroxi ⁇ e and the cathode ions.
• the air cathode is porous.
• the electrolyte is flowed through the cell.
• the concentration of the soluble oxygen in the electrolyte may be varied selectively to meet the power demand needs. Alternatively, the rate of flow of the electrolyte may be controlled for this purpose.
• the method of providing electrical energy and the electrochemical cell structure utilizing the method are extremely simple and economical, while yet providing a highly improved, lightweight air cathode electrochemical cell power supply permitting high power demand when desired.
• an electrochemical cell generally designated 10 is shown to include an anode 11, an air cathode 12, and a catalytic screen 13 interposed between the anode and cathode within an outer housing 14.
• One surface 15 of the air cathode is exposed to ambient atmosphere in a chamber 16 of housing 14, and the opposite surface 17 of the air cathode is contacted by electrolyte fluid 18 flowed through a second chamber 19 in housing 14 as by a suitable pump 20.
• the electrolyte is provided from a reservoir 21 for suitable delivery when needed.
• anode 11 comprises a lithium anode which may comprise elemental lithium metal or lithium alloyed with alloying material, such as small amounts of aluminum.
• the air cathode 12 may comprise a conventional cathode structure formed of a suitable porous hydrophobic material, such as Teflon synthetic resin coated with a suitable catalytic material, such as a graphite-platinum matrix, for catalyzing the cathodic reaction of atmospheric oxygen with cathode ions.
• the catalytic screen 13 illustratively may comprise a woven metal wire screen formed of suitable catalytic metal, such as paladium ruthenium, or silverplated wire.
• the electrolyte comprises a fluid containing soluble oxygen for providing a supplemental oxidizer to the cathode.
• the electrolyte comprises a solution of 4.2 + molar lithium hydroxide in water with a preselected concentartion of H 2 O 2 .
• the H 2 O 2 provides water soluble oxygen for providing the oxidizer to the cathode reaction whenever the air cathode reaction is insufficient to meet the power demands of the cell.
• the H 2 O 2 may be present in a concentration of up to approximately 1.0 molar in the aqueous solution.
• the invention comprehends an improved method of providing electrical energy from an electrochemical cell having a lithium-containing anode and an air cathode, wherein supplemental oxidizer is provided to the cathode as required to meet intermittent high power demands exceeding the ability of the cathode to provide the desired power by an air cathode reaction with atmospheric air alone.
• the present invention is advantageously adapted for use in aeronautical propulsion applications.
• a hydrogen peroxide cell of the prior art was utilized to provide the electrical power in the power plant of a Hughes Model 269 helicopter, the hydrogen peroxide weight accounted for 50 percent of the entire power train.
• use of an electrochemical cell in accordance with this invention providing approximately 400 ma/cm 2 out of a design load of 1000 ma/cm 2 , would reduce the peroxide weight by 40 percent or more, and thus substantially improve the power-to-weight ratio of the electrochemical cell system, making it advantageously adapted for such aeronautical propulsion use.
• other industrial applications requiring high intermittent power demand output at light weight of the electrochemical cell structure may utilize the method and apparatus of the present invention advantageously.
• the foregoing disclosure of specific embodiments is illustrative of the broad inventive concepts comprehended by the invention.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Hybrid Cells (AREA)
• Primary Cells (AREA)
• Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=23976072

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (10)

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Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1984
  • 1984-02-13 WO PCT/US1984/000203 patent/WO1984004630A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1984-02-13 JP JP59501121A patent/JPS60501385A/ja active Pending
  • 1984-02-13 EP EP19840901144 patent/EP0147402A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1984-02-13 BR BR8406892A patent/BR8406892A/pt unknown
  • 1984-02-13 AU AU25780/84A patent/AU557412B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1984-02-16 CA CA000447651A patent/CA1219309A/en not_active Expired
  • 1984-05-07 MX MX201264A patent/MX157379A/es unknown
  • 1984-05-17 IT IT48210/84A patent/IT1177735B/it active
  • 1984-05-18 ES ES532630A patent/ES532630A0/es active Granted
• 1985
  • 1985-01-14 NO NO850146A patent/NO850146L/no unknown

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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