CN1035918A - 蓄电池 - Google Patents
蓄电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1035918A CN1035918A CN88108875A CN88108875A CN1035918A CN 1035918 A CN1035918 A CN 1035918A CN 88108875 A CN88108875 A CN 88108875A CN 88108875 A CN88108875 A CN 88108875A CN 1035918 A CN1035918 A CN 1035918A
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- storage battery
- catalyst
- septalium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/52—Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
在带水质电解液(4)的蓄电池中,隔板槽(3)有三层(8,9,10),在中层(9)注入氢氧复合催化剂。
Description
本发明涉及电工技术,具体涉及任何可用作带水质电解液的二次化学电源的蓄电池。
为了保证带水质电解液的二次化学电源的密封,在电源的成分中加入催化剂,这种催化剂加速了电源充电时从电极上放出的氢和氧的利用。
先有技术的含铅酸性密封蓄电池系统(GB,A,1471307)包括一组电极、隔板、水质电解液及催化剂。催化剂是一些由碳、铂或钯、以及氟乙烯聚合物制成的球体,这些球体在蓄电池盖下面的空间中,自由地漂浮在电解液的表面上。蓄电池充电时产生的氢和氧碰到催化剂球体,重新化合,形成水返回电解液中。
上述电池的不足之处在于,催化剂球体在保证利用放出的气体的同时,降低了蓄电池单位重量的电气特性,因为这些物体材料不是蓄电池的有效物质。
还有一种已知的密封蓄电池(JP,B,54-24096),包括正负电极,分别置于不同极性的电极之间的隔板槽,用硫酸硅制成的凝胶状的水质电解液和氢氧复合催化剂。催化剂是用铂类金属制成薄板形状,分布在蓄电池气室中,并与负电极电气相连接。为了减少蓄电池充电时所放出的氢,以及为了吸收在正电极上放出的氧,负电极由过剩的活性材料制成,即是说,其重量超出了正常放电所必要的重量的40%。
正如最先提到的结构一样,在上述蓄电池中有一个附加部件-不参与形成电流的基本反应的催化剂薄板。这使蓄电池的结构更加复杂,并使它的单位电气特性比非密封蓄电池差。
本发明的任务是制造这样一种带有氢氧复合催化剂的蓄电池,即在保持蓄电池的密封性的同时,保证改善它的单位电气特性,并简化其结构。
这样解决所提出的任务,即在包括一个正电极,一个负电极,置于两个电极之间的隔板槽,电解液的水溶液和氢氧复合催化剂的蓄电池中,根据本发明,隔板槽包括三层,并将催化剂置于它的中间层。
在所推荐的蓄电池中,催化剂是隔板的一个组成部分,而且,正如试验表明,在将含有催化剂的层放入隔板槽中时,隔板槽的厚度仍然不变。在蓄电池中没有与上述已知的蓄电池中的薄板相类似的部件,该部件不是形成电流的反应过程所必须的。因此,蓄电池的单位重量和单位容积的电气特性得以改善,其结构也简化了。
下面,用带有附图的本发明的实施例详细说明本发明,附图画出了所推荐的蓄电池的剖面图。
蓄电池包括若干正电极1和负电极2,而且在每一对正电极和负电极之间设置一个隔板槽3。电极1和2与隔板槽3组成一个浸在电解液的水溶液4中的电极组。稍加力将电极组安装在蓄电池外壳5中,以便使槽3紧贴电极1和2,并使之密封。各正电极1彼此电气相连,并和正极接线端子6相连接。各负电极同样彼此相连,并和负极接线端子7相连接。接线端子6和7伸出蓄电池外壳5之外。
每一个隔板槽3都是用多孔非导电材料制作的,例如,用超薄玻璃纤维毡子,聚丙烯毡子之类,并且每一个槽都包括8、9和10三层。同时,在不和电极1及2接触的中间层9中,放入细小弥散的白金或其它材料作为氢氧复合催化剂,这些材料在复合反应中具有催化活性。催化层9的厚度及其中的催化材料的含量根据所需要的氢氧复合速度来确定。那么,酸性铅蓄电池如果使用白金,催化层9的厚度最好不小于槽3的总厚度的50%,层9中的白金含量为每立方厘米-毫克左右。
每个槽3的边层8和10的厚度取决于催化剂粒子对该材料的渗透性,即一方面保证有效地将氢和氧导入催化层9,另一方面,排除催化剂渗出而到达电极1和2的可能,否则当蓄电池充电时,将会阻止蓄电池电极上形成电流的基本反应的进行。
隔板槽3的总厚度取决于蓄电池的类型,例如,对于酸性铅蓄电池来说,电解液中必要数量的硫酸决定了槽的厚度,而对于锌-银蓄电池来说,其槽的厚度的下限由枝状结晶共生现象所限定(锌和银的针状结晶迎面互相渗透)。将包括催化剂的层9放入,不增加隔板槽的总厚度,因为这一层是催化剂的载体,与其它层8和10一起完成隔板的主要功能-分隔电极。
在平面图中所示的实施本发明、改善电极组结构工艺的最佳方案中,互相邻近的槽3的边层8和10,是用一块在对应的电极1或2的底端被压弯的薄板制成。
可以用各种方法将催化剂注入隔板槽3的中间层9,例如,将金属催化剂盐分散到槽板孔隙中,随后再化学还原成金属;使催化剂粒子的悬浮胶体透过槽的多孔材料等等方法。
平面图中所示的蓄电池虽然有两个正电极1,三个负电极2和四个隔板槽3,实际上这些元件的数量可以与所示的有所不同,最简单的蓄电池可以包括两个异性电极和置于两个电极之间的所述类型的隔板槽。此外,蓄电池中的电解液不仅可以处于游离状态,也可以是固定状态的,如图所示。
蓄电池以下述方式进行工作。
当蓄电池充电时,在其正电极1上除形成电流的主要反应外,还进行着一种释放的副反应:
H2O→2H++ 1/2 O2↑+2ē(在酸性电解液中)或者2OH-→H2O+ 1/2 O2↑+2ē(在碱性电解液中)。相类似地在负电极2上,除了形成电流的主要反应外,还进行着一种释放的副反应:
2H++2ē→H2↑(在酸性电解液中)
或者2H2O+2ē→H2↑+2OH-(在碱性电解液中)。
氧通过层10上的细孔扩散到隔板槽3的催化层9中,而氢通过层8上的细孔扩散到催化层9中。在催化层9中,氢和氧在催化剂粒子的表面上,开始进行生成水的复合反应:
水返回电解液4中。
如果在蓄电池充电时,氧与氢的释放出现了不成比例的情况时,那么多余的氧透过隔板槽3,将负电极2的材料氧化。
当蓄电池放电时,在其电极1和2上进行着形成电流的主要反应,这是蓄电池中所利用的电化学系统的特殊反应。这种反应在说明中未引用,因为它和本发明的实质没有关系。蓄电池中形成电流的反应的特性已在有关二次电源的文献中有广泛的论述。
所推荐的蓄电池的优越性在于其构造简单,这是由于减少了附加部件-催化剂板。能够做到这一点,是因为将催化剂注入了作为各种类型蓄电池的必须部件的隔板中。因为所推荐的蓄电池的容积只被形成电流的反应所必须的部件占有,所以其单位电气特性保持高于非密封蓄电池的水平。同时,隔板槽的厚度不因里面有催化层而增加,这个厚度仍然是隔板中无催化剂时,上述蓄电池所要求的隔板厚度。
所推荐的结构适用于任何带水质电解液的二次电源,例如酸性铅蓄电池,以及镍镉、铁镍蓄电池等。同时,根据本发明制造的密封酸性铅蓄电池可以在密封状态保持非密封酸性铅蓄电池所固有的电气特性。并且与现有的密封酸性铅蓄电池相比,具有较好的电气特性,后者是利用铝-钙分流器和可透氧的隔板槽来达到密封的。
Claims (1)
- 一种蓄电池,包括正电极(1),负电极(2),置于电极(1、2)之间的隔板槽(3),水质电解液(4)和氢氧复合催化剂,其特征在于:隔板槽(3)包括三层(8、9、10),而且,催化剂注入在隔板槽的中间层(9)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SU4348660 | 1987-12-25 | ||
SU874348660A SU1672535A1 (ru) | 1987-12-25 | 1987-12-25 | Электрический аккумул тор |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1035918A true CN1035918A (zh) | 1989-09-27 |
Family
ID=21344317
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN88108875A Pending CN1035918A (zh) | 1987-12-25 | 1988-12-24 | 蓄电池 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5059495A (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH01209672A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1035918A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3841245A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2009476A6 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2625370A1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUT49009A (zh) |
PL (1) | PL276384A1 (zh) |
SU (1) | SU1672535A1 (zh) |
YU (1) | YU233088A (zh) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5250369A (en) * | 1989-02-23 | 1993-10-05 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Alkaline storage battery |
US6274263B1 (en) | 1995-10-27 | 2001-08-14 | William E. M. Jones | Semi-flooded lead acid battery cell |
US6285167B1 (en) | 1996-11-12 | 2001-09-04 | William E. M. Jones | Use of catalysts in standby valve-regulated lead acid cells |
FR2766972A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-01-29 | Cit Alcatel | Generateur electrochimique etanche a dispositif de recombinaison |
EP1027745A1 (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 2000-08-16 | Ultra Force Battery Co. | Sealed battery and method of operation |
WO2017142522A1 (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-24 | Daramic, Llc | Improved battery separators which reduce water loss in lead acid batteries and improved lead acid batteries including such improved battery separators |
DE102021110599A1 (de) | 2021-04-26 | 2022-10-27 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Akkumulator mit bipolarem aufbau |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2326169A1 (de) * | 1973-05-23 | 1974-12-12 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Anordnung zur rekombination der in einer sekundaerzelle entstehenden gase |
US4235748A (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1980-11-25 | Yardney Electric Corporation | Method of making improved hydrogenation catalyst |
US4192908A (en) * | 1979-06-15 | 1980-03-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Mass-transport separator for alkaline nickel-zinc cells and cell |
US4442508A (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1984-04-10 | General Instrument Corporation | Storage cells for use in two conductor data column storage logic arrays |
JPS58111277A (ja) * | 1981-12-24 | 1983-07-02 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | 密閉形鉛蓄電池 |
JPS58133761A (ja) * | 1982-02-03 | 1983-08-09 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | 密閉型アルカリ電池 |
-
1987
- 1987-12-25 SU SU874348660A patent/SU1672535A1/ru active
-
1988
- 1988-12-07 DE DE3841245A patent/DE3841245A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-12-13 PL PL27638488A patent/PL276384A1/xx unknown
- 1988-12-13 FR FR8816396A patent/FR2625370A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-12-22 HU HU886571A patent/HUT49009A/hu unknown
- 1988-12-22 YU YU02330/88A patent/YU233088A/xx unknown
- 1988-12-23 JP JP63323791A patent/JPH01209672A/ja active Pending
- 1988-12-23 ES ES8803930A patent/ES2009476A6/es not_active Expired
- 1988-12-24 CN CN88108875A patent/CN1035918A/zh active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-03-22 US US07/498,468 patent/US5059495A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUT49009A (en) | 1989-07-28 |
PL276384A1 (en) | 1989-07-10 |
US5059495A (en) | 1991-10-22 |
DE3841245A1 (de) | 1989-07-06 |
JPH01209672A (ja) | 1989-08-23 |
SU1672535A1 (ru) | 1991-08-23 |
FR2625370A1 (fr) | 1989-06-30 |
YU233088A (en) | 1991-06-30 |
ES2009476A6 (es) | 1989-09-16 |
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