EP0145600B1 - Method of hulling hard grains and its use, especially in isolating pure polysaccharides - Google Patents
Method of hulling hard grains and its use, especially in isolating pure polysaccharides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0145600B1 EP0145600B1 EP19840402537 EP84402537A EP0145600B1 EP 0145600 B1 EP0145600 B1 EP 0145600B1 EP 19840402537 EP19840402537 EP 19840402537 EP 84402537 A EP84402537 A EP 84402537A EP 0145600 B1 EP0145600 B1 EP 0145600B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- seeds
- hulling
- tara
- hard grains
- polysaccharides
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
- B02B1/00—Preparing grain for milling or like processes
- B02B1/08—Conditioning grain with respect to temperature or water content
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
- B02B3/00—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for shelling carob, guar or tara seeds, with thermal pretreatment of these seeds in order to facilitate their shelling, and its application in particular to the isolation of pure polysaccharides contained in these hard seeds.
- this preliminary treatment consists in treating these seeds with concentrated, hot mineral acids, or heating them for a certain time either by superheated steam, or by passage through an oven, a sand bath or of molten paraffin, heated by conventional means (see for example French patent No. 1,091,671). These treatments are either polluting or heavy consumers of energy. In addition, they are not entirely satisfactory.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a process for shelling carob, guar or tara seeds, with thermal pretreatment of these seeds in order to facilitate their shelling, characterized in that this thermal pretreatment is carried out by irradiation of these seeds with infrared radiation with an intensity of at least 100 kw / m 2 .
- This pretreatment according to the invention can be easily adjusted as a function of the characteristics of the seeds to be treated by variation, either of its duration, or of the intensity of the infrared radiation applied to the seed. Simple preliminary tests make it possible to quickly determine the value of these parameters.
- the thermal pretreatment according to the invention makes it possible to shell the carob, guar or tara seeds easily and economically and then to cleanly isolate their endosperm, rich in polysaccharides, without it being altered and / or soiled by residues of seed coat and / or embryo.
- the pretreatment according to the invention can be implemented, advantageously, in a known tunnel oven, equipped on its internal surface with infrared sources arranged regularly and uniformly, and in which circulates at uniform speed a conveyor belt, endless, transparent or partially transparent to infrared.
- This conveyor belt is made up of a cloth, metallic or made of glass fibers, whether or not coated with a suitable temperature-resistant material, with mesh sufficiently narrow to avoid the flow of seeds, but wide enough not to form a screen against radiation. infrared. It is fed continuously with raw seeds calibrated and free from damaged seeds and which are distributed evenly and over a single thickness.
- the seeds are collected in a hopper and then they are subjected to mechanical shelling according to means known per se, either following, or after a more or less prolonged storage period.
- Such an oven is, for example, an infrared tunnel oven used for drying photographic prints, 60 cm wide by 60 cm long, provided with a conveyor belt made of Teflon-coated glass fibers circulating at constant speed in the interval of approximately 5 cm separating the two layers of industrial infrared lamps with an installed power of 100 kw per m 2 arranged on either side of the conveyor belt.
- the treadmill is continuously fed with 3 kg per m 2 of tara seeds, graded and free from damaged seeds, distributed evenly and over a single thickness.
- the tara seeds stay in the oven for about 90 seconds before being shelled and sorted mechanically according to the usual means.
- a flour from the endosperm of the tara seed is thus isolated, consisting almost entirely of galactomanannan, perfectly white, free from seed coat and embryo residues, almost entirely soluble in water and having a Brookfield viscosity determined at 20. ° C in 1% solution in water of 10,400 mPa - s (axis 5, speed 10 rpm, dissolution carried out at 80 ° C for 15 minutes).
- the Brookfield viscosity of the endosperm of tara seeds of the same origin, not heat treated was determined. To do this, particles of tara seeds were dispersed in cold water at a concentration of 2% by weight. This dispersion was then heated with stirring for 3 hours at 60 ° C. The dispersion is then filtered, then the water-soluble polysaccharide is precipitated by addition to the filtrate of 6 volumes of isopropanol. The precipitate obtained is filtered, washed and dried for one hour at 105 ° C.
- the polysaccharide isolated from the tara seed treated according to the method of the invention therefore has a Brookfield viscosity substantially identical to that of a tara seed which is not heat treated.
Landscapes
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de décorticage de graines de caroube, de guar ou de tara, avec prétraitement thermique de ces graines en vue de faciliter leur décorticage, et son application notamment à l'isolement de polysaccharides purs contenus dans ces graines dures.The present invention relates to a process for shelling carob, guar or tara seeds, with thermal pretreatment of these seeds in order to facilitate their shelling, and its application in particular to the isolation of pure polysaccharides contained in these hard seeds.
Avant d'effectuer le décorticage mécanique des graines de caroube, de guar ou de tara riches en polysaccharides, il est connu de leur faire subir un traitement préalable. Selon l'état de la technique, ce traitement préalable consiste à traiter ces graines par des acides minéraux concentrés, chauds, ou les chauffer pendant un certain temps soit par de la vapeur surchauffée, soit par passage dans un four, un bain de sable ou de paraffine fondue, chauffés par des moyens conventionnels (voir par exemple le brevet français N° 1.091.671). Ces traitement sont soit polluants, soit gros consommateurs d'énergie. De plus, ils ne donnent pas entièrement satisfaction.Before performing mechanical shelling of carob, guar or tara seeds rich in polysaccharides, it is known to subject them to a prior treatment. According to the state of the art, this preliminary treatment consists in treating these seeds with concentrated, hot mineral acids, or heating them for a certain time either by superheated steam, or by passage through an oven, a sand bath or of molten paraffin, heated by conventional means (see for example French patent No. 1,091,671). These treatments are either polluting or heavy consumers of energy. In addition, they are not entirely satisfactory.
En effet, l'emploi d'acides minéraux concentrés rejette dans les eaux résiduaires de gros volumes d'acides dilués. Quant au traitement thermique, il exige de chauffer l'ensemble des graines et il conduit très souvent à un décorticage médiocre dans lequel l'endosperme et/ou l'embryon de la graine sont souillés par des résidus de tégument.In fact, the use of concentrated mineral acids releases large volumes of dilute acids into waste water. As for the heat treatment, it requires heating all the seeds and it very often leads to poor shelling in which the endosperm and / or the embryo of the seed are soiled with tegument residues.
Pour obvier à ces inconvénients, la Demanderesse a découvert avec étonnement que ce prétraitement thermique pouvait être réalisé facilement et économiquement en irradiant les graines de caroube, de guar ou de tara pendant un certain temps avec des radiations infrarouges. Ainsi, on provoque un effet thermique brutal, homogène et superficiel au niveau du tégument sans occasionner des surchauffes locales. De ce fait, on n'altère pas le coeur de la graine, on réalise une économie importante d'énergie, on affaiblit la résilience du tégument et enfin on établit à l'intérieur de la graine un gradient de température qui entraîne une dilatation différentielle de ses constituants et qui facilite grandement leur séparation ultérieure.To overcome these drawbacks, the Applicant has discovered with astonishment that this thermal pretreatment could be carried out easily and economically by irradiating the carob, guar or tara seeds for a certain period with infrared radiation. Thus, a brutal, homogeneous and superficial thermal effect is produced at the level of the seed coat without causing local overheating. Therefore, we do not alter the heart of the seed, we achieve a significant energy saving, we weaken the resilience of the seed coat and finally we establish inside the seed a temperature gradient which leads to differential expansion of its constituents and which greatly facilitates their subsequent separation.
L'invention a donc pour objet un procédé de décorticage de graines de caroube, de guar ou de tara, avec prétraitement thermique de ces graines en vue de faciliter leur décorticage, caractérisé en ce que ce prétraitement thermique est réalisé par irradiation de ces graines avec un rayonnement infrarouge d'une intensité d'au moins 100 kw/m2.The subject of the invention is therefore a process for shelling carob, guar or tara seeds, with thermal pretreatment of these seeds in order to facilitate their shelling, characterized in that this thermal pretreatment is carried out by irradiation of these seeds with infrared radiation with an intensity of at least 100 kw / m 2 .
Ce prétraitement selon l'invention peut être aisément réglé en fonction des caractéristiques des graines à traiter par variation, soit de sa durée, soit de l'intensité des radiations infrarouges appliquées sur la graine. De simples essais préliminaires permettent de déterminer rapidement la valeur de ces paramètres.This pretreatment according to the invention can be easily adjusted as a function of the characteristics of the seeds to be treated by variation, either of its duration, or of the intensity of the infrared radiation applied to the seed. Simple preliminary tests make it possible to quickly determine the value of these parameters.
Le prétraitement thermique selon l'invention permet de décortiquer facilement et économiquement les graines de caroube, de guar ou de tara et d'isoler ensuite proprement leur endosperme, riche en polysaccharides, sans qu'il soit altéré et/ou souillé par des résidus de tégument et/ou d'embryon.The thermal pretreatment according to the invention makes it possible to shell the carob, guar or tara seeds easily and economically and then to cleanly isolate their endosperm, rich in polysaccharides, without it being altered and / or soiled by residues of seed coat and / or embryo.
Le prétraitement selon l'invention peut être mis en œuvre, avantageusement, dans un four tunnel, connu, équipé sur sa surface interne de sources infrarouges disposées régulièrement et uniformément, et dans lequel circule à vitesse uniforme un tapis roulant, sans fin, transparent ou partiellement transparent à l'infrarouge.The pretreatment according to the invention can be implemented, advantageously, in a known tunnel oven, equipped on its internal surface with infrared sources arranged regularly and uniformly, and in which circulates at uniform speed a conveyor belt, endless, transparent or partially transparent to infrared.
Ce tapis roulant est constitué par une toile, métallique ou en fibres de verre enrobées ou non d'un matériau adéquat résistant à la température, à mailles suffisamment étroites pour éviter l'écoulement des graines, mais suffisamment larges pour ne pas former écran aux radiations infrarouges. Il est alimenté en continu avec des graines brutes calibrées et exemptes de graines avariées et qui sont réparties uniformément et sur une seule épaisseur.This conveyor belt is made up of a cloth, metallic or made of glass fibers, whether or not coated with a suitable temperature-resistant material, with mesh sufficiently narrow to avoid the flow of seeds, but wide enough not to form a screen against radiation. infrared. It is fed continuously with raw seeds calibrated and free from damaged seeds and which are distributed evenly and over a single thickness.
Après un temps de séjour dans le four plus ou moins long, aisément réglable par variation de la vitesse de translation du tapis roulant, les graines sont recueillies dans une trémie puis elles sont soumises à un décorticage mécanique selon des moyens connus en soi, soit de suite, soit après une durée de stockage plus ou moins prolongée.After a residence time in the more or less long oven, easily adjustable by varying the speed of translation of the conveyor belt, the seeds are collected in a hopper and then they are subjected to mechanical shelling according to means known per se, either following, or after a more or less prolonged storage period.
Un tel four est, par exemple, un four tunnel infrarouge utilisé pour le séchage d'épreuves photographiques, de 60 cm de largeur par 60 cm de longueur, muni d'un tapis roulant en fibres de verre enrobées de Téflon circulant à vitesse constante dans l'intervalle de 5 cm environ séparant les deux nappes de lampes infrarouges industrielles d'une puissance installée de 100 kw au m2 disposées de part et d'autre du tapis roulant. Le tapis roulant est alimenté en continu avec 3 kg au m2 de graines de tara, calibrées et exemptes de graines avariées, réparties uniformément et sur une seule épaisseur. Les graines de tara séjournent environ 90 secondes dans le four avant d'être décortiquées et triées mécaniquement selon les moyens habituels. On isole ainsi une farine de l'endosperme de la graine de tara constitué presque entièrement de galactoman- nane, parfaitement blanche, exempte de résidus de tégument et d'embryon, presque entièrement soluble dans l'eau et présentant une viscosité Brookfield déterminée à 20 °C en solution à 1 % dans l'eau de 10 400 mPa - s (axe 5, vitesse 10 tr/min., dissolution effectuée à 80 °C pendant 15 minutes).Such an oven is, for example, an infrared tunnel oven used for drying photographic prints, 60 cm wide by 60 cm long, provided with a conveyor belt made of Teflon-coated glass fibers circulating at constant speed in the interval of approximately 5 cm separating the two layers of industrial infrared lamps with an installed power of 100 kw per m 2 arranged on either side of the conveyor belt. The treadmill is continuously fed with 3 kg per m 2 of tara seeds, graded and free from damaged seeds, distributed evenly and over a single thickness. The tara seeds stay in the oven for about 90 seconds before being shelled and sorted mechanically according to the usual means. A flour from the endosperm of the tara seed is thus isolated, consisting almost entirely of galactomanannan, perfectly white, free from seed coat and embryo residues, almost entirely soluble in water and having a Brookfield viscosity determined at 20. ° C in 1% solution in water of 10,400 mPa - s (axis 5, speed 10 rpm, dissolution carried out at 80 ° C for 15 minutes).
Afin de juger de la qualité de l'endosperme de graine de tara obtenue par application du procédé selon l'invention, on a déterminé la viscosité Brookfield de l'endosperme de graines de tara de même origine, non traitées thermiquement. Pour ce faire, on a dispersé des particules de graines de tara dans de l'eau froide à la concentration pondérale de 2 %. Puis on a chauffé cette dispersion sous agitation pendant 3 heures à 60 °C. La dispersion est ensuite filtrée, puis on précipite le polysaccharide hydrosoluble par addition dans le filtrat de 6 volumes d'isopropanol. On filtre le précipité obtenu, on le lave et on le sèche une heure à 105 °C. On obtient ainsi une poudre d'endosperme de graines de tara présentant une viscosité Brookfield déterminée à 1 % dans l'eau de 10000 mPa-s s (axe 5, vitesse 10 tr/min., dissolution effectuée à 80 °C pendant 15 minutes).In order to judge the quality of the endosperm of tara seeds obtained by applying the method according to the invention, the Brookfield viscosity of the endosperm of tara seeds of the same origin, not heat treated, was determined. To do this, particles of tara seeds were dispersed in cold water at a concentration of 2% by weight. This dispersion was then heated with stirring for 3 hours at 60 ° C. The dispersion is then filtered, then the water-soluble polysaccharide is precipitated by addition to the filtrate of 6 volumes of isopropanol. The precipitate obtained is filtered, washed and dried for one hour at 105 ° C. One thus obtains a powder of endosperm of tara seeds having a Brookfield viscosity determined at 1% in water of 10,000 mPa-s s (axis 5, speed 10 rpm, dissolution carried out at 80 ° C for 15 minutes ).
Le polysaccharide isolé de la graine de tara traitée selon le procédé de l'invention présente donc une viscosité Brookfield sensiblement identique à celle d'une graine de tara non traitée thermiquement.The polysaccharide isolated from the tara seed treated according to the method of the invention therefore has a Brookfield viscosity substantially identical to that of a tara seed which is not heat treated.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8320008 | 1983-12-14 | ||
| FR8320008A FR2556613B1 (en) | 1983-12-14 | 1983-12-14 | PROCESS FOR DECORTICATING HARD SEEDS AND ITS APPLICATION, IN PARTICULAR TO THE ISOLATION OF PURE POLYSACCHARIDES |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0145600A2 EP0145600A2 (en) | 1985-06-19 |
| EP0145600A3 EP0145600A3 (en) | 1985-07-24 |
| EP0145600B1 true EP0145600B1 (en) | 1987-09-09 |
Family
ID=9295158
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19840402537 Expired EP0145600B1 (en) | 1983-12-14 | 1984-12-10 | Method of hulling hard grains and its use, especially in isolating pure polysaccharides |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0145600B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS60144302A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3465891D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8604037A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2556613B1 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN159715B (en) |
| PT (1) | PT79646A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019059751A1 (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah | Novel locust bean dehulling method |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3012702B2 (en) * | 1991-04-19 | 2000-02-28 | 大日本製薬株式会社 | Hymenea seed polysaccharide |
| ES2255817B1 (en) * | 2004-07-06 | 2007-07-16 | Procesos De Industrializacion De La Garrofa, S.L. | PROCEDURE FOR THE SKINNING OF GARROFIN. |
| CN106824350A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-06-13 | 宁夏红阳合粮油有限公司 | A kind of Rice enriched-Se new process for processing |
| CN112679626A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-20 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | Talarapolysaccharide and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1085751B (en) * | 1952-05-07 | 1960-07-21 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for preparation with regard to the grinding and baking ability of grain, in particular rye, with infrared rays |
| DE1010361B (en) * | 1955-05-20 | 1957-06-13 | Koerber & Naumann | Process for peeling rice, oats and the like like |
| GB1379116A (en) * | 1972-07-25 | 1975-01-02 | Newton D | Treatment of cereals and other seeds |
-
1983
- 1983-12-14 FR FR8320008A patent/FR2556613B1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-12-04 IN IN953/MAS/84A patent/IN159715B/en unknown
- 1984-12-10 DE DE8484402537T patent/DE3465891D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-10 PT PT7964684A patent/PT79646A/en unknown
- 1984-12-10 EP EP19840402537 patent/EP0145600B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-12 ES ES538516A patent/ES8604037A1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-13 JP JP26373384A patent/JPS60144302A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019059751A1 (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2019-03-28 | Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah | Novel locust bean dehulling method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES8604037A1 (en) | 1986-01-16 |
| EP0145600A2 (en) | 1985-06-19 |
| FR2556613A1 (en) | 1985-06-21 |
| ES538516A0 (en) | 1986-01-16 |
| FR2556613B1 (en) | 1987-01-09 |
| JPS60144302A (en) | 1985-07-30 |
| IN159715B (en) | 1987-06-06 |
| EP0145600A3 (en) | 1985-07-24 |
| DE3465891D1 (en) | 1987-10-15 |
| PT79646A (en) | 1985-01-01 |
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