EP0141993A1 - Iodized preparation and process for adsorbing iodine - Google Patents
Iodized preparation and process for adsorbing iodine Download PDFInfo
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- EP0141993A1 EP0141993A1 EP84111645A EP84111645A EP0141993A1 EP 0141993 A1 EP0141993 A1 EP 0141993A1 EP 84111645 A EP84111645 A EP 84111645A EP 84111645 A EP84111645 A EP 84111645A EP 0141993 A1 EP0141993 A1 EP 0141993A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- iodine
- unsubstituted
- branched
- substituted
- intercalation
- Prior art date
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- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000002497 iodine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006163 transport media Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000013047 polymeric layer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- -1 n-Tetradecyl Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XHJGXOOOMKCJPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[tert-butyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol Chemical compound OCCN(C(C)(C)C)CCO XHJGXOOOMKCJPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cetyltrimethylammonium ion Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C RLGQACBPNDBWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005025 nuclear technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical class [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001351 alkyl iodides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003405 delayed action preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002496 iodine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoethane Chemical compound CCI HVTICUPFWKNHNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004010 onium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HISNRBVYBOVKMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N stibonium Chemical compound [SbH4+] HISNRBVYBOVKMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/02—Treating gases
Definitions
- the invention relates to an iodine preparation containing iodine in the form of elemental iodine and / or iodine compounds and a carrier material.
- iodine in the form of an iodine preparation.
- Such iodine preparations are used, for example, in medicine as depot preparations.
- radioactive iodine isotopes in the form of iodine preparations and to have such iodine preparations available.
- the degree of separation for iodine also drops considerably with increasing moisture content of the zeolites or the atmosphere surrounding them. A decrease in the degree of separation can also be observed over time due to chemical aging. Furthermore, the zeolites impregnated with silver nitrate are sensitive to reducing pollutants. In particular due to the required silver nitrate impregnation, this material is associated with high manufacturing costs.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide an iodine preparation which overcomes the disadvantages mentioned above, is inexpensive to manufacture, can contain large amounts of iodine and is not sensitive to moisture and pollutants.
- an iodine preparation of the type mentioned in the introduction that it can be obtained by adsorbing iodine, in particular radioactive iodine, in the form of elemental iodine and / or iodine compounds on a layered lattice composed of a polymer containing interlayer molecules or ions forming, inorganic compound, which is able to form intercalation complexes with the elemental iodine or the iodine compounds, existing carrier material.
- the iodine preparation according to the invention is characterized in particular by the advantages that it is non-flammable and not sensitive to moisture or to pollutants such as solvents or nitrogen oxides.
- the iodine preparation according to the invention is subject to No noticeable signs of aging for years.
- the production costs for the iodine preparation according to the invention are relatively low, since the carrier material used does not have to be impregnated, as is required, for example, in the case of the zeolites used hitherto.
- disposal is relatively simple by direct cementation.
- An advantageous iodine preparation is obtained in particular by using an intercalation complex of a layered silicate with inorganic and / or organic interlayer cations as the carrier material.
- Layered silicates suitable for this purpose which are able to form intercalation complexes, occur as natural clay minerals.
- an onium layered silicate as the intercalation complex.
- onium ions come from elements of V. and VI. Main group of the periodic table in question, such as ammonium, phosphonium, stibonium and the like.
- Intercalation complexes of onium montmorillonites are particularly suitable as intercalation complexes of layered onium silicates.
- an intercalation complex which, as interlayer cations, H.aq. + - and / or NR 4 + - ions, where R is a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or straight chain alkyl group having, for example, 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or straight chain hydroxyalkyl group having, for example, 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or straight-chain alkoxy group having, for example, 1 to 20 carbon atoms and where the radicals R can be identical or different.
- a particularly suitable group of substituents for the radicals R are polyalkylene glycol, in particular polyethylene glycol.
- the iodine can be present both in the form of elemental iodine and in the form of iodine compounds.
- iodine compounds can in particular be alkyl iodides, such as methyl or ethyl iodide.
- the iodine according to the invention also be prepared as a transport medium or as storage material, for example for radioactive iodine isotopes.
- the invention also relates to a method for adsorbing iodine, in particular radioactive iodine, in the form of elemental iodine and / or iodine compounds on a support material, which is characterized in that g as support material a polymeric interlayer molecules or ions containing a layer itter forming, inorganic connects dun g, can form with elemental iodine or iodine compounds the intercalation complexes, are used.
- An intercalation complex of a layered silicate with inorganic and / or organic interlayer cations is preferably used as the carrier material.
- an onium layer silicate most preferably an onium montmorillonite, as the intercalation complex.
- an intercalation complex which is Hdaq. and / or NR 4 + ions, where R is a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or straight chain alkyl group having for example 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or straight chain hydroxyalkyl group having for example 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted means branched or straight-chain alkoxy group having, for example, 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and wherein the radicals R can be identical or different from one another.
- a particularly suitable group of substituents for the radicals R are polyalkylene glycol, in particular polyethylene glycol.
- Elemental iodine was adsorbed on various onium montmorillonites.
- the montmorillonite used comes from the Schwaiba mine in Lower Bavaria and can be represented by the following formula: Calcium ions are found here as interlayer cations; x for the iron content is less than 0.30.
- the elemental iodine was adsorbed on the onium montmorillonites produced using cations (1) to (4) at a temperature of 100 ° C. in a water vapor-saturated atmosphere.
- results in the table above show that, with the aid of the support materials used according to the invention, considerable amounts of iodine can be adsorbed even in an atmosphere saturated with water vapor. This is of great advantage particularly in the field of nuclear technology, since moisture must be expected in the event of accidents.
- results also show that, as a rule, over 90% of the adsorbed iodine can be released again from the listed onium montmorillonites. The release takes place here consistently at temperatures above 200 ° C, which in turn can be advantageous in the field of nuclear technology if a release at elevated temperature (below 200 ° C) is to be avoided.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Jodpräparat, enthaltend Jod in Form von elementarem Jod und/oder Jodverbindungen und ein Trägermaterial.The invention relates to an iodine preparation containing iodine in the form of elemental iodine and / or iodine compounds and a carrier material.
Auf vielen Anwendungsgebieten ist es erwünscht, Jod in Form eines Jodpräparates zu binden. Solche Jodpräparate werden beispielsweise in der Medizin als Depotpräparate eingesetzt. Insbesondere in kerntechnischen Anlagen ist es erwünscht, radioaktive Jodisotope in Form von Jodpräparaten zu binden und solche Jodpräparate zur Verfügung zu haben.In many areas of application, it is desirable to bind iodine in the form of an iodine preparation. Such iodine preparations are used, for example, in medicine as depot preparations. In nuclear plants in particular, it is desirable to bind radioactive iodine isotopes in the form of iodine preparations and to have such iodine preparations available.
Zum Adsorbieren von radioaktivem Jod an einem Träger- bzw. Sorptionsmaterial ist es auf dem Gebiet der Kerntechnik bisher üblich, als Sorptionsmaterial mit Kaliumjodid im- prägnierte Aktivkohle oder mit Silbernitrat imprägnierte Zeolithe zu verwenden. Die Verwendung dieser Materialien ist jedoch mit einer Reihe von Nachteilen verbunden.For adsorbing radioactive iodine on a carrier or . Sorption is to use it in the field of nuclear engineering practice so far as sorption with potassium iodide imported p r ägnierte activated carbon or zeolites impregnated with silver nitrate. However, there are a number of disadvantages to using these materials.
So ist mit KJ imprägnierte Aktivkohle darin nachteilig, daß sie brennbar ist, und somit bei Brand die Gefahr besteht, daß das adsorbierte, radioaktive Jod, z.B. 131J, in die Umgebung freigesetzt wird. Weiterhin sinkt der Abscheidegrad der Aktivkohle für Jod erheblich mit zunehmendem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Aktivkohle bzw. der diese umgebenden Atmosphäre. Der Abscheidegrad sinkt weiterhin im Verlaufe der Zeit aufgrund chemisch bedingter Alterungserscheinungen der Aktivkohle. Weiterhin ist Aktivkohle empfindlich gegenüber Schadstoffen, wie z.B. Lösungsmittel oder Stickoxide. Zudem ist die Abscheidekapazität von mit KJ imprägnierter Aktivkohle für Jod relativ gering und die Herstellungskosten sind durch wechselnde Chargenqualität und die notwendige KJ-Imprägnierung relativ hoch. So with KJ impregnated activated carbon is disadvantageous in that it is flammable, and thus in case of fire there is a risk that the adsorbed radioactive iodine, for example 131 I, is released into the environment. Furthermore, the degree of separation of the activated carbon for iodine drops considerably with increasing moisture content of the activated carbon or the atmosphere surrounding it. The degree of separation continues to decrease over time due to the chemical aging of the activated carbon. Activated carbon is also sensitive to pollutants such as solvents or nitrogen oxides. In addition, the separation capacity of activated carbon impregnated with KJ for iodine is relatively low and the production costs are relatively high due to changing batch quality and the necessary K J impregnation.
Schließlich ist die Entsorgung der verbrauchten Aktivkohle als brennbarer radioaktiver Abfall aufwendig.Finally, the disposal of the used activated carbon as combustible radioactive waste is complex.
Bei mit Silbernitrat imprägnierten Zeolithen sinkt ebenfalls der Abscheidegrad für Jod erheblich mit zunehmendem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Zeolithe bzw. der diese umgebenden Atmosphäre. Ebenso ist ein Abfallen des Abscheidegrades mit der Zeit aufgrund chemisch bedingter Alterungserscheinungen zu beobachten. Weiterhin sind die mit Silbernitrat imprägnierten Zeolithe gegenüber reduzierenden Schadstoffen empfindlich. Insbesondere bedingt durch die erforderliche Silbernitrat-Imprägnierung ist dieses Material mit hohen Herstellungskosten verbunden.In the case of zeolites impregnated with silver nitrate, the degree of separation for iodine also drops considerably with increasing moisture content of the zeolites or the atmosphere surrounding them. A decrease in the degree of separation can also be observed over time due to chemical aging. Furthermore, the zeolites impregnated with silver nitrate are sensitive to reducing pollutants. In particular due to the required silver nitrate impregnation, this material is associated with high manufacturing costs.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es deshalb, ein Jodpräparat zur Verfügung zu stellen, das die oben erwähnten Nachteile überwindet, insbesondere in der Herstellung billig ist, große Mengen an Jod enthalten kann sowie gegenüber Feuchtigkeit und Schadstoffen nicht empfindlich ist.The object of the present invention was therefore to provide an iodine preparation which overcomes the disadvantages mentioned above, is inexpensive to manufacture, can contain large amounts of iodine and is not sensitive to moisture and pollutants.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Jodpräparat der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß es erhältlich ist durch Adsorbieren von Jod, insbesondere radioaktivem Jod, in Form von elementarem Jod und/oder Jodverbindungen an einem aus einer polymeren, Zwischenschichtmoleküle oder -ionen enthaltenden, ein Schichtgitter bildenden, anorganischen Verbindung, die Interkalationskomplexe mit dem elementaren Jod oder den Jodverbindungen zu bilden vermag, bestehenden Trägermaterial.This object is achieved according to the invention by an iodine preparation of the type mentioned in the introduction that it can be obtained by adsorbing iodine, in particular radioactive iodine, in the form of elemental iodine and / or iodine compounds on a layered lattice composed of a polymer containing interlayer molecules or ions forming, inorganic compound, which is able to form intercalation complexes with the elemental iodine or the iodine compounds, existing carrier material.
Das erfindungsgemäße Jodpräparat zeichnet sich insbesondere durch die Vorteile aus, daß es nicht brennbar und gegenüber Feuchtigkeit sowie gegenüber Schadstoffen, wie Lösungsmittel oder Stickoxide, nicht empfindlich ist.The iodine preparation according to the invention is characterized in particular by the advantages that it is non-flammable and not sensitive to moisture or to pollutants such as solvents or nitrogen oxides.
Weiterhin unterliegt das erfindungsgemäße Jodpräparat über Jahre hinweg keinen erkennbaren Alterungserscheinungen. Die Herstellungskosten für das erfindungsgemäße Jodpräparat sind relativ gering, da das verwendete Trägermaterial nicht imprägniert werden muß, wie es etwa im Falle der bisher verwendeten Zeolithe erforderlich ist. Bei erfindungsgemäßen Jodpräparaten, die radioaktive Jodisotope enthalten, ist die Entsorgung relativ einfach durch direkte Zementierung möglich. Ein vorteilhaftes Jodpräparat erhält man insbesondere dadurch, daß man als Trägermaterial einen Interkalationskomplex eines Schichtsilikates mit anorganischen und/oder organischen Zwischenschichtkationen einsetzt. Hierfür geeignete Schichtsilikate, die Interkalationskomplexe zu bilden vermögen, kommen als natürliche Tonminerale vor. Insbesondere ist es erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt als Interkalationskomplex ein Onium-Schichtsilikat einzusetzen. Als Onium-Ionen kommen beispielsweise solche von Elementen der V. und VI. Hauptgruppe des Periodensystems in Frage, wie etwa Ammonium, Phosphonium, Stibonium und dgl.. Als Interkalationskomplexe von Onium-Schichtsilikaten eignen sich ganz besonders Interkalationskomplexe von Onium-Montmorilloniten.Furthermore, the iodine preparation according to the invention is subject to No noticeable signs of aging for years. The production costs for the iodine preparation according to the invention are relatively low, since the carrier material used does not have to be impregnated, as is required, for example, in the case of the zeolites used hitherto. In the case of iodine preparations according to the invention which contain radioactive iodine isotopes, disposal is relatively simple by direct cementation. An advantageous iodine preparation is obtained in particular by using an intercalation complex of a layered silicate with inorganic and / or organic interlayer cations as the carrier material. Layered silicates suitable for this purpose, which are able to form intercalation complexes, occur as natural clay minerals. In particular, it is preferred according to the invention to use an onium layered silicate as the intercalation complex. As onium ions, for example, come from elements of V. and VI. Main group of the periodic table in question, such as ammonium, phosphonium, stibonium and the like. Intercalation complexes of onium montmorillonites are particularly suitable as intercalation complexes of layered onium silicates.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung setzt man einen Interkalationskomplex ein, der als Zwischenschichtkationen H.aq.+- und/oder NR4 +-Ionen enthält, wobei R eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte, verzweigt-oder geradkettige Alkylgruppe mit beispielsweise 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte, verzweigt- oder geradkettige Hydroxyalkylgruppe mit beispielsweise 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte, verzweigt- oder geradkettige Alkoxygruppe mit beispielsweise 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeutet und wobei die Reste R gleich oder voneinander verschieden sein können. Eine besonders geeignete Gruppe von Substituenten für die Reste R sind hierbei Polyalkylenglykol-,insbesondere Polyethylenglykolreste.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an intercalation complex is used which, as interlayer cations, H.aq. + - and / or NR 4 + - ions, where R is a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or straight chain alkyl group having, for example, 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or straight chain hydroxyalkyl group having, for example, 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or straight-chain alkoxy group having, for example, 1 to 20 carbon atoms and where the radicals R can be identical or different. A particularly suitable group of substituents for the radicals R are polyalkylene glycol, in particular polyethylene glycol.
Bei dem erfinaungsgemaßen Jodpräparat kann das Jod sowohl in Form von elementarem Jod als auch in Form von Jodverbindungen vorliegen. Solche Jodverbindungen können insbesondere Alkyljodide, wie Methyl- oder Ethyljodid, sein.In the iodine preparation according to the invention, the iodine can be present both in the form of elemental iodine and in the form of iodine compounds. Such iodine compounds can in particular be alkyl iodides, such as methyl or ethyl iodide.
Je nach Anwendungszweck kann das erfindungsgemäße Jod- . präparat auch als Transportmedium oder als Lagermaterial, beispielsweise für radioaktive Jodisotope, ausgebildet sein.Depending on the application, the iodine according to the invention. also be prepared as a transport medium or as storage material, for example for radioactive iodine isotopes.
Die Erfindung betrifft ebenso ein Verfahren zum Adsorbieren von Jod, insbesondere radioaktivem Jod, in Form von elementarem Jod und/oder Jodverbindungen an einem Trägermaterial, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man als Trägermaterial eine polymere, Zwischenschichtmoleküle oder -ionen enthaltende, ein Schichtgitter bildende, anorganische Verbin- dung, die Interkalationskomplexe mit dem elementaren Jod oder den Jodverbindungen zu bilden vermag, einsetzt.The invention also relates to a method for adsorbing iodine, in particular radioactive iodine, in the form of elemental iodine and / or iodine compounds on a support material, which is characterized in that g as support material a polymeric interlayer molecules or ions containing a layer itter forming, inorganic connects dun g, can form with elemental iodine or iodine compounds the intercalation complexes, are used.
Bevorzugt setzt man als Trägermaterial einen Interkalationskomplex eines Schichtsilikates mit anorganischen und/ oder organischen Zwischenschichtkationen ein. Insbesondere ist es bevorzugt, als Interkalationskomplex ein Onium-Schichtsilikat, am meisten bevorzugt einen Onium-Montmorillonit, einzusetzen.An intercalation complex of a layered silicate with inorganic and / or organic interlayer cations is preferably used as the carrier material. In particular, it is preferred to use an onium layer silicate, most preferably an onium montmorillonite, as the intercalation complex.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens setzt man einen Interkalationskomplex ein, der als Zwischenschichtkationen Hdaq. und/oder NR4 +-Ionen enthält, wobei R eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte, verzweigt- oder geradkettige Alkylgruppe mit beispielsweise 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte, verzweigt- oder geradkettige Hydroxyalkylgruppe mit beispielsweise 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen oder eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte, verzweigt- oder geradkettige Alkoxygruppe mit beispielsweise 1 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeutet, und wobei die Reste R gleich oder voneinander verschieden sein können. Eine besonders geeignete Gruppe von Substituenten für die Reste R sind hierbei Polyalkylenglykol-, insbesondere Polyethylenglykolreste.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, an intercalation complex is used which is Hdaq. and / or NR 4 + ions, where R is a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or straight chain alkyl group having for example 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted, branched or straight chain hydroxyalkyl group having for example 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted means branched or straight-chain alkoxy group having, for example, 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and wherein the radicals R can be identical or different from one another. A particularly suitable group of substituents for the radicals R are polyalkylene glycol, in particular polyethylene glycol.
Das nachfolgende Beispiel erläutert die Erfindung.The following example explains the invention.
An verschiedenen Onium-Montmorilloniten wurde elementares Jod adsorbiert. Der verwendete Montmorillonit stammt aus der Grube Schwaiba in Niederbayern und kann durch folgende Formel wiedergegeben werden:
Die Onium-Montmorillonite wurden über Kationenaustauschreaktion hergestellt, wobei folgende Kationen (als Ammoniumchloride vorliegend) verwendet wurden:
- (1) N-(n-Hexadecyl)-N,N,N-trimethyl-ammonium
- (2) N-(Polyethylenglykol) x -N-(polyethylenglykol) y -N-(n-alkyl)-N-methyl-ammonium; x + y = 5
bei der n-Alkylgruppe handelt es sich um ein Gemisch mit folgender Zusammensetzung;
- (3) N,N-di-(n-Alkyl)-N-(2-hydroxy-n-propyl)-N-methylammonium
- bei der n-Alkylgruppe handelt es sich um ein Gemisch aus:
- n-Tetradecyl, C14H29 ca. 5 %,
- n-Hexadecyl, C16H33 ca. 25 % und
- n-Octadecyl, C18H37 ca. 65 %.
- bei der n-Alkylgruppe handelt es sich um ein Gemisch aus:
- (4) N-(t-Butyl)-N,N-di-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ammonium
- (1) N- (n-Hexadecyl) -N, N, N-trimethyl-ammonium
- (2) N- (polyethylene glycol) x -N- (polyethylene glycol) y -N- (n-alkyl) -N-methyl-ammonium; x + y = 5
the n-alkyl group is a mixture with the following composition;
- (3) N, N-di- (n-alkyl) -N- (2-hydroxy-n-propyl) -N-methylammonium
- the n-alkyl group is a mixture of:
- n-tetradecyl, C 14 H 29 approx. 5%,
- n-hexadecyl, C 16 H 33 approx. 25% and
- n-octadecyl, C 18 H 37 approx. 65 %.
- the n-alkyl group is a mixture of:
- (4) N- (t-Butyl) -N, N-di- (2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium
Die Adsorption des elementaren Jods an den unter Verwendung der Kationen (1) bis (4) hergestellten Onium-Montmorilloniten erfolgte bei einer Temperatur von 100°C in einer wasserdampfgesättigten Atmosphäre.The elemental iodine was adsorbed on the onium montmorillonites produced using cations (1) to (4) at a temperature of 100 ° C. in a water vapor-saturated atmosphere.
Die Aufnahmekapazitäten für das elementare Jod bei diesen Bedingungen, die Freisetzungstemperatur zur Wiederfreisetzung des adsorbierten Jods sowie die prozentuale Freisetzung an Jod für die einzelnen Onium-Montmorillonite sind in nachstehender Tabelle gezeigt:The absorption capacities for elemental iodine under these conditions, the release temperature for releasing the adsorbed iodine and the percentage release of iodine for the individual onium montmorillonites are shown in the table below:
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3337335 | 1983-10-13 | ||
| DE19833337335 DE3337335C2 (en) | 1983-10-13 | 1983-10-13 | Iodine preparation and process for its preparation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0141993A1 true EP0141993A1 (en) | 1985-05-22 |
Family
ID=6211785
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84111645A Withdrawn EP0141993A1 (en) | 1983-10-13 | 1984-09-28 | Iodized preparation and process for adsorbing iodine |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0141993A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3337335C2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU622306B2 (en) * | 1989-03-24 | 1992-04-02 | Agromen Agrarmenedzseri Kft. | Silicon-containing environment-protective agent adsorbing radioactive metal isotopes and toxic heavy metals and a pharmaceutical composition containing same |
| WO2003041836A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-05-22 | Universität Bern | Method of detecting and/or removing small compounds from a gaseous or liquid medium |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19807604C1 (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 1999-07-29 | Eurotope Entwicklungsgesellsch | Preparation of porous carrier for radioactive substances |
| CN111659340A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-15 | 西安交通大学 | Copper-modified high-temple bentonite and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1235460A (en) * | 1958-05-27 | 1960-07-08 | Gas Council | Selective sorption process for organic vapors |
| FR1242913A (en) * | 1958-10-28 | 1960-10-07 | Nat Lead Co | Modified clay complexes and method of preparation |
| FR2031748A5 (en) * | 1969-02-06 | 1970-11-20 | Lion Philippe | Decontamination of radioactive water for - drinking purposes |
| US4036940A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1977-07-19 | Monsanto Company | Recovery of iodine |
-
1983
- 1983-10-13 DE DE19833337335 patent/DE3337335C2/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-09-28 EP EP84111645A patent/EP0141993A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1235460A (en) * | 1958-05-27 | 1960-07-08 | Gas Council | Selective sorption process for organic vapors |
| FR1242913A (en) * | 1958-10-28 | 1960-10-07 | Nat Lead Co | Modified clay complexes and method of preparation |
| FR2031748A5 (en) * | 1969-02-06 | 1970-11-20 | Lion Philippe | Decontamination of radioactive water for - drinking purposes |
| US4036940A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1977-07-19 | Monsanto Company | Recovery of iodine |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU622306B2 (en) * | 1989-03-24 | 1992-04-02 | Agromen Agrarmenedzseri Kft. | Silicon-containing environment-protective agent adsorbing radioactive metal isotopes and toxic heavy metals and a pharmaceutical composition containing same |
| WO2003041836A1 (en) * | 2001-11-15 | 2003-05-22 | Universität Bern | Method of detecting and/or removing small compounds from a gaseous or liquid medium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3337335A1 (en) | 1985-05-02 |
| DE3337335C2 (en) | 1987-01-08 |
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