EP0141117B2 - Rock and gravel drilling method and rock-drill therefor - Google Patents

Rock and gravel drilling method and rock-drill therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0141117B2
EP0141117B2 EP84110110A EP84110110A EP0141117B2 EP 0141117 B2 EP0141117 B2 EP 0141117B2 EP 84110110 A EP84110110 A EP 84110110A EP 84110110 A EP84110110 A EP 84110110A EP 0141117 B2 EP0141117 B2 EP 0141117B2
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Prior art keywords
drill
nozzle
rock
compressed
air
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP84110110A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0141117B1 (en
EP0141117A1 (en
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Walter Weber
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Schwarz Guenter
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Schwarz Guenter
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Priority to AT84110110T priority Critical patent/ATE35640T1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/16—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using gaseous fluids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rock drill, provided with at least one outlet opening for generating a compressed air jet directed essentially axially upward against the drilling feed.
  • US Pat. No. 3,011,571 describes a rock drill which uses compressed air to remove the cuttings from the borehole. This is ejected parallel to the borehole axis through channels directed against the drilling feed, which basically prevents the drilling walls from being hollowed out. Due to the localized exposure to conveying air, even when the drill head is turned, the transport away, in particular also larger particles of cuttings, is not ensured, so that when using such a rock drill there is a risk of not continuously removing the cuttings from the drilling area by means of pneumatic transport .
  • the compressed air channels in the drill head are not optimal in terms of flow technology, which means that the outlet speeds of the conveying air do not reach the optimum values corresponding to the pressure, which also negatively influences the extraction of the cuttings from the borehole.
  • the present invention aims to provide a rock drill which allows to achieve large specific drilling performances, effortlessly drill larger drilling depths of a few 10m, and which also allows larger grains of, for example, 20mm diameter to be conveyed pneumatically out of the borehole.
  • the rock drill according to the invention which is characterized in that in order to produce the compressed air jet which is ring-shaped in cross-section and closed, the drill has at least one nozzle with a nozzle nozzle which is closed in a ring and surrounds the drill pipe and which nozzle mouth is preceded by a pressure chamber, the The mouth of the nozzle forms the narrowest cross-section of the compressed air system and the pressure chamber is designed as a hollow cylindrical air duct that is roughly parallel to the drill axis and leads to the nozzle mouth, along its entire length from a cylindrical outer wall and an inner jacket with a part that widens radially in the direction of flow towards the nozzle mouth is encased.
  • An attachment 1 for a rock or gravel hammer drill is provided at both ends with a screw nipple 3 or 4, which are welded into a jacket 9.
  • a screw nipple 3 or 4 which are welded into a jacket 9.
  • annular nozzle 10 is formed, which bore 7 are fed via four feed bores 11 of a central compressed air.
  • the compressed air bore 7 passes through the two screw nipples 3 and 4 and the middle part 6 holding them.
  • the feed bores 11 are kinked and form a catch pocket 13.
  • the ring nozzle 10 which blows out against the drilling direction, has an inner nozzle jacket 14 with a part 15 that widens upwards Area of this compressed air system is designed as a nozzle mouth 18.
  • the nozzle chamber 19 converges against the nozzle mouth 18, so that the nozzle chamber 19 forms an actual pressure chamber.
  • a flushing device in the form of the attachment 1 is placed, for example, on a sink hammer.
  • the central compressed air bore 7 supplies the sink hammer with the compressed air required for impact drilling, as is known per se.
  • catch pockets is important for effortless operation, so that when the compressed air is turned off, not fine drilling material, in particular in the case of negative pressure formation, flows into the nozzle mouth or the nozzle chamber 19 and passes through the feed holes 11 into the central compressed air hole 7, because this would cause the sink hammer underneath exposed to rapid wear. The risk of nozzle clogging would also be significantly increased.
  • a special attachment 1 is shown for existing plunge hammers.
  • the gap width of the ring nozzles 10 used can be selected between 0.2 and 1 mm, preferably in the range from 0.3 to 0.6 mm. Power is supplied through at least four feed holes 1 with a 5mm diameter. Since a nozzle chamber 19 with pressure build-up is provided, the only requirement is that the total through-section of the feed bores 11 is considerably larger than the outlet cross-section of the nozzle mouth 18.
  • the drill rods can be provided with several flushing inserts or inserts 1 for large drilling depths.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

1. Method of drilling in rock or gravel soils, in which the drillings are conveyed outwards out of the drilled hole along a directed drilling column by means of compressed air exiting from the drill during drilling against the drill advance direction, characterized in that the exiting compressed-air jet, without any substantial effect resulting from the wall of the drilled hole, forms, in the immediate vicinity of the exit opening(s) (18) leading out of the drill, a self-contained compressed-air jet annular in cross-section and directed substantially axially upwards.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Gesteinsbohrer, versehen mit mindestens einer Austrittsöffnung zur Erzeugung eines im wesentlichen axial nach oben, entgegen dem Bohrvorschub gerichteten Druckluftstrahles.The present invention relates to a rock drill, provided with at least one outlet opening for generating a compressed air jet directed essentially axially upward against the drilling feed.

Es ist bekannt, beim Bohren von Gesteins- oder Kiesböden das anfallende Bohrgut, den sog. Bohrklein, mittels Druckluft aus dem Bohrloch zu fördern. Zu diesem Zwecke wurde bisher ausser aus zwei relativ kleinen Blasöffnungen in Bohrrichtung auch entgegen der Bohrrichtung aus zwei relativ kleinen Blasöffnungen mit einer relativ starken seitlichen Komponente Druckluft aus dem Bohrerausgeblasen. Dieses Vorgehen hat den Nachteil, dass die seitliche Komponente, insbesondere in Kiesböden, dazu neigt, gegenüber den Düsen liegende Aushöhlungen freizulegen. Dies behindert nicht nur den Fördervorgang, sondern kann zusätzliches Gesteinsmaterial in den Bohrschacht bringen, was unerwünscht ist. Auch genügt diese Austragung nicht, grössere Körner, z.B. in Zentimetergrösse, zu fördern. Mit diesem Verfahren gelingt es kaum, insbesondere in kiesigem Boden, Bohrlöcher von über 10m Tiefe zu bohren. Dieser Nachteil bringt es mit sich, dass gewisse Kiesgruben nicht mehr abbaubar wurden und dass insbesondere zum Erstellen tieferer Bohrlöcher in gewissen Gesteinen ganz einfach die Mittel fehlten. (GB-A 1 071418)It is known, when drilling rock or gravel soils, to convey the drilling material, the so-called cuttings, from the borehole by means of compressed air. For this purpose, apart from two relatively small blowing openings in the drilling direction, compressed air has been blown out of the drill against the drilling direction from two relatively small blowing openings with a relatively strong lateral component. This procedure has the disadvantage that the lateral component, particularly in gravel soils, tends to expose hollows lying opposite the nozzles. This not only impedes the production process, but can also bring additional rock material into the well, which is undesirable. This discharge is also not sufficient, larger grains, e.g. in centimeters, to promote. With this method it is hardly possible to drill holes of more than 10m depth, especially in gravelly soil. This disadvantage means that certain gravel pits could no longer be mined and that there was simply no means to dig deeper holes in certain rocks. (GB-A 1 071418)

In der US-A 3 011 571 wird ein Gesteinsbohrer beschrieben, welcher zur Entfernung des Bohrkleins aus dem Bohrloch Druckluft benützt. Diese wird durch entgegen dem Bohrvorschub gerichtete Kanäle parallel zur Bohrlochachse ausgestossen, was grundsätzlich das Aushöhlen der Bohrwandungen verhütet. Bedingt durch eine örtlich begrenzte Beaufschlagung mit Förderluft wird selbst beim Drehen des Bohrkopfes der Wegtransport, insbesondere auch grösserer Teilchen von Bohrklein, nicht sichergestellt, so dass bei Verwendung eines derartigen Gesteinsbohrers die Gefahr besteht, das Bohrklein nicht fortwährend mittels pneumatischen Transportes aus dem Bohrbereich zu entfernen.US Pat. No. 3,011,571 describes a rock drill which uses compressed air to remove the cuttings from the borehole. This is ejected parallel to the borehole axis through channels directed against the drilling feed, which basically prevents the drilling walls from being hollowed out. Due to the localized exposure to conveying air, even when the drill head is turned, the transport away, in particular also larger particles of cuttings, is not ensured, so that when using such a rock drill there is a risk of not continuously removing the cuttings from the drilling area by means of pneumatic transport .

Die Druckluftkanäle im Bohrkopf sind strömungstechnisch nicht optimal ausgebildet, was zur Folge hat, dass die Austrittsgeschwindigkeiten der Förderluft nicht die dem Druck entsprechenden optimalen Werte erreichen, was ebenfalls das Herausfördern des Bohrkleins aus dem Bohrloch negativ beeinflusst.The compressed air channels in the drill head are not optimal in terms of flow technology, which means that the outlet speeds of the conveying air do not reach the optimum values corresponding to the pressure, which also negatively influences the extraction of the cuttings from the borehole.

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezweckt die Schaffung eines Gesteinsbohrers, welcher erlaubt, grosse spezifische Bohrleistungen zu erreichen, mühelos grössere Bohrtiefen von einigen 10m zu bohren, und welche gestattet, auch grössere Körner von beispielsweise 20mm Durchmesser pneumatisch aus dem Bohrloch zu fördern.The present invention aims to provide a rock drill which allows to achieve large specific drilling performances, effortlessly drill larger drilling depths of a few 10m, and which also allows larger grains of, for example, 20mm diameter to be conveyed pneumatically out of the borehole.

Diese Aufgabe löst der erfindungsgemässe Gesteinsbohrer, der sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass zur Erzeugung des im Querschnitt ringförmigen, in sich geschlossenen Druckluftstrahles der Bohrer mindestens eine Düse mit in sich ringförmig geschlossenem, das Bohrgestänge umgebenden Düsenmund aufweist, welchem Düsenmund eine Druckkammer vorgelagert ist, wobei der Düsenmund den engsten Querschnitt des Druckluftsystems bildet und die Druckkammer als ein zur Bohrerachse ungefähr paralleler, zum Düsenmund führender, hohlzylinderförmiger Luftkanal ausgebildet ist, der auf seiner ganzen Länge von einer zylindrischen Aussenwand und einem Innenmantel mit einem sich in Strömungsrichtung gegen den Düsenmund hin radial erweiterenden Teil ummantelt ist.This problem is solved by the rock drill according to the invention, which is characterized in that in order to produce the compressed air jet which is ring-shaped in cross-section and closed, the drill has at least one nozzle with a nozzle nozzle which is closed in a ring and surrounds the drill pipe and which nozzle mouth is preceded by a pressure chamber, the The mouth of the nozzle forms the narrowest cross-section of the compressed air system and the pressure chamber is designed as a hollow cylindrical air duct that is roughly parallel to the drill axis and leads to the nozzle mouth, along its entire length from a cylindrical outer wall and an inner jacket with a part that widens radially in the direction of flow towards the nozzle mouth is encased.

Die Erfindung wird anschliesend beispielsweise anhand einer Figur erläutert, welche einen Längsschnitt durch einen derartigen Gesteinsbohrer in rein schematischer Weise darstellt.The invention is subsequently explained, for example, with reference to a figure, which represents a longitudinal section through such a rock drill in a purely schematic manner.

Ein Aufsatz 1 für einen Gesteins- bzw. Kiesbohrhammer ist an beiden Enden mit je einem Schraubnippel 3 bzw. 4 versehen, welche in einen Mantel 9 eingeschweisst sind. Am Mantel 9 ist eine Ringdüse 10 gebildet, welche über vier Zuspeisebohrungen 11 einer mittigen Druckluft bohrung 7 gespiesen werden. Die Druckluftbohrung 7 durchsetzt die beiden Schraubnippel 3 und 4 sowie den sie haltenden Mittelteil 6.An attachment 1 for a rock or gravel hammer drill is provided at both ends with a screw nipple 3 or 4, which are welded into a jacket 9. On the jacket 9, an annular nozzle 10 is formed, which bore 7 are fed via four feed bores 11 of a central compressed air. The compressed air bore 7 passes through the two screw nipples 3 and 4 and the middle part 6 holding them.

Die Zuspeisebohrungen 11 sind geknickt und bilden eine Fangtasche 13. Die entgegen der Bohrrichtung ausblasende Ringdüse 10 weist einen inneren Düsenmantel 14 auf mit einem sich nach oben erweiternden Teil 15. Die äussere Begrenzung der Ringdüse 10 erfolgt mittels eines äusseren Düsenmantels 17, an dessen Ende derengste Bereich dieses Druckluftsystems als Düsenmund 18 ausgebildet ist. Es läuft m.a.W. die Düsenkammer 19 gegen den Düsenmund 18 zusammen, so dass die Düsenkammer 19 eine eigentliche Druckkammer bildet. Im Betrieb wird eine derartige Spüleinrichtung in Form des Aufsatzes 1 z.B. auf einen Senkhammer aufgesetzt. Die mittige Druckluftbohrung 7 versorgt den Senkhammer mit der zum Schlagbohren nötigen Druckluft, wie dies an und für sich bekannt ist. Während des Betriebes wird der Druckluftbohrung 7 durch vier Zuspeisebohrungen 11 Druckluft entnommen und damit die Düsenkammer 19 mit Druckluft aufgeladen, welche, sich beschleunigend, durch den ringförmigen Düsenmund 18 entweicht und damit den sich erweiternden Teil 15 des Mantels 9 ringförmig umspült. Die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit ist sehr gross, da das Druckverhältnis über dem kritischen liegt. Es kann mithin theoretisch Schallgeschwindigkeit der austretenden Luft erreicht werden. Dadurch, dass die Hauptströmungsrichtung eindeutig in Richtung der Bohrstangenachse nach oben führt, ist ein seitliches Auswaschen der Bohrwände nicht möglich und ein Fördern recht grosser Teile von einigen cm gegeben. So werden kugelige Steine von 20mm Durchmesser mühelos auf einige 10m Bohrlochtiefe nach oben gefördert.The feed bores 11 are kinked and form a catch pocket 13. The ring nozzle 10, which blows out against the drilling direction, has an inner nozzle jacket 14 with a part 15 that widens upwards Area of this compressed air system is designed as a nozzle mouth 18. As a result, the nozzle chamber 19 converges against the nozzle mouth 18, so that the nozzle chamber 19 forms an actual pressure chamber. In operation, such a flushing device in the form of the attachment 1 is placed, for example, on a sink hammer. The central compressed air bore 7 supplies the sink hammer with the compressed air required for impact drilling, as is known per se. During operation, compressed air is removed from the compressed air bore 7 through four feed bores 11 and thus the nozzle chamber 19 is charged with compressed air, which, accelerating, escapes through the annular nozzle mouth 18 and thus flushes the widening part 15 of the jacket 9 in a ring shape. The exit speed is very high because the pressure ratio is above the critical one. Theoretically, the speed of sound of the exiting air can be achieved. Because the main flow direction clearly leads upwards in the direction of the boring bar axis, it is not possible to wash out the drilling walls from the side and convey quite large parts of a few cm. So be spherical Stones of 20mm in diameter are easily extracted up to a depth of 10m.

Es ist natürlich auch möglich, anstelle der dargestellten Ringdüse eine oder mehrere eng aneinanderliegende Lochreihen auf dem Umfang des Mantels 9 anzuordnen, auf welche Weise ebenfalls eine ringförmige Verteilung der pneumatischen Förderluft erreicht werden kann.It is of course also possible, instead of the ring nozzle shown, to arrange one or more closely spaced rows of holes on the circumference of the jacket 9, in which way an annular distribution of the pneumatic conveying air can also be achieved.

Das Anordnen von Fangtaschen ist für einen mühelosen Betrieb wichtig, damit bei abgestellter Druckluft nicht feines Bohrgut, insbesondere bei Unterdruckbildung, in den Düsenmund bzw. die Düsenkammer 19 fliesst und durch die Zuspeisebohrungen 11 in die mittige Druckluftbohrung 7 gelangt, denn dadurch würde der darunterliegende Senkhammer einem raschen Verschleiss ausgesetzt. Auch wäre die Gefahr der Verstopfung der Düsen wesentlich vergrössert.The arrangement of catch pockets is important for effortless operation, so that when the compressed air is turned off, not fine drilling material, in particular in the case of negative pressure formation, flows into the nozzle mouth or the nozzle chamber 19 and passes through the feed holes 11 into the central compressed air hole 7, because this would cause the sink hammer underneath exposed to rapid wear. The risk of nozzle clogging would also be significantly increased.

Im erläuterten Beispiel ist ein besonderer Aufsatz 1 für bestehende Senkhämmer dargestellt. Grundsätzlich ist es aber auch möglich, die Ringdüse 10 oder gegebenenfalls einzelne ringförmig angeordnete Düsenlöcher unmittelbar nch der Bohrkrone anzuordnen, um damit das Bohrloch kontinuierlich und unverzüglich nach dem Ausbrechen des Gesteins vom Bohrgut zu befreien und damit nicht nur die Bohrleistung optimal zu gestalten, sondern auch einen entsprechenden Vorschub beim Bohren sicherzustellen.In the illustrated example, a special attachment 1 is shown for existing plunge hammers. In principle, however, it is also possible to arrange the ring nozzle 10 or, if appropriate, individual ring-shaped nozzle holes immediately after the drill bit, so that the drill hole is continuously and immediately cleared of the drill material after the rock has broken out and not only to optimize the drilling performance, but also ensure an appropriate feed rate when drilling.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass bei einem Förderdruck von beispielsweise 7 bar, je nach Grösse der Bohrkrone variierend, für eine Bohrkrone von 76mm Durchmesser ca. 5m3 Pressluft/min gebraucht werden. Es ist aber auch mögllich, je nach Grund, mit zwei bis drei m3/min zu fahren. Entsprechend andere Pressluftmengen, nämlich ungefähr mit dem Bohrkronendurchmesser quadratisch steigend, verlangen grössere Bohrkronen. Die Spaltbreite von verwendeten Ringdüsen 10 kann zwischen 0,2 und 1mm gewählt werden, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,3 bis 0,6mm liegend. Die Speisung erfolgt durch mindestens vier Zuspeisebohrungen 1 mit 5mm Durchmesser. Da eine Düsenkammer 19 mit Druckaufbau vorgesehen ist, liegt die einzige Bedingung darin, dass der Gesamtdurchgangsquerschnitt der Zuspeisebohrungen 11 wesentlich grösser ist als der Austrittsquerschnitt des Düsenmundes 18.It has been shown that at a delivery pressure of, for example, 7 bar, varying depending on the size of the drill bit, about 5 m 3 of compressed air / min are required for a drill bit of 76 mm in diameter. But it is also possible, depending on the reason, to drive at two to three m 3 / min. Correspondingly different amounts of compressed air, namely increasing approximately square with the drill bit diameter, require larger drill bits. The gap width of the ring nozzles 10 used can be selected between 0.2 and 1 mm, preferably in the range from 0.3 to 0.6 mm. Power is supplied through at least four feed holes 1 with a 5mm diameter. Since a nozzle chamber 19 with pressure build-up is provided, the only requirement is that the total through-section of the feed bores 11 is considerably larger than the outlet cross-section of the nozzle mouth 18.

Zwecks stufenweiser Beschleunigung können bei grossen Bohrtiefen die Bohrgestänge mit mehreren Spülauf- bzw. -einsätzen 1 versehen werden.For gradual acceleration, the drill rods can be provided with several flushing inserts or inserts 1 for large drilling depths.

Claims (4)

1. Rock drill with at least one outlet aperture (18) for generating a compressed-air jet substantially directed axially upward and in the direction opposite to the drill feed, characterised in that, with a view to generating the compressed-air jet which is closed in itself and has an annular cross-section, the drill has at least one nozzle (10) with a nozzle outlet (18) closed in itself in the shape of a ring surrounding the drill pipe, with a pressure chamber (19) preceding nozzle outlet (18), whereby nozzle outlet (18) constitutes the narrowest cross-section of the compressed-air system and pressure chamber (19) is designed as a hollow cylindrical air duct approximately parallel to the axis of the drill leading to nozzle outlet (18), said air duct being surrounded over its entire length by a cylindrical outer wall (9) and an inner case (14) with a part (15) radially flared in the direction of flow towards the nozzle outlet.
2. Rock drill according to Claim 1, characterised in that the radially flared part (15) extends beyond outer nozzle case (17) and constitutes a part of the drill.
3. Rock drill according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that nozzle (10) is arranged within the drill pipe or within the drill head itself, preferably directly following the drill bit.
4. Rock drill according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that intercepting pockets (13) deflecting the compressed air and with separating effect are provided upstream of pressure chamber (19) in order to protect the inside (7) of the pipe from drill dust falling back from the borehole when the compressed air is switched off.
EP84110110A 1983-08-31 1984-08-24 Rock and gravel drilling method and rock-drill therefor Expired - Lifetime EP0141117B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84110110T ATE35640T1 (en) 1983-08-31 1984-08-24 METHOD OF DRILLING ROCK AND GRAVEL SOILS AND ROCK DRILLS FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4766/83 1983-08-31
CH476683 1983-08-31

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0141117A1 EP0141117A1 (en) 1985-05-15
EP0141117B1 EP0141117B1 (en) 1988-07-13
EP0141117B2 true EP0141117B2 (en) 1993-09-22

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ID=4282155

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EP84110110A Expired - Lifetime EP0141117B2 (en) 1983-08-31 1984-08-24 Rock and gravel drilling method and rock-drill therefor

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EP (1) EP0141117B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE35640T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3472641D1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110919544A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-03-27 重庆市星极齿轮有限责任公司 Grinding machine with automatic sealing function

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6540034B1 (en) * 2000-04-29 2003-04-01 Westerngeco L.L.C. Portable seismic shothole drilling system
CN101265786B (en) * 2008-04-24 2012-04-25 西南石油大学 Gas drilling rock carrying tool
US8277645B2 (en) 2008-12-17 2012-10-02 Jarvis Jr Ernest Automatic retractable screen system for storm drain inlets

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DE253290C (en) *
DE306297C (en) *
DE528577C (en) * 1929-07-13 1932-01-28 Karl Brunzel Dr Dust removal when drilling with compressed air
US2867140A (en) * 1955-12-15 1959-01-06 Metal Cutting Tools Inc Core drill
US3011571A (en) 1961-01-23 1961-12-05 Bree Oscar L De Self cleaning rock drill bit
GB1071418A (en) * 1963-08-19 1967-06-07 P & V Mining & Engineering Ltd Improvements in rock-drilling tools
DE1552463A1 (en) * 1966-09-15 1970-07-23 Tiefbohr Technik Gmbh Single-lip bur
DE1652700C3 (en) * 1968-01-17 1973-11-29 Alfred Loch, Maschinen-U. Apparatebau, 8300 Landshut Deep hole drilling machine for processing metallic workpieces
US4083417A (en) 1976-11-12 1978-04-11 Arnold James F Jetting apparatus
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110919544A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-03-27 重庆市星极齿轮有限责任公司 Grinding machine with automatic sealing function

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DE3472641D1 (en) 1988-08-18
EP0141117B1 (en) 1988-07-13
EP0141117A1 (en) 1985-05-15
ATE35640T1 (en) 1988-07-15

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