EP0141117B1 - Rock and gravel drilling method and rock-drill therefor - Google Patents

Rock and gravel drilling method and rock-drill therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0141117B1
EP0141117B1 EP84110110A EP84110110A EP0141117B1 EP 0141117 B1 EP0141117 B1 EP 0141117B1 EP 84110110 A EP84110110 A EP 84110110A EP 84110110 A EP84110110 A EP 84110110A EP 0141117 B1 EP0141117 B1 EP 0141117B1
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Prior art keywords
nozzle
drill
rock
drilling
compressed
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EP84110110A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0141117A1 (en
EP0141117B2 (en
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Walter Weber
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Schwarz Guenter
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Schwarz Guenter
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/16—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using gaseous fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

1. Method of drilling in rock or gravel soils, in which the drillings are conveyed outwards out of the drilled hole along a directed drilling column by means of compressed air exiting from the drill during drilling against the drill advance direction, characterized in that the exiting compressed-air jet, without any substantial effect resulting from the wall of the drilled hole, forms, in the immediate vicinity of the exit opening(s) (18) leading out of the drill, a self-contained compressed-air jet annular in cross-section and directed substantially axially upwards.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Bohren von Gesteins- oder Kiesböden, bei dem das Bohrklein mittels Druckluft aus dem Bohrloch aussen entlang dem Bohrgestänge gefördert wird, indem beim Bohren Druckluft entgegen dem Bohrvorschub gerichtet aus dem Bohrer zum Austritt gelangt, sowie einen Gesteinsbohrer zur Ausführung des Verfahrens.The present invention relates to a method for drilling rock or gravel soils, in which the cuttings are conveyed out of the borehole by means of compressed air from the outside along the drill pipe, in that compressed air comes out of the drill in a direction opposite to the drilling feed, and a rock drill for execution of the procedure.

Es ist bekannt, beim Bohren von Gesteins- oder Kiesböden das anfallende Bohrgut, das sog. Bohrklein, mittels Druckluft aus dem Bohrloch zu fördern. Zu diesem Zwecke wurde bisher ausser aus zwei relativ kleinen Blasöffnungen in Bohrrichtung auch entgegen der Bohrrichtung aus zwei relativ kleinen Blasöffnungen mit einer relativ starken seitlichen Komponente Druckluft aus dem Bohrer ausgeblasen. Dieses Vorgehen hat den Nachteil, dass die seitliche Komponente, insbesondere in Kiesböden, dazu neigt, gegenüber den Düsen liegende Aushöhlungen freizulegen. Dies behindert nicht nur den Fördervorgang, sondern kann zusätzliches Gesteinsmaterial in den Bohrschacht bringen, was unerwünscht ist. Auch genügt diese Austragung nicht, grössere Körner, z.B. in Zentimetergrösse, zu fördern. Mit diesem Verfahren gelingt es kaum, insbesondere in kiesigem Boden, Bohrlöcher von über 10 m Tiefe zu bohren. Dieser Nachteil bringt es mit sich, dass gewisse Kiesgruben nicht mehr abbaubar wurden und dass insbesondere zum Erstellen tieferer Bohrlöcher in gewissen Gesteinen ganz einfach die Mittel fehlten.When drilling rock or gravel soils, it is known to convey the drilling material, the so-called cuttings, from the borehole by means of compressed air. For this purpose, compressed air has previously been blown out of the drill with a relatively strong lateral component in addition to two relatively small blowing openings in the drilling direction, in the opposite direction to the drilling direction. This procedure has the disadvantage that the lateral component, particularly in gravel soils, tends to expose hollows lying opposite the nozzles. This not only hinders the production process, but can also bring additional rock material into the well, which is undesirable. This discharge is also not sufficient, larger grains, e.g. in centimeters, to promote. With this method, it is hardly possible to drill holes of more than 10 m depth, especially in gravelly soil. This disadvantage means that certain gravel pits could no longer be mined and that there was simply no means to dig deeper holes in certain rocks.

Ausgehend vom eingangs erwähnten Stand der Technik, wie aus der GB-A 1071418 vorbekannt, bezweckt die vorliegende Erfindung die Schaffung eines Verfahrens, welches diese Nachteile umgeht, und die Verwirklichung einer Spüleinrichtung für Gesteins- und Kiesbohrer, welche erlaubt, grosse spezifische Bohrleistungen zu erreichen, mühelos grössere Bohrtiefen von einigen 10 m zu bohren, und welche gestattet, auch grössere Körner von beispielsweise 20 mm Durchmesser pneumatisch aus dem Bohrloch zu fördern.Starting from the prior art mentioned at the outset, as previously known from GB-A 1071418, the present invention aims to provide a method which overcomes these disadvantages and the implementation of a flushing device for rock and gravel bores which allows large specific drilling capacities to be achieved , easy to drill larger drilling depths of a few 10 m, and which allows even larger grains, for example 20 mm in diameter, to be pneumatically extracted from the borehole.

Diese Aufgabe löst das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren, das sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass der austretende Druckluftstrahl ohne wesentliche Einwirkung durch die Bohrlochwand im unmittelbaren Bereich der Austrittsöffnung(en) aus dem Bohrer einen im Querschnitt ringförmigen, nach oben im wesentlichen axial gerichteten, in sich geschlossenen Druckluftstrahl bildet.This object is achieved by the method according to the invention, which is characterized in that the exiting compressed air jet forms a closed compressed air jet with a cross-section, essentially axially directed upward, in the immediate vicinity of the outlet opening (s) from the drill without any significant action through the borehole wall .

Der Gesteinsbohrer zur Ausführung dieses Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Erzeugung des im Querschnitt ringförmigen, nach oben im wesentlichen axial gerichteten, in sich geschlossenen Druckluftstrahles der Bohrer entweder mindestens eine Düse mit in sich ringförmig geschlossenem Düsenmund oder mindestens eine Vielzahl von ringförmig angeordneten Düsenlöchern aufweist.The rock drill for carrying out this method is characterized in that, in order to produce the compressed air jet which is ring-shaped in cross-section, essentially axially directed upwards, the drill has either at least one nozzle with an internally closed nozzle mouth or at least a plurality of ring-shaped nozzle holes .

Die Erfindung wird anschliessend beispielsweise anhand einer Figur erläutert, welche einen Längsschnitt durch eine derartige Spüleinrichtung in rein schematischer Weise darstellt.The invention is subsequently explained, for example, with reference to a figure, which represents a longitudinal section through such a flushing device in a purely schematic manner.

Ein Aufsatz 1 für einen Gesteins- bzw. Kiesbohrhammer ist an beiden Enden mit je einem Schraubnippel 3 bzw. 4versehen, welche in einen Mantel 9 eingeschweisst sind. Am Mantel 9 ist eine Ringdüse 10 gebildet, welche über vier Zuspeisebohrungen 11 einer mittigen Druckluftbohrung 7 gespiesen werden. Die Druckluftbohrung 7 durchsetzt die beiden Schraubnippel 3 und 4 sowie den sie haltenden Mittelteil 6.An attachment 1 for a rock or gravel hammer drill is provided at both ends with a screw nipple 3 or 4, which are welded into a casing 9. An annular nozzle 10 is formed on the jacket 9 and is fed via four feed bores 11 of a central compressed air bore 7. The compressed air bore 7 passes through the two screw nipples 3 and 4 and the middle part 6 holding them.

Die Zuspeisebohrungen 11 sind geknickt und bilden eine Fangtasche 13. Die entgegen der Bohrrichtung ausblasende Ringdüse 10 weist einen inneren Düsenmatel 14 auf, mit einem sich nach oben erweiternden Teil 15. Die äussere Begrenzung der Ringdüse 10 erfolgt mittels eines äusseren Düsenmantels 17, an dessen Ende der engste Bereich dieses Druckluftsystems als Düsenmund 18 ausgebildet ist. Es läuft mithin die Düsenkammer 19 gegen den Düsenmund 18 zusammen, so dass die Düsenkammer 19 eine eigentliche Druckkammer bildet. Im Betrieb wird eine derartige Spüleinrichtung in Form des Aufsatzes 1, z.B. auf einen Senkhammer aufgesetzt. Die mittige Druckluftbohrung 7 versorgt den Senkhammer mit der zum Schlagbohren nötigen Druckluft, wie dies an und für sich bekannt ist. Während des Betriebes wird der Druckluftbohrung 7 durch vier Zuspeisebohrungen 11 Druckluft entnommen und damit die Düsenkammer 19 mit Druckluft aufgeladen, welche, sich beschleunigend, durch den ringförmigen Düsenmund 18 entweicht und damit den sich erweiternden Teil 15 des Mantels 9 ringförmig umspült. Die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit ist sehr gross, da das Druckverhältnis über dem kritischen liegt. Es kann mithin theoretisch Schallgeschwindigkeit der austretenden Luft erreicht werden. Dadurch, dass die Hauptströmungsrichtung eindeutig in Richtung der Bohrstangenachse nach oben führt, ist ein seitliches Auswaschen der Bohrwände nicht möglich, und ein Fördern recht grosser Teile von einigen cm gegeben. So werden kugelige Steine von 20 mm Durchmesser mühelos auf einige 10 m Bohrlochtiefe nach oben gefördert.The feed bores 11 are kinked and form a catch pocket 13. The ring nozzle 10, which blows out against the drilling direction, has an inner nozzle shell 14 with a part 15 that widens upwards. The outer boundary of the ring nozzle 10 takes place by means of an outer nozzle shell 17 at the end the narrowest area of this compressed air system is designed as a nozzle mouth 18. It thus converges the nozzle chamber 19 against the nozzle mouth 18, so that the nozzle chamber 19 forms an actual pressure chamber. In operation, such a flushing device in the form of the attachment 1, e.g. placed on a hammer. The central compressed air bore 7 supplies the sink hammer with the compressed air required for impact drilling, as is known per se. During operation, compressed air is removed from the compressed air bore 7 through four feed bores 11 and thus the nozzle chamber 19 is charged with compressed air, which, accelerating, escapes through the annular nozzle mouth 18 and thus rings around the widening part 15 of the jacket 9 in a ring shape. The exit speed is very high because the pressure ratio is above the critical one. Theoretically, the speed of sound of the exiting air can be achieved. Because the main flow direction clearly leads upwards in the direction of the boring bar axis, it is not possible to wash out the drilling walls from the side, and quite large parts of a few cm are conveyed. Spherical stones with a diameter of 20 mm are easily extracted up to a depth of 10 m.

Es ist natürlich auch möglich, anstelle der dargestellten Ringdüse eine oder mehrere eng aneinanderliegende Lochreihen auf dem Umfang des Mantels 9 anzuordnen, auf welche Weise ebenfalls eine ringförmige Verteilung der pneumatischen Förderluft erreicht werden kann. Es ist auch möglich, grundsätzlich diese Öffnungen oder die Ringdüse lavalförmig zu konzipieren, um nach Erreichen von Schallgeschwindigkeit im engsten Querschnitt die Luft auf Überschallgeschwindigkeit zu beschleunigen.It is of course also possible to arrange one or more rows of holes close to one another on the circumference of the jacket 9 instead of the ring nozzle shown, in which way an annular distribution of the pneumatic conveying air can also be achieved. It is also possible to fundamentally design these openings or the annular nozzle in a laval shape in order to accelerate the air to supersonic speed in the narrowest cross-section after sound speed has been reached.

Das Anordnen von Fangtaschen ist für einen mühelosen Betrieb wichtig, damit bei abgestellter Druckluft nicht feines Bohrgut, insbesondere bei Unterdruckbildung, in den Düsenmund bzw. die Düsenkammer 19 fliesst und durch die Zuspeisebohrungen 11 in die mittige Druckluftbohrung 7 gelangt, denn dadurch würde der darunter liegende Senkhammer einem raschen Verschleiss ausgesetzt. Auch wäre die Gefahr der Verstopfung der Düsen wesentlich vergrössert.The arrangement of catch pockets is important for effortless operation, so that when the compressed air is turned off, not fine drilling material, in particular in the case of negative pressure formation, flows into the nozzle mouth or the nozzle chamber 19 and reaches the central compressed air bore 7 through the feed bores 11, since this would result in the underlying one Senkhammer a quick Ver exposed to wear. The risk of nozzle clogging would also be significantly increased.

Im erläuterten Beispiel ist ein besonderer Aufsatz 1 für bestehende Senkhämmer dargestellt. Grundsätzlich ist es aber auch möglich, die Ringdüse 10 oder gegebenenfalls einzelne ringförmig angeordnete Düsenlöcher unmittelbar nach der Bohrkrone anzuordnen, um damit das Bohrloch kontinuierlich und unverzüglich nach dem Ausbrechen des Gesteins vom Bohrgut zu befreien und damit nicht nur die Bohrleistung optimal zu gestalten, sondern auch einen entsprechenden Vorschub beim Bohren sicherzustellen.In the illustrated example, a special attachment 1 is shown for existing plunge hammers. In principle, however, it is also possible to arrange the ring nozzle 10 or, if appropriate, individual ring-shaped nozzle holes immediately after the drill bit, so that the drill hole is continuously and immediately cleared of the drill material after the rock has broken out and not only to optimize the drilling performance, but also ensure an appropriate feed rate when drilling.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass bei einem Förderdruck von beispielsweise 7 bar, je nach Grösse der Bohrkrone variierend, für eine Bohrkrone von 76 mm Durchmesser ca. 5 m3 Presstuft/min gebraucht werden. Es ist aber auch möglich, je nach der Bodenbeschaffenheit mit 2 bis 3 m3/min zu fahren. Entsprechend andere Pressluftmengen, nämlich ungefähr mit dem Bohrkronendurchmesser quadratisch steigend, verlangen grössere Bohrkronen. Die Spaltbreite von verwendeten Ringdüsen 10 kann zwischen 0,2 und einem mm gewählt werden, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,3 bis 0,6 mm liegend. Die Speisung erfolgt durch mindestens vier Zuspeisebohrungen 1 mit 5 mm Durchmesser. Da eine Düsenkammer 19 mit Druckaufbau vorgesehen ist, liegt die einzige Bedingung darin, dass der Gesamtdurchgangsquerschnitt der Zuspeisebohrungen 11 wesentlich grösser ist als der Austrittsquerschnitt des Düsenmundes 18.It has been shown that with a delivery pressure of, for example, 7 bar, varying depending on the size of the drill bit, about 5 m 3 press step / min are required for a drill bit of 76 mm in diameter. However, it is also possible to drive at 2 to 3 m 3 / min depending on the nature of the ground. Correspondingly different amounts of compressed air, namely increasing roughly with the drill bit diameter, require larger drill bits. The gap width of the ring nozzles 10 used can be chosen between 0.2 and 1 mm, preferably in the range from 0.3 to 0.6 mm. Power is supplied through at least four feed holes 1 with a 5 mm diameter. Since a nozzle chamber 19 with pressure build-up is provided, the only requirement is that the total through-section of the feed bores 11 is considerably larger than the outlet cross-section of the nozzle mouth 18.

Zwecks stufenweiser Beschleunigung können bei grossen Bohrtiefen die Bohrgestänge mit mehreren Spülauf- bzw. -einsätzen 1 versehen werden.For gradual acceleration, the drill rods can be provided with several flushing inserts or inserts 1 for large drilling depths.

Claims (7)

1. Method of drilling in rock or gravel soils, in which the drillings are conveyed outwards out of the drilled hole along a directed drilling column by means of compressed air exiting from the drill during drilling against the drill advance direction, charaterized in that the exiting compressed-air jet, without any substantial effect resulting from the wall of the drilled hole, forms, in the immediate vicinity of the exit opening(s) (18) leading out of the drill, a self-contained compressed-air jet annular in cross-section and directed substantially axially upwards.
2. Rock drill for performing the method according to claim 1, provided with at least one exit opening (18) for producing a compressed-air jet directed against the drill advance direction, characterized in that, to produce the self-contained compressed-air jet annular in cross-section and directed substantially axially upwards, the drill has either at least one nozzle (10) having a nozzle opening (18) self-contained in an annular shape or at least a plurality of nozzle holes arranged in an annular shape.
3. Rock drill according to claim 2, characterized in that the nozzle (10) has an inner shell (14) which has a part (15) widening in the flow direction, this part (15) preferably extending beyond the outer nozzle shell (17) and forming a part of the drill.
4. Rock drill according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the inner and the outer nozzle shell (14 and 17 resp.) define a nozzle chamber (19) which narrows towards the nozzle opening (18).
5. Rock drill according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the nozzle(s) (10) are designed as Laval nozzles in order to produce a supersonic flow.
6. Rock drill according to any of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the nozzle (10) is arranged in the drilling column or in the drilling head itself.
7. Rock drill according to any of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that catch pockets (13), which deflect the compressed air and have a collector effect are provided at a position upstream of the nozzle chamber (19) in order to protect the inside (7) of the column from drilling dust falling back out of the drilled hole in the event that the compressed air has been shut off.
EP84110110A 1983-08-31 1984-08-24 Rock and gravel drilling method and rock-drill therefor Expired - Lifetime EP0141117B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84110110T ATE35640T1 (en) 1983-08-31 1984-08-24 METHOD OF DRILLING ROCK AND GRAVEL SOILS AND ROCK DRILLS FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4766/83 1983-08-31
CH476683 1983-08-31

Publications (3)

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EP0141117A1 EP0141117A1 (en) 1985-05-15
EP0141117B1 true EP0141117B1 (en) 1988-07-13
EP0141117B2 EP0141117B2 (en) 1993-09-22

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EP84110110A Expired - Lifetime EP0141117B2 (en) 1983-08-31 1984-08-24 Rock and gravel drilling method and rock-drill therefor

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AT (1) ATE35640T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3472641D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6540034B1 (en) * 2000-04-29 2003-04-01 Westerngeco L.L.C. Portable seismic shothole drilling system
CN101265786B (en) * 2008-04-24 2012-04-25 西南石油大学 Gas drilling rock carrying tool
US8277645B2 (en) 2008-12-17 2012-10-02 Jarvis Jr Ernest Automatic retractable screen system for storm drain inlets
CN110919544B (en) * 2019-12-18 2021-01-05 重庆市星极齿轮有限责任公司 Grinding machine with automatic sealing function

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE253290C (en) *
DE306297C (en) *
DE528577C (en) * 1929-07-13 1932-01-28 Karl Brunzel Dr Dust removal when drilling with compressed air
US2867140A (en) * 1955-12-15 1959-01-06 Metal Cutting Tools Inc Core drill
US3011571A (en) 1961-01-23 1961-12-05 Bree Oscar L De Self cleaning rock drill bit
GB1071418A (en) * 1963-08-19 1967-06-07 P & V Mining & Engineering Ltd Improvements in rock-drilling tools
DE1552463A1 (en) * 1966-09-15 1970-07-23 Tiefbohr Technik Gmbh Single-lip bur
DE1652700C3 (en) * 1968-01-17 1973-11-29 Alfred Loch, Maschinen-U. Apparatebau, 8300 Landshut Deep hole drilling machine for processing metallic workpieces
US4083417A (en) 1976-11-12 1978-04-11 Arnold James F Jetting apparatus
FR2388624A1 (en) * 1977-04-25 1978-11-24 Cri Dan TUBE BORING DEVICE WITH REFRIGERANT LIQUID INJECTION

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Publication number Publication date
DE3472641D1 (en) 1988-08-18
EP0141117A1 (en) 1985-05-15
ATE35640T1 (en) 1988-07-15
EP0141117B2 (en) 1993-09-22

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