EP0138435A2 - Echangeur de chaleur à tubes et à ailettes - Google Patents

Echangeur de chaleur à tubes et à ailettes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0138435A2
EP0138435A2 EP84306493A EP84306493A EP0138435A2 EP 0138435 A2 EP0138435 A2 EP 0138435A2 EP 84306493 A EP84306493 A EP 84306493A EP 84306493 A EP84306493 A EP 84306493A EP 0138435 A2 EP0138435 A2 EP 0138435A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
heat exchanger
manifold
legs
interconnected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84306493A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0138435A3 (fr
Inventor
James Edward Farry, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motors Liquidation Co
Original Assignee
Motors Liquidation Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motors Liquidation Co filed Critical Motors Liquidation Co
Publication of EP0138435A2 publication Critical patent/EP0138435A2/fr
Publication of EP0138435A3 publication Critical patent/EP0138435A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0475—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
    • F28F9/0209—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only transversal partitions
    • F28F9/0212—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only transversal partitions the partitions being separate elements attached to header boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0243—Header boxes having a circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0084—Condensers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to tube and fin heat exchangers and more particularly to manifold arrangements therefor.
  • the function is to reject heat from the refrigerant inside the tubes to the ambient air passing over the condenser exterior with the resistance to heat transfer kept as balanced as possible by adding fins to the condenser exterior (i.e. in contact with the tubes).
  • the main mechanism for heat transfer on the refrigerant side is condensing where the thermal energy of the phase change is rejected to the cooling air. It is a characteristic of all condensing fluids that only one condensing temperature exists for a given condensing pressure.
  • the conventional automotive air conditioning condenser employs U-shaped tubes commonly referred to as "hairpins" which are inter-connected at their ends so as to form a plurality of fluid passes of two hairpin legs or tube lengths each.
  • These condensers exhibit good refrigerant pressure drop characteristics so long as the depth or core thickness allows for a large enough tube diameter.
  • the present invention is an improved manifold arrangement characterized by separate multi-pass manifolds which interconnect the ends of the hairpins when the latter are arranged diagonally so that the fluid is caused to flow in several passes of several hairpin legs or tube lengths each across the heat exchanger.
  • Various embodiments will be disclosed with the pass pattern effected by the improved manifolds in each case providing a substantially reduced pressure drop as compared with conventional manifolding having many passes but with just two hairpin legs or tube lengths each.
  • the resulting improvement can be measured in heat transfer rate per pound of heat exchanger material and on a comparison basis of equal heat transfer and pressure drop performance of acceptable levels at certain vehicle speeds was found to provide as much as about 65% increase in BTU/MIN. LB. METAL.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a tube and fin heat exchanger constructed according to the present invention and adapted for use as a condenser in an automotive air conditioning system.
  • the condenser basically comprises a pair of headers 10 and 12, a plurality of U-shaped tubes or hairpins 14, each comprising two substantially parallel legs 24 interconnected by a U-shaped bight portion 26, a plurality of fins 16 and a manifold arrangement generally designated as 18 having an inlet fitting 20 and an outlet fitting 22 by which the condenser is connected in the refrigerant system.
  • Both the headers 10 and 12 and the fins 16 are stamped sheet metal pieces and are each perforated in identical patterns with two parallel rows of equally spaced holes to receive the parallel legs 24 of the hairpins 14.
  • the hairpin legs 24 extend through the holes in the header 12 such that the bight portions 26 are at one end of the heat exchanger (the righthand end as viewed in Figure 1).
  • the two legs 24 of the hairpins then extend through the holes in the fins 16 and on through those in the other header 10 with the hairpins all angled diagonally in the same direction as best shown in Figure 2 such that one leg of each hairpin extends through a hole in one of the rows and the other hairpin leg extends through a hole in the other and adjacent row.
  • the manifold arrangement 18 is formed so as to effect by connection with the hairpins a multi-pass circuit of several hairpin legs or tube lengths each across the heat exchanger that produces only a small refrigerant pressure drop between the inlet and outlet when the condenser is formed with hairpins of 6.35 mm (1/4") O.D. that allow a shallow depth X (see Figure 3) of about 25.4 mm (1.0").
  • the manifold arrangement is compartmentized so as to interconnect them such that there are two passes across the heat exchanger of five hairpin legs or tube lengths 24 each and eight passes of four hairpin legs or tube lengths 24 each.
  • the manifold tubes 28 and 30 are each perforated with a row of equally spaced holes along their length which receive and are joined, such as by soldering or brazing, to the open ends of the hairpin legs.
  • the manifold tube 28 is thus joined with one leg of each of the hairpins in the tube row 32 while the other manifold tube 30 is joined with the other leg of each of the hairpins in the tube row 34.
  • the multipass arrangement is completed by two plugs 40, 42 inserted in the manifold tube 28 and two plugs 44 and 46 inserted in the other manifold tube 30 with these plugs axially spaced in relation to each other so as to define three plenum chambers 48, 50 and 52 in the manifold tube 28 and three plenum chambers 54, 56 and 58 in the other manifold tube 30.
  • the plenum chamber 48 in the manifold tube 28 is directly joined with the inlet pipe and also with one leg each of five of the hairpins 24 in the row 32.
  • the other leg of these hairpins in the row 34 are in turn directly connected to the adjacent plenum chamber 54 in the other manifold tube 30 to thus complete two passes of five tube lengths each across the condenser.
  • the latter manifold plenum chamber 54 also directly joins with one leg each of four other hairpins in the row 34 with the other leg of these hairpins in the other row 32 in turn connected to the adjacent manifold plenum chamber 50 in the manifold tube 28 to thus complete two passes but of four tube lengths each. Then in continuing zig-zag fashion, the manifold plenum chamber 50 directly joins with one leg of four other hairpins whose other leg is connected to the manifold plenum chamber 56 to make two more passes of four tube lengths each.
  • the latter manifold plenum chamber 56 in the manifold tube 30 also joins directly with the leg of four more hairpins in the row 34 with other leg of these hairpins in turn joined to the remaining plenum 52 in the manifold tube 28 to complete two more passes of four tube lengths each across the condenser.
  • the latter manifold plenum 52 also directly joins with the leg of the four remaining hairpins in the row 32 with the other leg of these hairpins in turn connected to the last manifold plenum chamber 58 in the manifold tube which leads directly to the outlet pipe and completes the last of two passes of four tube lengths each across the condenser.
  • the embodiment of the manifold arrangement shown in Figure 4 has parts similar to those in Figures 1-3 designated by the same numbers but with the suffix A and added parts identified by new numbers and provides fourteen passes with three hairpin legs each, using the twenty-one hairpins 14A. These additional passes, but with less tube lengths each, are formed by retaining the plugs 40A,42A,44A and 4.6A but now in different locations and adding one more plug 60 and 62 in the respective manifold tubes 28A and 30A which remain connected at their one end to the respective inlet pipe 36A and outlet pipe 38A as before.
  • the embodiment of the manifold arrangement shown in Figure 5 has parts similar to those in Figures 1-3 designated by the same numbers but with the suffix B and added parts identified by new numbers and provides six passes with five hairpin legs each, two passes with four hairpin legs each and two passes with two hairpin legs each using the twenty-one hairpins 14B.
  • These three descending numbers of passes are formed by retaining the same number of plugs as in the Figure 1-3 embodiment but.in different relative axial locations with the plug 40B remaining in the same location as the plug 40 in Figure 2 but the other plugs 42B,44B and 46B relocated to effect the different number passes.
  • the manifold plenum chamber 48B which is connected to the inlet pipe 36B thus remains directly connected with one leg each of five of the hairpins 14B as does the plenum chamber 54B with the other leg of these hairpins.
  • the plenum chamber 54B as well as plenum chambers SOB and 56B are also similarly connected with one leg of five of the hairpins while the manifold plenum chamber 56B is also now connected with one leg each of four of the hairpins as is the plenum chamber 52B while the manifold plenum chamber 52B is also now connected as is the plenum chamber 58B with one leg each of the two remaining hairpins.
  • the last plenum chamber 58B remains connected to the outlet pipe 38B to complete the circuit which will be referred to as the 5-5-5-5-5-5-4-4-2-2 manifold arrangement.
  • the embodiment of the manifold arrangement shown in Figure 6 has parts similar to those in Figures 1-4 designated by the same numbers but with the suffix C and provides two passes with five hairpin legs each, four passes with four hairpin legs each, four passes with three hairpin legs each and two passes with two hairpin legs each using the twenty-one hairpins 14C.
  • These passes are provided with the same number of plugs in the manifold pipe 28C as in the Figure 4 embodiment; namely three and designated as 40C, 42C and 60C while, in the other manifold pipe 30C they are provided with only two plugs like in the Figure 1-3 embodiment and designated as 44C and 46C.
  • the plugs are located in their respective manifold pipes and relative to those in the other manifold pipe such that the manifold plenum chamber 48C which remains connected to the inlet pipe 36C is connected to one leg each of five hairpins as is the manifold plenum chamber 54C to the other legs and to one leg each of four more hairpins, each of whose other leg is connected to the manifold plenum chamber 50C.
  • the latter plenum chamber 50C is similarly connected to one leg each of four more hairpins as is the plenum chamber 56C to the other legs and to one leg of three more hairpins,each of whose other leg is connected to the plenum chamber 52C.
  • the latter plenum chamber is in turn open to one leg of still three more hairpins, each of whose other leg is connected to the plenum chamber 58C.
  • the latter plenum chamber connects with one leg each of the two remaining hairpins, the other legs of which are connected with the remaining plenum 64C which is now connected directly to the outlet tube 38C, i.e. both the inlet pipe 36C and outlet pipe 38C being thus connected to the one manifold pipe 28C as compared with the previous embodiments wherein the outlet pipe was connected with the other manifold pipe 30,30A and 30B.
  • This manifold arrangement following the previous manner of description will thus be referred to as the 5-5-4-4-4-4-3-3-3-3-2-2 manifold arrangement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP84306493A 1983-10-19 1984-09-24 Echangeur de chaleur à tubes et à ailettes Withdrawn EP0138435A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US54340683A 1983-10-19 1983-10-19
US543406 1983-10-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0138435A2 true EP0138435A2 (fr) 1985-04-24
EP0138435A3 EP0138435A3 (fr) 1986-05-14

Family

ID=24167904

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84306493A Withdrawn EP0138435A3 (fr) 1983-10-19 1984-09-24 Echangeur de chaleur à tubes et à ailettes

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0138435A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60101483A (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0255313A2 (fr) * 1986-07-29 1988-02-03 Showa Aluminum Kabushiki Kaisha Condenseur
US5190100A (en) * 1986-07-29 1993-03-02 Showa Aluminum Corporation Condenser for use in a car cooling system
US5246064A (en) * 1986-07-29 1993-09-21 Showa Aluminum Corporation Condenser for use in a car cooling system
EP0619468A2 (fr) * 1993-04-06 1994-10-12 General Motors Corporation Echangeur de chaleur-évaporateur
US5458190A (en) * 1986-07-29 1995-10-17 Showa Aluminum Corporation Condenser
US5482112A (en) * 1986-07-29 1996-01-09 Showa Aluminum Kabushiki Kaisha Condenser
US5531268A (en) * 1993-11-24 1996-07-02 Showa Aluminum Corporation Heat exchanger
US5607012A (en) * 1995-06-12 1997-03-04 General Motors Corporation Heat exchanger
USRE35742E (en) * 1986-07-29 1998-03-17 Showa Aluminum Corporation Condenser for use in a car cooling system
EP0900605A2 (fr) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-10 General Motors Corporation Procédé de fabrication d'un collecteur compartimenté cylindrique d'un échangeur de chaleur

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH072859U (ja) * 1993-05-28 1995-01-17 ヤンマーディーゼル株式会社 熱交換器
JP4933942B2 (ja) * 2007-04-10 2012-05-16 花岡産業株式会社 ポストパレット

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191325585A (en) * 1912-12-30 1914-10-01 Joseph Dwyer Improvements in Condensers for Ammonia Gas Refrigerating Apparatus.
GB139364A (en) * 1919-05-14 1920-03-04 Leuig Chew Improvements in condensing apparatus for refrigerating machines
GB700960A (en) * 1951-01-18 1953-12-16 Lehmann Ernst Air heater
US2733899A (en) * 1956-02-07 Lehmann
US3835920A (en) * 1972-02-22 1974-09-17 Gen Motors Corp Compact fluid heat exchanger
FR2222623A1 (en) * 1973-03-22 1974-10-18 Chausson Usines Sa Multi-tube motor vehicle radiator - has vert. U-shaped tubes joining separate sections of single water box
FR2405453A1 (fr) * 1977-10-10 1979-05-04 Bretagne Atel Chantiers Procede de montage de faisceaux de tubes ailetes en tiroirs dissociables de l'enveloppe d'un echangeur thermique

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2733899A (en) * 1956-02-07 Lehmann
GB191325585A (en) * 1912-12-30 1914-10-01 Joseph Dwyer Improvements in Condensers for Ammonia Gas Refrigerating Apparatus.
GB139364A (en) * 1919-05-14 1920-03-04 Leuig Chew Improvements in condensing apparatus for refrigerating machines
GB700960A (en) * 1951-01-18 1953-12-16 Lehmann Ernst Air heater
US3835920A (en) * 1972-02-22 1974-09-17 Gen Motors Corp Compact fluid heat exchanger
FR2222623A1 (en) * 1973-03-22 1974-10-18 Chausson Usines Sa Multi-tube motor vehicle radiator - has vert. U-shaped tubes joining separate sections of single water box
FR2405453A1 (fr) * 1977-10-10 1979-05-04 Bretagne Atel Chantiers Procede de montage de faisceaux de tubes ailetes en tiroirs dissociables de l'enveloppe d'un echangeur thermique

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5482112A (en) * 1986-07-29 1996-01-09 Showa Aluminum Kabushiki Kaisha Condenser
USRE35742E (en) * 1986-07-29 1998-03-17 Showa Aluminum Corporation Condenser for use in a car cooling system
EP0255313A2 (fr) * 1986-07-29 1988-02-03 Showa Aluminum Kabushiki Kaisha Condenseur
US5190100A (en) * 1986-07-29 1993-03-02 Showa Aluminum Corporation Condenser for use in a car cooling system
EP0255313A3 (en) * 1986-07-29 1989-08-09 Showa Aluminum Kabushiki Kaisha Condenser
USRE35711E (en) * 1986-07-29 1998-01-06 Showa Aluminum Corporation Condenser for use in a car cooling system
USRE35655E (en) * 1986-07-29 1997-11-11 Showa Aluminum Corporation Condenser for use in a car cooling system
US5458190A (en) * 1986-07-29 1995-10-17 Showa Aluminum Corporation Condenser
EP0360362A1 (fr) * 1986-07-29 1990-03-28 Showa Aluminum Kabushiki Kaisha Condenseur
US5246064A (en) * 1986-07-29 1993-09-21 Showa Aluminum Corporation Condenser for use in a car cooling system
EP0619468A3 (fr) * 1993-04-06 1995-04-26 Gen Motors Corp Echangeur de chaleur-évaporateur.
EP0619468A2 (fr) * 1993-04-06 1994-10-12 General Motors Corporation Echangeur de chaleur-évaporateur
US5531268A (en) * 1993-11-24 1996-07-02 Showa Aluminum Corporation Heat exchanger
US5607012A (en) * 1995-06-12 1997-03-04 General Motors Corporation Heat exchanger
EP0900605A2 (fr) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-10 General Motors Corporation Procédé de fabrication d'un collecteur compartimenté cylindrique d'un échangeur de chaleur
US5898996A (en) * 1997-09-05 1999-05-04 General Motors Corporation Method of forming a cylindrical heat exchanger header tank
EP0900605A3 (fr) * 1997-09-05 2002-01-16 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Procédé de fabrication d'un collecteur compartimenté cylindrique d'un échangeur de chaleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0138435A3 (fr) 1986-05-14
JPS60101483A (ja) 1985-06-05

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Inventor name: FARRY, JAMES EDWARD, JR.