Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
  • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/75—Amino oxides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
  • C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
  • C11D3/3956—Liquid compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
  • C11D1/143—Sulfonic acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
  • C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
  • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
  • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds

Definitions

• This invention relates to aqueous liquid detergent compositions and more especially to aqueous liquid detergent compositions of high viscosity.
• a thick consistency is advantageous for a liquid detergent composition, particularly one employed for cleaning hard surfaces, as the increased viscosity assists the retention of the neat composition on non-horizontal surfaces thereby enhancing the effect of the active ingredient. Viscous liquid detergent compositions are also preferred by the consumer over 'thinner' products, apparently on aesthetic grounds.
• High viscosity aqueous liquids can be produced in a number of ways. High concentrations of dissolved solid materials such as sugars give rise to syrups.
• polymeric organic compounds such as gums and cellulose derivatives, that swell in aqueous media, is also a common technique used to increase viscosity.
• Surfactant compounds that interact with each other to produce micellar structures are also recognised as a means of thickening aqueous systems.
• 1,418,671 contemplates the preparation of aqueous media having viscosities of from 1 to 60 poise at 20°C as an intermediate step in the formation of a liquid containing a particulate abrasive suspended dispersion of a filamentary network in the aqueous media viscosity disclosed by BP 1,318,671 is about 50 centipoises.
• Amine oxides are well known as components of thickened aqueous detergent compositions and are disclosed for this purpose in the above mentioned prior art.
• the references in the art are to amine oxides in which the hydrophobic group conferring surface activity is a linear alkyl moiety but certain of the prior art disclosures, notably British Patent Application No. 2,003,522A and European 0021581 disclose the use of amine oxides in which the hydrophobic alkyl group is branched.
• an aqueous single phase liquid detergent composition having a viscosity of >180 centipoises at 20°C and comprising not more than 3.0% by weight of a surfactant system consisting of a mixture of from 80% to 99.9% by weight of the system of a tertiary amine oxide having the formula R 1 R 2 R 3 N ⁇ 0 wherein R 1 is a C 12 -C 18 alkyl group which is linear or which contains no more than 70% methyl or ethyl branching, R 2 and R 3 are C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 1 -C 4 hydroxy alkyl, and from 0.1% to 20% by weight of the system of an anionic surfactant salt incorporating an aliphatic moiety having an average carbon chain length of more than 12 and less than 18 atoms, said moiety comprising at least 40% by weight of said anionic surfactant, together with at least one ionisable, non surface active organic, or inorganic, compound, said composition having an
• the ionic strength is provided by a mixture of alkali metal hypochlorite, alkali metal hydroxide and alkali metal chloride.
• the surfactant system comprises from 1.0% to 1.5% of a combination of a C 14 -C 16 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide and an alkanoate or alkyl sulphate surfactant, the ratio of the amine oxide to anionic surfactants being within the range 19:1 to 99:1 by weight.
• viscosity is expressed as the dynamic viscosity n in centipoises.
• the dynamic viscosity is measured by a Brookfield RVT viscometer and for the purposes of this specification measurements are made with Spindle No. 3 at 100 rpm and a liquid temperature of 20°C.
• Fluid viscosity can also be expressed as the kinematic viscosity v in centistokes as measured by an Ostwald viscometer.
• compositions in accordance with the present invention have a density in the range from 1.10 to 1.20 g/cm 3 , typically approximately 1.15 g/cm 3 , so that the numerical value of the kinematic viscosity in centistokes is very slightly less than that of the dynamic viscosity in centipoises.
• the primary component of the detergent composition of the present invention is a surfactant system comprising a mixture of a C 12 -C 18 amine oxide and a predominantly linear anionic surfactant containing an acyclic moiety of more than 12 and less than 18 carbon atoms.
• Amine oxides suitable for the purposes of the present invention having the general formula wherein R 1 is a C 12 -C 18 alkyl group which can be linear or which can contain up to 70% by weight of the group of methyl or ethyl branching and R 2 and R 3 are C 1 -C 4 alkyl or C 2 -C 4 hydroxy alkyl groups.
• the average chain length of R 1 is in the range from 13 to 16 carbon atoms and most preferably R 1 has an average chain length of from 14 to 16 carbon atoms.
• the R 1 group can be completely linear, as in material derived from natural fats and oils such as coconut and palm kernel oils, or may be branched as in material derived synthetically from petroleum sources.
• up to 70% by weight of the alkyl group R 1 can contain methyl or ethyl branching, most of which is normally in the 2-position.
• Suitable sources of this type of alkyl group are alcohols produced by oxo synthesis which have either 40-50% methyl branching or 10-25% methyl branching, dependent on the catalyst employed. Most preferred are alkyl groups having a low level ( ⁇ 25%) of methyl branching.
• R 2 and R 3 groups are normally methyl or hydroxyethyl with the former being preferred for embodiments of the invention incorporating hypochlorite bleaches.
• Anionic surfactants useful in the compositions of the present invention are those incorporating an aliphatic hydrocarbyl moiety having an average carbon chain length of more than 12 and less than 18 atoms, said moiety comprising at least 40% by weight of the anionic surfactant.
• Suitable anionic surfactants satisfying this constraint include alkanoates, C 1 -C 5 alkyl esters of «sulphonated alkanoic acids, olefin sulphonates, alkyl benzene sulphonates in which the alkyl group contains 11-13 carbon atoms, s-alkane sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, certain alkyl polyethoxy sulphates, alkyl phosphates and certain alkyl ether phosphates. Mixtures of any of these surfactants can also be employed if desired.
• Preferred alkanoates are the C 12 -C 14 alkali metal or alkaline earth metal soaps and mixtures thereof derived from e.g. coconut or palm kernel oils.
• the preferred ⁇ sulphonated alkanoic acid esters are alkali metal sulphonate salts of methyl ethyl propyl and butyl esters of C 12 -C 14 alkanoic acids.
• Preferred olefin sulphonates are the alkali metal C 12 - C 14 olefin sulphonates and the alkyl benzene sulphonates are preferably those with a linear alkyl chain.
• the alkyl sulphates may be primary or secondary in type, the alkyl group being derived from primary or secondary alcohols. In turn these alcohols may be derived from any of the sources described above in connection with the long chain group of the amine oxide.
• the average number of ethoxy groups should not exceed 3 per mole where the alkyl chain length is from 12 to 14 carbon atoms and 4 per mole where the alkyl chain length is from 14 to 16 carbon atoms.
• Preferred anionic surfactants are primary alkyl sulphates with up to approximately 50% methyl branching, s-alkane sulphonates and alkyl benzene sulphonates. Soaps are also preferred anionic surfactants in mixtures in which the amine oxide:anionic surfactant weight ratio is > 20:1.
• the surfactant system comprises a combination of the amine oxide and anionic surfactants in a mixture composed of from 80% to 99.9% by weight of amine oxide and from 20% to 0.1% by weight of anionic surfactant.
• the surfactant system comprises not more than 3.0% by weight of the composition.
• the amount of the surfactant system required to provide a viscosity of 180 centipoises is not more than 2.5% by weight of the composition and the surfactant mixture comprises from 90.5% to 99.9% by weight of amine oxide and from 9.5% to 0.1% by weight of anionic surfactant.
• the group R1 of the amine oxide has an average chain length of from 14 to 16 carbon atoms and the mixture comprises from 93.5% to 99.5% amine oxide and from 0.5% to 6.5% anionic surfactant. From 1% to 1.5% by weight of the composition of this mixture is sufficient to provide a viscosity of 180 centipoises.
• the surfactant mixture comprises from 95.0% to 99.0% of amine oxide in which R 1 has a chain length of 14-16 carbon atoms and from 1.0% to 5% of anionic surfactant.
• the surfactant systems described above display a viscosity-temperature relationship that has a parabolic profile with the maximum viscosity being exhibited at a temperature in the range from 0°C to 30°C.
• An increase in chain length of the R 1 group increases the temperature at which this peak occurs while a reduction in R 1 chain length and/or branching in the R 1 group reduces the temperature at which the maximum, viscosity is produced by the system.
• a similar effect is seen for variations in chain length and linearity of the lipophilic aliphatic group of the anionic surfactant.
• the viscosity of the composition should be independent of the temperature over a temperature range which encompasses the conditions normally encountered in domestic usage ie from 5°C to 25°C. The Applicants have found that this ideal is approached most closely by a surfactant system employing a blend of specific amine oxides as the respective amine oxide-anionic surfactant combinations display a peak viscosity at different temperatures.
• the other essential component of the composition is at least one ionisable non surface-active organic, or inorganic compound which is present in an amount such that the ionic strength of the composition is at least 3.5 moles/dm 3 .
• the ionisable compound(s) can be inorganic in nature eg. hydroxide sulphate, halide (particularly chloride) carbonate, nitrate, orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, polyphosphate or silicate, or organic such as citrate, formate, acetate or succinate.
• the hypochlorite bleach in which sodium hypochlorite bleach is incorporated, the hypochlorite itself, together with the sodium hydroxide, chloride and chlorate associated with the bleach provides the, or a major proportion of the ionisable compounds required by the invention.
• certain inorganic compounds such as silicates, and organic compounds incorporating oxidisable groups are unstable and should be avoided.
• the ionic strength of the composition is calculated by means of the expression Total Ionic Strength
• the function C i Z i is calculated for each of the ionic species in solution, these functions are summed and divided by two to give the composition ionic strength.
• the ionisable alkali metal compound normally comprises a caustic alkali such as sodium or potassium hydroxide either alone or in admixture with alkali metal salts.
• the level of sodium hydroxide necessary to provide a total composition ionic strength of 3.5 moles/dm where the composition contains only the amine oxide-anionic surfactant mixture would be approximately 8% to 9% by weight of the composition dependent on the density of the solution.
• the at least one ionisable compound comprises a mixture of a caustic alkali in an amount of from 0.5% to 2% by weight of the composition together with one or more alkali metal salts in an amount of at least 10% by weight, more usually at least 15-20%.
• the ionisable compound can include any of the water soluble inorganic and organic builder and sequestrant salts normally incorporated in such products.
• Compounds classifiable and well-known in the art as detergent builder salts include the nitrilotriacetates, polycarboxylates, citrates, ortho- and pyro-phosphates, and mixtures of any of these.
• Metal ion sequestrants include all of the above, plus materials like ethylenediaminetetraacetate, the amino-polyphosphonates and phosphates (DEQUEST).
• a wide variety of poly-functional organic acids and salts is disclosed in European Patent Application Publication No 0040882 which contains examples of the use of such materials in various cleaning compositions.
• the builder/sequestrant will comprise from 1% to 25% of the composition.
• Citric acid (2%-20% as sodium citrate) is a preferred builder.
• the bleach itself in which a hypochlorite bleach is incorporated the bleach itself, containing the range of by-product materials previously mentioned, provides a major portion of the ionic strength requirement, viz at least 3.0 moles/dm assuming an available chlorine level of 9% in the composition. In practice therefore it is usually only necessary to add alkali metal hydroxide on a total composition basis.
• the, or the major part of the, amine oxide should have an R 1 alkyl chain length in the range 14 to 16 carbon atoms.
• a desirable optional component of compositions in accordance with the invention is a perfume which is present at a level of from 0.01% to 0.5% preferably from 0.05% to 0.25% by weight of the composition.
• compositions are made by conventional mixing techniques. Although any order of mixing can be used, presolution of the alkali metal hydroxide and any alkali metal salt is desirable and these are normally added to a solution of the amine oxide and the anionic surfactant. Perfume is then added under high shear agitation together with any additional water to provide the desired product concentration. In the aspect of the invention in which an alkali metal hypochlorite bleach is included, this component is added last.
• compositions are prepared.
• compositions exhibited viscosities in excess of 200 centipoises at 20°C after 24 hours.
• a premix was formed by dissolving 4.0g of 50% solution NaOH equivalent to 1% of Finished Product in 67g deionised water. To this preparation was added: 8.7g of 30% (by weight) solution of C 14 (myristyl) dimethyl amine oxide, 0 .4g of 20% (by weight) solution of sodium C 13 -C 15 Alkyl Sulphate, and 0.1% of bleach stable perfume. This base stock was then agitated to form a homogeneous mixture. Finally, 120g NaOC1 containing 15.0% by weight of available chlorine (supplied by Ellis & Everard) was added to the base stock and agitation continued to give a single phase composition.
• the final composition had the final analysis
• the Ionic strength I was calculated to be 3.69g mol/dm 3 , and the product viscosity as measured at 20°C by a Brookfield viscometer using a No 3 spindle at 100 rpm was 300 centipoises after 24 hours.
• Example 9 The procedure of Example 9 was repeated except that the amine oxide level was 1.1% by weight and the C 13 - C 15 alkyl sulphate surfactant was replaced by sodium laurate at a level to give 0.04% soap in the finished product, the surfactant mixture comprising 96.5% amine oxide and 3.5% soap, an amine oxide:soap ratio of 27.5:1.
• the ionic strength of the product was virtually identical to that in Example 9 and the product viscosity was 225 centipoises at 20°C after 24 hours.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=8191314

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (19)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1983
  • 1983-10-14 DE DE8383306238T patent/DE3380736D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1983-10-14 AT AT83306238T patent/ATE47423T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1983-10-14 EP EP83306238A patent/EP0137871B1/fr not_active Expired

Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events