EP0131719B1 - Adjustable guiding apparatus - Google Patents

Adjustable guiding apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0131719B1
EP0131719B1 EP84106015A EP84106015A EP0131719B1 EP 0131719 B1 EP0131719 B1 EP 0131719B1 EP 84106015 A EP84106015 A EP 84106015A EP 84106015 A EP84106015 A EP 84106015A EP 0131719 B1 EP0131719 B1 EP 0131719B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide
guide vanes
adjusting ring
adjustable
ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84106015A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0131719A3 (en
EP0131719A2 (en
Inventor
Horst Prof. Dr.-Ing. Pfeil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Howden Turbo GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens Turbomachinery Equipment GmbH
Kuehnle Kopp and Kausch AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Turbomachinery Equipment GmbH, Kuehnle Kopp and Kausch AG filed Critical Siemens Turbomachinery Equipment GmbH
Priority to AT84106015T priority Critical patent/ATE27335T1/en
Publication of EP0131719A2 publication Critical patent/EP0131719A2/en
Publication of EP0131719A3 publication Critical patent/EP0131719A3/en
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Publication of EP0131719B1 publication Critical patent/EP0131719B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/46Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
    • F04D29/462Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10Final actuators
    • F01D17/12Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/16Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an adjustable guide device of an exhaust gas turbine, in particular a turbocharger, with a ring of guide vanes arranged concentrically around a rotor axis, which are each pivotable between two end boundaries about pivot axes, which are arranged in the front area of the guide vanes assigned to the outflow edges, whereby means of an adjustment ring the end limits are adjustable.
  • DE-A-23 29 022 describes an adjustable guide apparatus for the guide vanes of a gas turbine, the guide vanes of which are arranged so as to be pivotable about pivot axes. To pivot the guide vanes, they have lateral pins in the area of their leading edges, which engage in axial guide grooves of an adjusting ring. The guide vanes can be pivoted between end limits by means of the adjusting ring, but the guide vanes cannot be pivoted freely. The guide vanes are positively guided in each operating area of the gas turbine in accordance with the setting of the adjusting ring.
  • a radial compressor is known from US-A-39 57 392, the diffuser ring of which has movable blades in order to ensure that it operates in a stable region.
  • the unstable area should be avoided in particular with regard to so-called pumping and stalling.
  • a spring engages on the axes of the blades in order to prevent the blades from fluttering, particularly in the vicinity of the surge line. These springs are a necessary prerequisite and there is no free movement of the blades.
  • the invention has for its object to propose a guide device of the type mentioned, which has a comparatively simple construction and in which the adjusting forces can also be applied in one direction only.
  • gap and / or impact losses are to be reduced with a view to low consumption.
  • a compact and weight-saving structure and also a high level of operational reliability are to be achieved.
  • a functional adjustment to the operational requirements and the installation conditions should be given with a low weight.
  • the adjusting ring for the guide vanes have contact surfaces which form an end limitation for the respective guide vane, that the guide vanes are freely pivotable under the flow forces in the angular range adjustable by means of the adjusting ring, and that the adjusting ring is inside the flow channel is arranged and / or forms part of the wall of the flow channel.
  • the proposed diffuser has a comparatively simple construction, and adjusting forces can only be applied in one direction.
  • the guide vanes are automatically adjusted within the limits specified by the end limits in accordance with the direction of the streamline. This results in a not inconsiderable reduction in gap and impact losses in the partial load range if no or even a low boost pressure is required for the engine.
  • the freely pivotable guide vanes are thus set to "minimum loss" without the need for a high level of control and regulation, as would be necessary with positively driven guide vanes.
  • the guide device has a high level of operational reliability with a simple construction, the adjusting force being able to be introduced practically at any desired point; an adaptation to the respective installation conditions can be done without difficulty.
  • the adjustment ring can be formed in one piece or consist of several individual parts or segments.
  • the swiveling guide vanes are not adjusted by an external torque acting on their swivel axes, but can be swiveled freely in the partial load range between the variable end limits. On the other hand, the guide vanes are subjected to further loads due to the vane forces resulting from the flow, which act between the pivot axis and the adjustable end limit, by the end limit in each case predetermined maximum possible angle turned up.
  • the end limit can be set, for example, according to the charge pressure characteristic. It is not necessary to emphasize that in other exhaust gas turbines the adjustability can be made in accordance with the appropriate parameters. It can be seen that, due to the adjustability as a function of preselectable parameters, an optimal adaptation to the respective requirements and operating conditions can be carried out.
  • the guide device for a centripetal flow-through impeller is characterized in that the adjusting ring has the sawtooth-shaped contact surfaces for the free ends of the guide vanes on projections directed towards the flow channel.
  • the sawtooth-shaped bearing surfaces are at a smaller distance from the rotor axis than the pivot axes.
  • the curve shape can be specified according to the respective requirements.
  • the curves are expediently predefined in such a way that a displacement angle of the displacement ring is also associated with a defined displacement angle of the blades, and above all a linear dependency can be predefined without difficulty.
  • the contact surfaces of the adjusting ring are arranged in guide grooves, in which the guide vanes each engage with a lateral pin. Due to the lateral arrangement of the pin, the passage area between the guide vanes remains free.
  • the contact surfaces of the adjusting ring are each arranged on a guide pin which engages in a guide groove provided on the end face of the guide vane or on which the guide vane rests with the profile side located downstream.
  • the guide pin which is expediently connected directly to the adjusting ring, forms a reliable support or delimitation for the guide vane, with a low manufacturing effort also being required here.
  • the contact surface for an axially flowed through impeller is arranged on an axial end face of the adjusting ring designed as a hollow ring, on which end face the free ends of the guide vanes partially rest.
  • the adjusting ring is located behind the swivel axes in the flow direction, so that the unscrewing caused by the blade forces is limited by the free ends abutting the adjusting ring.
  • At least two guide vanes are coupled to one another and are freely pivotable together.
  • the individual guide vanes can therefore no longer be freely pivoted independently of one another, but rather the guide vanes which are coupled to one another can be freely pivoted together.
  • the individual blades are thus combined into groups distributed over the circumference.
  • the guide vanes which are coupled to one another consequently have the same angle of attack, which ensures a particularly uniform flow against the turbine wheel.
  • disadvantageous oscillation or fluttering which may occur in the case of individual blades, can be prevented.
  • two are connected to each other, with more than two blades being connected to one another in accordance with the respective requirements, in particular by means of a lever or the like.
  • FIG. 1 shows, purely schematically, an exhaust gas turbine with an impeller 2 through which there is a centripetal flow.
  • a spiral inflow channel 4 is present, through which the exhaust gas flowing radially inward reaches the guide vanes 6 distributed over the circumference in the usual way.
  • the guide vanes 6 are arranged in a housing 8 so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis 10, the pivot axis being located in the region of the leading edge 11.
  • an adjusting ring 14 which is rotatable in a suitable manner about the rotor axis 12 is also arranged.
  • the free, radially inward-pointing ends 16 of the guide vanes rest on a projection 18 of the adjusting ring 14.
  • the adjusting ring 14 or the projection 18, corresponding projections also being provided for the other guide vanes distributed over the circumference, has a sawtooth-shaped contour to be explained below.
  • These projections 18 create 6 inner end boundaries for the respective guide vanes, against which the guide vanes bear with increasing load; otherwise the guide vanes are freely pivotable about their pivot axis 10.
  • suitable adjusting means which are preferably pneumatic or are also mechanically designed, the adjusting ring 14 can be set in the desired angular position with respect to the rotor axis 12.
  • Fig. 2 shows in the left part a view in viewing direction A and also in the right part a section along section line II acc. Fig. 1.
  • the adjusting ring 14 has on its radial outer surface the sawtooth-shaped projections 18, with each guide vane 6 being associated with such a projection 18.
  • the drawing shows the position in which the flow cross-section between the guide vanes is greatest.
  • the flow cross section is reduced by rotating the adjusting ring 14 about the rotor axis 12 in the direction of the arrow 20.
  • the free ends 16 of the guide blades 6 are moved outward on the sawtooth-shaped contour in the radial direction.
  • the adjustment ring 14 designed in this way creates the inner variable end limit for the guide vanes 6.
  • the outer end limitation is formed by the next following guide vane in each case in the circumferential direction.
  • the guide vanes 6 adjust themselves according to the pressure and flow conditions between these two end limits, as a result of which gap and impact losses are reduced to a minimum and consequently, in this part-load range, compared to fully guided guide vanes, there are not inconsiderably lower losses.
  • the sawtooth-shaped curves or surfaces of the projections 18 are formed such that there is a proportional dependence between the change in the angle of rotation of the adjusting ring 14 and the change in the setting angle of the guide vanes 6. It is also essential that the flow width is narrowed in the area of the projections 18 of the adjusting ring 14 and thus in the area of the trailing edges or the free ends of the guide vanes 6.
  • Fig. 3 shows purely schematically the diffuser for an exhaust gas turbine with an axially flow through stator, not shown here.
  • the adjusting ring 14 Concentric to the rotor axis 12, the adjusting ring 14 can be seen, which is designed here as a hollow ring and which, according to the invention, is arranged radially on the outside in the flow channel.
  • the guide vanes 6 can be pivoted about essentially radially oriented pivot axes 10, which are located at the front end or in the region of the leading edges.
  • the free end or the trailing edge of the guide vane 6 lies against the end face of the adjusting ring 14 with a small, radially outer part.
  • the adjusting ring 14 is guided in a suitable manner in the housing 22, and it can be adjusted parallel to the rotor axis 12, for example via a bolt 24.
  • FIG. 4 shows a part of the guide apparatus projected into the drawing plane in the viewing direction B according to FIG. Fig. 3.
  • the housing 22 has an inclined slot 26 for the bolt 24, so that not only an axial adjustability in the direction of the rotor axis but also a rotation about the rotor axis for the adjusting ring 14 is given. According to the invention, this makes it easy to adjust the adjustment ring.
  • the guide vanes 6, as can be readily recognized in connection with FIG. 3, rest with the outer part of their trailing edge on the adjusting ring 14, which thus forms the one end limit.
  • the end limitation is also changed in this embodiment. It is not necessary to emphasize that the other end limitation is given by the adjacent guide vane.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Harvester Elements (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)
  • Steering Controls (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

A variable control mechanism for a turbine engine, in particular an exhaust gas turbine of a turbocharger, with a ring of guide blades arranged concentrically around a rotor axle and pivoting around pivot axles between end limits. The pivot axles are arranged in the forward areas associated with the inflow edges of the guide blades; one of the end limits being variable by means of an adjusting ring or the like. Clearance and impact losses are incurred depending on the prevailing setting of the guide blades. The invention provides a guide mechanism which can be constructed inexpensively and which reduces clearance and impact losses. The guide blades are arranged such that they can pivot freely within an angular setting range defined by the end limits. In case of a low load the guide blades pivot freely within the predetermined end limits, and with rising loads they abut against the variable end limit.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen verstellbaren Leitapparat einer Abgasturbine, insbesondere eines Turboladers, mit einem Kranz von konzentrisch um eine Rotorachse angeordneten Leitschaufeln, welche jeweils zwischen zwei Endbegrenzungen um Schwenkachsen schwenkbar sind, welche im vorderen, den ausströmkanten zugeordneten Bereich der Leitschaufeln angeordnet sind wobei mittels eines Verstellringes die Endbegrenzungen einstellbar sind.The invention relates to an adjustable guide device of an exhaust gas turbine, in particular a turbocharger, with a ring of guide vanes arranged concentrically around a rotor axis, which are each pivotable between two end boundaries about pivot axes, which are arranged in the front area of the guide vanes assigned to the outflow edges, whereby means of an adjustment ring the end limits are adjustable.

In der DE-A-23 29 022 ist ein verstellbarer Leitapparat für die Leitschaufeln einer Gasturbine beschrieben, deren Leitschaufeln um Schwenkachsen schwenkbar angeordnet sind. Zur Verschwenkung der Leitschaufeln weisen diese im Bereich ihrer Anströmkanten seitliche Stifte auf, die in axiale Führungsnuten eines Verstellringes eingreifen. Die Leitschaufeln können zwar zwischen Endbegrenzungen mittels des Verstellringes geschwenkt werden, doch ist eine freie Schwenkbarkeit der Leitschaufeln nicht gegeben. Die Leitschaufeln sind in jedem Betriebsbereich der Gasturbine entsprechend der Einstellung des Verstellringes zwangsgeführt.DE-A-23 29 022 describes an adjustable guide apparatus for the guide vanes of a gas turbine, the guide vanes of which are arranged so as to be pivotable about pivot axes. To pivot the guide vanes, they have lateral pins in the area of their leading edges, which engage in axial guide grooves of an adjusting ring. The guide vanes can be pivoted between end limits by means of the adjusting ring, but the guide vanes cannot be pivoted freely. The guide vanes are positively guided in each operating area of the gas turbine in accordance with the setting of the adjusting ring.

Aus der US-A-39 57 392 ist ein Radialverdichter bekannt, dessen Diffusorkranz bewegbare Schaufeln aufweist, um das arbeiten im stabilen Bereich sicherzustellen. Der instabile Bereich ist insbesondere im Hinblick auf das sogenannte Pumpen sowie den Strömungsabriß zu vermeiden. An den achsen der Schaufeln greift jeweils eine Feder an, um insbesondere in der Nähe der Pumpgrenze ein Flattern der Schaufeln zu unterbinden. Diese Federn sind eine notwendige Voraußsetzung und eine freie Bewegbarkeit der Schaufeln ist nicht gegeben. Ein Verstellring zwecks definierter Vorgabe einer Winkelstellung oder eines Einstellwinkelbereiches ist nicht vorhanden und die Schaufeln können nur zwischen den für die jeweilige Konstruktion festliegenden Endbegrenzungen schwenken.A radial compressor is known from US-A-39 57 392, the diffuser ring of which has movable blades in order to ensure that it operates in a stable region. The unstable area should be avoided in particular with regard to so-called pumping and stalling. A spring engages on the axes of the blades in order to prevent the blades from fluttering, particularly in the vicinity of the surge line. These springs are a necessary prerequisite and there is no free movement of the blades. There is no adjustment ring for the defined specification of an angular position or a setting angle range and the blades can only pivot between the end limits fixed for the respective construction.

Ferner ist aus der US-A-40 29 433 eine Strömungsmaschine mit flexiblen, und zwar verbiegbaren, Schaufeln bekannt. Diese Schaufeln werden unter Ausnutzung ihrer Flexibilität in definierter Weise eingestellt, wobei eine freie Schwenkbarkeit unter den Strömungskräften nicht gegeben ist. Zum Einstellen der Schaufeln dient eine in axialer Richtung verschiebbare Hülse mit dreieckförmigen Aussparungen, in welche jeweils ein Zapfen einer Leitschaufel hineinragt. Die Schaufeln sind mit ihren radial innenliegenden Enden mittels einer Nabe festgehalten. Beim axialen Verschieben der radial außen angeordneten Hülse werden die Schaufeln dreidimensional verformt bzw. tordiert.Furthermore, from US-A-40 29 433 a turbomachine with flexible, namely, bendable, blades is known. These blades are set using their flexibility in a defined manner, whereby there is no free swiveling under the flow forces. To adjust the blades, an axially displaceable sleeve with triangular recesses is used, into each of which a pin of a guide blade projects. The radially inner ends of the blades are held in place by means of a hub. When the radially outer sleeve is axially displaced, the blades are three-dimensionally deformed or twisted.

Der Erfindung liegt Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Leitapparat der eingangs genannten Art vorzuschlagen, welcher einen vergleichsweise einfachen konstruktiven Aufbau aufweist und bei welchem die Verstellkräfte auch nur in einer Richtung aufzubringen sind. Darüberhinaus sollen Spalt- und/oder Stoßverluste im Hinblick auf einen niedrigen Verbrauch reduziert werden. Schließlich soll auch die Einleitung der Verstellkraft zu dem Verstellring in einfacher Weise und darüberhinaus auch an der jeweils gewünschten Stelle erfolgen können. Ein kompakter und gewichtsparender Aufbau und ferner eine hohe Betriebssicherheit sollen erreicht werden. Ferner soll bei geringem Gewicht eine funktionsgerechte Anpassung an die betrieblichen anforderungen sowie die Einbaubedingungen gegeben sein.The invention has for its object to propose a guide device of the type mentioned, which has a comparatively simple construction and in which the adjusting forces can also be applied in one direction only. In addition, gap and / or impact losses are to be reduced with a view to low consumption. Finally, it should also be possible to introduce the adjusting force to the adjusting ring in a simple manner and, moreover, also at the desired location. A compact and weight-saving structure and also a high level of operational reliability are to be achieved. Furthermore, a functional adjustment to the operational requirements and the installation conditions should be given with a low weight.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird vorgeschlagen, daß der Verstellring für die Leitschaufeln Anlageflächen aufweist, die für die jeweilige Leitschaufel die eine Endbegrenzung bilden, daß die Leitschaufeln unter den Strömungskräften in dem mittels des Verstellringes einstellbaren Winkelbereich frei schwenkbar sind und daß der Verstellring im inneren des Strömungskanales angeordnet ist und/oder einen Teil der Wand des Strömungskanales bildet.To solve this problem, it is proposed that the adjusting ring for the guide vanes have contact surfaces which form an end limitation for the respective guide vane, that the guide vanes are freely pivotable under the flow forces in the angular range adjustable by means of the adjusting ring, and that the adjusting ring is inside the flow channel is arranged and / or forms part of the wall of the flow channel.

Der vorgeschlagene Leitapparat weist einen vergleichsweise einfachen konstruktiven Aufbau auf, und Verstellkräfte sind nur in einer Richtung aufzubringen. Innerhalb der durch die Endbegrenzungen vorgegebenen Grenzen erfolgt bei Normalbetrieb bzw. im Teillastbereich eine automatische Einstellung der Leitschaufeln entsprechend der Stromlinienrichtung. Somit wird eine nicht unerhebliche Reduzierung von Spalt- und Stoßverlusten im Teillastbereich erreicht, wenn kein oder auch nur ein geringer Ladedruck für den Motor erforderlich ist. In diesem Betriebsbereich stellen sich somit die frei schwenkbaren Leitschaufeln auf "Minimalverlust" ein, ohne daß hierfür ein hoher Kontroll- und Regelaufwand, wie es bei zwangsgeführten Leitschaufeln erforderlich wäre, vorzunehmen ist. Darüberhinaus muß festgehalten werden, daß bei erhöhtem Ladedruck im Vergleich mit voll geführten Leitschaufeln übereinstimmende Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Der Leitapparat weist eine hohe Betriebssicherheit bei einer einfachen Bauweise auf, wobei die Verstellkraft praktisch an jedem gewünschten Punkt eingeleitet werden kann; eine Anpassung an die jeweiligen Einbauverhältnisse kann ohne Schwierigkeiten erfolgen. Der Verstellring kann einstückig ausgebildet sein oder aus mehreren Einzelteilen bzw. Segmenten bestehen. Die schwenkbaren Leitschaufeln werden nicht durch ein äußeres, an ihren Schwenkachsen angreifendes Drehmoment verstellt, sondern sind im Teillastbereich zwischen den variablen Endbegrenzungen frei schwenkbar. Andererseits werden die Leitschaufeln bei weiterer Belastung aufgrund den aus der Strömung resultierenden Schaufelkräften, die zwischen der Schwenkachse und der einstellbaren Endbegrenzung angreifen, auf den jeweils durch die Endbegrenzung vorgegebenen größtmöglichen Winkel aufgedreht. Die Einstellung der Endbegrenzung kann bei einem Turbolader beispielsweise nach der Ladedruckcharakteristik erfolgen. Es bedarf keiner besonderen Hervorhebung, daß bei anderen Abbgasturbinen die Einstellbarkeit entsprechend den jeweils zweckmäßigen Parametern vorgenommen werden kann. Es ist ersichtlich, daß aufgrund der Einstellbarkeit in Abhängigkeit von vorwählbaren Parametern eine optimale Anpassung an die jeweiligen Anforderungen und Einsatzbedingungen durchführbar ist.The proposed diffuser has a comparatively simple construction, and adjusting forces can only be applied in one direction. During normal operation or in the partial load range, the guide vanes are automatically adjusted within the limits specified by the end limits in accordance with the direction of the streamline. This results in a not inconsiderable reduction in gap and impact losses in the partial load range if no or even a low boost pressure is required for the engine. In this operating range, the freely pivotable guide vanes are thus set to "minimum loss" without the need for a high level of control and regulation, as would be necessary with positively driven guide vanes. In addition, it must be noted that consistent results are achieved with increased boost pressure in comparison with fully guided guide vanes. The guide device has a high level of operational reliability with a simple construction, the adjusting force being able to be introduced practically at any desired point; an adaptation to the respective installation conditions can be done without difficulty. The adjustment ring can be formed in one piece or consist of several individual parts or segments. The swiveling guide vanes are not adjusted by an external torque acting on their swivel axes, but can be swiveled freely in the partial load range between the variable end limits. On the other hand, the guide vanes are subjected to further loads due to the vane forces resulting from the flow, which act between the pivot axis and the adjustable end limit, by the end limit in each case predetermined maximum possible angle turned up. In the case of a turbocharger, the end limit can be set, for example, according to the charge pressure characteristic. It is not necessary to emphasize that in other exhaust gas turbines the adjustability can be made in accordance with the appropriate parameters. It can be seen that, due to the adjustability as a function of preselectable parameters, an optimal adaptation to the respective requirements and operating conditions can be carried out.

In einer besonderen Ausgestaltung ist der Leitapparat für ein zentripetal durchströmtes Laufrad dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verstellring an zum Strömungskanal gerichteten Vorsprüngen die sägezahnförmigen Anlageflächen für die freien Enden der Leitschaufeln aufweist. Die sägezahnförmigen Auflageflächen weisen zur Rotorachse einen geringeren Abstand auf als die Schwenkachsen. Die Kurvenform kann den jeweiligen Anforderungen entsprechend vorgegeben werden. Zweckmäßig sind die Kurven derart vorgegeben, daß einem Verstellwinkel des Verstellringes auch ein definierter Verstellwinkel der Schaufeln zugeordnet ist, wobei vor allem auch eine lineare Abhängigkeit ohne Schwierigkeiten vorgegeben werden kann.In a special embodiment, the guide device for a centripetal flow-through impeller is characterized in that the adjusting ring has the sawtooth-shaped contact surfaces for the free ends of the guide vanes on projections directed towards the flow channel. The sawtooth-shaped bearing surfaces are at a smaller distance from the rotor axis than the pivot axes. The curve shape can be specified according to the respective requirements. The curves are expediently predefined in such a way that a displacement angle of the displacement ring is also associated with a defined displacement angle of the blades, and above all a linear dependency can be predefined without difficulty.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind die Anlageflächen des Verstellringes in Führungsnuten angeordnet, in welche die Leitschaufeln jeweils mit einem seitlichen Stift eingreifen. aufgrund der seitlichen anordnung des Stiftes bleibt der Durchtrittsbereich zwischen den Leitschaufeln frei.In a further embodiment, the contact surfaces of the adjusting ring are arranged in guide grooves, in which the guide vanes each engage with a lateral pin. Due to the lateral arrangement of the pin, the passage area between the guide vanes remains free.

In einer alternativen Ausführungsform sind die Anlageflächen des Verstellringes jeweils an einem Führungsstift angeordnet, der jeweils in eine an der Stirnseite der Leitschaufel vorgesehene Führungsnut eingreift oder auf welchem die Leitschaufel mit der stromabwärts gelegenen Profilseite aufliegt. Bei dieser Ausführungsform bildet der zweckmäßig mit dem Verstellring direkt verbundene Führungsstift eine zuverlässige Auflagerung bzw. Begrenzung für die Leitschaufel, wobei auch hier ein geringer Fertigungsaufwand erforderlich ist.In an alternative embodiment, the contact surfaces of the adjusting ring are each arranged on a guide pin which engages in a guide groove provided on the end face of the guide vane or on which the guide vane rests with the profile side located downstream. In this embodiment, the guide pin, which is expediently connected directly to the adjusting ring, forms a reliable support or delimitation for the guide vane, with a low manufacturing effort also being required here.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Leitapparates ist für ein axial durchströmtes Laufrad die Anlagefläche an einer axialen Stirnfläche des als Hohlring ausgebildeten Verstellringes angeordnet, an welcher Stirnfläche die freien Enden der Leitschaufeln teilweise aufliegen. Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform befindet sich der Verstellring in Strömungsrichtung hinter den Schwenkachsen, so daß das durch die Schaufelkräfte bewirkte Aufdrehen durch das Anlagen der freien Enden an den Verstellring begrenzt wird.In a further embodiment of the guide apparatus, the contact surface for an axially flowed through impeller is arranged on an axial end face of the adjusting ring designed as a hollow ring, on which end face the free ends of the guide vanes partially rest. In this embodiment, too, the adjusting ring is located behind the swivel axes in the flow direction, so that the unscrewing caused by the blade forces is limited by the free ends abutting the adjusting ring.

In einer alternativen Ausführungsform sind wenigstens zwei Leitschaufeln miteinander gekoppelt und gemeinsam frei schwenkbar angeordnet. Die einzelnen Leitschaufeln sind also nicht mehr unabhängig voneinander frei schwenkbar, sondern es sind die jeweils miteinander gekoppelten Leitschaufeln gemeinsam frei schwenkbar. Im Rahmen dieser Erfindung sind über den Umfang verteilt somit die einzelnen Schaufeln zu Gruppen zusammengefaßt. Die miteinander gekoppelten Leitschaufeln weisen folglich untereinander gleiche Anstellwinkel auf, wodurch eine besonders gleichförmige Anströmung des Turbinenrades gewährleistet wird. Darüberhinaus kann aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Kopplung verschiedener Leitschaufeln ein nachteiliges Schwingen bzw. Flattern, wie es bei einzelnen Schaufeln unter Umständen eintreten kann, unterbunden werden. Von der gesamten Anzahl der Leitschaufeln sind jeweils zwei miteinander verbunden, wobei den jeweiligen Anforderungen entsprechend auch mehr als zwei Schaufeln, insbesondere mittels eines Hebels oder dergleichen, miteinander verbunden sind.In an alternative embodiment, at least two guide vanes are coupled to one another and are freely pivotable together. The individual guide vanes can therefore no longer be freely pivoted independently of one another, but rather the guide vanes which are coupled to one another can be freely pivoted together. Within the scope of this invention, the individual blades are thus combined into groups distributed over the circumference. The guide vanes which are coupled to one another consequently have the same angle of attack, which ensures a particularly uniform flow against the turbine wheel. In addition, due to the coupling of different guide vanes according to the invention, disadvantageous oscillation or fluttering, which may occur in the case of individual blades, can be prevented. Of the total number of guide vanes, two are connected to each other, with more than two blades being connected to one another in accordance with the respective requirements, in particular by means of a lever or the like.

Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 schematisch einen Längsschnitt durch eine Abgasturbine,
  • Fig. 2 teilweise eine Ansicht in Blickrichtung A) bzw. einen Schnitt entlang Schnittlinie II gem. Fig.1,
  • Fig. 3 eine prinzipielle Darstellung eines Axialschnittes durch den Strömungskanal von Axial-Leitschaufeln,
  • Fig. 4 teilweise eine in die Zeichenebene projezierte Ansicht in Blickrichtung B) gem. Fig.3,
  • Fig. 5 eine Ansicht ähnlich Fig. 4, wobei jedoch drei Leitschaufeln mittels eines Hebels aneinander gekoppelt sind.
Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section through an exhaust gas turbine,
  • Fig. 2 partially a view in viewing direction A) or a section along section line II acc. Fig.1,
  • 3 shows a basic illustration of an axial section through the flow channel of axial guide vanes,
  • Fig. 4 partially a view projected into the plane of the drawing in viewing direction B) acc. Fig. 3,
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4, but with three guide vanes coupled to one another by means of a lever.

Fig. 1 zeigt rein schematisch eine Abgasturbine mit einem zentripetal durchströmten Laufrad 2. Es ist ein spiralförmiger Einströmkanal 4 vorhanden, durch welchen in gewohnter Weise das radial nach innen strömende Abgas zu den über den Umfang verteilt angeordneten Leitschaufeln 6 gelangt. Die Leitschaufeln 6 sind in einem Gehäuse 8 um eine Schwenkachse 10 schwenkbar angeordnet, wobei die Schwenkachse sich im Bereich der Anströmkante 11 befindet. Im Gehäuse 8 ist ferner ein in geeigneter Weise um die Rotorachse 12 drehbarer Verstellring 14 angeordnet. Die Leitschaufeln liegen mit ihren freien, radial nach innen weisenden Enden 16 auf einem Vorsprung 18 des Verstellringes 14 auf. Der Verstellring 14 bzw. der Vorsprung 18, wobei entsprechende Vorsprünge auch für die übrigen über den Umfang verteilten Leitschaufeln vorhanden sind, weist eine nachfolgend noch zu erläuternde sägezahnförmige Kontur auf. Durch diese Vorsprünge 18 sind für die jeweiligen Leitschaufeln 6 innere Endbegrenzungen geschaffen, an welchen sich die Leitschaufeln bei zunehmender Belastung anlegen; im übrigen sind die Leitschaufeln um ihre Schwenkachse 10 frei schwenkbar. Mittels geeigneter Verstellmittel, welche bevorzugt pneumatisch oder auch mechanisch ausgebildet sind, ist der Verstellring 14 in die gewünschte Winkelstellung bezüglich der Rotorachse 12 einstellbar.1 shows, purely schematically, an exhaust gas turbine with an impeller 2 through which there is a centripetal flow. A spiral inflow channel 4 is present, through which the exhaust gas flowing radially inward reaches the guide vanes 6 distributed over the circumference in the usual way. The guide vanes 6 are arranged in a housing 8 so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis 10, the pivot axis being located in the region of the leading edge 11. In the housing 8, an adjusting ring 14 which is rotatable in a suitable manner about the rotor axis 12 is also arranged. The free, radially inward-pointing ends 16 of the guide vanes rest on a projection 18 of the adjusting ring 14. The adjusting ring 14 or the projection 18, corresponding projections also being provided for the other guide vanes distributed over the circumference, has a sawtooth-shaped contour to be explained below. These projections 18 create 6 inner end boundaries for the respective guide vanes, against which the guide vanes bear with increasing load; otherwise the guide vanes are freely pivotable about their pivot axis 10. By means of suitable adjusting means, which are preferably pneumatic or are also mechanically designed, the adjusting ring 14 can be set in the desired angular position with respect to the rotor axis 12.

Fig. 2 zeigt im linken Teil eine Ansicht in Blickrichtung A und ferner im rechten Teil einen Schnitt entlang Schnittlinie II gem. Fig. 1. Der Verstellring 14 weist an seiner radialen Außenfläche die sägezahnförmig ausgebildeten Vorsprünge 18 auf, wobei jede Leitschaufel 6 ein derartiger Vorsprung 18 zugeordnet ist. In der Zeichnung ist die Stellung gezeigt, in welcher der Strömungsquerschnitt zwischen den Leitschaufeln am größten ist. Durch Drehen des Verstellringes 14 um die Rotorachse 12 in Richtung des Pfeiles 20 wird der Strömungsquerschnitt verringert. Die freien Enden 16 der Leitschaufeln 6 werden auf der sägezahnförmigen Kontur in radialer Richtung nach außen bewegt. Durch den derart ausgebildeten Verstellring 14 ist die innere variable Endbegrenzung für die Leitschaufein 6 geschaffen. Die äußere Endbegrenzung wird bei dieser erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform durch die Umfangsrichtung jeweils nächst folgende Leitschaufel gebildet. Bei geringer Belastung stellen sich die Leitschaufeln 6 entsprechend der Druck- und Strömungsverhältnisse zwischen diesen beiden Endbegrenzungen ein, wodurch Spalt- und Stoßverluste auf ein Minimum reduziert werden und folglich in diesem Teillastbereich, im Vergleich zu voll geführten Leitschaufeln, sich nicht unerheblich geringere Verluste ergeben. Erfindungsgemäß sind die sägezahnförmigen Kurven bzw. Oberflächen der Vorsprünge 18 derart ausgebildet, daß eine proportinale Abhängigkeit zwischen der Änderung des Drehwinkels des Verstellringes 14 und der Änderung des Einstellwinkels der Leitschaufeln 6 gegeben ist. Ferner ist von wesentlicher Bedeutung, daß im Bereich der Vorsprünge 18 des Verstellringes 14 und somit im Bereich der Abströmkanten bzw. der freien Enden der Leitschaufein 6 eine Verengung der Strömungsbreite gegeben ist.Fig. 2 shows in the left part a view in viewing direction A and also in the right part a section along section line II acc. Fig. 1. The adjusting ring 14 has on its radial outer surface the sawtooth-shaped projections 18, with each guide vane 6 being associated with such a projection 18. The drawing shows the position in which the flow cross-section between the guide vanes is greatest. The flow cross section is reduced by rotating the adjusting ring 14 about the rotor axis 12 in the direction of the arrow 20. The free ends 16 of the guide blades 6 are moved outward on the sawtooth-shaped contour in the radial direction. The adjustment ring 14 designed in this way creates the inner variable end limit for the guide vanes 6. In this embodiment according to the invention, the outer end limitation is formed by the next following guide vane in each case in the circumferential direction. At low loads, the guide vanes 6 adjust themselves according to the pressure and flow conditions between these two end limits, as a result of which gap and impact losses are reduced to a minimum and consequently, in this part-load range, compared to fully guided guide vanes, there are not inconsiderably lower losses. According to the sawtooth-shaped curves or surfaces of the projections 18 are formed such that there is a proportional dependence between the change in the angle of rotation of the adjusting ring 14 and the change in the setting angle of the guide vanes 6. It is also essential that the flow width is narrowed in the area of the projections 18 of the adjusting ring 14 and thus in the area of the trailing edges or the free ends of the guide vanes 6.

Fig. 3 zeigt rein schematisch den Leitapparat für eine Abgasturbine mit einem hier nicht weiter dargestellten axial durchströmten Leitrad. Konzentrisch zur Rotorachse 12 ist der Verstellring 14 zu sehen, welcher hier als ein Hohlring ausgebildet ist und welcher erfindungsgemäß im Strömungskanal radial außen angeordnet ist. Die Leitschaufeln 6 sind um im wesentlichen radial ausgerichtete Schwenkachsen 10 schwenkbar, welche sich am vordern Ende bzw. im Bereich der Anströmkanten befinden. Das freie Ende bzw. die Abströmkante der Leitschaufel 6 liegt mit einem kleinen, radial außen liegenden Teil an der Stirnfläche des Verstellringes 14 an. Der Verstellring 14 ist in geeigneter Weise im Gehäuse 22 geführt, und er ist parallel zur Rotorachse 12 beispielsweise über einen Bolzen 24 verstellbar.Fig. 3 shows purely schematically the diffuser for an exhaust gas turbine with an axially flow through stator, not shown here. Concentric to the rotor axis 12, the adjusting ring 14 can be seen, which is designed here as a hollow ring and which, according to the invention, is arranged radially on the outside in the flow channel. The guide vanes 6 can be pivoted about essentially radially oriented pivot axes 10, which are located at the front end or in the region of the leading edges. The free end or the trailing edge of the guide vane 6 lies against the end face of the adjusting ring 14 with a small, radially outer part. The adjusting ring 14 is guided in a suitable manner in the housing 22, and it can be adjusted parallel to the rotor axis 12, for example via a bolt 24.

Fig. 4 zeigt in die Zeichenebene projeziert einen Teil des Leitapparates in Blickrichtung B gem. Fig. 3. Das Gehäuse 22 weist für den Bolzen 24 einen schräg liegenden Schlitz 26 auf, so daß nicht nur eine axiale Verstellbarkeit in Richtung der Rotorachse sondern gleichzeitig auch eine Drehung um die Rotorachse für den Verstellring 14 gegeben ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist dadurch eine leichte Einstellbarkeit des Verstellringes gewährleistet. Die Leitschaufeln 6 liegen, wie in Verbindung mit Fig. 3 ohne weiteres erkennbar, mit dem äußeren Teil ihrer Abströmkante an dem Verstellring 14 an, der somit die eine Endbegrenzung bildet. Durch Bewegung des Verstellringes 14 in Richtung des Pfeiles 20 wird auch bei dieser Ausführungsform die Endbegrenzung verändert. Es bedarf keiner besonderen Hervorhebung, daß die andere Endbegrenzung durch die benachbarte Leitschaufel jeweils gegeben ist. Mit zunehmendem Ladedruck wird die durch den Pfeil 28 angedeutete Kraftkomponente des einströmenden Mediums größer, wodurch die Leitschaufeln 6 fest an die mittels des Verstellringes 14 vorgegebene Endbegrenzung gedrückt werden. Bei geringerem Ladedruck, also im Teillastbereich, geht die genannte Komponente gegen Null, und die erfindungsgemäß zwischen den Endbegrenzungen frei schwenkbaren Leitschaufeln stellen sich in die jeweils günstigste Winkelstellung automatisch ein. Eine nicht unwesentliche Reduzierung von Spalt- und Stoßverlusten ist gegeben.FIG. 4 shows a part of the guide apparatus projected into the drawing plane in the viewing direction B according to FIG. Fig. 3. The housing 22 has an inclined slot 26 for the bolt 24, so that not only an axial adjustability in the direction of the rotor axis but also a rotation about the rotor axis for the adjusting ring 14 is given. According to the invention, this makes it easy to adjust the adjustment ring. The guide vanes 6, as can be readily recognized in connection with FIG. 3, rest with the outer part of their trailing edge on the adjusting ring 14, which thus forms the one end limit. By moving the adjusting ring 14 in the direction of the arrow 20, the end limitation is also changed in this embodiment. It is not necessary to emphasize that the other end limitation is given by the adjacent guide vane. As the boost pressure increases, the force component of the inflowing medium indicated by the arrow 28 becomes larger, as a result of which the guide vanes 6 are pressed firmly against the end limit specified by the adjusting ring 14. At a lower boost pressure, that is to say in the partial load range, the component mentioned goes to zero, and the guide vanes which can be freely pivoted between the end limits are automatically set to the most favorable angular position. There is a not insignificant reduction in gap and impact losses.

In Fig. 5 ist eine Ansicht ähnlich wie Fig. 4 gezeigt, wobei jedoch die drei dargestellten Leitschaufein 6 mittels eines Hebels 30 aneinander gekoppelt sind. Im übrigen gilt hierzu die Beschreibung von Fig. 4 entsprechend. Mittels des Hebels 30 sind die drei Leitschaufeln 6 derart miteinander gekoppelt, daß sie gemeinsam um ihre Schwenkachsen 10 schwenkbar sind und somit im Teillastbereich jeweils die gleiche Winkelstellung einnehmen. Über den Umfang verteilt sind selbstverständlich auch die übrigen hier nicht dargestellten Leitschaufeln jeweils in Gruppen aneinander gekoppelt. Im Gegensatz zu Ausführungsformen mit einzeln schwenkbaren Schaufeln, welche aufgrund der Spiralenströmung leicht voneinander abweichende Stellwinkel einnehmen, nehmen die derart miteinander gekoppelten Leitschaufeln jeweils die gleiche Winkelstellung ein. Die Gleichförmigkeit der Anströmung des Turbinenrades wird nicht unwesentlich verbessert und Schwingungen einzelner Schaufeln können unterbunden werden. Bezugszeichenliste

  • 2 Laufrad
  • 4 Einströmkanal
  • 6 Leitschaufel
  • 8 Gehäuse
  • 10 Schwenkachse
  • 11 Anströmkante
  • 12 Rotorachse
  • 14 Verstellring
  • 16 freies Ende
  • 18 Vorsprung
  • 20 Pfeil
  • 22 Gehäuse
  • 24 Bolzen
  • 26 Schlitz
  • 28 Pfeil
  • 30 Hebel
FIG. 5 shows a view similar to FIG. 4, but with the three guide vanes 6 shown being coupled to one another by means of a lever 30. Otherwise, the description of FIG. 4 applies accordingly. The three guide vanes 6 are coupled to one another by means of the lever 30 in such a way that they can be pivoted together about their pivot axes 10 and thus each assume the same angular position in the partial load range. Distributed over the circumference, the other guide vanes, not shown here, are of course also coupled to one another in groups. In contrast to embodiments with individually pivotable blades, which take up slightly different positioning angles due to the spiral flow, the guide blades coupled in this way each assume the same angular position. The uniformity of the inflow to the turbine wheel is significantly improved and vibrations of individual blades can be prevented. Reference symbol list
  • 2 impeller
  • 4 inflow channel
  • 6 guide vane
  • 8 housing
  • 10 swivel axis
  • 11 leading edge
  • 12 rotor axis
  • 14 adjusting ring
  • 16 free end
  • 18 head start
  • 20 arrow
  • 22 housing
  • 24 bolts
  • 26 slot
  • 28 arrow
  • 30 levers

Claims (6)

1. An adjustable distributor of an exhaust gas turbine, in particular of a turbo charger with a ring of guide vanes which are arranged concentrically round a rotor axis and are each pivotal between two end limits about pivot axes arranged in the front region of the guide vanes connected to the inlet edges, the end limits being adjustable by means of an adjusting ring, characterised in that the adjusting ring (14) has contact faces for the guide vanes (6), which contact faces form an end limit for the respective guide vane (6), in that the guide vanes (6) are freely pivotal in the angular range adjustable by means of the adjusting ring under the flow forces, and in that the adjusting ring (14) is arranged inside the flow duct and/or forms part of the flow duct wall.
2. An adjustable distributor according to claim 1 for a centripetally traversed wheel, characterised in that the adjusting ring (14) has, on projections (18) directed toward the flow duct, the saw-tooth-shaped contact faces for the free ends (16) of the guide vanes (6).
3. An adjustable distributor according to claim 1, characterised in that the contact faces of the adjusting ring (14) are arranged in guide grooves in which the guide vanes (6) each engage with a lateral pin.
4. An adjustable distributor according to claim 1, characterised in that the contact faces of the adjusting ring (14) are each arranged on a guide pin which engages in each case into a guide groove provided on the end face of the guide vane (6) or on which the guide vane (6) rests with the downstream profile side.
5. An adjustable distributor according to claim 1 for an axially traversed wheel, characterised in that the contact face is arranged on an axial end face of the adjusting ring (14) designed as a hollow ring, on which end face the free ends of the guide vanes (6) rest in part.
6. An adjustable distributor according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that at least two of the guide vanes (6) are coupled together, in particular by means of a lever (30), and are freely pivotal together.
EP84106015A 1983-07-16 1984-05-26 Adjustable guiding apparatus Expired EP0131719B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84106015T ATE27335T1 (en) 1983-07-16 1984-05-26 ADJUSTABLE CONTROL UNIT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3325756A DE3325756C1 (en) 1983-07-16 1983-07-16 Adjustable nozzle
DE3325756 1983-07-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0131719A2 EP0131719A2 (en) 1985-01-23
EP0131719A3 EP0131719A3 (en) 1985-03-13
EP0131719B1 true EP0131719B1 (en) 1987-05-20

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ID=6204187

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84106015A Expired EP0131719B1 (en) 1983-07-16 1984-05-26 Adjustable guiding apparatus

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4657480A (en)
EP (1) EP0131719B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6053602A (en)
AT (1) ATE27335T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3325756C1 (en)

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EP0276023A2 (en) * 1987-01-23 1988-07-27 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Variable-displacement turbine
US6739832B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2004-05-25 Abb Turbo Systems Ag Exhaust turbocharger

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DE102004040536A1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2006-02-23 Volkswagen Ag Exhaust gas turbocharger for motor vehicle, has adjusting ring connected with guide vane along direction of flow of exhaust gas flow, where angle position of vane relative to direction of flow is adjusted by flexible deformation of vane
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EP0276023A3 (en) * 1987-01-23 1989-04-26 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Variable-displacement turbine
US6739832B2 (en) 2001-03-30 2004-05-25 Abb Turbo Systems Ag Exhaust turbocharger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0131719A3 (en) 1985-03-13
JPH0347401B2 (en) 1991-07-19
US4657480A (en) 1987-04-14
ATE27335T1 (en) 1987-06-15
EP0131719A2 (en) 1985-01-23
JPS6053602A (en) 1985-03-27
DE3325756C1 (en) 1984-09-13
DE3463812D1 (en) 1987-06-25

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