EP0130215B1 - Monopolare-, bipolare und/oder hybride membranzelle - Google Patents
Monopolare-, bipolare und/oder hybride membranzelle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0130215B1 EP0130215B1 EP84900568A EP84900568A EP0130215B1 EP 0130215 B1 EP0130215 B1 EP 0130215B1 EP 84900568 A EP84900568 A EP 84900568A EP 84900568 A EP84900568 A EP 84900568A EP 0130215 B1 EP0130215 B1 EP 0130215B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- cathode
- back plate
- assembly
- current distributor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/26—Connections in which at least one of the connecting parts has projections which bite into or engage the other connecting part in order to improve the contact
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B7/00—Electrophoretic production of compounds or non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
Definitions
- Membrane-type electrolyzers are generally of two distinct types, the monopolar type in which the electrodes of each cell are directly connected to a source a power supply, or the bipolar type in which adjoining cells in a cell bank have a common electrode assembly therebetween, said electrode assembly being cathodic on one side and anodic on the other.
- anode pans were formed from titanium or other valve metals or their alloys in sheet form.
- cathode pans were formed from ferrous metals such as steel, stainless steel, or nickel.
- U.S. Patent 4,244,802 An example of such pans in a monopolar cell is described in U.S. Patent 4,244,802.
- this patent requires expensive lamination of the highly conductive metal outer layer to the pan.
- a low resistance conductor In order to carry and distribute this current with low ohmic losses (especially in large area electrodes) a low resistance conductor must be used.
- This conductor may be made of a large cross section of the corrosion-resistant metal or of a smaller cross section of a metal such as copper or aluminum, for example, which has a specific resistance 5 to 50 times lower than the corrosion-resistant metals. Obviously, these low resistance metals must be protected from corrosion by the electrolytes.
- a second approach was to eliminate the copper and carry the current in the corrosion-resistant metal electrode structure. Since the electrical resistance of the corrosion resistant metal (e.g., titanium, nickel, stainless steel) is high compared to copper and aluminum, the voltage loss is increased and the length of the current path must be kept as short as possible (i.e., small electrode dimension parallel to the current path). This then limits the size of an electrode active area, increases the sealing perimeter to active area ratio, and requires many smaller components to create the same total active area. Thus, a larger active area to sealing perimeter would also - provide the additional benefit of a more efficient use of the membrane area (i.e., active area/purchased area ratio is higher). Current distribution and connection to external buswork is also difficult with this approach.
- the corrosion resistant metal e.g., titanium, nickel, stainless steel
- this invention aims to reduce the ohmic loss in monopolar or bipolar electrolyzer structures, by reducing the electrical resistance due to structural components and mechanical connection problems, to improve current distribution, to allowfor greater electrode active areas and to decrease the sealing perimeter to active area ratio.
- a bipolar electrolyzer of this general type is described in US Patent 4 389 289, the teaching of which is acknowledged as prior art by virtue of the laying open to public inspection of its Italian counterpart.
- This known bipolar electrolyzer comprises frames of inert plastic material provided with means to introduce and remove anolyte and catholyte and the electrolyzer is assembled under pressure in such a way that resilient mats are elastically compressed between the electrode bipolar elements. Hydraulic sealing is provided by 0-rings in each joint of the plastic frames receiving a membrane or a bipolar element. The plates forming the bipolar elements are located inside the plastic frame and hence inside the electrolyzer.
- This invention provides a structure for membrane electrolyzers which requires little or no retrofitting. As newer and better electrode elements are developed they may be retrofitted without loss of the novel current distributor member and/or the novel monopolar, bipolar, or hybrid cell to cell low pressure contact feature.
- Additional advantages of the invention include the ability to change current distributor members without changing other components, the ability to change cell elements without changing other components, the ability to allow for current density changes optimizing power cost versus capital costs, and the ability to obviate any need for conductor bars.
- the monopolar embodiment of the present invention contemplates having current distributor members situated between adjacent cathode assemblies and between adjacent anode assemblies thereby allowing current to be brought into and removed from said anode and cathode assemblies within said cells via a low pressure, low current density, high area connection.
- the invention also relates to an electrolyzer having a bipolar filter press electrolytic cell.
- Cells of this type generally contain bipolar electrode assemblies, and membranes, and are contained within bulkheads connected by tie rods which may or may not be spring loaded.
- the bipolar embodiment of the present invention contemplates the current distributor member situated between each end plate and a bipolar electrode assembly, with an anode side facing one end plate and a cathode side facing the other end plate, thereby allowing current to be brought into and removed from said cells via the novel low pressure, low current density, high area connection. Further, conducting electrical current from cell to cell is accomplished via a novel low pressure, high surface contact area, low current density mechanical connections between the back plates of the anode and cathode elements of the bipolar electrode assemblies, with an interposed current distributor member.
- Electrolyzers of this type may be made up of a number of bipolar sections arranged in a monopolar fashion, that is each bipolar section electrically connected in parallel within the end walls of one electrolyzer; or it may be made up of a number of monopolar sections arranged in a bipolar fashion, that is each monopolar section electrically connected in series within the end walls of one electrolyzer; the electrical connections to the electrodes using the low pressure high area, connection between the current distributor members and the back plates of the electrode assemblies.
- the hybrid embodiment of the present invention contemplates any arrangement of monopoIar and bipolar assemblies within one electrolyzer.
- the hybrid embodiment contemplates use of the low pressure, high area, low current density connection, with the contact area for said connection substantially the same dimensions of the active area of said electrodes.
- Anodes suitable for use in the instant invention comprise an anode back plate (integral with the pan) and an active anode surface area.
- the active anode surface area comprises a foraminous anode of the type comprising a valve metal substrate having an electrocatalytic coating applied thereto of precious metals and/or oxides thereof, transition metal oxides and mixtures of these materials.
- the anode member is generally planar in form and may be constructed of any foraminous material such as expanded metal mesh, perforated plate or wire screen.
- This foraminous material has a high surface area and large number of points of contact with the membrane brought about by having a large number of small perforations, for example it may be expanded metal mesh having what is known as "micromesh size" pores.
- This active anode area is mechanically and electrically attached to the anode back plate preferably by welding, e.g. by resistance welding.
- anodes and cathodes have been described in their relationship to the preferred embodiment of the instant invention, namely a membrane gap cell (zero gap cell), whether or not the cell has a finite gap between membrane and electrode is not critical to the present invention.
- the present invention is also suitable for use in finite gap cells.
- the pans are formed to create an integral frame attached to the back plate which forms a chamber for containing electrolytes and electrode active areas.
- the back plate is generally planar and preferably flexible to allow it to conform to a current distributor member to provide a good electrical connection.
- the frames are fabricated integral with the pans of solid corrosion resistant metals (anode: titanium or alloys, cathode: steel, nickel, stainless steel, etc.) fabrication being by pressing, drawing, roll forming, welding, extruding, forging, etc. or a combination.
- the gasketing may be "0" rings, flat gaskets, extruded gaskets or other well known means (U.S. #4,344,633).
- One purpose of rigidifying the pans with a grout or filler material is to provide a reinforcement of thin pan metal enabling it to withstand a compressive gasket force without collapse thus allowing economic use of the expensive corrosion resistant metals through the use of thin material, i.e., sheet metal on the order of 0.015 to 0.10 inch (0.038 to 0.254 cm) thick.
- Other purposes include making handling of the electrodes easier and increasing the internal pressure holding capacity.
- the second monomer often is selected from a group of monomers usually containing an S0 2 F or sulfonyl fluoride pendant group.
- R1 in the generic formula is a bifunctional perfluorinated radical comprising generally 1 to 8 carbon atoms but upon occasion as many as 25.
- One restraint upon the generic formula is a general requirement for the presence of at least one fluorine atom on the carbon atom adjacent the -S0 2 F group, particularly where the functional group exists as the -(-S0 2 NH)mQ form.
- Q can be hydrogen or an alkali or alkaline earth metal cation and m is the valence of Q.
- the R 1 generic formula portion can be of any suitable or conventional configuration, but preferably the vinyl radical comonomer joins the R 1 group through an ether linkage.
- the current distributor member is generally a solid copper planar sheet but may also be any suitable conductor having sufficient cross sectional area to carry the required current with low IR loss and good current distribution.
- suitable examples of these other conductive metals include, for example, nickel, iron, steel, as well as alloys of these metals and alloys of copper and aluminum.
- the current distributor members are placed between adjacent anode pans with the back side of each pan facing the current distributor member to form a single monopolar anode element.
- current distributor members are placed between adjacent cathode pans with the back side of each pan facing the current distributor member to form a single monopolar cathode element.
- the current distributor members protrude past the side of the electrolyzer on one side only.
- the members between adjacent anode assemblies extend on one side while the members between adjacent cathode assemblies extend on the opposite side. This extension is then used to connect via a bus system, to the power source or other sections of the electrolyzer.
- said current distributor members may also be sheets having calendered, dimpled, corrugated or serrated surfaces or having an interface material attached to, or inserted between, said surfaces as well as having conductive compounds, i.e., greases containing particles of conductive metals distributed therein on their surfaces.
- conductive compounds i.e., greases containing particles of conductive metals distributed therein on their surfaces.
- the thickness of the current distributor members may vary across the length of the member based on the current and voltage requirements, to reduce cost. It is understood that if tapered members are used the taper of the anode members and the taper of the cathode members are reversed so as to provide a parallel stack of cells to be compressed between the bulkheads. Finally, the current distributor member may also be used to provide structural support for the cell.
- Increased pressure reduces contact resistance.
- a low area, high pressure (i.e., 500-5000 psi) (34.48 to 344.8 bar) joint is used to get a low specific joint resistance and current densities across the joint are high (i.e., 200-2000 asi) (31-310 amps/cm 2 ) with the joint contact voltage loss equal to the product of specific resistance times current density.
- other factors such as "current streamline" effects enter into the total voltage loss across this type of mechanical joint.
- the joint pressure is lower (1-20 psi) (0.069 to 1.376 bar) yielding a higher specific resistance, but the joint area is very large yielding a low current density (i.e., 0.5 to 10 asi) (0.0775 to 1.55 amps/cm 2 ) and thus a low ohmic loss across the joint.
- a copper to titanium joint as might be used on the anode, operating at 3 asi (0.465 amps/ cm 2 ) with a pressure of 5 psi (0.3448 bar) (specific resistance of 3.5 x 10- 3 ohm-in 2 ) (22.58 x 10- 3 ohms/cm 2 ) would have a voltage loss of 1.05 x 10- 2 volts
- a copper to nickel joint as might be used on the cathode, operating at 3 asi (0.465 amps/cm 2 ) with a pressure of 5 psi (0.3448 bar) (specific resistance 7.7 x 10- 5 ohm-in z ) (49.68 x 10- 5 ohms/cm 2 ) would have a voltage loss of 2.33 x 10- 4 volts.
- the difference between copper to titanium and copper to nickel is due to differences in contact resistance due to different materials and different surface preparations, oxides, etc. Modifications to the metal surfaces or the use of interface materials to take advantage of lower contact resistance of various metals is further discussed hereinbelow.
- a thin pan is preferred because it is flexible and conforms to the current distributor member in a connection creating a large contact area. Additionally, materials such as conductive reticulates (sponge metal), Multilam (Trademark), conductive wools and the like may be used as an interface in contact with the current distributor member or back plates to increase the contact area. Because contact resistance is also dependent upon the materials in contact, the distributor member and/or the pan may be coated with a material as an interface to make the contact resistance lower. Suitable examples include coatings and plating of metals such as silver, gold, platinum, nickel and copper by methods such as plasma spraying, painting, flame spraying, sputtering, vapor deposition and combinations of the above.
- sealing means such as a gasket may be placed between the distributor member and pan.
- This sealing means is located so as to ' be around the perimeter of the current distributor member and anode assembly or cathode assembly pan to prevent entrance of corrosive elements which could oxidize the contact and thereby increase resistance.
- the sealing means may also employ a conductive and/or anti-oxidation material.
- the bulkheads, tie rods and associated equipment used to hold the cells in place in the electrolyzer and seal the cells are those generally well known in the art. They are generally the same size as the cells to be pressed between said bulkheads and generally are constructed of heavy gauge steel. The bulkheads and tie rods may or may not be electrically isolated from the cells as is preferable in each particular use.
- integral manifolding is constructed of titanium metal or nickel metal as the case warrants for particular inputs and outputs, inlets and outlets, and said integral manifolding is electrically isolated from the individual cells preferably by being physically spaced so as not to be in contact with the cells of polarity not desired in that particular manifold line.
- the bipolar filter press zero gap electrolyzers of the present invention are configured such that an anode assembly pan back plate is in back-to-back facing relationship with a cathode assembly pan back plate. Between the back plates is a current distributor member. On either exposed, opposite active electrode face of said anode assemblies and said cathode assemblies is a membrane which is in physical contact with said exposed active electrode faces. On either side of the exposed surfaces of said membranes are opposite polarity active electrode faces.
- the monopolar filter press zero gap electrolyzers of the present invention are configured such that two anode pan back plates are in back-to-back facing relationship and are separated by a current distributor member. On each exposed, opposite active anode face of said anodes is a membrane which is in physical contact with the active anode face. On the other side of the membranes are cathode assemblies in pairs back-to-back with current distributor members in between each pair. This stack assembly is repeated until the desired number of cells is reached.
- Bulkheads are provided for either the monopolar or bipolar electrolyzer on either end with connecting tie rods and associated paraphernalia to contain the so-produced cells. Sealing of the stack is provided by either gaskets or O-rings, the appropriate face or channeling necessary for gaskets and/or O-rings being provided in the respective anode and cathode assembly pans.
- Figures 1 and 3-7 relate to a monopolar embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 1 shows a monopolar electrolyzer (1) consisting of a plurality of vertical anode assemblies (4) and cathode assemblies (5) in physical contact with permselective membranes (6) (zero gap). Also shown are integral discharge and inlet manifolds (100). Additionally bulkheads (2) and tie rods (3) are illustrated.
- FIG. 3 shows a partial cross sectional plan view of the electrolyzer of Figure 1 in its assembled condition.
- This view shows anode pans (10) located on either side of current distributor member (30).
- cathode pans (20) are located on either side of current distributor members (30).
- the anode pans (10) have active anode areas (11) attached to said pans via springs (12) and also incorporate a sealing means (13).
- the cathode pans (20) have active cathode areas (21) attached to them, in this particular case reticulate bodies without springs, and also utilize a sealing means (23).
- These anode and cathode assemblies are alternated and are in contact with and separated by membranes (6). Spacers (40) are utilized as necessary to maintain proper cell dimensions.
- grouting material (50) for making the pans more rigid is shown.
- Figure 7 represents a detailed view of an integral manifolding embodiment showing an anode assembly (4), a cathode assembly (5) and an integral manifold (100).
- the integral manifold (100) is shown as comprising spacer section (101), sealing means (103), coupler (104) and manifold sections (107). Also shown are current distributor member (30) and spacer (40). Obviously, the manifold sections (107) and spacer sections (101) of the cathode manifolding are reversed for the anode manifolding.
- Figure 8 shows a bipolar electrolyzer (32) consisting of a plurality of vertical anode pan assemblies (35) and cathode pan assemblies (36) which in the assembled condition are in physical contact with permselective membranes (37) (zero gap).
- a single terminal current distributor member (61) is located on each end of the electrolyzer and further current distributor members, referred to as interface materials (38), are located between and in contact with the backs of adjacent anode and cathode pan assemblies.
- interface materials also shown are integral discharge and inlet ports (131). Additionally bulkheads (33) and tie rods (34) are illustrated.
- FIG 9 shows a preferred embodiment of one version of a hybrid electrolyzer of the present invention.
- the electrolyzer (32) comprises bulkheads (33), tie rods (34), anode assemblies (35), cathode assemblies (36), membranes (37), intermediate current distributors referred to as interface material (38), terminal current distributors (61) and integral discharge and inlet ports (131).
- FIG 10 shows a partial cross sectional elevation view of Figure 8.
- This view shows anode pans (35) and cathode pans (36).
- Located on either end of the electrolyzer is a single terminal current distributor member (61).
- the anode pans have active anode areas (42) attached to said pans via springs (43) and also incorporate a sealing means (44).
- the cathode pans (36) have active cathode areas (52) attached to them, in this particular case reticulate bodies without springs, and also utilize a sealing means (54).
- These anode and cathode assemblies are alternated and are in contact with and separated by membranes (37).
- Intermediate current distributors referred to as interface materials (38) are,utilized to help maintain proper electrical contact.
- grouting material (81) for making the pans more rigid is shown. It is understood that as many cells as desired may be placed between the bulkheads, in a variety of monopolar and/or bipolar sections arranged and connected together in an electrolyzer.
- FIG 11 shows a partial cross sectional elevation view of a monopolar electrolyzer or a monopolar section of a hybrid electrolyzer.
- This view shows anode pans (35) located on either side of current distributor member (61).
- cathode pans (36) are located on either side of current distributor members (61).
- the anode pans have active anode areas (42) attached to said pans via springs (43) and also incorporate a sealing means (44).
- the cathode pans (36) have active cathode areas (52) attached to them, in this particular case reticulate bodies without springs, and also utilize a sealing means (54).
- These anode and cathode assemblies are alternated and are in contact with and separated by membranes (37). Spacers (71) are utilized as necessary to maintain proper cell dimensions.
- grouting material (81) for making the pans more rigid and insulators (91) are shown.
- Figure 12 shows a partial cross sectional plan view of the electrolyzer of Figure 9 in the assembled condition.
- This view shows anode pans (35), and cathode pans (36) as well as membranes (37), interface materials (38), current distributor members (61), insulators (91), grouting material (81), cathode active area (52), cathode sealing means (54), anode sealing means (44), anode active areas (42) and anode springs (43).
- FIG 13 shows a detailed view of a cathode pan assembly (36) with cathode pan (51), cathode active area (52), peripheral sealing means (54) and integral discharge and inlet ports (131).
- Figure 14 shows a detailed view of an anode pan assembly (35) with anode pan (41), anode active area (42), sealing means (44) and integral discharge and inlet ports (131).
- the contact resistance between the back plate of the anode pan and the current distributor member was 64 mV without the copper reticulate interface material and 12 mV when the copper reticulate interface material was utilized. The benefit of using this embodiment of the invention to reduce contact resistance is thus clearly demonstrated.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Bipolar Transistors (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT84900568T ATE42580T1 (de) | 1982-12-27 | 1983-12-20 | Monopolare-, bipolare und/oder hybride membranzelle. |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US45357382A | 1982-12-27 | 1982-12-27 | |
US453573 | 1982-12-27 | ||
US52969183A | 1983-09-06 | 1983-09-06 | |
US529691 | 1983-09-06 | ||
US55885083A | 1983-12-07 | 1983-12-07 | |
US558850 | 1983-12-07 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0130215A1 EP0130215A1 (de) | 1985-01-09 |
EP0130215B1 true EP0130215B1 (de) | 1989-04-26 |
Family
ID=27412573
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84900568A Expired EP0130215B1 (de) | 1982-12-27 | 1983-12-20 | Monopolare-, bipolare und/oder hybride membranzelle |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0130215B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS60500454A (de) |
KR (1) | KR910003644B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE42580T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU565760B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR8307663A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1225964A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3379737D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK406684D0 (de) |
ES (2) | ES8501453A1 (de) |
FI (1) | FI77270C (de) |
GR (1) | GR79738B (de) |
IL (1) | IL70543A (de) |
IT (1) | IT1197764B (de) |
NO (1) | NO163575C (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ206668A (de) |
PT (1) | PT77900B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1984002537A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4588483A (en) * | 1984-07-02 | 1986-05-13 | Olin Corporation | High current density cell |
IT1200403B (it) * | 1985-03-07 | 1989-01-18 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Celle elettrolitiche mono e bipolari e relative strutture elettrodiche |
US20160199784A1 (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2016-07-14 | Trish Choudhary | Separating and Demineralizing Biomolecule Solutions by Electrodialysis |
DE102018209520A1 (de) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-19 | Thyssenkrupp Uhde Chlorine Engineers Gmbh | Elektrolysezelle |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4017375A (en) * | 1975-12-15 | 1977-04-12 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Bipolar electrode for an electrolytic cell |
US4116807A (en) * | 1977-01-21 | 1978-09-26 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Explosion bonding of bipolar electrode backplates |
US4244802A (en) * | 1979-06-11 | 1981-01-13 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Monopolar membrane cell having metal laminate cell body |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4137144A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1979-01-30 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. | Hollow bipolar electrolytic cell anode-cathode connecting device |
US4108752A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1978-08-22 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Electrolytic cell bank having spring loaded intercell connectors |
DE2914869A1 (de) * | 1979-04-12 | 1980-10-30 | Hoechst Ag | Elektrolyseapparat |
IT1140510B (it) * | 1980-01-16 | 1986-10-01 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | Elettrolizzatore bipolare e procedimento di elettrolisi di elettrolisi di alogenuri |
IN156372B (de) * | 1980-05-15 | 1985-07-06 | Ici Plc |
-
1983
- 1983-12-20 JP JP84500693A patent/JPS60500454A/ja active Pending
- 1983-12-20 WO PCT/US1983/001999 patent/WO1984002537A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1983-12-20 BR BR8307663A patent/BR8307663A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-20 AT AT84900568T patent/ATE42580T1/de active
- 1983-12-20 DE DE8484900568T patent/DE3379737D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-12-20 EP EP84900568A patent/EP0130215B1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-12-20 AU AU24388/84A patent/AU565760B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-12-21 NZ NZ206668A patent/NZ206668A/en unknown
- 1983-12-22 GR GR73334A patent/GR79738B/el unknown
- 1983-12-22 CA CA000444118A patent/CA1225964A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-12-23 IT IT8349571A patent/IT1197764B/it active
- 1983-12-26 KR KR1019830006178A patent/KR910003644B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-26 ES ES528412A patent/ES8501453A1/es not_active Expired
- 1983-12-26 IL IL70543A patent/IL70543A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-27 PT PT77900A patent/PT77900B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1984
- 1984-07-27 ES ES534699A patent/ES8706216A1/es not_active Expired
- 1984-08-24 FI FI843345A patent/FI77270C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-08-24 DK DK406684A patent/DK406684D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-08-24 NO NO84843391A patent/NO163575C/no unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4017375A (en) * | 1975-12-15 | 1977-04-12 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Bipolar electrode for an electrolytic cell |
US4116807A (en) * | 1977-01-21 | 1978-09-26 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Explosion bonding of bipolar electrode backplates |
US4244802A (en) * | 1979-06-11 | 1981-01-13 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Monopolar membrane cell having metal laminate cell body |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE42580T1 (de) | 1989-05-15 |
KR910003644B1 (ko) | 1991-06-07 |
DE3379737D1 (en) | 1989-06-01 |
PT77900B (en) | 1986-04-11 |
IT8349571A0 (it) | 1983-12-23 |
NO843391L (no) | 1984-08-24 |
JPS60500454A (ja) | 1985-04-04 |
FI77270B (fi) | 1988-10-31 |
ES528412A0 (es) | 1984-12-01 |
BR8307663A (pt) | 1984-12-11 |
DK406684A (da) | 1984-08-24 |
NO163575B (no) | 1990-03-12 |
AU565760B2 (en) | 1987-09-24 |
IL70543A0 (en) | 1984-03-30 |
ES8706216A1 (es) | 1987-06-01 |
WO1984002537A1 (en) | 1984-07-05 |
GR79738B (de) | 1984-10-31 |
AU2438884A (en) | 1984-07-17 |
ES8501453A1 (es) | 1984-12-01 |
PT77900A (en) | 1984-01-01 |
ES534699A0 (es) | 1987-06-01 |
DK406684D0 (da) | 1984-08-24 |
IL70543A (en) | 1987-08-31 |
CA1225964A (en) | 1987-08-25 |
FI843345A0 (fi) | 1984-08-24 |
FI843345A (fi) | 1984-08-24 |
NO163575C (no) | 1990-06-20 |
KR840007608A (ko) | 1984-12-08 |
IT1197764B (it) | 1988-12-06 |
EP0130215A1 (de) | 1985-01-09 |
NZ206668A (en) | 1987-09-30 |
FI77270C (fi) | 1989-02-10 |
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