EP0129676A1 - Glühkerze mit einem schichtförmigen Heizwiderstand - Google Patents

Glühkerze mit einem schichtförmigen Heizwiderstand Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0129676A1
EP0129676A1 EP84104882A EP84104882A EP0129676A1 EP 0129676 A1 EP0129676 A1 EP 0129676A1 EP 84104882 A EP84104882 A EP 84104882A EP 84104882 A EP84104882 A EP 84104882A EP 0129676 A1 EP0129676 A1 EP 0129676A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glow plug
shell
heater element
external
cylindrical substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84104882A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0129676B1 (de
Inventor
Mark A. Brooks
Donald A. Grimes
Fred E. Heischman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Allied Corp
Original Assignee
Bendix Corp
Allied Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bendix Corp, Allied Corp filed Critical Bendix Corp
Publication of EP0129676A1 publication Critical patent/EP0129676A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0129676B1 publication Critical patent/EP0129676B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the invention is related to the field of electric heaters for the ignition of hydrocarbon fuels and in particular to glow plugs for assisting the start of Diesel type internal combustion engines.
  • glow plugs are currently used in compression ignited or Diesel type internal combustion engines to assist in the ignition of the air/fuel mixture during cold starts.
  • glow plugs are essential in the northern states during the winter months when ambient temperatures fall below 10°C.
  • the invention is a glow plug for an internal combustion engine having a cylindrical metal shell, an axial electrical terminal located concentrically in said shell and electrically insulated therefrom and a surface film heater member electrically connected between the metal shell and the axial electrode.
  • the heater member comprises a cylindrical nonconductive substrate having one end internally captivated between one end of the shell and the axial electrical terminal, and the other end of the heater member protruding externally from the shell.
  • a concentric bore passes through said substrate.
  • a resistive surface film heater element is coated on at least one surface of the substrate adjacent to the external end.
  • a first conductive surface film coated on the external surface of the substrate connects one end of the heater element to the shell.
  • a second conductive surface film coated on at least the internal surface of the substrate connects the other end of the heater element with the axial electrical terminal.
  • the heater element is a transition metal of the platinum family.
  • glow plug One advantage of the glow plug is that the cylindrical heating element forms a hot cul-de-sac region isolated from the cooling effects of impringing air/fuel mixture and enhances ignition.
  • glow plug Another advantage of the glow plug is that both connections between the heater element, the shell and the axial electrical terminal are made internal to the shell and not exposed to the high temperature and corrosive atmosphere of the engine. Still another advantage of the glow plug is that the heater element is located at the tip of the ceramic substrate minimizing the protrusion needed into the engine's ignition chamber reducing interference of the glow plug with the ignition'chamber's air flow pattern.
  • the glow plug 10 comprises a cylindrical metal shell 12 having an internal bore 14. Formed at one end of the shell 12 is a contact seat 16 defining a heater aperture 18. Located in the internal bore 14 is a heater member 20 having a resistive surface film heater element 24 coated or disposed on at least one surface of a nonconductive substrate 22 adjacent to one end thereof as shall be described hereinafter.
  • the nonconductive substrate 22 is preferably a high temperature ceramic, but may be quartz, a high temperature glass, or metal sleeve coated with an insulating material.
  • the substrate has an internal bore 26, a base or internal portion 28 disposed in shell 12 and a smaller diameter external portion 30 protruding external to the shell 12 through the heater aperture 18. Heater aperture 18 has a diameter smaller than the diameter of internal portion 28 of the substrate 22 and larger than the diameter of external portion 30.
  • An axial electrical terminal 36 has a radial flange 38 and guide 40 formed at one end.
  • the guide 40 is received into the internal bore 26 of substrate 22 with one face of the radial flange 38 abutting the internal end face 42 of the substrate 22 with a force sufficient to deform an electrically conductive gasket 32 interposed between a shoulder 34 of the substrate 22 and the shell contact seat 16.
  • the conductive gasket 32 may be copper, gold or any other maleable metal or alloy.
  • a cylindrical insulator member 44 similar to the insulator commonly used in spark plugs, is inserted in bore 14 circumscribing axial electrical terminal 36 and abutting the opposite face of radial flange 38.
  • the end of the shell 12 is crimped over to form a peripheral lip 46.
  • the insulator member 44, axial electrical terminal 36 and heater member 20 are then locked tightly inside of shell 12 by a hot press operation which heats, then cools and undercut groove 95 while a compressive force is applied between peripheral lip 46 and the opposing end 96 of an external hexagonal portion 50.
  • the shell 12 further includes an externally threaded portion 48 for amounting the glow plug 10 in the engine.
  • the external hexagonal portion 50 facilitates threading the glow plug into an appropriate threaded aperture of the engine.
  • One advantage of the glow plug shown in FIGURE 1 is that the electrical connections between the surface film heater element 24, the shell 12, and the axial electrical terminal 36 are made internal to the shell 12 where they are protected from the high temperatures and corrosive atmosphere inside of the engine. This configuration eliminates the electrical terminal corrosion problems encountered with the prior designs.
  • the heater member 20 has a generally cylindrical substrate 22 having an internal bore 26, an internal portion 28, a smaller diameter external portion 30, and a sloped shoulder 34 connecting the external surfaces of the internal portion 28 and external portion 30.
  • the edges at end face 52 of the substrate 22 are ground to form radii blending the end face 52 with the contiguous internal surface of bore 26 with 'the external surface of the substrate or may be ground to form a full radius as shown.
  • a ground radius 54 is formed at the base of the substrate blending the end face 42 with the internal surface of bore 26.
  • a highly conductive metal film 56 is circumferentially coated on the surface of shoulder 34 and a predetermined distance along the external surface of the external portion 30 of the substrate leaving a first uncoated portion 60 adjacent to end face 42 and a second uncoated portion 64 adjacent to end face 52.
  • a similar highly conductive metal film 58 is coated on the internal surface of cylindrical substrate 22 and extends around radius 54 onto end face 42 as shown.
  • the metal film on the end face 42 has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the internal portion 28 leaving an uncoated peripheral portion 62.
  • the highly conductive metal films 56 and 58 may be transition metal films, gold films, alloys thereof or any other metal or metal alloy films.
  • a resistive metal surface film heater element 24, having a resistance greater than 0.2 ohms is deposited on the uncoated portion 64 of the substrate and on end face 52.
  • the resistance of heater element 24 is between 0.4 and 0.6 ohms.
  • the resistive metal of heater element 24 is of the platinum family consisting of platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium and alloys thereof. Alloys having higher melting temperatures, such as alloys containing tungsten and at least one transition metal may be used to increase the operating temperature of the glow plug.
  • the primary advantage of the cylindrical configuration of the heater member is that the bore 26 form a high temperature cul-de-sac adjacent to its open end which is isolated from the cooling effects of the swirling air/ fuel mixture in the engine's ignition chamber.
  • the air/fuel mixture entering the high temperature cul-de-sac formed by bore 26 is more readily ignited than the air/fuel mixture impringing on the external surfaces of the heater member enhancing the ignition efficiency of the glow plug.
  • one end of the heater element 24 is in electrical contact with the shell 12 through surface film 56 on shoulder 34 and electrically conductive gasket 32 while other end of heater element is in electrical contact with axial electrical terminal 36 through surface film 58 on the internal surface of bore 26 and radial flange 38 abutting the extention of surface film 58 onto the end face 42.
  • the bore 26 of the substrate 22 is tapered outwardly at end 52 to enhance the depth at which the heater element 24 may be coated into bore 26. This permits the heater element 24 to wrap around end face 52 and extend a short distance into bore 26 as shown. This further enhances the formation of the high temperature cul-de-sac as previously described.
  • the heater element 24 may be coated on the internal surface of the ceramic substrate defined by bore 26 as shown on Figure 4.
  • the conductive metal film 56 extends along the external surface of the substrate adjacent to end face 52.
  • the conductive metal film 58 extends along the internal surface of the substrate and onto end face 42 as in the prior embodiments. This configuration further enhances the high temperature cul-de-sac formed in the bore 26 of ceramic substrate adjacent to the external end face 52.
  • FIGURE 5 there is illustrated a typical swirl chamber 68 of a diesel type engine having an aperture 70 communicating with the corresponding engine cylinder.
  • air is pumped in and out of the swirl chamber 68 with the reciprocation of the cylinder's piston as indicated by dashed double headed arrrow 72.
  • Fuel from a Fuel Injector 74 is injected into the swirl chamber where it is mixed with the swirling air to form a combustible air/fuel mixture.
  • the heater element 24 of the improved glow plug 10 is formed at the tip of the substrate 22, only the tip of the glow plug need to protrude into the swirl chamber 68 as shown. In this way the glow plug 10 produces minimal interference with the swirling air pattern inside of chamber 68. In fact, tests conducted to date indicate efficient ignition of the air fuel mixture can be obtained with the glow plug mounted in the glow plug well 76 with the tip disposed flush with the internal walls of the swirl chamber 68.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP84104882A 1983-06-23 1984-05-02 Glühkerze mit einem schichtförmigen Heizwiderstand Expired EP0129676B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US50725483A 1983-06-23 1983-06-23
US507254 1983-06-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0129676A1 true EP0129676A1 (de) 1985-01-02
EP0129676B1 EP0129676B1 (de) 1987-07-08

Family

ID=24017878

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84104882A Expired EP0129676B1 (de) 1983-06-23 1984-05-02 Glühkerze mit einem schichtförmigen Heizwiderstand

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0129676B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6017632A (de)
AU (1) AU2795084A (de)
BR (1) BR8402891A (de)
CA (1) CA1230937A (de)
DE (1) DE3464660D1 (de)
ES (1) ES533650A0 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0191347A2 (de) * 1985-02-15 1986-08-20 AlliedSignal Inc. Elektronische Steuerung für Heizelement mit vorherbestimmtem Temperaturkoeffizienten
EP0194535A2 (de) * 1985-03-15 1986-09-17 Allied Corporation Glühkerze mit einem schichtförmigen Heizwiderstand aus metallischen Siliziden
DE3607888A1 (de) * 1985-03-22 1986-10-02 Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo Temperaturgesteuerte gluehkerze
EP0244619A1 (de) * 1986-04-26 1987-11-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräume von Brennkraftmaschinen
US4816643A (en) * 1985-03-15 1989-03-28 Allied-Signal Inc. Glow plug having a metal silicide resistive film heater

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6361662U (de) * 1986-10-09 1988-04-23

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1194201B (de) * 1961-10-25 1965-06-03 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Gluehkerze fuer Brennkraftmaschinen
DE2900984A1 (de) * 1979-01-12 1980-07-17 Heraeus Gmbh W C Gluehkerze fuer dieselmotoren
GB2092670A (en) * 1981-02-07 1982-08-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Glow plug for internal combustion engines

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55125363A (en) * 1979-03-20 1980-09-27 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc Self-heating ignitor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1194201B (de) * 1961-10-25 1965-06-03 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Gluehkerze fuer Brennkraftmaschinen
DE2900984A1 (de) * 1979-01-12 1980-07-17 Heraeus Gmbh W C Gluehkerze fuer dieselmotoren
GB2092670A (en) * 1981-02-07 1982-08-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Glow plug for internal combustion engines

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0191347A2 (de) * 1985-02-15 1986-08-20 AlliedSignal Inc. Elektronische Steuerung für Heizelement mit vorherbestimmtem Temperaturkoeffizienten
EP0191347A3 (de) * 1985-02-15 1987-04-01 AlliedSignal Inc. Elektronische Steuerung für Heizelement mit vorherbestimmtem Temperaturkoeffizienten
EP0194535A2 (de) * 1985-03-15 1986-09-17 Allied Corporation Glühkerze mit einem schichtförmigen Heizwiderstand aus metallischen Siliziden
EP0194535A3 (de) * 1985-03-15 1988-01-07 Allied Corporation Glühkerze mit einem schichtförmigen Heizwiderstand aus metallischen Siliziden
US4816643A (en) * 1985-03-15 1989-03-28 Allied-Signal Inc. Glow plug having a metal silicide resistive film heater
DE3607888A1 (de) * 1985-03-22 1986-10-02 Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo Temperaturgesteuerte gluehkerze
EP0244619A1 (de) * 1986-04-26 1987-11-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräume von Brennkraftmaschinen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2795084A (en) 1985-01-03
JPS6017632A (ja) 1985-01-29
BR8402891A (pt) 1985-05-21
ES8601581A1 (es) 1985-10-16
CA1230937A (en) 1987-12-29
ES533650A0 (es) 1985-10-16
EP0129676B1 (de) 1987-07-08
DE3464660D1 (en) 1987-08-13

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