EP0129676A1 - An improved glow plug having a resistive surface film heater - Google Patents
An improved glow plug having a resistive surface film heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0129676A1 EP0129676A1 EP84104882A EP84104882A EP0129676A1 EP 0129676 A1 EP0129676 A1 EP 0129676A1 EP 84104882 A EP84104882 A EP 84104882A EP 84104882 A EP84104882 A EP 84104882A EP 0129676 A1 EP0129676 A1 EP 0129676A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glow plug
- shell
- heater element
- external
- cylindrical substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 210000003717 douglas' pouch Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000629 Rh alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
Definitions
- the invention is related to the field of electric heaters for the ignition of hydrocarbon fuels and in particular to glow plugs for assisting the start of Diesel type internal combustion engines.
- glow plugs are currently used in compression ignited or Diesel type internal combustion engines to assist in the ignition of the air/fuel mixture during cold starts.
- glow plugs are essential in the northern states during the winter months when ambient temperatures fall below 10°C.
- the invention is a glow plug for an internal combustion engine having a cylindrical metal shell, an axial electrical terminal located concentrically in said shell and electrically insulated therefrom and a surface film heater member electrically connected between the metal shell and the axial electrode.
- the heater member comprises a cylindrical nonconductive substrate having one end internally captivated between one end of the shell and the axial electrical terminal, and the other end of the heater member protruding externally from the shell.
- a concentric bore passes through said substrate.
- a resistive surface film heater element is coated on at least one surface of the substrate adjacent to the external end.
- a first conductive surface film coated on the external surface of the substrate connects one end of the heater element to the shell.
- a second conductive surface film coated on at least the internal surface of the substrate connects the other end of the heater element with the axial electrical terminal.
- the heater element is a transition metal of the platinum family.
- glow plug One advantage of the glow plug is that the cylindrical heating element forms a hot cul-de-sac region isolated from the cooling effects of impringing air/fuel mixture and enhances ignition.
- glow plug Another advantage of the glow plug is that both connections between the heater element, the shell and the axial electrical terminal are made internal to the shell and not exposed to the high temperature and corrosive atmosphere of the engine. Still another advantage of the glow plug is that the heater element is located at the tip of the ceramic substrate minimizing the protrusion needed into the engine's ignition chamber reducing interference of the glow plug with the ignition'chamber's air flow pattern.
- the glow plug 10 comprises a cylindrical metal shell 12 having an internal bore 14. Formed at one end of the shell 12 is a contact seat 16 defining a heater aperture 18. Located in the internal bore 14 is a heater member 20 having a resistive surface film heater element 24 coated or disposed on at least one surface of a nonconductive substrate 22 adjacent to one end thereof as shall be described hereinafter.
- the nonconductive substrate 22 is preferably a high temperature ceramic, but may be quartz, a high temperature glass, or metal sleeve coated with an insulating material.
- the substrate has an internal bore 26, a base or internal portion 28 disposed in shell 12 and a smaller diameter external portion 30 protruding external to the shell 12 through the heater aperture 18. Heater aperture 18 has a diameter smaller than the diameter of internal portion 28 of the substrate 22 and larger than the diameter of external portion 30.
- An axial electrical terminal 36 has a radial flange 38 and guide 40 formed at one end.
- the guide 40 is received into the internal bore 26 of substrate 22 with one face of the radial flange 38 abutting the internal end face 42 of the substrate 22 with a force sufficient to deform an electrically conductive gasket 32 interposed between a shoulder 34 of the substrate 22 and the shell contact seat 16.
- the conductive gasket 32 may be copper, gold or any other maleable metal or alloy.
- a cylindrical insulator member 44 similar to the insulator commonly used in spark plugs, is inserted in bore 14 circumscribing axial electrical terminal 36 and abutting the opposite face of radial flange 38.
- the end of the shell 12 is crimped over to form a peripheral lip 46.
- the insulator member 44, axial electrical terminal 36 and heater member 20 are then locked tightly inside of shell 12 by a hot press operation which heats, then cools and undercut groove 95 while a compressive force is applied between peripheral lip 46 and the opposing end 96 of an external hexagonal portion 50.
- the shell 12 further includes an externally threaded portion 48 for amounting the glow plug 10 in the engine.
- the external hexagonal portion 50 facilitates threading the glow plug into an appropriate threaded aperture of the engine.
- One advantage of the glow plug shown in FIGURE 1 is that the electrical connections between the surface film heater element 24, the shell 12, and the axial electrical terminal 36 are made internal to the shell 12 where they are protected from the high temperatures and corrosive atmosphere inside of the engine. This configuration eliminates the electrical terminal corrosion problems encountered with the prior designs.
- the heater member 20 has a generally cylindrical substrate 22 having an internal bore 26, an internal portion 28, a smaller diameter external portion 30, and a sloped shoulder 34 connecting the external surfaces of the internal portion 28 and external portion 30.
- the edges at end face 52 of the substrate 22 are ground to form radii blending the end face 52 with the contiguous internal surface of bore 26 with 'the external surface of the substrate or may be ground to form a full radius as shown.
- a ground radius 54 is formed at the base of the substrate blending the end face 42 with the internal surface of bore 26.
- a highly conductive metal film 56 is circumferentially coated on the surface of shoulder 34 and a predetermined distance along the external surface of the external portion 30 of the substrate leaving a first uncoated portion 60 adjacent to end face 42 and a second uncoated portion 64 adjacent to end face 52.
- a similar highly conductive metal film 58 is coated on the internal surface of cylindrical substrate 22 and extends around radius 54 onto end face 42 as shown.
- the metal film on the end face 42 has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the internal portion 28 leaving an uncoated peripheral portion 62.
- the highly conductive metal films 56 and 58 may be transition metal films, gold films, alloys thereof or any other metal or metal alloy films.
- a resistive metal surface film heater element 24, having a resistance greater than 0.2 ohms is deposited on the uncoated portion 64 of the substrate and on end face 52.
- the resistance of heater element 24 is between 0.4 and 0.6 ohms.
- the resistive metal of heater element 24 is of the platinum family consisting of platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium and alloys thereof. Alloys having higher melting temperatures, such as alloys containing tungsten and at least one transition metal may be used to increase the operating temperature of the glow plug.
- the primary advantage of the cylindrical configuration of the heater member is that the bore 26 form a high temperature cul-de-sac adjacent to its open end which is isolated from the cooling effects of the swirling air/ fuel mixture in the engine's ignition chamber.
- the air/fuel mixture entering the high temperature cul-de-sac formed by bore 26 is more readily ignited than the air/fuel mixture impringing on the external surfaces of the heater member enhancing the ignition efficiency of the glow plug.
- one end of the heater element 24 is in electrical contact with the shell 12 through surface film 56 on shoulder 34 and electrically conductive gasket 32 while other end of heater element is in electrical contact with axial electrical terminal 36 through surface film 58 on the internal surface of bore 26 and radial flange 38 abutting the extention of surface film 58 onto the end face 42.
- the bore 26 of the substrate 22 is tapered outwardly at end 52 to enhance the depth at which the heater element 24 may be coated into bore 26. This permits the heater element 24 to wrap around end face 52 and extend a short distance into bore 26 as shown. This further enhances the formation of the high temperature cul-de-sac as previously described.
- the heater element 24 may be coated on the internal surface of the ceramic substrate defined by bore 26 as shown on Figure 4.
- the conductive metal film 56 extends along the external surface of the substrate adjacent to end face 52.
- the conductive metal film 58 extends along the internal surface of the substrate and onto end face 42 as in the prior embodiments. This configuration further enhances the high temperature cul-de-sac formed in the bore 26 of ceramic substrate adjacent to the external end face 52.
- FIGURE 5 there is illustrated a typical swirl chamber 68 of a diesel type engine having an aperture 70 communicating with the corresponding engine cylinder.
- air is pumped in and out of the swirl chamber 68 with the reciprocation of the cylinder's piston as indicated by dashed double headed arrrow 72.
- Fuel from a Fuel Injector 74 is injected into the swirl chamber where it is mixed with the swirling air to form a combustible air/fuel mixture.
- the heater element 24 of the improved glow plug 10 is formed at the tip of the substrate 22, only the tip of the glow plug need to protrude into the swirl chamber 68 as shown. In this way the glow plug 10 produces minimal interference with the swirling air pattern inside of chamber 68. In fact, tests conducted to date indicate efficient ignition of the air fuel mixture can be obtained with the glow plug mounted in the glow plug well 76 with the tip disposed flush with the internal walls of the swirl chamber 68.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention is related to the field of electric heaters for the ignition of hydrocarbon fuels and in particular to glow plugs for assisting the start of Diesel type internal combustion engines.
- Electrically energized glow plugs are currently used in compression ignited or Diesel type internal combustion engines to assist in the ignition of the air/fuel mixture during cold starts. In particular glow plugs are essential in the northern states during the winter months when ambient temperatures fall below 10°C.
- Currently the glow plugs, such as disclosed by Mann in U.S. Patent 4,281,451, have a coil wire heater enclosed in a protective metal shield. The problem with these glow plugs is that they have a relatively low thermal response time, 15 to 30 seconds, and require relatively large currents, 15 to 25 amps, to bring them up to the required operating temperature. The prior art also teaches replacing the coiled wire heating element with a spiral wound flat tape type heating element as disclosed by Knowles in U.S. Patent 4,297,785. Alternatively Yamamoto et al in U.S. Patent 4,357,526 and Sagawa et al in U.S. Patent 4,035,613 teach a discrete printed circuit heating element imbedded in a ceramic body. However, all of these glow plugs still exhibit the same slow thermal response and relatively high electrical power requirements.
- In contrast to the glow plugs described above, Knoll et al in British Patent Application 2,092,670-A published August 18, 1982, disclose a glow plug having a layered platinum-rhodium alloy surface film heater element applied to the base of a closed end ceramic tube.
- The Applicant in co-pending commonly assigned Patent Application Serial No. 430,909, filed September 30, 1982 disclosed a similar glow plug having a transition metal surface film heater element circumfrentially coated on a surface of a cylindrical ceramic substrate adjacent to it's end. Tests of the glow plug disclosed in Patent Application 430,909 exhibited improved performance, however, contact corrosion at the opposite ends of the surface film heater element where electrical contact was made to the outer shell and axial electrical terminal were encountered during life tests. The invention is an improved embodiment of the surface film heater type glow plug which is more efficient than the glow plug disclosed by Knoll et al, is easier to make, and solves the contact problems encountered in the former design.
- The invention is a glow plug for an internal combustion engine having a cylindrical metal shell, an axial electrical terminal located concentrically in said shell and electrically insulated therefrom and a surface film heater member electrically connected between the metal shell and the axial electrode. The heater member comprises a cylindrical nonconductive substrate having one end internally captivated between one end of the shell and the axial electrical terminal, and the other end of the heater member protruding externally from the shell. A concentric bore passes through said substrate. A resistive surface film heater element is coated on at least one surface of the substrate adjacent to the external end. A first conductive surface film coated on the external surface of the substrate connects one end of the heater element to the shell. A second conductive surface film coated on at least the internal surface of the substrate connects the other end of the heater element with the axial electrical terminal. Preferably the heater element is a transition metal of the platinum family.
- One advantage of the glow plug is that the cylindrical heating element forms a hot cul-de-sac region isolated from the cooling effects of impringing air/fuel mixture and enhances ignition.
- Another advantage of the glow plug is that both connections between the heater element, the shell and the axial electrical terminal are made internal to the shell and not exposed to the high temperature and corrosive atmosphere of the engine. Still another advantage of the glow plug is that the heater element is located at the tip of the ceramic substrate minimizing the protrusion needed into the engine's ignition chamber reducing interference of the glow plug with the ignition'chamber's air flow pattern. These and other advantages of the improved glow plug will become more apparent from a reading of the specification in conjunction with the drawings.
-
- FIGURE 1 is a cross section of the improved embodiment of the glow plug.
- FIGURE 2 is an enlarged cross-section showing the details of the heater member.
- FIGURE 3 is an enlarged cross-section of a second embodiment of the heater member.
- FIGURE 4 is an enlarged cross-section of a third embodiment of the heater member.
- FIGURE 5 is a cross-section showing the glow plug mounted in the swirl chamber of a diesel type internal combustion engine.
- A cross-sectional view of the glow plug is shown in FIGURE 1. The
glow plug 10 comprises a cylindrical metal shell 12 having aninternal bore 14. Formed at one end of the shell 12 is acontact seat 16 defining aheater aperture 18. Located in theinternal bore 14 is aheater member 20 having a resistive surfacefilm heater element 24 coated or disposed on at least one surface of anonconductive substrate 22 adjacent to one end thereof as shall be described hereinafter. Thenonconductive substrate 22 is preferably a high temperature ceramic, but may be quartz, a high temperature glass, or metal sleeve coated with an insulating material. The substrate has aninternal bore 26, a base orinternal portion 28 disposed in shell 12 and a smaller diameterexternal portion 30 protruding external to the shell 12 through theheater aperture 18.Heater aperture 18 has a diameter smaller than the diameter ofinternal portion 28 of thesubstrate 22 and larger than the diameter ofexternal portion 30. - An axial
electrical terminal 36 has a radial flange 38 andguide 40 formed at one end. Theguide 40 is received into theinternal bore 26 ofsubstrate 22 with one face of the radial flange 38 abutting theinternal end face 42 of thesubstrate 22 with a force sufficient to deform an electricallyconductive gasket 32 interposed between ashoulder 34 of thesubstrate 22 and theshell contact seat 16. Theconductive gasket 32 may be copper, gold or any other maleable metal or alloy. - A
cylindrical insulator member 44, similar to the insulator commonly used in spark plugs, is inserted inbore 14 circumscribing axialelectrical terminal 36 and abutting the opposite face of radial flange 38. The end of the shell 12 is crimped over to form aperipheral lip 46. Theinsulator member 44, axialelectrical terminal 36 andheater member 20 are then locked tightly inside of shell 12 by a hot press operation which heats, then cools and undercutgroove 95 while a compressive force is applied betweenperipheral lip 46 and the opposing end 96 of an externalhexagonal portion 50. The shell 12 further includes an externally threadedportion 48 for amounting theglow plug 10 in the engine. The externalhexagonal portion 50 facilitates threading the glow plug into an appropriate threaded aperture of the engine. - One advantage of the glow plug shown in FIGURE 1 is that the electrical connections between the surface
film heater element 24, the shell 12, and the axialelectrical terminal 36 are made internal to the shell 12 where they are protected from the high temperatures and corrosive atmosphere inside of the engine. This configuration eliminates the electrical terminal corrosion problems encountered with the prior designs. - The details of the
heater member 20 are illustrated in FIGURE 2. Referring to FIGURE 2, theheater member 20, as previously described, has a generallycylindrical substrate 22 having aninternal bore 26, aninternal portion 28, a smaller diameterexternal portion 30, and asloped shoulder 34 connecting the external surfaces of theinternal portion 28 andexternal portion 30. The edges atend face 52 of thesubstrate 22 are ground to form radii blending theend face 52 with the contiguous internal surface ofbore 26 with 'the external surface of the substrate or may be ground to form a full radius as shown. In a similar manner aground radius 54 is formed at the base of the substrate blending theend face 42 with the internal surface ofbore 26. - A highly
conductive metal film 56 is circumferentially coated on the surface ofshoulder 34 and a predetermined distance along the external surface of theexternal portion 30 of the substrate leaving a firstuncoated portion 60 adjacent toend face 42 and a seconduncoated portion 64 adjacent toend face 52. A similar highlyconductive metal film 58, is coated on the internal surface ofcylindrical substrate 22 and extends aroundradius 54 ontoend face 42 as shown. The metal film on theend face 42 has a diameter smaller than the diameter of theinternal portion 28 leaving an uncoatedperipheral portion 62. The highlyconductive metal films - A resistive metal surface
film heater element 24, having a resistance greater than 0.2 ohms is deposited on theuncoated portion 64 of the substrate and onend face 52. Preferably the resistance ofheater element 24 is between 0.4 and 0.6 ohms.Heater element 24 and theconductive metal films heater element 24 is of the platinum family consisting of platinum, rhodium, palladium, iridium and alloys thereof. Alloys having higher melting temperatures, such as alloys containing tungsten and at least one transition metal may be used to increase the operating temperature of the glow plug. - The primary advantage of the cylindrical configuration of the heater member is that the
bore 26 form a high temperature cul-de-sac adjacent to its open end which is isolated from the cooling effects of the swirling air/ fuel mixture in the engine's ignition chamber. The air/fuel mixture entering the high temperature cul-de-sac formed bybore 26 is more readily ignited than the air/fuel mixture impringing on the external surfaces of the heater member enhancing the ignition efficiency of the glow plug. - In the assembly of the glow plug one end of the
heater element 24 is in electrical contact with the shell 12 throughsurface film 56 onshoulder 34 and electricallyconductive gasket 32 while other end of heater element is in electrical contact with axialelectrical terminal 36 throughsurface film 58 on the internal surface ofbore 26 and radial flange 38 abutting the extention ofsurface film 58 onto theend face 42. - In an alternate embodiment of the
heater member 20 shown in FIGURE 3, thebore 26 of thesubstrate 22 is tapered outwardly atend 52 to enhance the depth at which theheater element 24 may be coated intobore 26. This permits theheater element 24 to wrap aroundend face 52 and extend a short distance intobore 26 as shown. This further enhances the formation of the high temperature cul-de-sac as previously described. - In contrast to the arrangement shown on Figures 2 and 3 the
heater element 24 may be coated on the internal surface of the ceramic substrate defined bybore 26 as shown on Figure 4. In this configuration theconductive metal film 56 extends along the external surface of the substrate adjacent to endface 52. Theconductive metal film 58 extends along the internal surface of the substrate and onto end face 42 as in the prior embodiments. This configuration further enhances the high temperature cul-de-sac formed in thebore 26 of ceramic substrate adjacent to theexternal end face 52. - Because the
heater element 24 is located adjacent to the tip of the glow plug, it is no longer required for the glow plug to protrude fully into the ignition chamber of the engine. Referring to FIGURE 5 there is illustrated atypical swirl chamber 68 of a diesel type engine having an aperture 70 communicating with the corresponding engine cylinder. As is known in the art, air is pumped in and out of theswirl chamber 68 with the reciprocation of the cylinder's piston as indicated by dashed double headedarrrow 72. Fuel from aFuel Injector 74 is injected into the swirl chamber where it is mixed with the swirling air to form a combustible air/fuel mixture. Because theheater element 24 of theimproved glow plug 10 is formed at the tip of thesubstrate 22, only the tip of the glow plug need to protrude into theswirl chamber 68 as shown. In this way theglow plug 10 produces minimal interference with the swirling air pattern inside ofchamber 68. In fact, tests conducted to date indicate efficient ignition of the air fuel mixture can be obtained with the glow plug mounted in the glow plug well 76 with the tip disposed flush with the internal walls of theswirl chamber 68. - The advantages of the improved glow plug are as follows:
- 1. The low mass of the surface
film heater element 24 permits the glow plug to reach an operational temperature above 800°C in less than 5 seconds. - 2. The watt density of the surface
film heater element 24 exceeds that of bulk material giving rise to current requirements averaging in the range from 3 to 7 amps at operating temperatures. - 3. The transition
metal heater element 24 exhibits catalytic action enhancing the ignition of the air/fuel mixture at lower temperatures. - 4. The internal surface of the
heater member 20 adjacent toexternal end face 52 remains at the ignition temperature of the air/fuel mixture regardless of the cooling from fuel or air in the ignition chamber. - 5. Because the
heater element 24 is located at the tip of the glow plug, only the tip of the glow plug needs to protrude into the ignition chamber producing only minimum interference with the ignition chamber's fluid flow pattern. - 6. The electrical contacts to the
conductive surface films - 7. The components of the glow plug are applicable to standard spark plug manufacturing techniques and therefore are potentially less costly than glow plugs using spiral wound wire heaters.
- It is recognized that the configuration of the various elements of the glow plug may be changed from those shown on the drawings without departing from the spirit of the invention as described herein and set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US50725483A | 1983-06-23 | 1983-06-23 | |
US507254 | 1983-06-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0129676A1 true EP0129676A1 (en) | 1985-01-02 |
EP0129676B1 EP0129676B1 (en) | 1987-07-08 |
Family
ID=24017878
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84104882A Expired EP0129676B1 (en) | 1983-06-23 | 1984-05-02 | An improved glow plug having a resistive surface film heater |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0129676B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6017632A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2795084A (en) |
BR (1) | BR8402891A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1230937A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3464660D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES533650A0 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0191347A2 (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1986-08-20 | AlliedSignal Inc. | An electronic controller for predetermined temperature coefficient heater |
EP0194535A2 (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-09-17 | Allied Corporation | Glow plug having a metallic silicide resistive film heater |
DE3607888A1 (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-10-02 | Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED GLOW PLUG |
EP0244619A1 (en) * | 1986-04-26 | 1987-11-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Apparatus for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal-combustion engine |
US4816643A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1989-03-28 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Glow plug having a metal silicide resistive film heater |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6361662U (en) * | 1986-10-09 | 1988-04-23 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1194201B (en) * | 1961-10-25 | 1965-06-03 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Glow plug for internal combustion engines |
DE2900984A1 (en) * | 1979-01-12 | 1980-07-17 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | GLOW PLUG FOR DIESEL ENGINES |
GB2092670A (en) * | 1981-02-07 | 1982-08-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Glow plug for internal combustion engines |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS55125363A (en) * | 1979-03-20 | 1980-09-27 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Self-heating ignitor |
-
1984
- 1984-05-02 EP EP84104882A patent/EP0129676B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-02 DE DE8484104882T patent/DE3464660D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-11 AU AU27950/84A patent/AU2795084A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1984-06-08 CA CA000456162A patent/CA1230937A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-06-13 BR BR8402891A patent/BR8402891A/en unknown
- 1984-06-22 ES ES533650A patent/ES533650A0/en active Granted
- 1984-06-22 JP JP12772684A patent/JPS6017632A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1194201B (en) * | 1961-10-25 | 1965-06-03 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Glow plug for internal combustion engines |
DE2900984A1 (en) * | 1979-01-12 | 1980-07-17 | Heraeus Gmbh W C | GLOW PLUG FOR DIESEL ENGINES |
GB2092670A (en) * | 1981-02-07 | 1982-08-18 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Glow plug for internal combustion engines |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0191347A2 (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1986-08-20 | AlliedSignal Inc. | An electronic controller for predetermined temperature coefficient heater |
EP0191347A3 (en) * | 1985-02-15 | 1987-04-01 | AlliedSignal Inc. | An electronic controller for predetermined temperature coefficient heater |
EP0194535A2 (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-09-17 | Allied Corporation | Glow plug having a metallic silicide resistive film heater |
EP0194535A3 (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1988-01-07 | Allied Corporation | Glow plug having a metallic silicide resistive film heater |
US4816643A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1989-03-28 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Glow plug having a metal silicide resistive film heater |
DE3607888A1 (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-10-02 | Jidosha Kiki Co., Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED GLOW PLUG |
EP0244619A1 (en) * | 1986-04-26 | 1987-11-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Apparatus for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal-combustion engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS6017632A (en) | 1985-01-29 |
ES8601581A1 (en) | 1985-10-16 |
AU2795084A (en) | 1985-01-03 |
CA1230937A (en) | 1987-12-29 |
BR8402891A (en) | 1985-05-21 |
ES533650A0 (en) | 1985-10-16 |
DE3464660D1 (en) | 1987-08-13 |
EP0129676B1 (en) | 1987-07-08 |
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