EP0129004B1 - Compressor unit - Google Patents

Compressor unit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0129004B1
EP0129004B1 EP84103237A EP84103237A EP0129004B1 EP 0129004 B1 EP0129004 B1 EP 0129004B1 EP 84103237 A EP84103237 A EP 84103237A EP 84103237 A EP84103237 A EP 84103237A EP 0129004 B1 EP0129004 B1 EP 0129004B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
pressure
volume
valve
compressed air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84103237A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0129004A1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Dipl.-Ing. Hofmann
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ISARTALER SCHRAUBENKOMPRESSOREN GmbH
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ISARTALER SCHRAUBENKOMPRESSOREN GmbH
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Publication of EP0129004A1 publication Critical patent/EP0129004A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/06—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids specially adapted for stopping, starting, idling or no-load operation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a compressor system with a compressor, in particular a screw compressor, with oil injection into the compression chamber for lubrication and cooling and an oil separating and collecting container connected downstream of the compressor.
  • Such a compressor system with a vane compressor is known from GB-A 2 020 362.
  • the compressed air mixed with oil which emerges from the compressor, flows through an oil separating and collecting container and then reaches a downstream oil separating chamber in which an oil separating cartridge is arranged.
  • a pressure line leads from the oil separator chamber to the consumer, in which a non-return valve and an automatic separator for condensed water and any oil still present are provided, condensed water and oil being automatically removed from the separator when a predetermined level is reached.
  • Transportable compressor systems such as those used to supply compressed air consumers, for example on construction sites, have no storage volume for the compressed air because they should be small and light. Rather, only the hose length between the consumer, for example a jackhammer, and the compressor system is available as a storage volume. If the compressor were switched to relieved idle when the consumer was switched off, for example when a pneumatic hammer was stopped, then compressed air would not be immediately available when the pneumatic hammer was switched on again, because the oil separator and collecting container is vented when the idle is relieved and nothing else Storage volume for compressed air is available. The consumer would have to wait until the compressor delivers sufficient compressed air again.
  • the unloaded idle of the compressor which also accounts for a significant proportion of the total running time, for example about half of the total running time, wastes considerable drive energy, be it electrical drive energy or diesel fuel in diesel-powered systems.
  • This disadvantage could be remedied by a correspondingly large compressed air boiler, which stores sufficient compressed air when the consumer is switched off, which is immediately available when the consumer is switched on again and is sufficient until the compressor has switched from idling to load and supplies sufficient compressed air again.
  • a compressed air boiler is voluminous and heavy and stands in the way of a lightweight and small compressor system.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a compressor system of the type specified in such a way that it can be switched to the relieved idle when the consumer is switched off and when the consumer is switched on again without additional compressed air boiler, sufficient compressed air is available which meets the requirements until the compressed air supplies are reinstated covered by the compressor.
  • the compressor Due to the specified distribution of the already existing oil separating and collecting container, the compressor can be relieved to zero by venting the one part of the container while idling, while the other part of the container, which is still under pressure, creates a compressed air reservoir, which above all serves as a control volume for switching the Compressor can be used from the unloaded idle to load. In this way, it is possible to reduce the drive energy of the compressor, which is 70% of the drive energy customarily used during operation, to 20% of the unloaded idle. Taking into account the length of the idle time, this results in a considerable saving in drive energy or fuel.
  • Fig. 1 denotes a screw compressor, in the intake line 2 of which a volume flow controller 4 is continuously adjustable by a control cylinder 3 is arranged. 5 with an intake air filter is designated.
  • the screw compressor 1 supplies compressed air mixed with oil via line 6 into a first volume or an oil separating and collecting container 7, in which the main amount of oil separates from the compressed air by impact or deflection and is collected.
  • This first volume 7 is followed by a second volume 9 via a check valve 8, in which a separating cartridge 10 is arranged.
  • a compressed air extraction line 11 leads to one or more consumers 12.
  • a 13 denotes a minimum pressure valve in the compressed air extraction line 11, whose spring-loaded valve body 14 shuts off the extraction line when the consumer 12 is switched off and moves into the open position when the consumer , for example a jackhammer, is switched on again.
  • a bore 15 is provided in the minimum pressure valve 13, through which the final pressure built up by the compressor 1 is removed.
  • These Bore 15 is connected via a line 16 to a known proportional pressure regulator 17, which acts on the piston of the regulating cylinder 3 on the spring-loaded side with compressed air such that the volume flow regulator 4 is continuously adjusted in accordance with the compressed air requirement.
  • a line 18 Via a line 18, the final pressure is applied to a solenoid valve 19 which is adjusted by a spring 20 when it is switched off.
  • the final pressure of the compressor is applied via a line 21 to a control valve 22, which is switched over by a spring 23 when the pressure in the line 21 drops below a certain value.
  • a vent line 24 leading away from the volume or container 7 is shut off, while an oil suction line 25 leading away from the container 9 is connected to the suction area of the compressor 1 via a check valve.
  • the ventilation line 24 is connected to a line 27 which opens into the intake line 2 upstream of the volume flow regulator 4.
  • the oil suction line 25 is shut off at 40 in this switch position.
  • the final pressure supplied by line 18 is applied via solenoid valve 19, further via line 29 provided with a throttle 28, to a pressure switch 30 which is connected to line 31 between proportional pressure regulator 17 and control cylinder 3.
  • a line 32 branching off from the suction line 2 behind the volume flow regulator 4 is connected via a line 33 to the control cylinder 3 in such a way that the pressure of the suction line 2 acts on the piston on the side opposite the spring.
  • the lines 21, 29 are vented at 34, while the line 33 leading to the control cylinder 3 is connected to the line 18 in which the final pressure of the compressor is present.
  • An oil main line 35 leads from the oil reservoir in the container 7 to the suction area of the compressor 1. Further components, such as flow regulators, oil coolers, drive motors and the like, which are present in a compressor system of this type, are not shown, since they are used to explain the invention are not required.
  • the electrical circuit of the solenoid valve 19 is not shown to simplify the illustration, it is clear from the following description of the functional sequence.
  • the solenoid valve 19 is electrically connected to the pressure switch 30 and to a transmitter 36 which scans the position of the valve body 14 on the minimum pressure valve 13.
  • the compressor system works as follows. Are located in the illustrated switching position, the valves 19 and 22 in the Anfahrentlastun g sstel- lung.
  • the volume flow controller 4 is closed by the spring in the control cylinder 3.
  • the screw compressor 1 is driven, whereupon the solenoid valve 19 is switched from the position shown after a predetermined time, the left side of the piston in the control cylinder 3 being vented and the other side with the building up Pressure is applied in the compressed air extraction line 11 so that the volume flow controller 4 can be moved into the open position.
  • the piston in the control cylinder is continuously adjusted in accordance with the characteristic curve of the proportional pressure regulator 17.
  • the control valve 22 remains in the switch position shown, in which the remaining oil still separated in the second separating tank 9 is sucked off via the lines 25, 26 and oil is injected via the main oil line 35 from the first separating tank 7 into the screw compressor 1, which is under the pressure supplied by the compressor.
  • the minimum pressure valve 13 equipped with a check function closes the compressed air extraction line 11.
  • a minimum pressure valve is described in GM 80 50 773.
  • the final pressure built up by the compressor 1 in the extraction line rises and is supplied via the proportional pressure regulator 17, which acts as a pressure booster, to the pressure switch 30, which responds with a predetermined time delay and switches the solenoid valve 19 into the position shown.
  • the control cylinder is connected to the intake line 2 on the right-hand side of the piston, so that the volume flow controller is moved into the closed position by the force of the spring and the applied final pressure.
  • the increased final pressure of the compressor is applied to the control valve 22 via the lines 18, 21, which is switched over so that the first separating tank 7 is vented via the line 27 and the oil suction line 25 coming from the second separating tank 9 is shut off.
  • the screw compressor 1 is thus completely relieved, it only works against the zero pressure level in the first separating container 7, only the rotors of the screw compressor 1 being rotated by the drive motor with a drive power of approximately 20%.
  • the second volume 9 is encapsulated by the check valve 8 and the shut-off minimum pressure valve 13 and can thus serve as a compressed air reservoir.
  • the line 29 is connected to the line 18, the final pressure at the pressure switch 30 which can hold the pressure switch 30 stable in the switching position can be built up via the throttle 28.
  • the time-delayed response of the pressure switch 30 ensures that the compressor 1 is not switched to the unloaded idle in the event of brief interruptions in the compressed air extraction by the consumer 12.
  • a switch (not shown) can be provided, which disconnects the automatic switchover to the idle state, so that even when the Un interruption of the compressed air extraction the compressor can run in unloaded idle.
  • the electrical circuit is designed such that the transmitter 36 is ineffective as long as there is no signal from the pressure switch 30 for the switching of the solenoid valve 19 into the switching position shown for the relieved idling. However, as soon as this signal is present and the solenoid valve 19 is switched, the transmitter 36 is given priority, so that when the valve body 14 moves into the open position, a signal generated by the transmitter 36 immediately switches the solenoid valve 19 back without a further signal from the pressure switch 30 .
  • the valve body 14 of the minimum pressure valve 13 with a check function is first moved into the open position, the transmitter 36 emitting a signal for switching the solenoid valve 19.
  • the line 21 is vented via 34, so that the control valve 22 is switched back into the switching position shown by the spring 23.
  • the pressure of the pressure accumulator 9 comes into contact with the control cylinder 3 via the lines 18, 33, as a result of which the volume flow regulator 4 is moved into the open position.
  • the screw compressor 1 thus switched over to load delivers compressed air into the second container 9 via the first separating container 7 before the pressure in this pressure accumulator has dropped significantly due to the renewed removal of the consumer 12.
  • the compressed air reservoir 9 also serves as a control volume for switching the control valve 22 and for acting on the control cylinder 3.
  • FIG. 2 shows a different container division, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 being used for the same or corresponding components.
  • the second volume 9 serving as a pressure accumulator is arranged within the first separating and collecting container 7, the check valve 8 being installed in the container 9.
  • a vertical partition 37 is arranged in the container 7, which ends at a distance from the upper container wall. The air entering through the line 6, mixed with oil, flows after separating the oil in the container 7 over the upper edge of this partition 37 and passes through the check valve 8 into the separating cartridge 10. At the mouth of the extraction line 11, clean air emerges.
  • the lines 24, 25 and 35 already described in connection with FIG. 1 are also connected to the two containers. In unloaded idling, there is, for example, a pressure of 0 bar in container 7 and 7 bar in container 9.
  • the containers built into each other can also be arranged vertically.
  • a manually adjustable proportional pressure regulator 17 is provided, by means of which the pressure can be set at which the pressure switch 30 responds.
  • the pressure switch 30 can remain set to a fixed value.
  • the proportional pressure regulator 17 has a structure which is known per se, each change in the pressure at the inlet causing an increased change in the pressure at the outlet of the regulator.
  • the arrangement of the container division described in FIG. 2 is also particularly suitable for a compact design of a compressor, as described in DE-OS 2 938 557.
  • the transmitter 36 can be a contactless transmitter or a limit switch acted upon by the valve body.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verdichteranlage mit einem Verdichter, inbesondere einem Schraubenverdichter, mit Öleinspritzung in den Verdichtungsraum zur Schmierung und Kühlung und einem dem Verdichter nachgeschalteten Ölabscheide- und Sammelbehälter.The invention relates to a compressor system with a compressor, in particular a screw compressor, with oil injection into the compression chamber for lubrication and cooling and an oil separating and collecting container connected downstream of the compressor.

Aus der GB-A 2 020 362 ist eine solche Verdichteranlage mit einem Lamellenverdichter bekannt. Die mit Öl vermischte Druckluft, die aus dem Verdichter austritt, durchströmt einen Ölabscheide-und Sammelbehälter und gelangt danach in einen nachgeschalteten Ölabscheideraum, in dem eine Ölabscheidepatrone angeordnet ist. Von dem Ölabscheidraum führt eine Druckleitung zum Verbraucher, in der ein Rückschlagventil und ein automatischer Abscheider für Kondenswasser und eventuell noch vorhandenes Öl vorgesehen ist, wobei Kondenswasser umd Öl bei Erreichen eines vorbestimmten Niveaus automatisch aus dem Abscheider abgeführt werden.Such a compressor system with a vane compressor is known from GB-A 2 020 362. The compressed air mixed with oil, which emerges from the compressor, flows through an oil separating and collecting container and then reaches a downstream oil separating chamber in which an oil separating cartridge is arranged. A pressure line leads from the oil separator chamber to the consumer, in which a non-return valve and an automatic separator for condensed water and any oil still present are provided, condensed water and oil being automatically removed from the separator when a predetermined level is reached.

Transportable Verdichteranlagen, wie sie zur Versorgung von Druckluftverbrauchern beispielsweise auf Baustellen eingesetzt werden, haben, da sie klein und leicht sein sollen, kein Speichervolumen für die Druckluft. Vielmehr steht nur die Schlauchlänge zwischen Verbraucher, beispielsweise einem Presslufthammer, und der Verdichteranlage als Speichervolumen zur Verfügung. Würde man beim Abschalten des Verbrauchers, beispielsweise beim Stillsetzen eines Presslufthammers, den Verdichter zur Einsparung von Antriebsenergie in den entlasteten Leerlauf schalten, so stünde beim Wiedereinschalten des Presslufthammers nicht sofort Druckluft zur Verfügung, weil der Ölabscheide- und Sammelbehälter bei entlastetem Leerlauf entlüftet und sonst kein Speichervolumen für Druckluft vorhanden ist. Der Verbraucher müsste warten, bis der Verdichter wieder ausreichend Druckluft liefert. Dies ist aber beispielsweise bei dem intermittierenden Betrieb eines Presslufthammers nicht tragbar, weswegen derartige Verdichteranlagen auf Baustellen in der Regel dauernd, auch während Arbeitspausen, im nicht entlasteten Leerlauf laufen, der gewährleistet, dass beim Wiedereinschalten des Presslufthammers sofort ausreichend Druckluft zur Verfügung steht, so dass die Arbeit ohne Wartezeit aufgenommen werden kann.Transportable compressor systems, such as those used to supply compressed air consumers, for example on construction sites, have no storage volume for the compressed air because they should be small and light. Rather, only the hose length between the consumer, for example a jackhammer, and the compressor system is available as a storage volume. If the compressor were switched to relieved idle when the consumer was switched off, for example when a pneumatic hammer was stopped, then compressed air would not be immediately available when the pneumatic hammer was switched on again, because the oil separator and collecting container is vented when the idle is relieved and nothing else Storage volume for compressed air is available. The consumer would have to wait until the compressor delivers sufficient compressed air again. However, this is not feasible, for example, in the intermittent operation of a jackhammer, which is why such compressor systems on construction sites usually run continuously, even during breaks in idle, which ensures that sufficient compressed air is immediately available when the jackhammer is switched on again, so that the work can be started without waiting.

Durch den nicht entlasteten Leerlauf des Verdichters, der überdies einen wesentlichen Anteil der Gesamtlaufzeit ausmacht, beispielsweise etwa die Hälfte der Gesamtlaufzeit, wird beträchtliche Antriebsenergie verschwendet, sei es elektrische Antriebsenergie oder Dieselkraftstoff bei dieselgetriebenen Anlagen. Man könnte diesen Nachteil durch einen entsprechend grossen Druckluftkessel beheben, der beim Abschalten des Verbrauchers ausreichend Druckluft speichert, die beim Wiedereinschalten des Verbrauchers sofort zur Verfügung steht und solange ausreicht, bis der Verdichter aus dem entlasteten Leerlauf auf Last umgeschaltet ist und wieder ausreichend Druckluft nachliefert. Ein derartiger Druckluftkessel ist aber voluminös und schwer und steht der Forderung nach einer leichten und kleinen Verdichteranlage entgegen.The unloaded idle of the compressor, which also accounts for a significant proportion of the total running time, for example about half of the total running time, wastes considerable drive energy, be it electrical drive energy or diesel fuel in diesel-powered systems. This disadvantage could be remedied by a correspondingly large compressed air boiler, which stores sufficient compressed air when the consumer is switched off, which is immediately available when the consumer is switched on again and is sufficient until the compressor has switched from idling to load and supplies sufficient compressed air again. Such a compressed air boiler is voluminous and heavy and stands in the way of a lightweight and small compressor system.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Verdichteranlage der eingangs angegebenen Art so auszubilden, dass diese bei abgeschaltetem Verbraucher in den entlasteten Leerlauf geschaltet werden kann und beim Wiedereinschalten des Verbrauchers ohne zusätzlichen Druckluftkessel ausreichend Druckluft zur Verfügung steht, die den Bedarf bis zum Wiedereinsetzen der Druckluftlieferungen durch den Verdichter deckt.The invention has for its object to provide a compressor system of the type specified in such a way that it can be switched to the relieved idle when the consumer is switched off and when the consumer is switched on again without additional compressed air boiler, sufficient compressed air is available which meets the requirements until the compressed air supplies are reinstated covered by the compressor.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Durch die angegebene Aufteilung des ohnehin vorhandenen Ölabscheide- und Sammelbehälters kann durch Entlüftung des einen Behälterteiles der Verdichter im Leerlauf auf Null entlastet werden, während durch den weiterhin unter Druck stehenden anderen Behälterteil ein Druckluftspeicher geschaffen wird, der vor allem auch als Steuervolumen für die Umschaltung des Verdichters aus dem entlasteten Leerlauf auf Last verwendet werden kann. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die Antriebsenergie des Verdichters, die im nicht entlasteten Leerlauf 70% der während des Betriebs üblichen Antriebsenergie beträgt, auf 20% im entlasteten Leerlauf zu verringern. Berücksichtigt man die Länge der Leerlaufzeit, so ergibt dies eine erhebliche Einsparung an Antriebsenergie bzw. Kraftstoff.This object is achieved by the features in the characterizing part of claim 1. Due to the specified distribution of the already existing oil separating and collecting container, the compressor can be relieved to zero by venting the one part of the container while idling, while the other part of the container, which is still under pressure, creates a compressed air reservoir, which above all serves as a control volume for switching the Compressor can be used from the unloaded idle to load. In this way, it is possible to reduce the drive energy of the compressor, which is 70% of the drive energy customarily used during operation, to 20% of the unloaded idle. Taking into account the length of the idle time, this results in a considerable saving in drive energy or fuel.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den übrigen Ansprüchen angegeben.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

Beispielsweise Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 ein Schaltschema einer Verdichteranlage, und
  • Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer bevorzugten Behälterbauweise.
For example, embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a compressor system, and
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a preferred container construction.

In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 ein Schraubenverdichter bezeichnet, in dessen Ansaugleitung 2 eine durch einen Regelzylinder 3 kontinuierlich verstellbarer Volumenstromregler 4 angeordnet ist. Mit 5 ist ein Ansaugluftfilter bezeichnet. Der Schraubenverdichter 1 liefert mit Öl versetzte Druckluft über die Leitung 6 in ein erstes Volumen bzw. einen Ölabscheide- und Sammelbehälter 7, in welchem sich die Hauptmenge an Öl aus der Druckluft durch Prallwirkung bzw. Umlenkung abscheidet und gesammelt wird. Diesem ersten Volumen 7 ist über ein Rückschlagventil 8 ein zweites Volumen 9 nachgeschaltet, in welchem eine Abscheidepatrone 10 angeordnet ist. Von diesem zweiten Volumen oder Behälter 9 führt eine Druckluftentnahmeleitung 11 zu einem oder mehreren Verbrauchern 12. Mit 13 ist ein Mindestdruckventil in der Druckluftentnahmeleitung 11 bezeichnet, dessen federbelasteter Ventilkörper 14 bei abgeschaltetem Verbraucher 12 die Entnahmeleitung absperrt und sich in die Offenstellung bewegt, wenn der Verbraucher, beispielsweise ein Presslufthammer, wieder eingeschaltet wird.In Fig. 1, 1 denotes a screw compressor, in the intake line 2 of which a volume flow controller 4 is continuously adjustable by a control cylinder 3 is arranged. 5 with an intake air filter is designated. The screw compressor 1 supplies compressed air mixed with oil via line 6 into a first volume or an oil separating and collecting container 7, in which the main amount of oil separates from the compressed air by impact or deflection and is collected. This first volume 7 is followed by a second volume 9 via a check valve 8, in which a separating cartridge 10 is arranged. From this second volume or container 9, a compressed air extraction line 11 leads to one or more consumers 12. A 13 denotes a minimum pressure valve in the compressed air extraction line 11, whose spring-loaded valve body 14 shuts off the extraction line when the consumer 12 is switched off and moves into the open position when the consumer , for example a jackhammer, is switched on again.

In dem Mindestdruckventil 13 ist eine Bohrung 15 vorgesehen, durch welche der vom Verdichter 1 aufgebaute Enddruck abgenommen wird. Diese Bohrung 15 ist über eine Leitung 16 mit einem an sich bekannten Proportionaldruckregler 17 verbunden, der den Kolben des Regelzylinders 3 auf der federbelasteten Seite derart mit Druckluft beaufschlagt, dass der Volumenstromregler 4 entsprechend dem anfallenden Druckluftbedarf kontinuierlich verstellt wird. Über eine Leitung 18 liegt der Enddruck an einem Magnetventil 19 an, das durch eine Feder 20 verstellt wird, wenn es stromlos geschaltet ist.A bore 15 is provided in the minimum pressure valve 13, through which the final pressure built up by the compressor 1 is removed. These Bore 15 is connected via a line 16 to a known proportional pressure regulator 17, which acts on the piston of the regulating cylinder 3 on the spring-loaded side with compressed air such that the volume flow regulator 4 is continuously adjusted in accordance with the compressed air requirement. Via a line 18, the final pressure is applied to a solenoid valve 19 which is adjusted by a spring 20 when it is switched off.

In der dargestellten Schaltstellung des Magnetventils 19 liegt der Enddruck des Verdichters über eine Leitung 21 an einem Steuerventil 22 an, das durch eine Feder 23 umgeschaltet wird, wenn der Druck in der Leitung 21 unter einen bestimmten Wert absinkt. In der dargestellten Schaltstellung des Steuerventils 22 ist eine vom Volumen bzw. Behälter 7 wegführende Entlüftungsleitung 24 abgesperrt, während eine vom Behälter 9 wegführende Ölabsaugleitung 25 über ein Rückschlagventil mit dem Saugbereich des Verdichters 1 verbunden ist. In der anderen Schaltstellung des Steuerventils 22 wird die Entlüftungsleitung 24 mit einer Leitung 27 verbunden, die vor dem Volumenstromregler 4 in die Ansaugleitung 2 mündet. Die Öiabsaugieitung25 ist in dieser Schaltstellung bei 40 abgesperrt.In the switching position of the solenoid valve 19 shown, the final pressure of the compressor is applied via a line 21 to a control valve 22, which is switched over by a spring 23 when the pressure in the line 21 drops below a certain value. In the switching position of the control valve 22 shown, a vent line 24 leading away from the volume or container 7 is shut off, while an oil suction line 25 leading away from the container 9 is connected to the suction area of the compressor 1 via a check valve. In the other switching position of the control valve 22, the ventilation line 24 is connected to a line 27 which opens into the intake line 2 upstream of the volume flow regulator 4. The oil suction line 25 is shut off at 40 in this switch position.

Der von der Leitung 18 gelieferte Enddruck liegt über das Magnetventil 19, ferner über eine mit einer Drossel 28 versehenen Leitung 29 an einem Druckschalter 30 an, der mit der Leitung 31 zwischen Proportionaldruckregler 17 und Regelzylinder 3 verbunden ist. Dann wird in der dargestellten Schaltstellung des Magnetventils 19 eine von der Ansaugleitung 2 hinter dem Volumenstromregier 4 abzweigende Leitung 32 über eine Leitung 33 mit dem Regelzylinder 3 in der Weise verbunden, dass der Druck der Ansaugleitung 2 den Kolben auf der der Feder gegenüberliegenden Seite beaufschlagt. In der anderen Schaltstellung des Magnetventils 19 werden die Leitungen 21, 29 bei 34 entlüftet, während die zum Regelzylinder 3 führende Leitung 33 mit der Leitung 18 verbunden wird, in der der Enddruck des Verdichters anliegt.The final pressure supplied by line 18 is applied via solenoid valve 19, further via line 29 provided with a throttle 28, to a pressure switch 30 which is connected to line 31 between proportional pressure regulator 17 and control cylinder 3. Then, in the switching position of the solenoid valve 19 shown, a line 32 branching off from the suction line 2 behind the volume flow regulator 4 is connected via a line 33 to the control cylinder 3 in such a way that the pressure of the suction line 2 acts on the piston on the side opposite the spring. In the other switching position of the solenoid valve 19, the lines 21, 29 are vented at 34, while the line 33 leading to the control cylinder 3 is connected to the line 18 in which the final pressure of the compressor is present.

Von dem Ölreservoir im Behälter 7 führt eine Öl-Hauptleitung 35 zum Ansaugbereich des Verdichters 1. Weitere, bei einer Verdichteranlage dieser Art vorhandene Bauelemente, wie Durchflussregler, Ölkühler, Antriebsmotor u.dgl., sind nicht dargestellt, da sie für die Erläuterung der Erfindung nicht erforderlich sind. Die elektrische Schaltung des Magnetventils 19 ist zur Vereinfachung der Darstellung nicht wiedergegeben, sie wird aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung des Funktionsablaufs deutlich. Das Magnetventil 19 ist mit dem Druckschalter 30 elektrisch verbunden sowie mit einem Geber 36, der am Mindestdruckventil 13 die Stellung des Ventilkörpers 14 abtastet.An oil main line 35 leads from the oil reservoir in the container 7 to the suction area of the compressor 1. Further components, such as flow regulators, oil coolers, drive motors and the like, which are present in a compressor system of this type, are not shown, since they are used to explain the invention are not required. The electrical circuit of the solenoid valve 19 is not shown to simplify the illustration, it is clear from the following description of the functional sequence. The solenoid valve 19 is electrically connected to the pressure switch 30 and to a transmitter 36 which scans the position of the valve body 14 on the minimum pressure valve 13.

Die Verdichteranlage arbeitet wie folgt. In der dargestellten Schaltstellung befinden sich die Ventile 19 und 22 in der Anfahrentlastungsstel- lung. Der Volumenstromregler 4 ist durch die Feder im Regelzylinder 3 geschlossen. Durch Einschalten des nicht dargestellten Antriebsmotors, beispielsweise eines Dieselmotors, wird der Schraubenverdichter 1 angetrieben, worauf nach einer vorbestimmten Zeit das Magnetventil 19 aus der dargestellten Stellung umgeschaltet wird, wobei die linke Seite des Kolbens im Regelzylinder 3 entlüftet und die andere Seite mit dem sich aufbauenden Druck in der Druckluftentnahmeleitung 11 beaufschlagt wird, so dass der Volumenstromregler 4 in die Offenstellung bewegt werden kann. Bei Druckluftentnahme durch den Verbraucher wird der Kolben im Regelzylinder entsprechend der Kennlinie des Proportionaldruckreglers 17 kontinuierlich verstellt. Das Steuerventil 22 bleibt in der dargestellten Schaltstellung, in der das im zweiten Abscheidebehälter 9 noch abgeschiedene, restliche Öl über die Leitungen 25, 26 abgesaugt und über die Öl-Hauptleitung 35 Öl aus dem ersten Abscheidebehälter 7 in den Schraubenverdichter 1 eingespritzt wird, der unter dem vom Verdichter gelieferten Druck steht.The compressor system works as follows. Are located in the illustrated switching position, the valves 19 and 22 in the Anfahrentlastun g sstel- lung. The volume flow controller 4 is closed by the spring in the control cylinder 3. By turning on the drive motor, not shown, for example a diesel engine, the screw compressor 1 is driven, whereupon the solenoid valve 19 is switched from the position shown after a predetermined time, the left side of the piston in the control cylinder 3 being vented and the other side with the building up Pressure is applied in the compressed air extraction line 11 so that the volume flow controller 4 can be moved into the open position. When the consumer removes compressed air, the piston in the control cylinder is continuously adjusted in accordance with the characteristic curve of the proportional pressure regulator 17. The control valve 22 remains in the switch position shown, in which the remaining oil still separated in the second separating tank 9 is sucked off via the lines 25, 26 and oil is injected via the main oil line 35 from the first separating tank 7 into the screw compressor 1, which is under the pressure supplied by the compressor.

Wird der Verbraucher 12 abgeschaltet, so schliesst das mit einer Rückschlagfunktion ausgestattete Mindestdruckventil 13 die Druckluftentnahmeleitung 11 ab. Ein derartiges Mindestdruckventil ist in dem GM 80 50 773 beschrieben. Hierdurch steigt der vom Verdichter 1 aufgebaute Enddruck in der Entnahmeleitung an, wird über den als Druckverstärker wirkenden Proportionaldruckregler 17 an den Druckschalter 30 geliefert, der mit einer vorbestimmten Zeitverzögerung anspricht und das Magnetventil 19 in die dargestellte Stellung umschaltet. Hierdurch wird der Regelzylinder auf der rechten Kolbenseite mit der Ansaugleitung 2 verbunden, so dass durch die Kraft der Feder und dem anliegenden Enddruck der Volumenstromregler in die Schliessstellung bewegt wird. Ferner liegt über die Leitungen 18, 21 der erhöhte Enddruck des Verdichters am Steuerventil 22 an, das umgeschaltet wird, so dass der erste Abscheidebehälter 7 über die Leitung 27 entlüftet und die vom zweiten Abscheidebehälter 9 kommende Ölabsaugleitung 25 abgesperrt wird. Der Schraubenverdichter 1 ist damit vollständig entlastet, er arbeitet lediglich gegen das Null-Druckniveau im ersten Abscheidebehälter 7, wobei mit einer Antriebsleistung von etwa 20% lediglich die Rotoren des Schraubenverdichters 1 vom Antriebsmotor gedreht werden.If the consumer 12 is switched off, the minimum pressure valve 13 equipped with a check function closes the compressed air extraction line 11. Such a minimum pressure valve is described in GM 80 50 773. As a result, the final pressure built up by the compressor 1 in the extraction line rises and is supplied via the proportional pressure regulator 17, which acts as a pressure booster, to the pressure switch 30, which responds with a predetermined time delay and switches the solenoid valve 19 into the position shown. As a result, the control cylinder is connected to the intake line 2 on the right-hand side of the piston, so that the volume flow controller is moved into the closed position by the force of the spring and the applied final pressure. Furthermore, the increased final pressure of the compressor is applied to the control valve 22 via the lines 18, 21, which is switched over so that the first separating tank 7 is vented via the line 27 and the oil suction line 25 coming from the second separating tank 9 is shut off. The screw compressor 1 is thus completely relieved, it only works against the zero pressure level in the first separating container 7, only the rotors of the screw compressor 1 being rotated by the drive motor with a drive power of approximately 20%.

Durch das Rückschlagventil 8 und das abgesperrte Mindestdruckventil 13 ist das zweite Volumen 9 abgekapselt und kann somit als Druckluftspeicher dienen.The second volume 9 is encapsulated by the check valve 8 and the shut-off minimum pressure valve 13 and can thus serve as a compressed air reservoir.

Nach Umschaltung des Magnetventils 19 wird die Leitung 29 mit der Leitung 18 verbunden, wobei sich über die Drossel 28 der Enddruck am Druckschalter 30 aufbauen kann, der den Druckschalter 30 stabil in der Schaltstellung hält. Das zeitverzögerte Ansprechen des Druckschalters 30 gewährleistet, dass der Verdichter 1 bei kurzzeitigen Unterbrechungen der Druckluftentnahme durch den Verbraucher 12 nicht in den entlasteten Leerlauf geschaltet wird. Zudem kann ein nicht dargestellter Schalter vorgesehen werden, der die automatische Umschaltung in den entlasteten Leerlauf abtrennt, so dass auch bei längerer Unterbrechung der Druckluftentnahme der Verdichter im entlasteten Leerlauf laufen kann.After the solenoid valve 19 has been switched over, the line 29 is connected to the line 18, the final pressure at the pressure switch 30 which can hold the pressure switch 30 stable in the switching position can be built up via the throttle 28. The time-delayed response of the pressure switch 30 ensures that the compressor 1 is not switched to the unloaded idle in the event of brief interruptions in the compressed air extraction by the consumer 12. In addition, a switch (not shown) can be provided, which disconnects the automatic switchover to the idle state, so that even when the Un interruption of the compressed air extraction the compressor can run in unloaded idle.

Die nicht dargestellte elektrische Schaltung ist so ausgelegt, dass der Geber 36 wirkungslos ist, solange vom Druckschalter 30 kein Signal für die Umschaltung des Magnetventils 19 in die dargestellte Schaltstellung für den entlasteten Leerlauf vorliegt. Sobald aber dieses Signal vorliegt und das Magnetventil 19 umgeschaltet ist, erhält der Geber 36 Priorität, so dass bei einer Bewegung des Ventilkörpers 14 in die Offenstellung ein vom Geber 36 erzeugtes Signal sofort das Magnetventil 19 zurückschaltet, ohne dass ein weiteres Signal vom Druckschalter 30 vorliegt.The electrical circuit, not shown, is designed such that the transmitter 36 is ineffective as long as there is no signal from the pressure switch 30 for the switching of the solenoid valve 19 into the switching position shown for the relieved idling. However, as soon as this signal is present and the solenoid valve 19 is switched, the transmitter 36 is given priority, so that when the valve body 14 moves into the open position, a signal generated by the transmitter 36 immediately switches the solenoid valve 19 back without a further signal from the pressure switch 30 .

Wird bei Wiedereinschalten des Verbrauchers 12 Druckluft entnommen, so wird zunächst der Ventilkörper 14 des Mindestdruckventils 13 mit Rückschlagfunktion in die Offenstellung bewegt, wobei der Geber 36 ein Signal zum Umschalten des Magnetventils 19 abgibt. Hierdurch wird die Leitung 21 über 34 entlüftet, so dass das Steuerventil 22 durch die Feder 23 in die dargestellte Schaltstellung zurückgeschaltet wird. Gleichzeitig kommt über die Leitungen 18, 33 der Druck des Druckspeichers 9 am Regelzylinder 3 zum Anliegen, wodurch der Volumenstromregier 4 in die Offenstellung bewegt wird. Der somit auf Last umgeschaltete Schraubenverdichter 1 liefert über den ersten Abscheidebehälter 7 Druckluft in den zweiten Behälter 9, bevor der Druck in diesem Druckspeicher durch die erneute Entnahme des Verbrauchers 12 wesentlich abgesunken ist. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass bei Wiedereinschalten des Verbrauchers nicht nur sofort Druckluft aus dem Druckspeicher 9 zur Verfügung steht, sondern auch ausreichend Druckluft sofort nachgeliefert wird, so dass der Verbrauch kontinuierlich fortgesetzt werden kann, ohne dass an dem am Verbraucher angeschlossenen Gerät, beispielsweise einem Presslufthammer, ein Nachlassen der Leistung erkennbar ist. Hierbei dient der Druckluftspeicher 9 auch als Steuervolumen für die Umschaltung des Steuerventils 22 und für die Beaufschlagung des Regelzylinders 3.If compressed air is withdrawn when the consumer is switched on again, the valve body 14 of the minimum pressure valve 13 with a check function is first moved into the open position, the transmitter 36 emitting a signal for switching the solenoid valve 19. As a result, the line 21 is vented via 34, so that the control valve 22 is switched back into the switching position shown by the spring 23. At the same time, the pressure of the pressure accumulator 9 comes into contact with the control cylinder 3 via the lines 18, 33, as a result of which the volume flow regulator 4 is moved into the open position. The screw compressor 1 thus switched over to load delivers compressed air into the second container 9 via the first separating container 7 before the pressure in this pressure accumulator has dropped significantly due to the renewed removal of the consumer 12. It is thereby achieved that when the consumer is switched on again, not only is compressed air immediately available from the pressure accumulator 9, but also sufficient compressed air is immediately supplied so that consumption can be continued continuously without the device connected to the consumer, for example a jackhammer , a decline in performance is noticeable. Here, the compressed air reservoir 9 also serves as a control volume for switching the control valve 22 and for acting on the control cylinder 3.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine andere Behälteraufteilung, wobei für gleiche bzw. entsprechende Bauteile die gleichen Bezugszeichen wie in Fig. 1 verwendet sind. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung ist das als Druckspeicher dienende zweite Volumen 9 innerhalb des ersten Abscheide- und Sammelbehälters 7 angeordnet, wobei das Rückschlagventil 8 in dem Behälter 9 eingebaut ist. Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel mit horizontaler Anordnung der beiden Behälter ist eine vertikale Trennwand 37 im Behälter 7 angeordnet, die in einem Abstand von der oberen Behälterwand endet. Die durch die Leitung 6 eintretende, mit Öl vermischte Luft strömt nach Abscheidung des Öls im Behälter 7 über die Oberkante dieser Trennwand 37 und gelangt durch das Rückschlagventil 8 in die Abscheidepatrone 10. An der Mündung der Entnahmeleitung 11 tritt reine Luft aus. An den beiden Behältern sind ferner die im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 1 bereits beschriebenen Leitungen 24, 25 und 35 angeschlossen. Im entlasteten Leerlauf herrscht im Behälter 7 beispielsweise ein Druck von 0 bar und im Behälter 9 von 7 bar. Die ineinander gebauten Behälter können ebenso vertikal angeordnet werden.FIG. 2 shows a different container division, the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 being used for the same or corresponding components. In this embodiment, the second volume 9 serving as a pressure accumulator is arranged within the first separating and collecting container 7, the check valve 8 being installed in the container 9. In the illustrated embodiment with a horizontal arrangement of the two containers, a vertical partition 37 is arranged in the container 7, which ends at a distance from the upper container wall. The air entering through the line 6, mixed with oil, flows after separating the oil in the container 7 over the upper edge of this partition 37 and passes through the check valve 8 into the separating cartridge 10. At the mouth of the extraction line 11, clean air emerges. The lines 24, 25 and 35 already described in connection with FIG. 1 are also connected to the two containers. In unloaded idling, there is, for example, a pressure of 0 bar in container 7 and 7 bar in container 9. The containers built into each other can also be arranged vertically.

Bei der Anordnung nach Fig. 1 ist ein von Hand verstellbarer Proportionaldruckregler 17 vorgesehen, mittels dem der Druck eingestellt werden kann, bei dem der Druckschalter 30 anspricht. Der Druckschalter 30 kann dabei auf einen festen Wert eingestellt bleiben. Der Proportionaldruckregler 17 hat einen an sich bekannten Aufbau, wobei jede Änderung des Druckes am Eingang eine verstärkte Änderung des Druckes am Ausgang des Reglers bewirkt.In the arrangement according to FIG. 1, a manually adjustable proportional pressure regulator 17 is provided, by means of which the pressure can be set at which the pressure switch 30 responds. The pressure switch 30 can remain set to a fixed value. The proportional pressure regulator 17 has a structure which is known per se, each change in the pressure at the inlet causing an increased change in the pressure at the outlet of the regulator.

Die in Fig. 2 beschriebene Anordnung der Behälteraufteilung ist insbesondere auch für eine Kompaktbauweise eines Verdichters geeignet, wie sie in der DE-OS 2 938 557 beschrieben ist.The arrangement of the container division described in FIG. 2 is also particularly suitable for a compact design of a compressor, as described in DE-OS 2 938 557.

Der Geber 36 kann ein berührungsloser Geber oder ein vom Ventilkörper beaufschlagter Endschalter sein.The transmitter 36 can be a contactless transmitter or a limit switch acted upon by the valve body.

Claims (6)

1. Compressor unit having a compressor (1), more particularly a screw compressor, with oil injection into the compression chamber for lubrication and cooling, an oil separating and collecting container provided downstream of the compressor (1), said container being subdivided into a first volume (7) and a second volume (9) connected downstream thereof via a non-return valve (8), the second volume (9) acting as a store of compressed air the pressure of which is used to switch the compressor over from unloaded idling to the loaded state, whilst the first volume (7) can be evacuated via a control valve (22) when the compressor is idling, and furthermore there is provided, on a minimum pressure valve (13), in the compressed air removal line (11) between the second volume (9) and the load, a sensor device (36) which emits a signal for switching the compressor (1) from the unloaded idling state to the loaded state when the valve body (14) is raised into the open position, when a pressure switch (30) acted upon by the delivery pressure bearing on the minimum pressure valve (13) has emitted a signal for switching the compressor into the unloaded idling state.
2. Compressor unit according to claim 1, characterised in that the first volume (7) surrounds the second volume (9).
3. Compressor unit according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that an oil separation cartridge (10) is provided in the second volume (9).
4. Compressor unit according to claim 1, characterised in that the sensor device is in the form of a non-contact transmitter (36) connected to a solenoid valve (19).
5. Compressor unit according to claims 1 and 4, characterised in that the pressure switch (30) provided for switching the compressor (1) into the unloaded idling state is connected between a proportional pressure regulator (17) acted upon by the delivery pressure and a regulating cylinder (3) acting upon a volume flow regulator (4) in the intake line (2), whilst in the switch position for unloaded idling the pressure switch (30) is acted upon by the delivery pressure by means of the solenoid valve (19) and in the other switch position it is connected to an evacuating line.
6. Compressor unit according to claim 5, characterised in that the proportional pressure regulator (17) can be adjusted manually.
EP84103237A 1983-03-25 1984-03-23 Compressor unit Expired EP0129004B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833311055 DE3311055A1 (en) 1983-03-25 1983-03-25 COMPRESSOR SYSTEM
DE3311055 1983-03-25

Publications (2)

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EP0129004A1 EP0129004A1 (en) 1984-12-27
EP0129004B1 true EP0129004B1 (en) 1988-08-24

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EP84103237A Expired EP0129004B1 (en) 1983-03-25 1984-03-23 Compressor unit

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EP (1) EP0129004B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3311055A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4118644A1 (en) * 1991-06-04 1992-12-10 Mannesmann Ag Oil lubricated air compressor control - has flap-type valve in suction region and is actuated by adjustable bowden cable to control delivery
AUPP202198A0 (en) * 1998-02-25 1998-03-19 Cash Engineering Research Pty Ltd Oil cooler and separator assembly
BR112019005050A2 (en) 2016-09-21 2019-06-18 Knorr Bremse Systeme Fuer Nutzfahrzeuge Gmbh minimum pressure valve for a screw compressor for a vehicle, especially a utility vehicle

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT191065B (en) * 1954-03-25 1957-08-10 Worthington Corp Device for heating and cooling the lubricant in rotary compressors
GB2020362A (en) * 1978-03-13 1979-11-14 Imi Fluidair Ltd Rotary compressor
DE2821321A1 (en) * 1978-05-16 1979-11-22 Ruediger Dr Ing Klein DEVICE FOR GENERATING COMPRESSED AIR
DE2846005A1 (en) * 1978-10-23 1980-04-30 Bauer Heinz Helical screw type rotary compressor - has plug type valves on air and oil inlets and on discharge valves which are all operated together
DE2938557A1 (en) * 1979-09-24 1981-04-23 Isartaler Schraubenkompressoren Gmbh, 8192 Gertsried Motor driven twin screw rotor compressor - is liquid cooled and lubricated by injection into compression chamber

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DE3473627D1 (en) 1988-09-29
EP0129004A1 (en) 1984-12-27
DE3311055A1 (en) 1984-10-11

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