EP0127881B1 - Hot water generator, in particular a central heating boiler, for solid fuel, especially for burning logs of wood - Google Patents

Hot water generator, in particular a central heating boiler, for solid fuel, especially for burning logs of wood Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0127881B1
EP0127881B1 EP84106185A EP84106185A EP0127881B1 EP 0127881 B1 EP0127881 B1 EP 0127881B1 EP 84106185 A EP84106185 A EP 84106185A EP 84106185 A EP84106185 A EP 84106185A EP 0127881 B1 EP0127881 B1 EP 0127881B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
front faces
holes
opening
exchanger
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Expired
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EP84106185A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0127881A1 (en
Inventor
André Buisson
Franco Bella
Maurice Le Bretton
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Self-Climat SA
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Self-Climat SA
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Priority to AT84106185T priority Critical patent/ATE22610T1/en
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Publication of EP0127881B1 publication Critical patent/EP0127881B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/30—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections
    • F24H1/32—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle being built up from sections with vertical sections arranged side by side

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hot water generator, in particular to a central heating boiler, with solid fuel, in particular with wood and, where appropriate, with liquid or gaseous fuel, comprising, surrounded at a distance by a carcass, a hearth-exchanger surrounding a large chamber, substantially in the shape of a cylinder with a horizontal axis, intended to receive solid fuel and delimited laterally and at the rear end by double walls between which circulates the water to be heated and, at the front end, by a door, the double walls being interrupted, in the lowest part of the chamber, by at least one opening furnished with a combustion bowl.
  • a hot water generator in particular to a central heating boiler, with solid fuel, in particular with wood and, where appropriate, with liquid or gaseous fuel, comprising, surrounded at a distance by a carcass, a hearth-exchanger surrounding a large chamber, substantially in the shape of a cylinder with a horizontal axis, intended to receive solid fuel and delimited laterally and at the rear end by double walls
  • both the inner wall and the outer wall of the double-walled chamber serve as the heating surface.
  • the inner wall is heated by the heat given off by the carbonization of the wood, which takes place inside the chamber, while the outer wall is heated by the flames and the hot gases of combustion proper to flames spilled volatile matter contained in the wood and released by carbonization, this combustion taking place when passing through the lower opening of the chamber and in the part below the chamber, the flames and combustion gases running along the wall outside of the room upwards and backwards before escaping into the chimney.
  • Such a generator is distinguished both by the complete combustion of the wood, due to the combustion with reverse flames (absence of bistrage, minimal CO and C0 2 content in the combustion gases) and by the high efficiency due to the use of the inner wall and the outer wall of the heating body as a heat exchange surface.
  • This known hot water generator has a one-piece hearth-exchanger and has several drawbacks.
  • the manufacture of the one-piece steel hearth-exchanger involves significant welding work resulting in a considerable labor cost.
  • the handling and transportation of the factory-assembled hearth-exchanger can cause problems.
  • due to the manufacture of the hearth-exchanger in sheet steel there are risks of corrosion.
  • the subject of the present invention is a hot water generator of the type defined above which, while retaining the advantages of complete combustion and high efficiency, can be manufactured at a reduced cost price, allows transport and simple handling with regard to the heat exchanger and eliminates or at least considerably reduces the risk of chemical corrosion (sulfuric acid, acetic acid).
  • the hearth-exchanger of the double wall type has several openings in its lower part and is divided along its length into several elements. These elements comprise several identical hollow annular intermediate elements, each delimiting an annular chamber closed around a central passage opening. Each of these intermediate elements has on a front side a local axial recess defining an axially recessed part. Each of these intermediate elements also has two substantially opposite holes in each of these two front faces.
  • the elements of the hearth-exchanger further include a rear end element, hollow, constituting a double bottom and having two substantially opposite holes in the 'one of its front faces, as well as a connector leading outwards.
  • the elements of the heat exchanger also include a hollow annular front end element defining, like the intermediate elements, an annular chamber closed around a central passage opening.
  • This front end element which can be provided or devoid of the recess provided on the intermediate elements has two substantially opposite holes in one of its two front faces, as well as a connector leading outwards.
  • the end elements and the intermediate elements are placed end to end and assembled in such a way that the front faces with recess and the front faces without recess of the successive elements are alternately in opposition and facing each other so that the recesses complement two in pairs to form a radial opening and the front holes of the successive elements coincide.
  • Each of said radial openings is furnished with an insert in the form of a shirt; constituting a combustion bowl without circulation of water.
  • the construction method according to the invention of the hearth-exchanger makes it possible to assemble the latter from several elements of reduced size which lend themselves without problem to a manufacture by casting in cast iron. Welding work is therefore superfluous, the assembly being reduced to simple assembly work. This assembly can be carried out at the place of installation of the generator, particularly for high powers, which simplifies transport and handling. From a model of elements, it is possible to produce hot water generators of different powers, by using a more or less large number of intermediate elements. Finally, the production of cast iron elements greatly reduces the risk of corrosion compared to a hearth-exchanger made of sheet steel.
  • the holes in the front faces of the elements of the hearth-exchanger are tapped and the elements are assembled using threaded sleeves screwed into said holes.
  • the elements are assembled using biconical sleeves press fitted into the smooth holes of the elements of the exchanger hearth.
  • the combustion air enters the chamber defined by the heat exchanger is carried out in the usual way at the front end of the heating body.
  • the reverse combustion central heating boiler illustrated in fig. 1 comprises a heat exchanger 1 which is in the form of a circular cylinder, elliptical or the like, with a horizontal axis.
  • the hearth-exchanger 1 is surrounded at a distance, at its upper half and at the rear, by a carcass 2 which may preferably be made of welded sheet steel.
  • the carcass 2 comprises a side wall 3 which is substantially semi-cylindrical in its upper part and is extended vertically downwards to a base wall 4.
  • the carcass 2 also comprises a rear wall 5 provided with a nozzle 6 intended for connection of the boiler to a chimney flue.
  • the carcass 2 finally comprises a front wall 7 provided below the heating body 1, with a secondary air inlet 8a and a decentering door 8b.
  • the base wall 4 is lined on its upper face with a layer 9 of refractory material.
  • the carcass 2 is advantageously surrounded by an insulating jacket not shown.
  • the heating body 1 is composed of a succession of elements, namely a front end element 10, several intermediate elements 11 and a rear end element 12 which are connected to one another according to vertical planes perpendicular to the horizontal longitudinal axis of the hearth-exchanger 1.
  • the front end element 10 and the intermediate elements 11 each consist of a hollow annular element delimiting an annular chamber 13, 14, respectively, of square or rectangular section.
  • a door 15 having a central opening 16 of square or rectangular shape 16 capable of being closed by a loading door 17.
  • This door 17 has an opening of primary air intake 18 controlled by a primary air shutter 19 under the action of a draft regulator (not shown) which usually detects the temperature of the water on departure to the radiators of the central heating installation .
  • the annular chamber 13 of the front end element 10 has a constant section over the entire circumference.
  • Each intermediate element 11 has on a front side, in the lower part, a local axial recess 20 defining a recessed part (see fig. 2 to 4). This step 20 causes a local reduction in the otherwise constant section of the annular chamber 14.
  • the rear end element 12 is a hollow element without central opening like the elements 10 and 11, constituting a double bottom for the hearth-exchanger 1.
  • the intermediate elements 11 are placed end to end so that the front faces with recess and the front faces without recess of the successive elements are alternately facing and in opposition, the recesses 20 facing each other completing each other in the form of an opening radial having a section twice that of each step 20.
  • Each intermediate element 11 has two substantially opposite holes 21, 22, one at the top and the other at the bottom, in each of its two front faces (see fig. 2 to 4).
  • the front end element 10 and the rear end element 12 each have two corresponding holes in its front face turned towards the intermediate elements 11 and, preferably but not necessarily, two corresponding holes in its other front face.
  • the two flat end faces of the intermediate elements 11 are rectified, while the end elements 10 and 12 are rectified on their flat end face facing the intermediate elements 11.
  • the said elements are placed end to end so that the holes 21, 22 of the different elements coincide, by interposing a refractory sealing material between the faces front facing elements 10, 11 and 12, and the various elements are assembled by keeping them tight against each other.
  • the chambers 13 and 14 of the elements 10 and 11 and the chamber of the element 12 communicate with each other through the holes 21 and 22. Consequently, the hearth-exchanger 1 can be inserted in a heating circuit by means of a connector 23 provided on the front end element 10 and a connector 24 provided on the rear end element 12.
  • Each lower opening formed in te hearth-exchanger 1 by the recesses 20 of two intermediate elements 11 whose recesses 20 complement each other is provided with a jacket 25 attached from the top, protruding from the hearth-exchanger 1 downwards.
  • This jacket 25 serves as a "combustion bowl”.
  • the combustion bowl 25 closest to the primary air intake opening 18 comprises a shutter 26 reducing the passage section of the bowl 25.
  • the next bowl 25 also includes a shutter 27 which reduces the cross-section of passage of the bowl 25 to a smaller extent than the shutter 26.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment consists in assembling said elements in the manner of the elements of a cast iron radiator.
  • the holes 21, 22 of the elements 10, 11, 12 can be tapped and the neighboring elements are then tightened against each other using threaded sleeves 28 screwed into the tapped holes provided in the front faces in look at neighboring elements, each sleeve 28 having a left-hand thread and a right-hand thread.
  • Another possibility is to use smooth biconical sleeves 28 and press these sleeves into the smooth holes 21, 22 of the elements 10, 11 and 12.
  • At least one of the end elements 10 and 12 must have holes 21, 22 in its two front faces in order to allow such an assembly which is done from the inside.
  • the holes of the end elements 10, 12 not receiving sleeves 28 can be closed with plugs or used to connect the hearth-exchanger 1 to the heating circuit, as shown by the connector 23 of the front end element 10 according to fig. 1. It is also possible to use this opening to connect other accessories, for example a draft regulator acting on the flap 19 of primary air intake.
  • the boiler as described above and shown in the accompanying drawing, of the reverse flame combustion type is designed more particularly for the use of wood and in particular of wood logs as fuel, it goes without saying that it can also be equipped as a complement with a liquid fuel burner mounted on the door 17, or a gas burner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

1. Hot-water generator, in particular central heating boiler, for solid fuels especially for burning wood and, if required, also for liquid and gaseous fuels, comprising a firebox/heat-exchanger surrounded by a housing at a distance and surrounding a large-volume chamber substantially in the form of a cylinder with horizontal axis provided for accepting the solid fuel and delimited on its sides and on its rear end by double walls between which the water to be heated is circulated, and on its front end by a door, said double walls being interrupte at their lowermost part by at least one opening which is lined with a combustion nozzle, characterized in that the heating body (1) is composed of a plurality of identical annular hollow intermediate elements (11) each of which forms a closed annular chamber (14) around a central passage opening, each of said intermediate elements at one of its front faces having a local axial offset (20) which defines a recess part, two opposite holes (21, 22) being present in each of its two front faces ; of an annular front end element (10) which forms likewise a central opening, which provided with substantially opposite holes in at least one of its front faces and which is closed with a door (15, 17) in the plane of its other front face ; and of a hollow rear end element (12) without central opening which forms a double bottom and its provided with two substantially opposite holes in at least one of its front faces, said elements (10, 11, 12) lying end-to-end and being assembled so that the front faces with the said recess and the front faces without said recess of the successive intermediate elements (11) are disposed alternately in face-to-face and opposite relationship so that said recesses complete one one another in pairs defining thus a radial opening, and that the said holes (21, 22) of the successive elements (10, 11, 12) coincide, the firebox/heat-exchanger thus formed being set up with the said radial openings directed downwardly and each of said openings is lined with a jacket-like inserted element (25) which forms the combustion nozzle.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un générateur d'eau chaude, notamment à une chaudière de chauffage central, à combustible solide, en particulier à bois et, le cas échéant, à combustible liquide ou gazeux, comprenant, entouré à distance par une carcasse, un foyer-échangeur entourant une chambre de grande taille, sensiblement en forme de cylindre à axe horizontal, destinée à recevoir le combustible solide et délimitée latéralement et à l'extrémité arrière par des doubles parois entre lesquelles circule l'eau à chauffer et, à l'extrémité avant, par une porte, les doubles parois étant interrompues, dans la partie la plus basse de la chambre, par au moins une ouverture garnie d'un bol de combustion. Une telle chaudière est connue du FR-A-2 461 893.The present invention relates to a hot water generator, in particular to a central heating boiler, with solid fuel, in particular with wood and, where appropriate, with liquid or gaseous fuel, comprising, surrounded at a distance by a carcass, a hearth-exchanger surrounding a large chamber, substantially in the shape of a cylinder with a horizontal axis, intended to receive solid fuel and delimited laterally and at the rear end by double walls between which circulates the water to be heated and, at the front end, by a door, the double walls being interrupted, in the lowest part of the chamber, by at least one opening furnished with a combustion bowl. Such a boiler is known from FR-A-2 461 893.

Dans un tel générateur du type à combustion à flammes renversées, à la fois la paroi intérieure et la paroi extérieure de-la chambre à double paroi servent de surface de chauffe. En effet, la paroi intérieure est chauffée par la chaleur dégagée par la carbonisation du bois, laquelle a lieu à l'intérieur de la chambre, alors que la paroi extérieure est chauffée par les flammes et les gaz chauds de la combustion proprement dite à flammes renversées des matières volatiles contenues dans le bois et dégagées par la carbonisation, cette combustion ayant lieu au passage à travers l'ouverture inférieure de la chambre et dans la partie située en dessous de la chambre, les flammes et les gaz de combustion longeant la paroi extérieure de la chambre vers le haut et vers l'arrière avant de s'échapper dans la cheminée.In such a reverse flame combustion type generator, both the inner wall and the outer wall of the double-walled chamber serve as the heating surface. Indeed, the inner wall is heated by the heat given off by the carbonization of the wood, which takes place inside the chamber, while the outer wall is heated by the flames and the hot gases of combustion proper to flames spilled volatile matter contained in the wood and released by carbonization, this combustion taking place when passing through the lower opening of the chamber and in the part below the chamber, the flames and combustion gases running along the wall outside of the room upwards and backwards before escaping into the chimney.

Un tel générateur se distingue à la fois par la combustion complète du bois, dû à la combustion à flammes renversées (absence de bistrage, taux de CO minime et de C02 élevé dans les gaz de combustion) et par le rendement élevé dû à l'utilisation de la paroi intérieure et de la paroi extérieure du corps de chauffe comme surface d'échange de chaleur.Such a generator is distinguished both by the complete combustion of the wood, due to the combustion with reverse flames (absence of bistrage, minimal CO and C0 2 content in the combustion gases) and by the high efficiency due to the use of the inner wall and the outer wall of the heating body as a heat exchange surface.

Ce générateur d'eau chaude connu est à foyer-échangeur monobloc et présente plusieurs inconvénients. D'une part, la fabrication du foyer-échangeur monobloc en acier implique d'importants travaux de soudure entraînant un coût de main-d'œuvre considérable. De plus, dans le cas de chaudières importantes, la manutention et le transport du foyer-échangeur assemblé en usine peut poser des problèmes. Par ailleurs, du fait de la fabrication du foyer-échangeur en tôle d'acier, il existe des risques de corrosion.This known hot water generator has a one-piece hearth-exchanger and has several drawbacks. On the one hand, the manufacture of the one-piece steel hearth-exchanger involves significant welding work resulting in a considerable labor cost. In addition, in the case of large boilers, the handling and transportation of the factory-assembled hearth-exchanger can cause problems. Furthermore, due to the manufacture of the hearth-exchanger in sheet steel, there are risks of corrosion.

La présente invention a pour objet un générateur d'eau chaude du type défini ci-dessus qui, tout en consérvant les avantages d'une combustion complète et d'un rendement élevé, peut être fabriqué à un prix de revient réduit, permet un transport et une manutention simples en ce qui concerne le foyer-échangeur et élimine ou pour le moins réduit considérablement le risque de corrosion chimique (acide sulfurique, acide acétique).The subject of the present invention is a hot water generator of the type defined above which, while retaining the advantages of complete combustion and high efficiency, can be manufactured at a reduced cost price, allows transport and simple handling with regard to the heat exchanger and eliminates or at least considerably reduces the risk of chemical corrosion (sulfuric acid, acetic acid).

Dans le générateur d'eau chaude suivant la présente invention, le foyer-échangeur du type à double paroi, comporte plusieurs ouvertures dans sa partie basse et est subdivisé suivant sa longueur en plusieurs éléments. Ces éléments comprennent plusieurs éléments intermédiaires annulaires creux identiques, délimitant chacun une chambre annulaire fermée autour d'une ouverture de passage centrale. Chacun de ces éléments intermédiaires comporte sur un côté frontal un décrochement axial local définissant une partie en retrait axialement. Chacun de ces éléments intermédiaires présente en outre deux trous sensiblement opposés dans chacune de ces deux faces frontales, Les éléments du foyer-échangeur comprennent en outre un élément d'extrémité arrière, creux, constituant un double fond et présentant deux trous sensiblement opposés dans l'une de ses faces frontales, ainsi qu'un raccord menant vers l'extérieur. Les éléments du foyer-échangeur comprennent, par ailleurs, un élément d'extrémité avant annulaire creux délimitant, comme les éléments intermédiaires, une chambre annulaire fermée autour d'une ouverture de passage central. Cet élément d'extrémité avant qui peut être pourvu ou dépourvu du décrochement prévu sur les éléments intermédiaires présente deux trous sensiblement opposés dans l'une de ses deux faces frontales, ainsi qu'un raccord menant vers l'extérieur. Les éléments d'extrémité et les éléments intermédiaires sont placés bout à bout et assemblés de manière que les faces frontales avec décrochement et les faces frontales sans décrochement des éléments successifs se trouvent en alternance en opposition et en regard de sorte que les décrochement se complètent deux à deux pour former une ouverture radiale et que les trous frontaux des éléments successifs coïncident. Chacune desdites ouvertures radiales est garnie d'un élément rapporté en forme de chemise; constituant un bol de combustion sans circulation d'eau.In the hot water generator according to the present invention, the hearth-exchanger of the double wall type, has several openings in its lower part and is divided along its length into several elements. These elements comprise several identical hollow annular intermediate elements, each delimiting an annular chamber closed around a central passage opening. Each of these intermediate elements has on a front side a local axial recess defining an axially recessed part. Each of these intermediate elements also has two substantially opposite holes in each of these two front faces. The elements of the hearth-exchanger further include a rear end element, hollow, constituting a double bottom and having two substantially opposite holes in the 'one of its front faces, as well as a connector leading outwards. The elements of the heat exchanger also include a hollow annular front end element defining, like the intermediate elements, an annular chamber closed around a central passage opening. This front end element which can be provided or devoid of the recess provided on the intermediate elements has two substantially opposite holes in one of its two front faces, as well as a connector leading outwards. The end elements and the intermediate elements are placed end to end and assembled in such a way that the front faces with recess and the front faces without recess of the successive elements are alternately in opposition and facing each other so that the recesses complement two in pairs to form a radial opening and the front holes of the successive elements coincide. Each of said radial openings is furnished with an insert in the form of a shirt; constituting a combustion bowl without circulation of water.

Le mode de construction suivant l'invention du foyer-échangeur permet d'assembler ce dernier à partir de plusieurs éléments de taille réduite qui se prêtent sans problème à une fabrication par moulage en fonte. Les travaux de soudure sont donc superflus, le montage se résumant à des travaux d'assemblage simples. Cet assemblage peut être effectué au lieu d'installation du générateur particulièrement pour les fortes puissances, d'où une simplification du transport et de la manutention. A partir d'un modèle d'éléments, il est possible de réaliser des générateurs d'eau chaude de différentes puissances, par l'utilisation d'un nombre plus ou moins important d'éléments intermédiaires. Enfin, la réalisation des éléments en fonte réduit très largement les risques de corrosion par rapport à un foyer-échangeur en tôle d'acier.The construction method according to the invention of the hearth-exchanger makes it possible to assemble the latter from several elements of reduced size which lend themselves without problem to a manufacture by casting in cast iron. Welding work is therefore superfluous, the assembly being reduced to simple assembly work. This assembly can be carried out at the place of installation of the generator, particularly for high powers, which simplifies transport and handling. From a model of elements, it is possible to produce hot water generators of different powers, by using a more or less large number of intermediate elements. Finally, the production of cast iron elements greatly reduces the risk of corrosion compared to a hearth-exchanger made of sheet steel.

Suivant un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les trous dans les faces frontales des éléments du foyer-échangeur sont taraudés et les éléments sont assemblés à l'aide de manchons filetés vissés dans lesdits trous. Suivant un autre mode de réalisation, les éléments sont assemblés à l'aide de manchons biconiques emmanchés à la presse dans les trous lisses des éléments du foyer échangeur.According to one embodiment of the invention, the holes in the front faces of the elements of the hearth-exchanger are tapped and the elements are assembled using threaded sleeves screwed into said holes. According to another embodiment, the elements are assembled using biconical sleeves press fitted into the smooth holes of the elements of the exchanger hearth.

Il s'agit là de deux modes d'assemblage simples qui permettent, par ailleurs, de remplacer sans difficulté un élément éventuellement défaillant.These are two simple assembly methods which, moreover, make it possible to easily replace a possibly faulty element.

L'arrivée de l'air de combustion dans la chambre définie par le foyer-échangeur s'effectue de façon usuelle à l'extrémité avant du corps de chauffe. Afin d'assurer néanmoins une combustion uniforme de l'avant à l'arrière du foyer-échangeur, il est avantageux de prévoir des obturateurs pour réduire la section de passage d'une partie des bols de combustion rapportés dans les ouvertures inférieures du foyer-échangeur.The combustion air enters the chamber defined by the heat exchanger is carried out in the usual way at the front end of the heating body. In order, however, to ensure uniform combustion from the front to the rear of the hearth-exchanger, it is advantageous to provide shutters to reduce the passage section of a portion of the combustion bowls added in the lower openings of the hearth- exchanger.

En se référant au dessin annexé, on va décrire ci-après plus en détail un mode de réalisation illustratif et non limitatif d'un générateur d'eau chaude suivant l'invention ; sur le dessin :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en élévation latérale, partiellement en coupe longitudinale verticale, d'un foyer-échangeur conforme à l'invention installé dans une chaudière ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en élévation frontale d'un élément intermédiaire du corps de chauffe ;
  • les figures 3 et 4 sont des coupes suivant III-III et IV-VI de la fig. 2.
Referring to the attached drawing, an illustrative and nonlimiting embodiment of a hot water generator according to the invention will be described below in more detail; on the drawing :
  • Figure 1 is a side elevational view, partially in vertical longitudinal section, of a heat exchanger according to the invention installed in a boiler;
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view of an intermediate element of the heating body;
  • Figures 3 and 4 are sections along III-III and IV-VI of FIG. 2.

La chaudière de chauffage central à combustion à flammes renversées illustrée par la fig. 1 comprend un foyer-échangeur 1 qui se présente sous la forme d'un cylindre circulaire, elliptique ou analogue, à axe horizontal. Le foyer-échangeur 1 est entouré à distance, à sa moitié supérieure et à l'arrière, par une carcasse 2 qui peut être de préférence en tôle d'acier soudée. La carcasse 2 comprend une paroi latérale 3 qui est sensiblement demi-cylindrique dans sa partie supérieure et est prolongée verticalement vers le bas jusqu'à une paroi de base 4. La carcasse 2 comprend par ailleurs une paroi arrière 5 munie d'une buse 6 destinée au raccordement de la chaudière à un conduit de cheminée. La carcasse 2 comprend enfin une paroi avant 7 munie en dessous du corps de chauffe 1, d'une arrivée d'air secondaire 8a et d'une porte de décentrage 8b. La paroi de base 4 est garnie sur sa face supérieure d'une couche 9 de matière réfractaire.The reverse combustion central heating boiler illustrated in fig. 1 comprises a heat exchanger 1 which is in the form of a circular cylinder, elliptical or the like, with a horizontal axis. The hearth-exchanger 1 is surrounded at a distance, at its upper half and at the rear, by a carcass 2 which may preferably be made of welded sheet steel. The carcass 2 comprises a side wall 3 which is substantially semi-cylindrical in its upper part and is extended vertically downwards to a base wall 4. The carcass 2 also comprises a rear wall 5 provided with a nozzle 6 intended for connection of the boiler to a chimney flue. The carcass 2 finally comprises a front wall 7 provided below the heating body 1, with a secondary air inlet 8a and a decentering door 8b. The base wall 4 is lined on its upper face with a layer 9 of refractory material.

La carcasse 2 est avantageusement entourée d'une jaquette calorifuge non représentée.The carcass 2 is advantageously surrounded by an insulating jacket not shown.

Le corps de chauffe 1 est composé d'une succession d'éléments, à savoir d'un élément d'extrémité avant 10, de plusieurs éléments intermédiaires 11 et d'un élément d'extrémité arrière 12 se raccordant les uns aux autres suivant des plans verticaux perpendiculaires à l'axe longitudinal horizontal du foyer-échangeur 1.The heating body 1 is composed of a succession of elements, namely a front end element 10, several intermediate elements 11 and a rear end element 12 which are connected to one another according to vertical planes perpendicular to the horizontal longitudinal axis of the hearth-exchanger 1.

L'élément d'extrémité avant 10 et les éléments intermédiaires 11 sont chacun constitués par un élément annulaire creux délimitant une chambre annulaire 13, 14, respectivement, de section carrée ou rectangulaire.The front end element 10 and the intermediate elements 11 each consist of a hollow annular element delimiting an annular chamber 13, 14, respectively, of square or rectangular section.

Sur la face frontale avant de l'élément d'extrémité avant 10 est articulée une porte 15 présentant une ouverture centrale 16 de forme carrée ou rectangulaire 16 susceptible d'être obturée par une porte de chargement 17. Cette porte 17 comporte une ouverture d'admission d'air primaire 18 commandée par un volet d'air primaire 19 sous l'action d'un régulateur de tirage non représenté qui détecte de façon usuelle la température de l'eau au départ vers les radiateurs de l'installation de chauffage central.On the front end face of the front end element 10 is articulated a door 15 having a central opening 16 of square or rectangular shape 16 capable of being closed by a loading door 17. This door 17 has an opening of primary air intake 18 controlled by a primary air shutter 19 under the action of a draft regulator (not shown) which usually detects the temperature of the water on departure to the radiators of the central heating installation .

La chambre annulaire 13 de l'élément d'extrémité avant 10 présente une section constante sur toute la circonférence.The annular chamber 13 of the front end element 10 has a constant section over the entire circumference.

Chaque élément intermédiaire 11 présente sur un côté frontal, en partie basse, un décrochement axial local 20 définissant une partie en retrait (voir fig.2 à 4). Ce décrochement 20 provoque une réduction locale de la section par ailleurs constante de la chambre annulaire 14.Each intermediate element 11 has on a front side, in the lower part, a local axial recess 20 defining a recessed part (see fig. 2 to 4). This step 20 causes a local reduction in the otherwise constant section of the annular chamber 14.

L'élément d'extrémité arrière 12 est un élément creux sans ouverture centrale comme les éléments 10 et 11, constituant un fond double pour le foyer-échangeur 1.The rear end element 12 is a hollow element without central opening like the elements 10 and 11, constituting a double bottom for the hearth-exchanger 1.

Les éléments intermédiaires 11 sont placés bout à bout de manière que les faces frontales avec décrochement et les faces frontales sans décrochement des éléments successifs se trouvent en alternance en regard et en opposition, les décrochements 20 en regard se complétant sous la forme d'une ouverture radiale ayant une section double de celle de chaque décrochement 20.The intermediate elements 11 are placed end to end so that the front faces with recess and the front faces without recess of the successive elements are alternately facing and in opposition, the recesses 20 facing each other completing each other in the form of an opening radial having a section twice that of each step 20.

Chaque élément intermédiaire 11 présente deux trous 21, 22 sensiblement opposés, l'un en partie haute et l'autre en partie basse, dans chacune de ses deux faces frontales (voir fig. 2 à 4). L'élément d'extrémité avant 10 et l'élément d'extrémité arrière 12 présentent chacun deux trous correspondants dans sa face frontale tournée vers les éléments intermédiaires 11 et, de préférence mais non pas obligatoirement, deux trous correspondants dans son autre face frontale.Each intermediate element 11 has two substantially opposite holes 21, 22, one at the top and the other at the bottom, in each of its two front faces (see fig. 2 to 4). The front end element 10 and the rear end element 12 each have two corresponding holes in its front face turned towards the intermediate elements 11 and, preferably but not necessarily, two corresponding holes in its other front face.

Les deux faces frontales planes des éléments intermédiaires 11 sont rectifiées, tandis que les éléments d'extrémité 10 et 12 sont rectifiés sur leur face frontale plane tournée vers les éléments intermédiaires 11.The two flat end faces of the intermediate elements 11 are rectified, while the end elements 10 and 12 are rectified on their flat end face facing the intermediate elements 11.

Pour l'assemblage du foyer-échangeur 1 à partir des éléments 10, 11 et 12, on place lesdits éléments bout à bout de manière que les trous 21, 22 des différents éléments coïncident, en intercalant une matière d'étanchéité réfractaire entre les faces frontales en regard des éléments 10, 11 et 12, et on assemble les différents éléments en les maintenant serrés les uns contre les autres. Ainsi, les chambres 13 et 14 des éléments 10 et 11 et la chambre de l'élément 12 communiquent entre elles par les trous 21 et 22. Par conséquent, le foyer-échangeur 1 peut être intercalé dans un circuit de chauffage au moyen d'un raccord 23 prévu sur l'élément d'extrémité avant 10 et d'un raccord 24 prévu sur l'élément d'extrémité arrière 12.For the assembly of the hearth-exchanger 1 from the elements 10, 11 and 12, the said elements are placed end to end so that the holes 21, 22 of the different elements coincide, by interposing a refractory sealing material between the faces front facing elements 10, 11 and 12, and the various elements are assembled by keeping them tight against each other. Thus, the chambers 13 and 14 of the elements 10 and 11 and the chamber of the element 12 communicate with each other through the holes 21 and 22. Consequently, the hearth-exchanger 1 can be inserted in a heating circuit by means of a connector 23 provided on the front end element 10 and a connector 24 provided on the rear end element 12.

Chaque ouverture inférieure formée dans te foyer-échangeur 1 par les décrochements 20 de deux éléments intermédiaires 11 dont les décrochements 20 se complètent est garnie d'une chemise 25 rapportée depuis le haut, dépassant le foyer-échangeur 1 vers le bas. Cette chemise 25 sert de « bol de combustion •.Each lower opening formed in te hearth-exchanger 1 by the recesses 20 of two intermediate elements 11 whose recesses 20 complement each other is provided with a jacket 25 attached from the top, protruding from the hearth-exchanger 1 downwards. This jacket 25 serves as a "combustion bowl".

On reconnaît sur la fig. 1 que le bol de combustion 25 le plus proche de l'ouverture d'admission d'air primaire 18 comporte un obturateur 26 réduisant la section de passage du bol 25. Le bol 25 suivant comporte lui aussi un obturateur 27 qui réduit la section de passage du bol 25 dans une plus faible mesure que l'obturateur 26. Cette réduction progressive de la section de passage des bols de combustion au fur et à mesure que l'on s'approche de l'ouverture d'admission d'air primaire 18 assure une répartition uniforme de l'air de combustion primaire sur les différentes ouvertures inférieures du foyer-échangeur 1, d'où une combustion régulière à travers les différents bols de combustion, malgré les éloignements différents de ces bols par rapport à l'ouverture d'admission d'air primaire, et malgré l'utilisation d'éléments intermédiaires 11 tous identiques et de bols de combustion 25 identiques.We recognize in fig. 1 that the combustion bowl 25 closest to the primary air intake opening 18 comprises a shutter 26 reducing the passage section of the bowl 25. The next bowl 25 also includes a shutter 27 which reduces the cross-section of passage of the bowl 25 to a smaller extent than the shutter 26. This gradual reduction in the passage section of the combustion bowls as we approach the primary air intake opening 18 ensures a uniform distribution of the primary combustion air over the different lower openings of the hearth-exchanger 1, hence regular combustion through the different combustion bowls, despite the different distances of these bowls from the opening primary air intake, and despite the use of intermediate elements 11 all identical and identical combustion bowls 25.

Différents modes de réalisation sont possibles pour l'assemblage des éléments 10.11 et 12 sous la forme d'un foyer-échangeur 1.Different embodiments are possible for the assembly of elements 10.11 and 12 in the form of a hearth-exchanger 1.

Un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux consiste à assembler lesdits éléments à la manière des éléments d'un radiateur en fonte. A cet effet, les trous 21, 22 des éléments 10, 11, 12 peuvent être taraudés et les éléments voisins sont alors serrés les uns contre les autres à l'aide de manchons filetés 28 vissés dans les trous taraudés prévus dans les faces frontales en regard des éléments voisins, chaque manchon 28 présentant un filetage à gauche et un filetage à droite. Une autre possibilité consiste à utiliser des manchons 28 biconiques lisses et à emmancher ces manchons à la presse dans les trous 21, 22 lisses des éléments 10, 11 et 12.A particularly advantageous embodiment consists in assembling said elements in the manner of the elements of a cast iron radiator. To this end, the holes 21, 22 of the elements 10, 11, 12 can be tapped and the neighboring elements are then tightened against each other using threaded sleeves 28 screwed into the tapped holes provided in the front faces in look at neighboring elements, each sleeve 28 having a left-hand thread and a right-hand thread. Another possibility is to use smooth biconical sleeves 28 and press these sleeves into the smooth holes 21, 22 of the elements 10, 11 and 12.

Dans les deux cas, l'un au moins des éléments d'extrémité 10 et 12 doit comporter des trous 21, 22 dans ses deux faces frontales afin de permettre un tel assemblage qui se fait de l'intérieur. Les trous des éléments d'extrémité 10, 12 ne recevant pas de manchons 28 peuvent être obturés à l'aide de bouchons ou servir au raccordement du foyer-échangeur 1 au circuit de chauffage, comme cela est représenté par le raccord 23 de l'élément d'extrémité avant 10 selon la fig.1. Il est également possible d'utiliser cette ouverture pour raccorder d'autres accessoires, par exemple un régulateur de tirage agissant sur le volet 19 d'admission d'air primaire.In both cases, at least one of the end elements 10 and 12 must have holes 21, 22 in its two front faces in order to allow such an assembly which is done from the inside. The holes of the end elements 10, 12 not receiving sleeves 28 can be closed with plugs or used to connect the hearth-exchanger 1 to the heating circuit, as shown by the connector 23 of the front end element 10 according to fig. 1. It is also possible to use this opening to connect other accessories, for example a draft regulator acting on the flap 19 of primary air intake.

Lors de l'assemblage à t'aide de manchons emmanchés à la presse, il est préférable de prévoir, à l'extérieur du foyer-échangeur, plusieurs tirants axiaux pour serrer les éléments 10, 11 et 12.When assembling using press-fitted sleeves, it is preferable to provide, outside the hearth-exchanger, several axial tie rods to tighten the elements 10, 11 and 12.

Bien que la chaudière telle que décrite ci-dessus et représentée sur le dessin annexé, du type à combustion à flammes renversées, soit conçue plus particulièrement pour l'utilisation de bois et notamment de bûches de bois en tant que combustible, il va de soi qu'elle peut également être équipée à titre complémentaire d'un brûleur à combustible liquide monté sur la porte 17, ou d'un brûleur à gaz.Although the boiler as described above and shown in the accompanying drawing, of the reverse flame combustion type, is designed more particularly for the use of wood and in particular of wood logs as fuel, it goes without saying that it can also be equipped as a complement with a liquid fuel burner mounted on the door 17, or a gas burner.

Claims (4)

1. Hot-water generator, in particular central heating boiler, for solid fuels especially for burning wood and, if required, also for liquid and gaseous fuels, comprising a firebox/heat-exchanger surrounded by a housing at a distance and surrounding a large-volume chamber substantially in the form of a cylinder with horizontal axis provided for accepting the solidfuel and delimited on its sides and on its rear end by double walls between which the water to be heated is circulated, and on its front end by a door, said double walls being interrupte at their lowermost part by at least one opening which is lined with a combustion nozzle, characterized in that the heating body (1) is composed of a plurality of identical annular hollow intermediate elements (11) each of which forms a closed annular chamber (14) around a central passage opening, each of said intermediate elements at one of its front faces having a local axial offset (20) which defines a recess part, two opposite holes (21, 22) being present in each of its two front faces ; of an annular front end element (10) which forms likewise a central opening, which provided with substantially opposite holes in at least one of its front faces and which is closed with a door (15, 17) in the plane of its other front face; and of a hollow rear end element (12) without central opening which forms a double bottom and its provided with two substantially opposite holes in at least one of its front faces, said elements (10, 11, 12) lying end-to-end and being assembled so that the front faces with the said recess and the front faces without said recess of the successive intermediate elements (11) are disposed alternately in face-to-face and opposite relationship so that said recesses complete one one another in pairs defining thus a radial opening, and that the said holes (21, 22) of the successive. elements (10, 11, 12) coincide, the firebox/heat-exchanger thus formed being set up with the said radial openings directed downwardly and each of said openings is lined with a jacket- like inserted element (25) which forms the'combustion nozzle.
2. Hot-water generator in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that said holes (21, 22) in the front faces of said elements (10, 11, 12) are provided with an internal thread and that said elements are assembled by means of threaded sleeves (28) which are screwed into said holes (28).
3. Hot-water generator in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that said elements (10, 11, 12) are assembled by means of double-conical sleeves which are pressed into the smooth holes (21, 22) of said elements (10, 11, 12).
4. Hot-water generator in accordance with any one of claims 1 through 3, characterized in that the firebox/heat-exchange contains, in addition, reducer elements (26, 27) for reducing the cross section of the passage of a part of the jackets (25) inserted in the lower openings of the firebox/heat-exchanger.
EP84106185A 1983-06-01 1984-05-30 Hot water generator, in particular a central heating boiler, for solid fuel, especially for burning logs of wood Expired EP0127881B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84106185T ATE22610T1 (en) 1983-06-01 1984-05-30 HOT WATER GENERATORS, PARTICULARLY SOLID FUEL CENTRAL HEATING BOILERS, PARTICULARLY FOR THE COMBUSTION OF WOOD BLOCKS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8309082A FR2547026B1 (en) 1983-06-01 1983-06-01 HOT WATER GENERATOR, ESPECIALLY CENTRAL HEATING BOILER, WITH SOLID FUEL, PARTICULARLY FOR THE COMBUSTION OF LOGS OF WOOD
FR8309082 1983-06-01

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0127881A1 EP0127881A1 (en) 1984-12-12
EP0127881B1 true EP0127881B1 (en) 1986-10-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84106185A Expired EP0127881B1 (en) 1983-06-01 1984-05-30 Hot water generator, in particular a central heating boiler, for solid fuel, especially for burning logs of wood

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0127881B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE22610T1 (en)
DE (2) DE127881T1 (en)
FR (1) FR2547026B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2495336C2 (en) * 2008-03-07 2013-10-10 Роберт Бош Гмбх Sectional heating boiler from cast iron or aluminium

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008037762A1 (en) * 2008-08-14 2010-02-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Cast iron or aluminum sectional boilers

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR435775A (en) * 1910-12-13 1912-03-09 Sulzer Freres Soc Disconnected boiler for heating
GB710710A (en) * 1951-08-07 1954-06-16 James Whale Improvements in and relating to hot water boilers
CH342355A (en) * 1956-07-09 1959-11-15 Strebelwerk Ag Central heating sectional boiler
FR2461893B1 (en) * 1979-07-16 1986-08-01 Self Climat HOT WATER GENERATOR, ESPECIALLY CENTRAL HEATING BOILER
DE3102703A1 (en) * 1981-01-28 1982-09-02 Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar LINKED BOILER

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2495336C2 (en) * 2008-03-07 2013-10-10 Роберт Бош Гмбх Sectional heating boiler from cast iron or aluminium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3460861D1 (en) 1986-11-06
ATE22610T1 (en) 1986-10-15
DE127881T1 (en) 1985-10-10
EP0127881A1 (en) 1984-12-12
FR2547026A1 (en) 1984-12-07
FR2547026B1 (en) 1985-08-23

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