EP0127577A2 - Method of casting a strand from aluminium or an alloy thereof - Google Patents
Method of casting a strand from aluminium or an alloy thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0127577A2 EP0127577A2 EP84810226A EP84810226A EP0127577A2 EP 0127577 A2 EP0127577 A2 EP 0127577A2 EP 84810226 A EP84810226 A EP 84810226A EP 84810226 A EP84810226 A EP 84810226A EP 0127577 A2 EP0127577 A2 EP 0127577A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strand
- carbon dioxide
- water
- cooling
- coolant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
- B22D11/1245—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling using specific cooling agents
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for casting a strand, in particular made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, through a casting mold while cooling the strand formed by means of water containing carbon dioxide.
- the thermal stresses that occur as a result of this temperature shock are greater than the tensile strength of the cast strand and lead to permanent deformation in the form of a convex curvature of the strand foot and, if the tensile strength is exceeded, to cracks in the strand.
- the strand In order to obtain a cast strand with a flat foot, the strand must not be cooled too much during the start-up process.
- DE-AS 12 93 956 deals with a method for cooling continuously cast thin strips, plates or the like, in which a water-air mixture is produced in the mold in an ejector-like manner and before being discharged for direct cooling, i.e. cooling by directly applying the coolant to the thin tape or the like. itself, for indirect cooling, i.e. cooling via the webs of the mold is used.
- the bottom depth and / or the temperature of the cast thin strip is controlled by varying the amount of air and / or water. Since the water-air mixture is sprayed as a mist, especially during direct cooling, targeted control of the cooling is not possible.
- a further embodiment of the above-mentioned method can be found in DE-OS 24 08 285.
- a water-air mixture is also used to cool the casting strand emerging from the mold. First, cooling water flows under pressure in water chambers or channels of the mold and cools the work surfaces of the mold room. Then it emerges from the mold and cools the cast strip directly. As a result of different cross sections of the coolant outlet openings and additional air gaps, air from the latter is drawn in according to the principle of a water jet pump effect. However, this air remains with little influence on the cooling capacity in the cooling water.
- controlling the cooling is also likely to be very problematic here, since, for example, significantly more air is drawn in when the addition of cooling water is increased, but this does not necessarily result in a better effect of the cooling, but rather only an increased atomization of the air-water mixture .
- the rate of heat dissipation is increased by reducing the amount of gas mixed with the coolant.
- the main disadvantage of this method lies in its complexity, which in particular that for solving the Ga
- the mixing and control equipment required in the coolant Control of the cooling also remains dependent on the solubility of the gas in the liquid coolant, which is determined by various different parameters which also depend, inter alia, on the changing conditions during the entire casting process.
- the inventor has set itself the goal of developing a method of the type mentioned above which overcomes these disadvantages and by means of which in particular precise control of the cooling process is possible both with regard to the phase of indirect and direct cooling.
- the water-carbon dioxide mixture initially has such a solution ratio that the thermal shock between the indirect cooling emanating from the mold and that or the like when lowering a start-up floor or the like. direct cooling is as low as possible.
- this solution ratio is also the highest necessary value of the concentration of carbon dioxide in water, the lowering of which by adding water is not difficult, while a reduction in the amount of carbon dioxide with the same amount of water is accompanied by the imponderability of the amount of actually dissolved carbon dioxide.
- a carbon dioxide-water mixture of a certain concentration or the like before starting up in a tank. ready and then add additional water to it during the start-up process. It is also possible to continuously prepare carbon dioxide and water as a coolant in a mixing device and to continuously increase the water content.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Giessen eines Stranges, insbesondere aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, durch eine Giesskokille unter Kühlung des entstehenden Stranges mittels Kohlendioxid enthaltenden Wassers.The invention relates to a method for casting a strand, in particular made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, through a casting mold while cooling the strand formed by means of water containing carbon dioxide.
Beim Stranggiessen mit direkter Kühlung wird dem aus der Kokille austretenden Gussstrang durch Beaufschlagen der Strangoberfläche mit Kühlmittel unmittelbar unterhalb der Kokille Wärme entzogen. Während des Anfahrvorganges berührt das Kühlmittel zunächst nur den Anfahrboden. Der hierbei eintretende indirekte Wärmeentzug führt zu einer milden Erstarrung des flüssigen Metalls und zu einer ebenen Ausbildung des Strangfusses. Mit fortschreitendem Absenken des Anfahrbodens trifft das Kühlmittel direkt auf die Oberfläche des Stranges auf, was mit einer sprunghaften Erhöhung der Wärmeabfuhr aus dem Gussstrang verbunden ist. Die als Folge dieses Temperaturschocks auftretenden Wärmespannungen sind grösser als die Dehnungsfestigkeit des Gussstranges und führen zu einer bleibenden Verformung in Form einer konvexen Wölbung des Strangfusses und bei Ueberschreiten der Zerreissfestigkeit überdies zu Rissen im Strang. Um einen Gussstrang mit ebenem Fuss zu erhalten, darf der Strang demzufolge während des Anfahrvorganges nicht zu stark gekühlt werden.In continuous casting with direct cooling, heat is withdrawn from the cast strand emerging from the mold by applying coolant directly below the mold to the surface of the strand. During the start-up process, the coolant initially only touches the start-up floor. The indirect heat removal that occurs leads to a mild solidification of the liquid metal and to an even formation of the strand base. With the progressive lowering of the start-up floor, the coolant strikes the surface of the strand, which is associated with a sudden increase in heat dissipation from the cast strand. The thermal stresses that occur as a result of this temperature shock are greater than the tensile strength of the cast strand and lead to permanent deformation in the form of a convex curvature of the strand foot and, if the tensile strength is exceeded, to cracks in the strand. In order to obtain a cast strand with a flat foot, the strand must not be cooled too much during the start-up process.
Hierzu wurde in der US-PS 3 441 079 vorgeschlagen, das Kühlmittel in der Anfahrphase intermittierend auf den Gussstrang aufzubringen. Nachteilig wirkt sich dabei aus, dass infolge der intermittierenden Kühlmittelstrahlen sich unterschiedliche thermische Erstarrungsmuster im Gussstrang ergeben.For this purpose, it was proposed in US Pat. No. 3,441,079 that Intermittently apply coolant to the cast strand during the start-up phase. The disadvantage here is that the intermittent coolant jets result in different thermal solidification patterns in the cast strand.
Die DE-AS 12 93 956 behandelt ein Verfahren zum Kühlen von stranggegossenen dünnen Bändern, Platten od.dgl., bei dem ein Wasser-Luft-Gemisch in der Kokille ejektorartig erzeugt und vor Austritt zur direkten Kühlung, d.h. der Kühlung durch direktes Aufbringen des Kühlmittels auf das dünne Band od.dgl. selbst, für die indirekte Kühlung, d.h. die Kühlung über die Stege der Kokille, verwendet wird. Die Sumpftiefe und/oder die Temperatur des gegossenen dünnen Bandes wird durch Variierung der Luft- und/oder Wassermenge gesteuert. Da das Wasser-Luft-Gemisch als Nebel insbesondere während der direkten Kühlung versprüht wird, ist eine gezielte Steuerung der Kühlung nicht möglich. Dies gilt um so mehr für den Vorschlag nach der DE-AS 12 93 956, dass die Wassermenge zum Zwecke einer indirekten Kühlung des Gussstranges innerhalb des Kokilleninnenraumes, d.h. während der indirekten Kühlung, und die Luftmenge bei der direkten Kühlung gesteigert werden soll. Dadurch kann ein Gussstrang nicht gezielt und schon gar nicht kontinuierlich mit einem Kühlmittel beaufschlagt werden.DE-AS 12 93 956 deals with a method for cooling continuously cast thin strips, plates or the like, in which a water-air mixture is produced in the mold in an ejector-like manner and before being discharged for direct cooling, i.e. cooling by directly applying the coolant to the thin tape or the like. itself, for indirect cooling, i.e. cooling via the webs of the mold is used. The bottom depth and / or the temperature of the cast thin strip is controlled by varying the amount of air and / or water. Since the water-air mixture is sprayed as a mist, especially during direct cooling, targeted control of the cooling is not possible. This applies all the more to the proposal according to DE-AS 12 93 956 that the amount of water for the purpose of indirect cooling of the cast strand inside the mold interior, i.e. during indirect cooling, and the amount of air in direct cooling should be increased. As a result, a cast strand cannot be subjected to a coolant in a targeted manner, and certainly not continuously.
Eine weitere Ausgestaltung des oben genannten Verfahrens findet sich in der DE-OS 24 08 285. Zum Kühlen des aus der Kokille austretenden Gussstranges wird ebenfalls ein Wasser-Luft-Gemisch verwendet. Zunächst fliesst dabei Kühlwasser unter Druck in Wasserkammern bzw. Kanäle der Kokille und kühlt die Arbeitsflächen des formgebenden Kokillenraumes. Danach tritt es aus der Kokille aus und kühlt das Gussband direkt. Infolge unterschiedlicher Querschnitte der Kühlmittelaustrittsöffnungen und zusätzlicher Luftspalten wird Luft aus letzeren nach dem Prinzip eines Wasserstrahlpumpeneffektes angesogen. Diese Luft bleibt jedoch nur mit geringem Einfluss auf die Kühlleistung in dem Kühlwasser. Zudem dürfte auch hier eine Steuerung der Kühlung sehr problematisch sein, da beispielsweise bei Erhöhung der Zugabe von Kühlwasser auch wesentlich mehr Luft angesaugt wird, dadurch jedoch nicht unbedingt eine bessere Wirkung der Kühlung, sondern lediglich eine verstärkte Vernebelung des Luft-Wasser-Gemisches erzeugt wird.A further embodiment of the above-mentioned method can be found in DE-OS 24 08 285. A water-air mixture is also used to cool the casting strand emerging from the mold. First, cooling water flows under pressure in water chambers or channels of the mold and cools the work surfaces of the mold room. Then it emerges from the mold and cools the cast strip directly. As a result of different cross sections of the coolant outlet openings and additional air gaps, air from the latter is drawn in according to the principle of a water jet pump effect. However, this air remains with little influence on the cooling capacity in the cooling water. In addition, controlling the cooling is also likely to be very problematic here, since, for example, significantly more air is drawn in when the addition of cooling water is increased, but this does not necessarily result in a better effect of the cooling, but rather only an increased atomization of the air-water mixture .
Aus der DE-OS 29 09 990 ist nun ein Verfahren zum Stranggiessen von Metallblöcken bekannt, bei dem die Geschwindigkeit, mit der Wärme durch das flüssige Kühlmittel vom Gussstrang abgeführt wird, zumindest während des Anfahrvorganges verlangsamt wird. Hierzu wird ein Gas, vorzugsweise Kohlendioxid, unter Druck dem Kühlmittel beigemischt. Das auf diese Weise gelöste Gas bildet beim Auftreffen des Kühlmittels auf der Strangoberfläche einen den Wärmeabfluss vermindernden Isolierfilm, welcher eine Herabsetzung der Kühlintensität zur Folge hat.From DE-OS 29 09 990 a method for the continuous casting of metal blocks is now known, in which the speed at which heat is removed from the cast strand by the liquid coolant is slowed down at least during the start-up process. For this purpose, a gas, preferably carbon dioxide, is added to the coolant under pressure. When the coolant strikes the surface of the strand, the gas dissolved in this way forms an insulating film which reduces the outflow of heat, which results in a reduction in the cooling intensity.
Nach Beendigung des Anfahrvorganges erfolgt eine Erhöhung der Wärmeabfuhrgeschwindigkeit durch Verringerung der Menge des dem Kühlmittel beigemischten Gases.After the start-up process has ended, the rate of heat dissipation is increased by reducing the amount of gas mixed with the coolant.
Der wesentlichste Nachteil dieses Verfahrens liegt in seiner Aufwendigkeit, was insbesondere die zur Lösung des Gases im Kühlmittel erforderlichen Misch- und Kontrolleinrichtungen anbelangt. Ebenso bleibt eine Steuerung der Kühlung von der Löslichkeit des Gases in dem flüssigen Kühlmittel abhängig, welche von diversen unterschiedlichen Parametern bestimmt ist, die unter anderem auch von den sich ändernden Bedingungen während des gesamten Giessvorganges abhängen.The main disadvantage of this method lies in its complexity, which in particular that for solving the Ga The mixing and control equipment required in the coolant. Control of the cooling also remains dependent on the solubility of the gas in the liquid coolant, which is determined by various different parameters which also depend, inter alia, on the changing conditions during the entire casting process.
Der Erfinder hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, ein Verfahren der oben genannten Art zu entwickeln, welches diese Nachteile behebt und mittels dessen insbesondere eine genaue Steuerung des Kühlvorganges sowohl in bezug auf die Phase der indirekten als auch der direkten Kühlung möglich ist.The inventor has set itself the goal of developing a method of the type mentioned above which overcomes these disadvantages and by means of which in particular precise control of the cooling process is possible both with regard to the phase of indirect and direct cooling.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe führt ein Verfahren, bei dem die dem Wasser zugesetzte Menge an Kohlendioxid während des Anfahrvorganges konstant gehalten, jedoch seine Konzentration innerhalb des Kühlmittels durch Erhöhung des Wasserzuflusses vermindert, sowie dadurch gleichzeitig der thermische Kontakt zwischen Strangoberfläche und Kühlwasser erhöht wird.This problem is solved by a method in which the amount of carbon dioxide added to the water is kept constant during the start-up process, but its concentration within the coolant is reduced by increasing the water inflow, and at the same time the thermal contact between the strand surface and the cooling water is increased.
Das bedeutet, dass die Wirkung des Kohlendioxids nicht mehr von seiner Löslichkeit innerhalb des Kühlmittelwassers abhängt, denn es wird eine vorbestimmt und mögliche Konzentration eines Wasser-Kohlendioxid-Gemisches verwendet, für die eine Sättigungsgrenze oder andere schwer definierbare Grenzwerte unerheblich sind. Beeinflusst wird die wärmeisolierende Eigenschaft des Kohlendioxids bei der Kühlung des Gussstranges durch Herabsetzung seiner Konzentration sowie durch Erhöhung der Energie bzw. Geschwindigkeit des Kühlwassers, welche auf einfache Weise durch Erhöhung des Wasserzuflusses möglich ist. Dadurch gelangt mehr Kühlwasser auf die Strangoberfläche, da der "Isolierfilm" des Kohlendioxids immer dünner und durchlässiger wird. Schlussendlich zerreisst der "Film" ganz, und die bekannte Kühlwirkung des Wassers kann sich ausschliesslich entfalten. Selbstverständlich liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, die Kohlendioxidzufuhr entweder bei einem vorbestimmten Wert der Kohlendioxidkonzentration im Kühlmittel oder spätestens am Ende des Anfahrvorganges vollständig zu unterbrechen.This means that the effect of carbon dioxide no longer depends on its solubility in the coolant water, because a predetermined and possible concentration of a water-carbon dioxide mixture is used for which a saturation limit or other limit values that are difficult to define are irrelevant. The heat-insulating property of carbon dioxide is influenced when the cast strand is cooled by reducing its concentration and by increasing the energy or speed of the cooling water, which can be done in a simple manner by increasing what inflow is possible. As a result, more cooling water gets onto the strand surface, since the "insulating film" of carbon dioxide becomes ever thinner and more permeable. In the end, the "film" tears completely, and the known cooling effect of the water can only develop. Of course, it is within the scope of the invention to completely interrupt the carbon dioxide supply either at a predetermined value of the carbon dioxide concentration in the coolant or at the latest at the end of the starting process.
Wesentliches Augenmerk wird darauf gerichtet, dass das Wasser-Kohlendioxid-Gemisch zu Anfang ein derartiges Lösungsverhältnis aufweist, dass der Thermoschock zwischen der von der Kokille ausgehenden indirekten Kühlung und der beim Absenken eines Anfahrbodens od.dgl. einsetzenden direkten Kühlung möglichst gering ist. Gleichzeitig ist dieses Lösungsverhältnis auch der oberste notwendig zu erreichende Wert der Konzentration des Kohlendioxids im Wasser, dessen Absenkung durch Zugabe von Wasser keine Schwierigkeit mit sich bringt, während eine Reduzierung der Kohlendioxidmenge bei gleicher Wassermenge von der Unwägbarkeit der tatsächlich gelösten Kohlendioxidmenge begleitet ist. Es liegt deshalb im Rahmen der Erfindung, ein Kohlendioxid-WasserGemisch einer bestimmten Konzentration schon vor dem Anfahren in einem Tank od.dgl. bereit zu stellen und diesem dann während des Anfahrvorganges zusätzliches Wasser zuzusetzen. Ebenso ist es möglich, in einer Mischeinrichtung Kohlendioxid und Wasser als Kühlmittel laufend vorzubereiten und den Wasseranteil laufend zu erhöhen.Particular attention is paid to the fact that the water-carbon dioxide mixture initially has such a solution ratio that the thermal shock between the indirect cooling emanating from the mold and that or the like when lowering a start-up floor or the like. direct cooling is as low as possible. At the same time, this solution ratio is also the highest necessary value of the concentration of carbon dioxide in water, the lowering of which by adding water is not difficult, while a reduction in the amount of carbon dioxide with the same amount of water is accompanied by the imponderability of the amount of actually dissolved carbon dioxide. It is therefore within the scope of the invention, a carbon dioxide-water mixture of a certain concentration or the like before starting up in a tank. ready and then add additional water to it during the start-up process. It is also possible to continuously prepare carbon dioxide and water as a coolant in a mixing device and to continuously increase the water content.
In jedem Fall hat es sich gezeigt, dass durch die erfindungsgemäss Steuerung der Kühlung Gussstränge mit minimalen Querschnittänderungen insbesondere im Bereich des Strangfusses hergestellt werden können.In any case, it has been shown that by controlling the cooling according to the invention, cast strands with minimal Cross-sectional changes can be produced in particular in the area of the strand foot.
Claims (2)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die dem Wasser zugesetzte Menge an Kohlendioxid während des Anfahrvorganges konstant gehalten, jedoch seine Konzentration innerhalb des Kühlmittels durch Erhöhung des Wasserzuflusses vermindert sowie dadurch gleichzeitig der thermische Kontakt zwischen Strangoberfläche und Kühlwasser erhöht wird.1. Method for casting a strand, in particular made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, through a casting mold while cooling the strand formed by means of water containing carbon dioxide,
characterized,
that the amount of carbon dioxide added to the water is kept constant during the start-up process, but its concentration within the coolant is reduced by increasing the water inflow and at the same time the thermal contact between the strand surface and the cooling water is increased.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3319088 | 1983-05-26 | ||
| DE3319087 | 1983-05-26 | ||
| DE3319088 | 1983-05-26 | ||
| DE3319087 | 1983-05-26 | ||
| DE3346151 | 1983-12-21 | ||
| DE19833346151 DE3346151C2 (en) | 1983-05-26 | 1983-12-21 | Process for cooling a metal strand during continuous casting |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0127577A2 true EP0127577A2 (en) | 1984-12-05 |
| EP0127577A3 EP0127577A3 (en) | 1986-12-30 |
Family
ID=27191042
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84810226A Withdrawn EP0127577A3 (en) | 1983-05-26 | 1984-05-10 | Method of casting a strand from aluminium or an alloy thereof |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0127577A3 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2808884A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2546429A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0402692A2 (en) * | 1989-06-14 | 1990-12-19 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method and apparatus for controlling the heat transfer of liquid coolant in continuous casting |
| WO1991006386A1 (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1991-05-16 | Alcan International Limited | Method of controlling the rate of heat extraction in mould casting |
| EP0497254A2 (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1992-08-05 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method and apparatus for controlling the heat transfer of liquid coolant in continuous casting |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2016330A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1979-09-26 | Aluminum Co Of America | Continuous casting method |
-
1984
- 1984-05-10 EP EP84810226A patent/EP0127577A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1984-05-16 AU AU28088/84A patent/AU2808884A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1984-05-24 FR FR8408166A patent/FR2546429A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2016330A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1979-09-26 | Aluminum Co Of America | Continuous casting method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JOURNAL OF METALS, Band 32, Nr. 11, November 1980, Seiten 23-27, Warrendale, US; H. YU: "A process to reduce DC ingot butt curl and swell" * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0402692A2 (en) * | 1989-06-14 | 1990-12-19 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method and apparatus for controlling the heat transfer of liquid coolant in continuous casting |
| EP0402692A3 (en) * | 1989-06-14 | 1992-04-22 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method and apparatus for controlling the heat transfer of liquid coolant in continuous casting |
| WO1991006386A1 (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1991-05-16 | Alcan International Limited | Method of controlling the rate of heat extraction in mould casting |
| EP0497254A2 (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1992-08-05 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method and apparatus for controlling the heat transfer of liquid coolant in continuous casting |
| EP0497254A3 (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1992-12-30 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method and apparatus for controlling the heat transfer of liquid coolant in continuous casting |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2808884A (en) | 1984-11-29 |
| FR2546429A1 (en) | 1984-11-30 |
| EP0127577A3 (en) | 1986-12-30 |
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