EP0126412A2 - Ventil für einen Druckluftatmungsapparat - Google Patents

Ventil für einen Druckluftatmungsapparat Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0126412A2
EP0126412A2 EP84105511A EP84105511A EP0126412A2 EP 0126412 A2 EP0126412 A2 EP 0126412A2 EP 84105511 A EP84105511 A EP 84105511A EP 84105511 A EP84105511 A EP 84105511A EP 0126412 A2 EP0126412 A2 EP 0126412A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
air
gate
fact
comprised
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84105511A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0126412A3 (en
EP0126412B1 (de
Inventor
Giulio Cappa
Romano Moscatelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sekur SpA
Original Assignee
Sekur SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sekur SpA filed Critical Sekur SpA
Publication of EP0126412A2 publication Critical patent/EP0126412A2/de
Publication of EP0126412A3 publication Critical patent/EP0126412A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0126412B1 publication Critical patent/EP0126412B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
    • A62B9/02—Valves
    • A62B9/022—Breathing demand regulators
    • A62B9/025—Breathing demand regulators with tilting opening action

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to an air demand-valve device of a compressed-air breathing apparatus (for open circuit compressed-air), that is apt for supplying air, at a prefixed pressure - slightly higher than atmospheric pressure, into an ambient (normally comprising an inner cavity with an anti-gas mask) of said breathing apparatus, which must result as being structurally very simple, reliable, and which must allow for a very high delivery-flow of air into the above-said ambient, and with moreover, maintaining substantially constant the ambiental-pressure itself.
  • a demand-valve device of the type to which the device of the invention belongs usually comprises a chamber that communicates with a source-of-air having a mean pressure - i.e. comprised between 2 and 10 Bar., through a first-entry- gate, and with the above-said ambient, through a second- exit-gate.
  • the passage-opening, through the first-entry-gate is controlled by intercepting-means comprising a blocking-element mechanically connected to a deformable membrane apt for defining a surface of said chamber, in such a way that - following the shifting of the membrane, the blocking-element is also shifted, for thus controlling the passage-opening.
  • the complex - comprised by the above-said membrane and by the kinematic chain that connects it to the above-mentioned blocking-element, substantially constitutes a transducer which is apt for measuring the pressure existing inside the chamber, and for controlling - as a function of said pressure, the shifting of the blocking-element, for feeding appropriate quantities of air into the chamber.
  • the pressure existing downstream of the blocking-element is, in static terms, equal to atmospheric-pressure, and it decreases slightly during the act of inhalation - with putting the interior of the mask under vacuum.
  • a spring - having suitable mechanical characteristics, that presses against the membrane from the outside, or else, some other device that performs the same task - allows for obtaining, in static terms, a slight overpressure, with respect to the surrounding atmosphere, downstream of the blocking-element - which, during any actual inhalation, decreases and can also change signs.
  • the air pressure existing inside said chamber - and hence, also in the ambient that communicates with the chamber itself decreases sensibly with respect to the initial pressure.
  • the respiratory efforts of the user himself also increase - owing to the greater difficulty had in inhaling air.
  • the pressure inside the mask decreases sensibly, with assuming - even in instances of the apparatus also being endowed with an overpressure spring, lower values as compared to those of atmospheric-pressure.
  • Said fluodynamic actions can have either a positive or a negative sign - and can vary considerably, besides irregularly, as a function of the air-flow delivered by the device, with also changing signs, and with resulting as being strongly resistent to static action in instances of any greater air-flows. Therefore, for obtaining these actions, a vacuum is often required - and hence, an effort on user's part, that proves to be much greater than what is foreseen by a calculation of static-balance. It results from this that, to-date, there are many constructors who have conceived various, more or less complex, devices for eliminating any direct contact of the dynamic air-flow upon the surface of the membrane itself - for suppressing in this way, the above- described fluodynamic effect.
  • the aim of the present invention is to realize an air demand-valve device for a compressed-air breathing apparatus of the previously indicated type, but which will be in a condition to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, and which, in particular, will be apt for supplying air - that is sensibly constant and of a better quality than the air of the surrounding atmosphere, into the ambient of the breathing apparatus, and even in those instances when the air-delivery flows may be considerably increased.
  • an air demand-valve device for a compressed-air breathing apparatus that is apt for supplying air, at a pre- fixed pressure, into an ambient of said breathing apparatus, said device comprising a chamber that is substantially cylindrical and a first air-entry-gate into the chamber, which substantially opens out onto the lateral surface of said chamber, and which communicates with a source of compressed-air, and which presents a passage-opening that is controlled by intercepting-means - comprising a blocking-element mechanically connected to a deformable membrance which is apt for defining a base-surface of said chamber, in such a way that - following the shifting of said membrane, the said blocking-element is also shifted for controlling said opening, the said device comprising moreover, a second exit-gate disposed on the other base-surface of said chamber, and predisposed for feeding said air into said ambient, and being characterized by the fact that the axis of said first-entry-gate forms a second angle with the
  • Said first angle is opportunely comprised between 15° and 25°, and said second angle is comprised between 5° and 15°.
  • the distance between said axis of said lateral surface, and the point-of-intersection of said axis of the second gate with the plane that frontally delimits the gate itself is comprised between 20% and 35% of the diameter of said chamber.
  • the air demand-valve device of the invention - indicated in its complex whole with the reference numeral 1 is apt for being interposed between a compressed-air feeding breathing-tube 2 and an ambient (not shown) comprised, for example, by the space inside an anti-gas mask, into which breathable air has to be fed.
  • the device comprises a substantially cylindrical chamber 3, delimited by a lateral-wall 4 and a pair of substantially flat base-walls 5 and 6.
  • a membrane 7 which comprises a substantially flat base-wall 8 and a lateral-wall 9, that presents a plurality of corrugations apt for rendering said membrane substantially deformable in the direction of the axis of the chamber 3.
  • said membrane defines another chamber 10, which communicates with the atmosphere through one or several holes 11, made in the wall 5.
  • the device can comprise a spring 7a, disposed inside the membrane 7 and predisposed for exercising a prefixed axial-force on the flat wall 8.
  • the device comprises moreover, a first entry-gate 14 - that is apt for putting the tube 2 into communication with the chamber 3, and which is made substantially in the lateral-wall 4 which delimits said chamber, and a second exit-gate 15 - for putting the latter into communication with the internal ambient of the mask, and which is made in the base-wall 6 that also delimits the chamber itself.
  • a bush 16 Inside the entry-gate 14, there is disposed a bush 16, provided with a pair of axial holes 17 and 18 - of which the first is cylindrical and the second conical, as well as with a seat 19 having a substantially annular form, apt for housing the blocking-element 20 that is normally held against said seat by means of a spring 21 - interposed in-between the latter and another bush 22 that is screwed into a threaded- hole made inside the entry-gate 14 - as is clearly visible in FIG. 1.
  • the blocking-element 20 is made solidal with a rod 23 that goes through the holes 17 and 18, and whose extremity is provided with a stylus 24 apt for collaborating with the surface of the wall 8 of the membrane 9.
  • the axis of the first entry- gate 14 - indicated with a 1 in FIG. 1 forms a first angle ⁇ with the base-surfaces that delimit the chamber 23 and, in particular, with the surface of the flat wall 8 of the deformable membrane 9.
  • the axis of the second exit-gate 15, indicated with a 2 in Fig. 1 forms a second angle ⁇ , with the axis a of the chamber itself; the two axes, a and a 2 , lie substantially in the same diametrical plane of the chamber 3 - which coincides with that in the drawing of FIG. 1.
  • angles ⁇ and ⁇ are comprised respectively between 15° and 25° and between 5° and 15°.
  • the distance - between the axis a 0 of the chamber 13 and the intersection point C of the axis a 2 of the exit-gate 15 with the plane that frontally delimits the gate itself (and which has been indicated with 6 in FIG. 1) is comprised between 20% and 35 % of the diameter of said chamber.
  • the opening of the outlet 25 of the exit-gate 15 results as being substantially eccentric with respect to the axis a 0 of the chamber 3 - as clearly results in FIG. 1.
  • a substantially flat wall 29 Inside the chamber 3, and in the vicinity of the lead-in of the second gate 15, there is disposed a substantially flat wall 29.
  • the plane of said wall is substantially parallel to that of the axis a 0 and perpendicular to the plane that contains the axes a and a 2 respectively, of the gates 14 and 15.
  • the said wall comprises, for convenience sake, a rib 30, having the function of conveying the air-flow, as well as that of acting as a stiffening.
  • the half-opening of the conical surface - that delimits the second hole 18, downstream of the blocking-element 20, is comprised between 16° and 18°.
  • the ratio, between the axial length of the first and second hole 17 and 18, is comprised between 0.85 and 0.45; whereas, for convenience sake, the axial lengths of the holes themselves, are comprised between 4 and 6 mm and between 7 and 9 millimeters respectively.
  • the ratio between the diameter of the first hole 17 and its axial length is comprised between 0.85 and 1.32, and - for convenience sake, the diameter of the hole itself, is comprised between 5.1 and 5.3 mm.
  • a pressure that is slightly higher than atmospheric-pressure - for example: a pressure that has from 30-40 mm of water-column-height above said pressure.
  • a pressure inside the chamber 3 - and hence, in the ambient of the compressed-air breathing- apparatus into which breathable air must be introduced, offers a greater guarantee of safety for the user - since, under such conditions, there is impeded any infiltration of gases or vapours from the polluted surrounding atmosphere wherein the user happens to be.
  • the membrane 9 becomes disposed in a balanced position, depending upon the pressure value that exists inside the chamber 10 - which acts on one of the surfaces of the wall 8, and the above-said pressure that exists in the chamber 3 - which acts upon the other surface of the wall itself.
  • said 'balanced condition' becomes changed and the wall 8 of said membrane, shifts towards the stylus 24, determining the rotation of the rod 23 substantially in the plane of the drawing of FIG. 1, for controlling the opening of the blocking-element 20 - which substantially assumes the configuration illustrated in FIG. 3, whereby it leans just on a very restricted zone of the housing 19, with leaving free a part having prefixed dimensions, through which there is established an air-flow entry into the chamber 3.
  • a spring such as 7a - having suitable mechanical characteristics, which presses against the wall 8 of the membrane 7 (or some other such device for carrying out the same task), allows for obtaining - under static conditions, a slight overpressure, with respect to the surrounding atmosphere, downstream of the blocking-element - and hence, inside of the mask; which said overpressure becomes reduced during the act of inhalation and can also change its sign.
  • This functioning condition can also be defined as being "positive pressures".
  • the trajectory tract indicated with t 0' by which the above-said flow passes through chamber 3 - substantially in the transversal direction has a slightly inclined direction with respect to the plane of the wall, in such a sense as to draw away from it, so as to strike further surfaces inside of the chamber 3 and to come out from the exit-opening 15, through the means of a series of further reflections.
  • a trajectory of this type i.e. comprising a succession trajectory-tracts - none of which strike the wall 8 of the membrane 9, is the result of the form of the disposition of the various parts of the device and, in particular, of the relative position of the axes a and a 2 of the gates 14 and 15, defined by the angles ⁇ and ? , of the presence of the eccentricity presented by the exit-gate 25 of the gate 15 with respect to the axis a 0 (eccentricity E ), as well as by the form and the dimensions, defined previously, for the holes 14 and 17, downstream of the blocking-element 20.
  • first wall 29, inserted into the first position indicated inside of the chamber 3 also contributes for conveying the air-flow towards the exit-gate 15.
  • said wall can constitute the end-stop limiter, for the shifting-movement of the wall 8 of the membrane 9.
  • the action of said membrane on the blocking-element 20 is amplified in such a way as to achieve a minimum lowering of the pressure (or of the overpressures) existing inside the mask for the entire field of instantaneous respiratory intensity, as necessited by human physiology (upper limit about 300 1/min).
  • an air-flow having a very high capacity can be controlled, without any particular respiratory effors on the user's part. It has been found that, under particular functioning conditions of the device, involving trajectory tracts that tend to draw away from the membrane 8 (as was shown in the instance of FIGS. 3 and 4), there is even had a suction action upon the membrane, which can favour the opening of the blocking-element whenever very high air-flows must be supplied.
  • FIG. 5 there is indicated, with the curve A, the development of the pressure inside the chamber 3 as a function of the air-flows supplied.
  • a substantially constant pressure (no matter what the flow of air supplied may be) comprised within the range that concerns those applications to which the air demand-valve device of the invention is intended.
  • the above-said pressure tends to become lower, only in correspondence of the upper value limit of the above-said range of values - without however, creating a depression inside the mask to which the air-breathing device itself is connected.
  • the scales given on the left-hand side relate to a functioning-configuration with "positive pressures” (obtained through the presence of the spring 7a); whereas those given on the right-hand side, relate to a functioning-configuration with "negative pressures" (obtained without the spring 7a).
  • the air demand-valve device of the invention - apart from its presenting the favourable properties described previously, results as also being constructively very simple - because of its being constituted of a only a few elements that can easily be constructed and which do not require any restricted working tolerances. Hence, this device results as also being very reliable - seeing that it maintains, during the course of its usage, the favourable characteristics that have been previously described.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
EP84105511A 1983-05-19 1984-05-15 Ventil für einen Druckluftatmungsapparat Expired EP0126412B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT21176/83A IT1161848B (it) 1983-05-19 1983-05-19 Dispositivo erogatore d'aria per un autorespiratore
IT2117683 1983-05-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0126412A2 true EP0126412A2 (de) 1984-11-28
EP0126412A3 EP0126412A3 (en) 1986-03-19
EP0126412B1 EP0126412B1 (de) 1988-12-07

Family

ID=11177912

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84105511A Expired EP0126412B1 (de) 1983-05-19 1984-05-15 Ventil für einen Druckluftatmungsapparat

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0126412B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3475476D1 (de)
ES (1) ES532974A0 (de)
IT (1) IT1161848B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0212873A1 (de) * 1985-08-08 1987-03-04 Sabre Safety Limited Überdrucklungenautomat

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE611420C (de) * 1934-07-24 1935-03-27 Hermann Sandvoss Gasdruckregler
US3358680A (en) * 1962-06-13 1967-12-19 Spirotechnique Breathing apparatus with control means for the inhaled gas mixture
US3626974A (en) * 1969-08-12 1971-12-14 Ato Inc Demand regulator
US4253455A (en) * 1978-08-07 1981-03-03 A-T-O Inc. Breathing valve assembly with diaphragm control of the exhaust ports

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE107129C (de) *

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE611420C (de) * 1934-07-24 1935-03-27 Hermann Sandvoss Gasdruckregler
US3358680A (en) * 1962-06-13 1967-12-19 Spirotechnique Breathing apparatus with control means for the inhaled gas mixture
US3626974A (en) * 1969-08-12 1971-12-14 Ato Inc Demand regulator
US4253455A (en) * 1978-08-07 1981-03-03 A-T-O Inc. Breathing valve assembly with diaphragm control of the exhaust ports

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0212873A1 (de) * 1985-08-08 1987-03-04 Sabre Safety Limited Überdrucklungenautomat

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3475476D1 (en) 1989-01-12
IT1161848B (it) 1987-03-18
EP0126412A3 (en) 1986-03-19
ES8503253A1 (es) 1985-02-16
IT8321176A1 (it) 1984-11-19
ES532974A0 (es) 1985-02-16
EP0126412B1 (de) 1988-12-07
IT8321176A0 (it) 1983-05-19

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