EP0125389B1 - Device for the treatment of fluids - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/DE84/00085 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 19, 1984 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 19, 1984 PCT Filed Apr. 9, 1984 PCT Pub. No. WO84/04055 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 25, 1984.Described is an apparatus for treating materials which are capable of flow, comprising a container (1) which rotates about is central axis (5) which is inclined with respect to the vertical, with a wall and/or bottom scraper plate (2) which is arranged substantially stationarily with respect to the cylindrical inside wall of the container (1), a discharge opening (3) disposed in the bottom of the container (1) and a rotating tool (6) which engages into the material. To reduce the amount of power consumed, while giving good treatment effects, and to enhance the output of the machine, with respect to the available volume in the machine, it is proposed according to the invention, that the container (1) is driven at a sub-critical speed of rotation, the rotating tool (6) is arranged exclusively at the downstream side of the apex, that the space on the upstream side is free of fittings therein and that the scraper plate (2) is disposed in the vicinity of the apex of the container (1).

Description

The invention relates to a device for processing flowable materials with a container rotating around its central axis inclined to the solder, with a wall and / or floor scraper plate arranged essentially fixed with respect to the cylindrical inner wall of the container, with a discharge opening located in the bottom of the container and with a rotating tool engaging in the material.

A processing device of the type described above is already known in DE-C-20 03 201. There, however, the rotating container is driven at supercritical speed. It is such a speed that the centrifugal forces acting on the parts of the material are greater than the weight of the material parts. Due to the supercritical speed thus defined, centrifugal forces are exerted on the mix in such a way that it adheres to the cylindrical inner wall of the container. Therefore, a deflector is arranged stationary in the known mixing container, which cleans the wall and removes the treatment material from the action of the centrifugal forces by detaching the material from the inner wall of the container and directing it onto high-speed mixing tools. The known deflector also has a lower part that extends from the outer peripheral wall to the area of the discharge opening.

With such a preparation machine, it is disadvantageously necessary to achieve a good mixing effect that the / material particles to be mixed are shifted as intensively and frequently as possible. By applying the centrifugal force, however, the processing material is pressed firmly against the inner wall of the mixing container, so that there is increased internal friction. This reduces the movability and therefore the miscibility of the material.

The aforementioned diverter is also intended for the circulation of the mixed material. Because he has to pull off the material adhering to the inner wall of the container while overcoming the centrifugal force and deflect it towards the center of the container, he also acts as a brake for the rotating container, which on the one hand transports the pressed processing material against the deflector. The energy expenditure for driving the container is thereby relatively large.

The high-speed mixing tool is located in the inclined central axis of the container in its 111th or IVth quadrant, that is also in the region of the ascending material flow. This arrangement disrupts the upward flow of material in the container, with the result that there is substantially more material in the lower region of the container than in the upper region of the container. This unequal container filling means that the available mixing space in the upper part of the container is not used, so that the processing machine has only a small filling capacity in relation to the available volume and thus a lower processing capacity.

For mixed goods or processing materials with low internal friction, such as. B. powders or liquids, it is quite difficult to accelerate the treatment material by the container movement so that the desired flow of material in the treatment tank and the associated mixing or treatment effect is achieved in spite of the additionally opposing high-speed mixing tool.

Due to the uneven layer of the processing material in the container, problems also arise when steam or gases are introduced into the mixed material layer by means of pipe lances.

The object of the invention is therefore to improve a device of the type mentioned in such a way that the use of energy is reduced with good processing effects and an improvement in performance is achieved with a higher filling in terms of the available volume of the machine.

This object is achieved in that the container is driven at a subcritical speed, the rotating tool is only arranged downstream from the apex, the upstream space is consequently free of internals and that the wiper plate is arranged in the region of the apex of the container.

The drive of a mixing container with subcritical speed is of course already known per se. However, the construction of such mixers differs significantly from the processing device according to the invention with regard to the design of the machine, arrangement of the container center axis in space, arrangement of installation tools and machining effect. In the known processing and mixing machine, the supercritical speed of the mixing container was regarded as an essential requirement for achieving favorable processing results. By cleverly combining the new features of this invention mentioned above, however, better efficiency can be achieved using less power. By arranging the rotating tools in the downstream side, i. H. In the first and second quadrants of the rotating tank, the mixed material can rise unhindered on the upstream side towards the apex and distribute itself evenly in the tank.

Due to the even distribution of material, you can advantageously achieve a much higher filling of the container and can thereby increase the performance of the machine.

If you look at the rotating tools in the 11th Placed in quadrants, they are always evenly mixed with the mix, regardless of whether the mix is strongly promoted by the plate due to higher internal friction (loading from above) or whether the processing material due to lower internal friction in the initial phase less the container is conveyed.

The respective rotating tool, which is preferably arranged in the second quadrant, is very effectively supplied with processing material by the arrangement according to the invention in connection with the subcritical rotational speed of the container, because namely the kinetic energy of the processing material hitting the rotating tool is not only due to the rotational energy of the container is applied, which accelerates the processing material in the ascending area and allows it to strike with corresponding rotational energy, but there is also the gravity or the weight of the processing material.

In contrast to the known processing machine, it has an advantageous effect in the case of the inventive measures if the processing material does not have to be detached from the container by overcoming the centrifugal force pressure of the material on the inner wall of the container. Because the material flows through its own gravity, the scraper plate, which acts as a deflector, basically only has the task of cleaning the container wall and bottom and preferably directing the material to the discharge opening during the emptying phase. While in the known rendering engine that had to be subjected to material to be processed a sharp deflection and is pressed by force into the in the 111th or IV. Quadrant located rotating tool, he needs ^f indungs- according to the redirection is no longer to be made relatively sharp. In other words, the deflection is no longer used to prepare the filling material but primarily only for emptying. The resistance that the processing material experiences when the stripper plate flows past is obviously lower. This means that significantly less energy is used and less wear is generated.

The device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of bulk materials, such as those processed in the building materials industry, the ceramic and the chemical industry. In these areas of application, there are often mixes that change their flow behavior significantly during the mixing process. In the ceramic industry it is e.g. B. customary to knead a plastic mass from fine, wind-sighted clay powder and water. At the beginning of the mixing process, the two mixture components added are very flowable, while at the end of the mixing time they can be a sticky, plastic mass.

In the past, it was common to use different mixing and processing devices for such tasks, especially for pre-mixing and post-mixing.

On the other hand, the measures of the invention make it possible to process all mix consistencies without problems.

In an advantageous further embodiment of the invention, at least a part, preferably the lower section, of the stripper plate can be pivoted and locked about an axis parallel to the central axis of the container. In this way, a pivotably arranged deflector is created, so to speak, which is set during the mixing process, for example in the direction of rotation of the rotating container, and is only pivoted in for emptying. This has the advantage that the mix flow is not slowed down by the deflector during the mixing time.

Instead of providing a fixed position of the scraper plate at the beginning and another fixed position for emptying and locking the plate, the pivotable part of the scraper plate can also be adjusted in a controlled manner during the entire preparation time. This allows, for example, mixed material to be directed more or less strongly onto the mixing tools, for example the rotating tools, as desired. This means that the mix flow can always be automatically directed to the mixing tool so strongly that it constantly works with a previously selected motor load.

It is also advantageous according to the invention if two rotating tools are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the material flow and offset in the 1st and 11th quadrants in such a way that the downstream tool acts on the material space of the upstream tool. Whether the second rotating tool is offset from the first in the direction of flow and / or transversely to it or not, in any case it is due to the arrangement of two rotating tools, which are preferably each made somewhat smaller than if only a single rotating tool is used, possible to coat the entire surface of the container without having to take complex mechanical measures to record the entire treatment material.

If one arranges two rotating tools in an adjustable manner, then the treatment material between the tools can be subjected to hard processing as desired, or one tool can have the processing material transported into the space created by the other tool.

According to the invention, it is also expedient if, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the rotating tool has shorter blades in the radial direction in the lower region near the container bottom than in the upper region. For the definition of the term "below, it is assumed that the viewer looks into the container from above with the lid removed and the bottom with drawer opening at the bottom and the input opening «at the top. The emptying opening is intended to cooperate with the other tools installed in the container in order to achieve rapid emptying, so that the performance of the device according to the invention can be improved. In such a case, it is expedient if the lower blades of the rotating tool do not completely or to a large extent sweep over the emptying opening, because in the emptying phase the processed material is hindered when it emerges from the container. The above measures of the blades, which are shorter in the radial direction, promote this purpose.

It has been shown that the measures according to the invention, in particular the use of the subcritical speed in conjunction with the higher filling, make it possible to use more effective rotating tools than in the known devices of the type described at the outset. The rotating tools of the known device were the only ones Wreath of blades projecting in the axial direction at the end of a shaft, the blade ring at the end of the shaft being arranged in the region of the container base, possibly also at a certain distance from the container base. In any case, it was only possible with considerable constructive and energetic effort to use tools with several blade rings, because the power consumption of such a rotating tool would have been disproportionately large; if not even damage to the rotating tools would be feared.

However, the favorable combination of subcritical speed, adjustment of the scraper plate and design of the rotating tool with its expedient arrangement in the downstream area of the container unexpectedly allow the design of rotating tools with more than one blade ring, preferably 3 to 6. In the axial direction of the rotating shaft Tools are to be thought of 2 to 5 blade rings one above the other, the blades preferably projecting in the radial direction, possibly being inclined, so that their plane is set at an angle to a plane perpendicular to the shaft axis. According to the invention, the container is provided with a remarkably high filling, so that all the vane rings can work in the filling material and thus act very effectively. For example, a good vertical mixing effect is also achieved, i.e. H. a movement component of the treatment material in the direction of the shaft axis of the rotating tool.

By shortening the blades in the radial direction towards the container bottom, not only can the emptying opening be kept free so that the material to be treated can be emptied more quickly, but also a better energy distribution is achieved by the rotating tool on the treatment material. Because of its own weight, there is a greater material pressure in the lower area than in the upper area. The shorter design of the blades at the bottom than at the top has an inversely proportional effect, so that there is approximately the same energy consumption both at the bottom and at the top of the container, with the same wear and the same tool life.

The shorter configuration of the blades in the lower region of the container also advantageously creates the possibility that the deflecting part of the scraper plate, which is located in the vicinity of the container base, is given a larger coating area. This deflector part of the scraper plate can preferably be made longer because it has more space in the vicinity of the container bottom due to the reduction in the radial effective area of the rotating tool. As a result, emptying can also be carried out at a low cost if the deflecting part of the scraper plate extends as far as the rear edge (viewed in the direction of rotation of the container) of the emptying opening, because the entire material to be treated is gripped and yet a too sharp deflection of the material flow is avoided (This position of the deflector is shown in the first quadrant in FIG. 1). If you have a better material flow to the emptying opening, there is less congestion, faster emptying and consequently the advantage that you have a shorter emptying time and a longer preparation time with the same mixer playing time (or batch time) and the performance is improved as desired .

• Figur 1 schematisch die Draufsicht auf einen als Kreis gezeigten Aufbereitungsbehälter zur Definition der Quadranten und der Uhrzeigerpositionen, wobei unter Aufbereitung in Verbindung mit den Ausführungsbeispielen das Mischen verstanden wird,
• Figur 2 eine ebenfalls schematische Seitenansicht von rechts der Fig. 1 zur Definition der Uhrzeigerpositionen,
• Figur 3 eine Draufsicht auf eine erste Ausführungsform einer Mischmaschine mit einem rotierenden Werkzeug und stationärer Abstreiferplatte,
• Figur 4 eine ähnliche Draufsicht wie Fig. 3, jedoch von einer zweiten Ausführungsform mit zwei rotierenden Werkzeugen, deren Drehachsen im wesentlichen auf der Trennungslinie zwischen dem I. und 11. Quadranten nebeneinander angeordnet sind,
• Figur 5 die teilweise aufgebrochen gezeigte Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung der Fig. 3 von links,
• Figur 6 eine teilweise aufgebrochene Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung der Fig. 4 von links,
• Figur 7 eine ähnliche schematische Darstellung wie in Fig. 1, wobei zwei rotierende Werkzeuge in Strömungsrichtung des Materialflusses hintereinander und versetzt angeordnet sind,
• Figur 8 die Draufsicht auf eine weitere andere Ausführungsform einer Mischmaschine ähnlich der der Fig. 4 mit verstellbarer Abstreiferplatte und
• Figur 9 eine weitere schematische Darstellung ähnlich den Fig. 1 und 7, jedoch mit anders angestellter Abstreiferplatte unter Darstellung des Materialflusses in einer Mischmaschine der ersten Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 3 und 5.

Further advantages, features and possible uses of the present invention result from the following description in conjunction with the drawings. Show it :

• FIG. 1 schematically, the top view of a processing container shown as a circle for defining the quadrants and the clock hand positions, processing being understood in connection with the exemplary embodiments to mean mixing,
• FIG. 2 shows a likewise schematic side view from the right of FIG. 1 for the definition of the clock hand positions,
• FIG. 3 shows a top view of a first embodiment of a mixing machine with a rotating tool and stationary scraper plate,
• FIG. 4 shows a plan view similar to FIG. 3, but of a second embodiment with two rotating tools, the axes of rotation of which are arranged side by side essentially on the dividing line between the 1st and 11th quadrants,
• FIG. 5 shows the side view, partially broken away, of the device of FIG. 3 from the left,
• 6 shows a partially broken side view of the device of FIG. 4 from the left,
• Figure 7 is a similar schematic representation as in Fig. 1, with two rotating Tools are arranged one behind the other and offset in the direction of flow of the material flow,
• 8 shows the top view of a further different embodiment of a mixing machine similar to that of FIG. 4 with an adjustable scraper plate and
• FIG. 9 shows a further schematic illustration similar to FIGS. 1 and 7, but with a different wiper plate, showing the material flow in a mixing machine of the first embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 5.

To improve the description of the devices shown in FIGS. 3 to 8 and to define the individual layers of machine elements, FIGS. 1 and 2 are first considered.

In Fig. 1, the viewer looks in the direction of the central axis 5 of the processing container 1, which is therefore represented as a circle around the center 5. If the container 1 rotates in the direction of the circular arrows shown, the central axis 5 being set at an angle of 20 ° to 80 °, preferably 45 ° to 75 °, then the apex results at 24 in the 12 o'clock position 2, which represents the upper part on the right.

The scraper plate 2, which essentially consists of two plate parts, also starts in this area, as can be seen in FIG. 2. One plate part is as narrow as the other, but runs on the inside of the cylindrical container wall parallel to the central axis 5; while the other plate part extends perpendicularly to the area of the discharge opening 3. 1, 2 and 7, the wiper plate 2 is shown in one piece. But it can also be two plate parts fastened to one another or even pivotable relative to one another, such as, for. B. can be seen with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9.

In Fig. 1, the 1st and 2nd quadrants are to the right of the line 6 a.m. to 12 p.m., this being the downstream side from the apex 24; and on the opposite side of the line from 6 a.m. to 12 p.m. are the 111th and IVth quadrants, the respective boundary lines between the 1st and 11th and between the 111th and IVth quadrants the line from 3 a.m. to Is 9 o'clock.

With this model of thinking, the representation of FIGS. 3 and 4 is better understood. FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a mixing machine, the rotating container 1 of which is stored in the machine frame 9 via bearings 17 (FIG. 5) and driven by the friction wheel 8. The stripper plate 2 is arranged on the holding arm 4 as a fastening point for the deflector. In the 11th quadrant is the central axis 5 'of the large rotating tool 6, which runs parallel to the central axis 5 of the container 1. The dash-dotted circular line 6 with the arrow shows the direction of rotation of the rotating tool 6, which is at the point closest to the inner wall of the container 1 is opposite to the direction of container rotation. The rotating tool 6 is held by an arm 25 which, like the drive motor 7 of the rotating tool 6, is supported on the machine frame 26.

A lower machine room 19 represents the general holder for the container 1 and its drives. The motor 27 drives the friction wheel 8, and the scraper plate 2 is provided such that it can be adjusted via the holding arm 4.

The rotating tool 6 consists of a composite shaft 18, along which mixing or comminuting blades 28 are arranged one above the other, so that practically the entire filling volume of the container 1 can be coated. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the blades arranged at the lower free end of the shaft 18 are seen radially shorter than the middle one and these in turn are radially shorter than the upper one.

The discharge opening 3 is closed by a closure cover 16 which shows the closed position in the dashed position and the open position in the dash-dotted position. The fulcrum for opening and closing this cover 16 is designated 29.

The embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 6 is very similar to that of FIGS. 3 and 5, however, instead of a large rotating tool 6, two small tools 14 and 15 are used, the central axes 10 and 11 of which on the dividing line between the 1st and 11th Quadrants, d. H. are arranged side by side in the flow direction of the material in the container 1. Instead of a frame, two frames 26 and 30 are shown here for the arrangement of the two rotating tools 14 and 15; correspondingly also two drive motors 12 and 13.

Also in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the smaller rotating tool 14 or 15 consists of a few radial blades 31 arranged at a distance along the shaft 18, the radial dimensions of which are smaller and equal to one another in relation to that of the blades 28 of FIG. 5.

Another arrangement of the two rotating tools with the central axes 21 and 22 is to be illustrated in FIG. 7. One rotating tool A is connected upstream and the other tool B is connected downstream in the direction of flow of the treatment material. The central axis 21 of the first tool A is in the 1st quadrant, the central axis 22 of the second tool B is in the 11th quadrant. In the area of the discharge opening 3, a dashed free space 23 is drawn, into which the downstream and also offset second tool B works.

The schematically shown deflector scraper plate 2 is positioned transversely in the direction of the material flow, as is desired, for example, when emptying.

8 shows a device similar to FIG. 4, in which the two tools A and B, however, are somewhat different with regard to the flow direction of the material flow are set. Here you can clearly see the hydraulic cylinder 20 acting as the drive of the deflector for the movement of the stripper plates 2. The holding arm 4 is, so to speak, a fulcrum between an immovable part of the stripper plate 2, which extends essentially parallel to the central axis 5 of the container 1, ie towering part of the L-shaped deflector. The other part of the stripper plate 2, which is shown curved in this embodiment of FIG. 8, is small in the direction of the central axis 5, extends as the other leg of the L of the stripper plate 2 along the bottom of the container 1, which is denoted by 32. This arcuate stripper plate is over the angle a from the dash-dotted to the dashed position and pivoted back. Depending on the activation of the hydraulic cylinder 20, an ongoing control during operation or a fixed position can be preset.

In operation, for example, the flow conditions in FIG. 9 result. The mix is conveyed from the apex 24 in the clockwise direction into the first quadrant without further interference by the lower, arc-shaped part of the stripper plate 2. Part of the processing material is deflected, while another part, in particular in the upper material layers, flows over the deflector, the stripper plate 2 in the direction of the plate wall. The material flow running in the clockwise direction in quadrant I is cut transversely by the rotating tool 6. A part of the mix is not detected by the tool 6 and continues its path according to the direction of rotation of the container 1, such as. B. is indicated by the arrows 33. These material flows continue their way according to the direction of rotation of the container in quadrant II and through it to quadrant III. The various divided mix flows then meet again in the border area between quadrants II and 111, so that a material flow according to the curved arrows 34 results.

Since quadrants 111 and IV are free of internals, the material can flow upwards in the direction of arrows 35 until the cycle begins again.

Due to the different positioning of the arcuate part of the scraper plate 2 according to FIG. 8, more or less mixed material can be supplied to the two rotating tools 14 or A and 15 or B or the emptying opening 3 provided in the case of FIG. 8.

Claims (4)

1. Apparatus for preparing materials which are capable of flow, comprising a container (1) which rotates about its centre axis (5) which is inclined with respect to the vertical, having a wall and/or bottom scraper plate (2) which is arranged substantially stationary with respect to the cylindrical inside wall of the container (1), a discharge opening (3) disposed in the bottom (32) of the container (1), and at least one tool (6, 14, 15 or A, B) which engages into the material and which rotates about itself, characterised in that the container (1) is driven at a sub-critical speed of rotation, the rotating tool (6 ; 14, 15) is arranged, relative to the diametral plane through the point at which the inclined bottom of the container is most remote from the horizontal (« apex •), only in the downstream-side semicylindrical space in the container, that the upstream-side semicylindrical space is free of installation components therein and that the scraper plate (2) is arranged in the region of the apex (24) of the container (1).

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 characterised in that at least a portion of the scraper plate (2) can be pivoted about an axis (4) parallel to the centre axis (5) of the container, and locked.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that two rotating tools (14, 15) are arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow of the stream of material and in displaced relationship in the downstream-side semicylindrical space of the container in such a way that the downstream tool (15) acts in the material free space (23) of the upstream tool (14).

4. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterised in that in the lower region adjacent to the bottom of the container, the rotating tool (6) has shorter blades (28) in the radial direction, than in the upper region.

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