EP0139729A1

EP0139729A1 - Apparatus for the preparation of flowing materials

Info

Publication number: EP0139729A1
Application number: EP84901737A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Willi Eirich
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1983-04-09
Filing date: 1984-04-09
Publication date: 1985-05-08
Also published as: DE3312869C2; DK166068C; AU565722B2; US4611922A; JPH0155894B2; MX158528A; ES530505A0; EP0125389B1; BR8401608A; DK105384A; DK166068B; ZA84783B; CA1234098A; WO1984004055A1; DE3312869A1; ATE28582T1; AU2642484A; DK105384D0; ES8504475A1; EP0125389A1

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/DE84/00085 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 19, 1984 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 19, 1984 PCT Filed Apr. 9, 1984 PCT Pub. No. WO84/04055 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 25, 1984.Described is an apparatus for treating materials which are capable of flow, comprising a container (1) which rotates about is central axis (5) which is inclined with respect to the vertical, with a wall and/or bottom scraper plate (2) which is arranged substantially stationarily with respect to the cylindrical inside wall of the container (1), a discharge opening (3) disposed in the bottom of the container (1) and a rotating tool (6) which engages into the material. To reduce the amount of power consumed, while giving good treatment effects, and to enhance the output of the machine, with respect to the available volume in the machine, it is proposed according to the invention, that the container (1) is driven at a sub-critical speed of rotation, the rotating tool (6) is arranged exclusively at the downstream side of the apex, that the space on the upstream side is free of fittings therein and that the scraper plate (2) is disposed in the vicinity of the apex of the container (1).

Description

Device for processing flowable materials

The invention relates to a device for preparing flowable materials with a container rotating around its central axis inclined to the solder, with a wall and / or floor scraper plate arranged essentially fixed with respect to the cylindrical inner wall of the container, with a discharge opening located in the bottom of the container and with a rotating tool engaging in the material.

A processing device of the type described above is already known in DE-PS 20 03 201. There, however, the rotating container is driven at supercritical speed. It is such a speed that the centrifugal forces acting on the parts of the material are greater than the weight of the material parts. Due to the supercritical speed thus defined, centrifugal forces are exerted on the mix in such a way that it adheres to the cylindrical inner wall of the container. Therefore, a deflector is arranged stationary in the known mixing container, which cleans the wall and removes the treatment material from the action of the centrifugal forces in that it detaches the material from the inner wall of the container and directs it to fast-moving mixing tools. The known deflector also has a lower part that extends from the outer peripheral wall to the area of the discharge opening.

With such a processing machine, it is disadvantageously necessary to achieve a good mixing effect that the material particles to be mixed would be shifted against one another as intensively and frequently as possible. By applying the centrifugal force, however, the processing material is pressed firmly against the inner wall of the mixing container, so that there is increased internal friction. This reduces the movability and therefore the miscibility of the material.

The deflector mentioned is also provided for the circulation of the mixed material. Because it has to pull off the material adhering to the inner wall of the container while overcoming the centrifugal force and deflect it towards the center of the container, it also acts as a brake for the rotating container, which on the one hand transports the pressed processing material against the deflector. The energy expenditure for driving the container is thereby. relatively large.

The fast-moving mixing tool is located in the III inclined center axis of the container. or IV. quadrants, ie also in the area of the ascending material flow. This arrangement disrupts the upward flow of material in the container, with the result that there is significantly more material in the lower region of the container than in the upper region of the container. This unequal container filling means that the available mixing space in the upper part of the container is not used, so that the processing machine has only a small filling capacity in relation to the available volume and thus a lower processing capacity.

For mixed goods or processing materials with low internal friction, e.g. Powders or liquids, it is quite difficult to accelerate the treatment material by moving the container in such a way that the desired flow of material in the preparation container and the associated mixing or preparation effect is achieved in spite of the additionally counteracting high-speed mixing tool.

Due to the uneven layer of the processing material in the Containers also have problems with the introduction of steam or gases into the mix layer using pipe lances.

The object of the invention is therefore to improve a device of the type mentioned in such a way that the use of energy is reduced with good preparation effects and an improvement in performance is achieved in terms of the available volume of the machine by a higher filling.

This object is achieved in that the container is driven at a subcritical speed, the rotating tool is arranged exclusively downstream from the apex, the upstream space is consequently free of internals and that the stripper plates are arranged near the apex of the container.

The drive of a mixing container with subcritical speed is of course already known. However, the construction of such mixers differs considerably from the processing device according to the invention with regard to the design of the machine, arrangement of the container center axis in space, arrangement of installation tools and machining effect. In the known processing and mixing machine, the supercritical speed of the mixing container has been regarded as an essential requirement for achieving favorable processing results. By cleverly combining the new features of this invention mentioned above, however, better efficiency can be achieved using less power. Due to the arrangement of the rotating tools on the downstream side, ie in the 1st and 2nd quadrants of the rotating container, the mixed material can rise unhindered on the upstream side towards the apex and distribute itself evenly in the container. Due to the even distribution of material, you can advantageously achieve a much higher filling of the container and can thus increase the performance of the machine.

If you place the rotating tools in the 2nd quadrant, they are always loaded evenly with the mix, regardless of whether the mix is strongly conveyed through the plate due to higher internal friction (loading from above) or whether the preparation material due to less inner friction is less promoted by the container in the initial phase.

The respective rotating tool, which is preferably arranged in the second quadrant, is very effectively supplied with processing material by the arrangement according to the invention in connection with the subcritical speed of rotation of the container, because the kinetic energy of the processing material hitting the rotating tool is not only due to the rotational energy of the container is applied, which accelerates the processing material in the ascending area and allows it to strike with appropriate rotational energy, but there is also the gravity or the weight of the processing material.

In contrast to the known processing machine, it has an advantageous effect in the case of the inventive measures if the processing material does not have to be detached from the container by overcoming the centrifugal force pressure of the material on the inner wall of the container. Because the material flows through its own gravity, the scraper plate, which acts as a deflector, basically only has the task of cleaning the container wall and bottom and preferably directing the material to the discharge opening during the emptying phase. While in the known processing machine the material to be processed is subjected to a sharp deflection and with great effort into the III. or IV. quadrant located rotating tool had to be pressed, the deflection according to the invention no longer needs to be comparatively sharp. In other words, the deflection is no longer used to prepare the filling material but primarily only for emptying. As a result, the resistance that the processing material experiences when the stripper plate flows past is evidently lower. This means that considerably less energy is used and less wear is generated.

The device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of bulk materials, such as those processed in the building materials industry, the ceramic and the chemical industry. In these areas of application, there are often mixes that change their flow behavior significantly during the mixing process. In the ceramic industry it is e.g. It is customary to knead a plastic mass from fine, wind-sighted clay powder and water. At the beginning of the mixing process, the two mixture components added are very flowable, while at the end of the mixing time they can form a sticky, plastic mass.

In the past, it was common to use different mixing and processing devices for such tasks, especially for pre-mixing and post-mixing.

On the other hand, the measures of the invention make it possible to process all mix consistencies without problems.

In an advantageous further embodiment of the invention, at least a part, preferably the lower section, of the stripper plate can be pivoted and locked about an axis parallel to the central axis of the container. To this Way is a pivotally arranged, so to speak. Deflector created, which is placed during the mixing process, for example in the direction of rotation of the rotating container and is only pivoted in for emptying. This has the advantage that the mix flow is not slowed down by the deflector during the mixing time.

Instead of providing a fixed position of the scraper plate at the beginning and another fixed position for emptying and locking the plate, the pivotable part of the scraper plate can also be adjusted in a controlled manner during the entire preparation time. This allows, for example, mixed material to be directed more or less strongly onto the mixing tools, for example the rotating tools, as desired. This means that the mix flow can always be automatically directed to the mixing tool so strongly that it constantly works with a previously selected motor load.

It is also advantageous according to the invention if two rotating tools are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the material flow and offset in the 1st and 2nd quadrants in such a way that the downstream tool acts on the material space of the upstream tool. Whether the second rotating tool is offset from the first in the direction of flow and / or transversely to it or not, in any case it is due to the arrangement of two rotating tools, which are preferably each made somewhat smaller than if only a single rotating tool is used, possible to coat the entire container bottom surface without having to take complex mechanical measures to record the entire treatment material.

If you arrange two rotating tools in an adjustable manner, you can place the treatment material between the tools subject to hard processing as desired, or one tool can have the processing material transported into the space created by the other tool.

According to the invention, it is also expedient if, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the rotating tool has shorter blades in the radial direction in the lower region near the container bottom than in the upper region. For the definition of the term "below" it is assumed that the viewer looks into the container from above with the lid removed and assumes the bottom with emptying opening below and the entry opening "above". The emptying opening is intended to cooperate with the other tools installed in the container in order to achieve rapid emptying, so that the performance of the device according to the invention can be improved. In such a case, it is expedient if the lower blades of the rotating tool do not completely or to a large extent sweep over the emptying opening, because in the emptying phase the processed material is hindered from exiting the container. The above measures of the blades, which are shorter in the radial direction, promote this purpose.

It has been shown that the measures according to the invention, in particular the use of the subcritical speed in conjunction with the higher filling, make it possible to use more effective rotating tools than in the known devices of the type mentioned at the outset. The rotating tools of the known device were the only ones Wreath of blades projecting in the axial direction at the end of a shaft, the blade ring at the end of the shaft being arranged in the region of the container bottom, possibly also at a certain distance from the

Tank bottom. In any case, it was only possible with considerable constructive and energetic effort to use tools with several shovel rings because of the lei power consumption of such a rotating tool would have been disproportionately large; if not even damage to the rotating tools would be feared.

However, the favorable combination of subcritical speed, adjustment of the scraper plate and design of the rotating tool with its expedient arrangement in the downstream area of the container unexpectedly allow the design of rotating tools with more than one blade ring, preferably 3 to 6. In the axial direction of the shaft of the rotating Tools are therefore to be thought of 2 to 5 blade rings one above the other, the blades preferably projecting in the radial direction, possibly inclined, so that their plane is set at an angle to a plane perpendicular to the shaft axis. According to the invention, the container is provided with a remarkably high filling, so that all the vane rings can work in the filling material and thus act very effectively. For example, a good vertical mixing effect is also achieved, i.e. a movement component of the treatment material in the direction of the shaft axis of the rotating tool.

By shortening the blades in the radial direction towards the bottom of the container, not only can the emptying opening be kept free, so that the material to be treated can be emptied more quickly, but also a better energy distribution is achieved by the rotating tool on the treatment material. Because of its own weight, there is a larger one in the lower area

Material pressure than in the upper area. The shorter design of the blades at the bottom than at the top has an inversely proportional effect, so that there is approximately the same energy consumption both at the bottom and at the top in the container, with the same wear and the same tool life.

The shorter design of the blades in the lower area of the container also advantageously creates the possibility that the deflecting part of the stripper plate, which is located in the vicinity of the container body, receives a larger coating area. This deflector part of the stripper plate can preferably be made longer, because it has more space in the vicinity of the container bottom due to the reduction in the radial effective area of the rotating tool. As a result, emptying can in turn also be carried out cheaply if the deflecting part of the scraper plate extends as far as the rear edge (viewed in the direction of rotation of the container) of the emptying opening because the entire material to be treated is gripped and yet a too sharp deflection of the material flow is avoided (This position of the deflector is shown in the 1st quadrant in FIG. 1). If you have a better material flow towards the emptying opening, there is less congestion, faster emptying and consequently the advantage that you have a shorter emptying time and a longer preparation time with the same mixer playing time (or charging time) and thus the performance is improved as desired .

Further advantages, features and possible uses of the present invention will become apparent from the following description in conjunction with the drawings. Show it:

1 schematically shows the top view of a processing container shown as a circle for defining the quadrants and the clock hand positions, processing being understood in connection with the exemplary embodiments to mean mixing,

2 is also a schematic side view of FIG. 1 for the definition of the clock hand positions,

Fig. 3 is a plan view of a first embodiment of a mixing machine with a rotating tool and stationary scraper plate,

4 shows a plan view similar to FIG. 3, but of a second embodiment with two rotating tools, the axes of rotation of which are arranged side by side essentially on the dividing line between the 1st and 2nd quadrants,

5 shows the side view, partially broken away, of the device of FIG. 3 from the left,

6 is a partially broken side view of the device of FIG. 4 from the left,

Fig. 7 is a similar schematic representation as in

1, wherein two rotating tools are arranged one behind the other and offset in the direction of flow of the material flow,

Fig. 8 is a plan view of another embodiment of a mixing machine similar to that of FIG. 4 with an adjustable scraper plate and

9 shows a further schematic illustration similar to FIGS. 1 and 7, but with a different wiper plate, showing the material flow in a mixing machine of the first embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 5.

In order to improve the possibility of describing the devices shown in FIGS. 3 to 8 and to define the individual layers of machine elements, FIGS. 1 and 2 are considered first.

In Fig. 1, the viewer looks in the direction of the central axis 5 of the processing container 1, which thus presents itself as a circle around the center 5. The turns Container 1 in the direction of the circular arrows shown, the central axis 5 being set against the plumb at an angle of 20 ° to 80 °, preferably 45 ° to 75 °, then at 24 in the 12 o'clock position the apex results which corresponds to Fig. 2 shows the upper part on the right.

The scraper plate 2, which essentially consists of two plate parts, also comes into play in this area, as can be seen in FIG. 2. One plate part is as narrow as the other, but runs on the inside of the cylindrical container wall parallel to the central axis 5; while the other plate part extends perpendicularly to the area of the discharge opening 3. 1, 2 and 7, the wiper plate 2 is shown in one piece. However, it can also be two plate parts fastened to one another or even pivotable relative to one another, such as e.g. 8 and 9 can be seen.

In Fig. 1 to the right of the line 6 a.m. to 12 p.m. the I and II quadrants are located, this being the downstream side from the apex 24; and on the opposite side of the line from 6 a.m. to 12 p.m. are III. and IV quadrant, the respective boundary lines between the 1st and 2nd and between the 4th and 4th quadrants being the line from 3:00 to 9:00.

With this thinking model, the representation of FIGS. 3 and 4 is better understood. FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a mixing machine, the rotating container 1 of which is stored in the machine frame 9 via bearings 17 (FIG. 5) and driven by the friction wheel 8. The stripper plate 2 is arranged on the holding arm 4 as a fastening point for the deflector. In the II. Quadrant lies the central axis 5 'of the large rotating tool 6, which runs parallel to the central axis 5 of the container 1. The dash-dotted circular line 6 with the arrow shows the direction of rotation of the rotating tool 6, which is at the point closest to the inner wall of the container 1 is opposite to the direction of rotation of the container. The rotating tool 6 is held by an arm 25 which, like the drive motor 7 of the rotating tool 6, is supported on the machine stand 26. A lower machine room 19 represents the general holder for the container 1 and its drives. The motor 27 drives the friction wheel 8, and the scraper plate 2 is provided such that it can be adjusted via the holding arm 4.

The rotating tool 6 consists of a composite shaft 18, along the respective mixing or spacing from each other. Comminution blades 28 are arranged one above the other so that practically the entire filling volume of the container 1 can be coated. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the blades arranged at the lower free end of the shaft 18 are seen radially shorter than the middle one and these in turn are radially shorter than the upper one.

The discharge opening 3 is closed by a closure lid 16 which shows the closed position in the dashed position and the open position in the dash-dotted position. The fulcrum for opening and closing this cover 16 is designated 29.

The embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 6 is very similar to that of FIGS. 3 and 5, however, instead of a large rotating tool 6, two small tools 14 and 15 are used, the central axes 10 and 11 of which on the dividing line between the I. and II Quadrants, ie are arranged side by side in the flow direction of the material in the container 1. Instead of a frame, two frames 26 and 30 are shown here for the arrangement of the two rotating tools 14 and 15; correspondingly also two drive motors 12 and 13.

Also in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the smaller rotating tool 14 or 15 consists of a few radial blades 31 arranged at a distance along the shaft 18 ′, the radial dimensions of which are in relation to that of the blades 28 Fig. 5 is smaller and equal to each other.

Another arrangement of the two rotating tools with the central axes 21 and 22 is to be illustrated in FIG. 4. One rotating tool A is connected upstream and the other tool B is connected downstream in the direction of flow of the treatment material. The central axis 21 of the first tool A is in the first quadrant, the central axis 22 of the second tool B is in the second quadrant. In the area of the discharge opening 3, a dashed free space 23 is drawn, into which the downstream and also offset second tool B works.

The schematically shown deflector 2 is positioned transversely in the direction of the material flow, as is desired, for example, when emptying.

FIG. 8 shows a device similar to FIG. 4, in which the two tools A and B are set somewhat differently with regard to the direction of flow of the material flow. Here you can clearly see the hydraulic cylinder 20 acting as the drive of the deflector for the movement of the stripper plates 2. The holding arm 4 is, so to speak, a fulcrum between an immovable part of the stripper plate 2, which extends essentially parallel to the central axis 5 of the container 1, ie towering part of the L-shaped deflector. The other part of the stripper plate 2, which is shown curved in this embodiment of FIG. 8, is small in the direction of the central axis 5, extends as the other leg of the L of the stripper plate 2 along the bottom of the container 1, which is denoted by 32. This arcuate stripper plate is over the angle α from the dash-dotted to the dashed position and pivoted back. Depending on the activation of the hydraulic cylinder 20, an ongoing control during operation or a fixed position can be preset. In operation, for example, the flow conditions in FIG. 9 are obtained

Disturbance promoted by the lower, arcuate part of the stripper plate 2 from the apex 24 clockwise in the first quadrant. A part of the processing material is deflected, while another part, in particular in the upper material layers, flows over the deflector 2 in the direction of the plate wall. The material flow running in the clockwise direction in quadrant I is cut transversely by the rotating tool 6. A part of the mix is not grasped by the tool 6 and continues its path according to the direction of rotation of the container 1, e.g. is indicated by the two arrows 33. These material flows continue their way in accordance with the direction of rotation of the container in quadrant II and through this to quadrant III. The various divided mix flows then meet again in the border area between quadrants II and III, so that there is a material flow in accordance with the curved arrows 34.

Since quadrants III and IV are free of internals, the material can flow upwards in the direction of arrows 35 until the cycle begins again.

Due to the different positioning of the arcuate part of the scraper plate 2 according to FIG. 8, more or less mixed material can be supplied to the two rotating tools 14 or A and 15 or B provided in the case of FIG. 8 or the emptying opening 3.

Claims

Patent claims

1. Device for preparing flowable materials with a container (1) rotating around its central axis (5) inclined to the solder, with a wall and / or floor scraper plate (2) arranged essentially fixed with respect to the cylindrical inner wall of the container (1) discharge opening (3) located in the bottom (32) of the container (1) and with a rotating tool (6, 14, 15 or A, B) engaging in the material, characterized in that the container (1) has a subcritical speed is driven, the rotating tool (6; 14, 15) is arranged exclusively on the downstream side (in the 1st and / or 2nd quadrant) from the apex (24) is that the upstream space (III. and IV. Quadrant) is free of internals and that the scraper plate (2) is arranged near the apex (24) of the container (1).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the stripper plate (2) about an axis parallel to the container central axis (5) (4) is pivotable and lockable.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that two rotating tools (14, 15) in the flow direction of the material flow one behind the other and offset in such a way in the 1st and 2nd quadrants that the downstream tool (15) the material free space (23rd ) of the upstream tool (14).

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotating tool (6) in the lower region near the bottom of the container in the radial direction has shorter blades (28) than in the upper region.