Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
  • C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
  • C12H1/02—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
  • C12H1/00—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages
  • C12H1/02—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material
  • C12H1/04—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material
  • C12H1/0408—Pasteurisation, sterilisation, preservation, purification, clarification, or ageing of alcoholic beverages combined with removal of precipitate or added materials, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of ion-exchange material or inert clarification material, e.g. adsorption material with the aid of inorganic added material

Definitions

• This invention relates to chill-proofing beverages such as beer while preventing contamination of the beer with metal ions.
• the invention involves a combination of chill-proofing agents and an amorphous magnesium silicate.
• malt beverages include, but are not limited to, lager, pilsner, Dortmund and Kunststoff beer, as well as top fermented beverages such as ale, porter and stout.
• Turbidity is an important and troublesome problem encountered in brewing operations and can be of biological or physico-chemical origins. Gross turbidity effects are overcome by filtering and/or other physical methods. Secondary and more subtle turbidity problems involve the haze which develops on aging and/or chilling the beer. This haze is caused by the coagulation of certain organic materials in the beer. Numerous inorganic and organic substances can be used to adsorb the materials that combine to form the haze so that they can be separated from the beer prior to packaging. Organic adsorbents may contain factors that are dissolved in the beer so that they are often rejected.
• Inorganic adsorbents and filter aids are effective in reducing or eliminating chill haze, but they may contain small quantities of metals that are soluble in beer and contaminate it. Such dissolved metals may de-stabilize colloidal constituents of beer, inducing lower quality. High dissolved iron levels affect beer quality and shelf life.
• a number of inorganic adsorbents are used with filter aids in processes to remove materials that cause chill haze.
• Silica hydrogels and xerogels, calcium aluminum and magnesium silicates, diatomaceous earth, several types of natural minerals and clays and mixtures thereof have been suggested and used as chill-proofing agents.
• U.S. Patents that disclose such art include 3,163,538; 3,251,693; 3,436,225; 3,617,301; 3,940,498 and 3,958,023. Nearly all these materials originally contain metals or would pick up metals, particularly iron, during processing. At least a portion of these metals can be dissolved in beer, which is mildly acid, resulting in a loss of quality.
• Inorganic chill-proofing agents that have a small amount of amorphous magnesium silicate added exhibit reduced levels of beverage- or beer-soluble metals.
• the inorganic chill-proofing agents are usually silica- containing adsorbents, the most useful agent being a silica hydrogel with a large surface area.
• a surprisingly small amount of the magnesium silicate less than 6 parts by weight (pbw) per 100 pbw of the chill-proofing agent, can reduce the apparent metal contaminant level from significant levels, such as 15 to 50 ppm or more, to less than 10 ppm. Such reductions are about 5 times better than results obtained using other agents for the reduction of the beer- or beverage-soluble metals, usually iron. Results supporting these ideas are found in the examples.
• the magnesium silicate is useful in reducing beer-soluble metals even when the chill-proofing agent is used with a filter aid that can contain such metals.
• any inorganic chill-proofing agents benefit from being used with the magnesium silicate according to our' invention.
• Such siliceous chill-proofing agents that contain up to 50 ppm or more of metals such as iron especially benefit from use with the magnesium silicate.
• the preparation and properties of this hydrogel are disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,617,301. This . patent is hereby incorporated by reference.
• the silica gel magnesium silicate combination according to our invention can be used with filter aids.
• Amorphous and porous magnesium silicate is required to reduce the beverage-soluble metal levels of inorganic siliceous chill-proofing agents or such chill-proofing agents used with filter aids.
• Such silicates are articles of commerce and can be prepared in a number of ways such as ion exchange of magnesium for the metals of other insoluble silicates; precipitation formed upon the contact of a magnesium salt and a source of silicate ions in aqueous medium; and ion exchange of magnesium ions onto previously prepared precipitated or gelled silica followed by washing, dewatering and drying steps to provide the appropriate silicate.
• U.S. Patents 2,163,525 and 2,163,526 describe ion exchange methods, while U.S.
• Patents 2,241,791 and 2,393,625 describe direct precipitation from a source of silicate and a magnesium salt.
• U.S. Patents 1,999,210 and 2,498,353 also describe methods of preparing useful silicates. Meinhold, et al, "Magnesium Silicate--via Synthetic Route," Chemical Processing, June 1960, p. 36, reviews appropriate methods as well. These methods may be employed to prepare magnesium silicates that function to reduce the apparent level of beverage-soluble metals of combinations of the silicate and the chill-proofing agents or combinations of the silicate, chill-proofing agents and filter aids. Satisfactory materials are available from the Pilot Engineering Division of Reagent Chemical and Research, Inc. While nearly all amorphous and porous magnesium silicates that contain more than about 5% of magnesium oxide are effective to some degree, we prefer the material to have the properties summarized in Table I.
• the amount of magnesium present is important since we have found that magnesium silicates that have been acid washed to remove most of the magnesium are ineffective for the purposes of our invention as shown in the examples.
• the combination of inorganic chill-proofing agent preferably the specified silica hydrogel, is prepared by blending the two raw materials. This blending can be carried out in any manner; we have found it convenient to add the silicate to the chill-proofing agent when it is milled. From 0.2 to 6 pbw of the silicate per 100 pbw of the chill-proofing agent may be used with agents and filter aids high in iron or other metals. We prefer to have 0.3 to 3 pbw of silicate per 100 pbw of the silica gel or hydrogel, and we most prefer 0.5 to 2.5 pbw of silicate per 100 pbw of the silica hydrogel.
• magnesium silicate provide substantial reduction in the beer- or beverage-soluble metal content, especially iron, of various siliceous agents.
• Such effectiveness is particularly surprising since other adsorbing and ion exchange materials are about 5 times less effective, as illustrated in the examples.
• This example illustrates the treatment of beer using only a hydrogel and shows that iron is present after such treatment.
• the commercially available beer was treated with 600 ppm of the hydrogel that is also commercially available.
• Said hydrogel had a surface area of 800 m 2 /g, loss on ignition of 66.5%, and a mean pore diameter of 87 A.
• the beer was filtered and the filtrate analyzed to indicate that the hydrogel contained 18 ppm of beer-soluble iron.
• Combinations of the hydrogel used in Example 1 and an amorphous magnesium silicate were prepared and used to treat beer.
• Said magnesium silicate was BRITESORB 90 1 and had 3.25 moles of Sio 2 per mole of MgO, an average particle size of 30 microns, a surface area of 50 m 2 /g, a bulk density of 0.56 g/cc, a weight loss at 105°C of 12% and an ignition loss of 23%.
• the mixtures prepared and the results obtained are summarized in the following table.
• BRITESORB®90 magnesium silicate was compared to that of two ion exchange resins in the test for beer-soluble iron.
• the ion exchange resins were 1 BRITESORB® is a registered trademark of PQ Corporation.
• the test runs are summarized in Table 3.
• magnesium silicate is surprisingly effective in reducing the beer-soluble iron content of silica hydrogel when compared to ion exchange resins.
• MAGNESOL® is a registered trademark of Reactant Chemical & Research, Inc.
• magnesium silicate is much more effective in suppressing the beer-soluble iron content of the silica hydrogel chill-proofing agent than any of the other agents tested.
• the results further indicate that magnesium silicate is effective at very low treatment levels.
• magnesium silicate is very effective in reducing the beer-soluble iron at surprisingly low treatment levels.
• This example illustrates that magnesium silicate adsorbs copper from aqueous solution.
• An aqueous solution containing 26 ppm of copper was contacted with 1% of BRITESORB 90 for 5 minutes.
• the level of copper as Cu +2 was reduced to 0.1 ppm. This result indicates that magnesium silicate is effective for metals other than iron.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
• Distillation Of Fermentation Liquor, Processing Of Alcohols, Vinegar And Beer (AREA)
• Silicon Compounds (AREA)
• Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)

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Publications (3)

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Citations (5)

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• 1983
  • 1983-05-06 US US06/492,314 patent/US4508742A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1984
  • 1984-02-03 CA CA000446765A patent/CA1206432A/en not_active Expired
  • 1984-02-06 DE DE8484101186T patent/DE3485645D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1984-02-06 EP EP84101186A patent/EP0124685B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1984-02-06 DE DE198484101186T patent/DE124685T1/de active Pending
  • 1984-02-10 ZA ZA84997A patent/ZA84997B/xx unknown
  • 1984-02-17 PH PH30262A patent/PH20945A/en unknown
  • 1984-03-08 BR BR8401044A patent/BR8401044A/pt unknown
  • 1984-03-09 AU AU25496/84A patent/AU562324B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1984-03-19 JP JP59051245A patent/JPS6016584A/ja active Granted
  • 1984-03-26 KR KR1019840001591A patent/KR910008623B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1984-05-04 MX MX201240A patent/MX161308A/es unknown
• 1988
  • 1988-10-07 MX MX1334488A patent/MX165212B/es unknown

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