EP0123592B1 - Conditioning of a carbon-rich material and process for realizing it - Google Patents
Conditioning of a carbon-rich material and process for realizing it Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0123592B1 EP0123592B1 EP84400667A EP84400667A EP0123592B1 EP 0123592 B1 EP0123592 B1 EP 0123592B1 EP 84400667 A EP84400667 A EP 84400667A EP 84400667 A EP84400667 A EP 84400667A EP 0123592 B1 EP0123592 B1 EP 0123592B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- conditioning
- adjuvant
- weight
- foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/324—Dispersions containing coal, oil and water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/326—Coal-water suspensions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
- C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
- C21B5/004—Injection of slurries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the packaging of a material rich in carbon, in particular coal, in order to obtain a product which is easily transportable in a pipe and easy to store over long periods.
- the invention applies preferably, but not exclusively, to the injection of auxiliary fuel into the nozzles of a steel blast furnace.
- the first consists in blowing dry particles of coal conveyed from a storage hopper to the nozzles by a carrier gas.
- the second technique consists in conditioning the finely ground coal by suspending it in a liquid phase (generally water), to form a coal-water mixture with a high carbon concentration and which is usually called "pulp".
- a liquid phase generally water
- Pulp a coal-water mixture with a high carbon concentration and which is usually called "pulp".
- Another drawback may lie, in terms of storage, due to the tendency for the carbon powder to sediment over more or less prolonged periods.
- the present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the aforementioned known packaging while combining their respective advantages.
- the adjuvant is an alkali or alkaline earth metal lauryl sulfate - such as sodium or calcium - and preferably based on a carbon chain alcohol, for example C12 or C14.
- the proportion by weight of adjuvant in the mixture is between 0.5 and 1.5% relative to the weight of carbonaceous material.
- the invention also relates to a process for producing the packaging defined above, characterized in that carbonaceous material in the form of finely divided solid particles is mixed with a liquid such as water, and a surfactant adjuvant with foaming properties in the proportions indicated above and in that the mixture is stirred by mechanical or pneumatic stirring or by any other suitable means, until a foam is obtained.
- the invention thus produces a product which is in the form of an aerated foam, light but consistent, homogeneous and stable and which is easily transported by pipe by pneumatic or mechanical means.
- the carbon foam according to the invention (three-phase mixture solid-liquid-gas) is easily stored for very long periods and, can be transported in pipes at higher carbon contents than the limit values (75-80%) that are encountered with pulp.
- the foam in prolonged storage, the foam can dry by evaporation of the water. But it suffices, for example before use, to add the missing water and to stir the mixture to very quickly regenerate a foam identical to the original foam.
- the preparation of great simplicity, will now be described by taking for example a manufacturing of small quantity such as it is carried out at laboratory.
- the basic carbonaceous material is carbon previously finely ground so as to obtain an overall particle size of less than 500 ⁇ m but of which approximately 80% of the material has a particle size of less than 100 ⁇ m. These specifications are especially recommended because of the destination of the coal (combustion in a burner) for which it is advantageous to seek a large specific surface area of the particles.
- the sodium lauryl sulfate used here based on a C12 alcohol, is marketed under the name "Empicol LX 28". It comes in a liquid state with a little formalin as a preservative. Its chemical nature can be represented by the following formula CFi 3 (CH 2 ) 10 CH 2 OSO 3 Na.
- These empols are anionic surfactants with foaming properties which also serve as wetting and emulsifying agents. They are usually used in the manufacture of carpet shampoos, elastomers or latex foams.
- the contents of the beaker are then homogenized and aerated by mechanical stirring using a rotary paddle mounted at the end of a motorized rod.
- the brewing operation lasts a few minutes at the end of which the desired carbon foam is obtained.
- This mouse has a volume of approximately 2 liters. Coal is present at 75% by weight and 375 g per liter of foam.
- stirring can be carried out mechanically (agitator, turbine, planetary motion mixer, etc.) or pneumatically (bubbling, gas nebulization etc.) or by any other means allowing the aeration of the mixture of so as to incorporate gaseous micro-bubbles which attach to the polar ends of the surfactant and foaming adjuvant.
- the carbon foam according to the invention can be obtained from additives other than sodium lauryl sulfate, but having surfactant properties to promote wetting of the liquid phase on the particles of carbon and foaming properties, namely a hydrophobic polar part to fix the gas phase in the form of micro-bubbles.
- adjuvants such as calcium laurylsulphates or other alkali or alkaline earth metals, sulphonates, laurylsulphates or phenylsulphonates of Na or Ca, alkylsulphonates or sulphonic esters, etc.
- the suspending liquid is not necessarily water, but may very well consist, for example, of a hydrocarbon, such as fuel oil or a fuel-water mixture, which if necessary increases the calorific value. foam.
- the carbon foam according to the invention can be obtained from the various varieties of known coals. Whatever their quality (lean or fatty coals) or more generally from any other carbonaceous material (of course preferably rich in carbon) capable of being able to be finely divided into solid particles (lignite, peat, coal pitch, etc.) .
- the field of application of the invention is not limited to the injection of fuel into the nozzles of a steel blast furnace, but extends to other uses, for example, in the sector of industrial furnaces. , thermal power stations or that of long-distance coal transport, and more generally wherever the injection and transport of a coal-water mixture are of interest.
Description
La présente invention concerne le conditionnement d'une matière riche en carbone, notamment du charbon, en vue d'obtenir un produit, aisément transportable en conduite et facile à stocker sur de longues périodes.The present invention relates to the packaging of a material rich in carbon, in particular coal, in order to obtain a product which is easily transportable in a pipe and easy to store over long periods.
L'invention s'applique de préférence, mais non exclusivement, à l'injection de combustible auxiliaire aux tuyères d'un haut fourneau sidérurgique.The invention applies preferably, but not exclusively, to the injection of auxiliary fuel into the nozzles of a steel blast furnace.
L'injection de combustible auxiliaire aux tuyères d'un haut fourneau est une pratique connue de longue date pour ce qui concerne l'utilisation d'un hydrocarbure, tel que du fuel. On sait qu'un effort de Recherche Développement est entrepris de nos jours afin de pouvoir remplacer, partiellement au moins, le fuel par du charbon finement broyé.The injection of auxiliary fuel into the nozzles of a blast furnace has been a practice known for a long time with regard to the use of a hydrocarbon, such as fuel oil. We know that a research and development effort is being undertaken nowadays in order to be able to replace, at least partially, the fuel oil by finely ground coal.
En l'état actuel des connaissances, deux techniques paraissent être en mesure de rencontrer une sanction industrielle à l'échéance de quelques années.In the current state of knowledge, two techniques seem to be able to meet an industrial sanction after a few years.
La première consiste à insuffler à sec des particules de charbon véhiculées depuis une trémie de stockage jusqu'aux tuyères par un gaz porteur. Cette technique, qui fait application particulière du transport pneumatique de poudres en phase dense, peut donc être considérée comme bien maîtrisable, sinon déjà maîtrisée. Elle présente cependant quelques handicaps qui, sans être prohibitifs, semblent néanmoins de nature à pénaliser un développement large et rapide du procédé.The first consists in blowing dry particles of coal conveyed from a storage hopper to the nozzles by a carrier gas. This technique, which makes specific application of the pneumatic transport of powders in dense phase, can therefore be considered to be well controllable, if not already mastered. However, it presents some handicaps which, without being prohibitive, nevertheless seem likely to penalize a broad and rapid development of the process.
L'un de ces handicaps, probablement le principal, tient au conditionnement du charbon lui-même en fines particules. Des précautions sévères doivent en effet être prises pour éviter les risques d'explosions qui pourraient résulter de la mise en suspension des particules dans l'atmosphère et ceci tout du long du processus qui va du broyage au stockage puis au transport. Par ailleurs, au stade du broyage lui-même, qui s'opère par voie sèche, il est nécessaire de sécher le produit initial, ce qui correspond à une dépense énergétique.One of these handicaps, probably the main one, is the conditioning of the coal itself into fine particles. Severe precautions must indeed be taken to avoid the risks of explosions which could result from the suspension of particles in the atmosphere and this throughout the process which goes from grinding to storage then to transport. Furthermore, at the grinding stage itself, which is carried out dry, it is necessary to dry the initial product, which corresponds to an energy expenditure.
La seconde technique consiste à conditionner le charbon finement broyé par mise en suspension dans une phase liquide (généralement de l'eau), pour former un mélange charbon-eau à haute concentration en charbon et que l'on appelle habituellement «pulpe». L'idée paraît à priori très attrayante, car une pulpe de ce type est normalement un produit présentant des prédispositions au transport analogues à celles d'un liquide, ce qui autorise en principe l'usage des circuits éventuellement préexistants de transport du fuεl, sans modifications trop importantes.The second technique consists in conditioning the finely ground coal by suspending it in a liquid phase (generally water), to form a coal-water mixture with a high carbon concentration and which is usually called "pulp". The idea seems a priori very attractive, because a pulp of this type is normally a product having transport predispositions similar to those of a liquid, which in principle allows the use of possibly pre-existing circuits of transport of fuεl, without too large changes.
L'idée semble également séduisante du fait de l'enrichissement en hydrogène du gaz récupéré au gueulard de l'appareil par dissociation de l'eau injectée. Toutefois, cet aspect de valorisation du gaz de gueulard ne peut avoir qu'une importance secondaire car des considérations économiques démontrent un intérêt du procédé qu'à des valeurs élevées de la concentration du charbon dans la pulpe que l'on peut chiffrer à 70% et au-delà (en poids). Or, les études menées à ce jour semblent indiquer que les possibilités à ce niveau sont vite limitées en raison de l'augmentation très rapide de la viscosité de la pulpe au-delà de 75% en poids de charbon, qui la rend alors difficilement apte au pompage et à la circulation en conduite à l'aide des moyens dont on dispose habituellement à cet effet.The idea also seems attractive because of the hydrogen enrichment of the gas recovered from the device's mouth by dissociation of the injected water. However, this aspect of upgrading the top gas can only be of secondary importance since economic considerations demonstrate an advantage of the process only at high values of the concentration of carbon in the pulp which can be estimated at 70%. and beyond (by weight). However, the studies carried out to date seem to indicate that the possibilities at this level are quickly limited due to the very rapid increase in the viscosity of the pulp beyond 75% by weight of carbon, which then makes it hardly suitable pumping and driving traffic using the means usually available for this purpose.
Un autre inconvénient peut résider, au niveau du stockage, en raison de la tendance à la sédimentation de la poudre de carbone sur des périodes plus ou moins prolongées.Another drawback may lie, in terms of storage, due to the tendency for the carbon powder to sediment over more or less prolonged periods.
La présente invention a pour but de pallier les inconvénients des conditionnement connus précités tout en cumulant leurs avantages respectifs.The present invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of the aforementioned known packaging while combining their respective advantages.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un conditionnement de matière riche en carbone, notamment du charbon à l'état de particules solides, finement divisées caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué par un mélange formé à partir de matière carbonée, d'un liquide de mise en suspension des particules (de l'eau de préférence) et d'un adjuvant tensio-actif à propriétés moussantes, selon les proportions pondérales suivantes:
- - 70% au moins de matière carbonée,
- - entre 0,1 et 5% d'adjuvant tensio-actif par rapport au poids de matière carbonée,
- - le reste étant le liquide de suspension.
- - at least 70% carbonaceous matter,
- - between 0.1 and 5% of surfactant adjuvant relative to the weight of carbonaceous material,
- - the remainder being the suspension liquid.
Dans une forme de réalisation, l'adjuvant est un laurylsulfate de métal alcalin ou alcalino-terreux - tel que du sodium ou du calcium - et de préférence basé sur un alcool à chaîne carbonée, par exemple en C12 ou C14.In one embodiment, the adjuvant is an alkali or alkaline earth metal lauryl sulfate - such as sodium or calcium - and preferably based on a carbon chain alcohol, for example C12 or C14.
Conformément à une mise en oeuvre préférée, la proportion pondérale d'adjuvant dans le mélange est comprise entre 0,5 et 1,5% par rapport au poids de matière carbonée.In accordance with a preferred implementation, the proportion by weight of adjuvant in the mixture is between 0.5 and 1.5% relative to the weight of carbonaceous material.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de réalisation du conditionnement défini ci-dessus caractérisé en ce que l'on mélange de la matière carbonée à l'état de particules solides finement divisées à un liquide tel que de l'eau, et à un adjuvant tensio-actif à propriétés moussantes selon les proportions indiquées ci-avant et en ce que l'on sère le mélange par brassage mécanique ou pneumatique ou par tout autre moyen approprié, jusqu'à l'obtention d'une mousse.The invention also relates to a process for producing the packaging defined above, characterized in that carbonaceous material in the form of finely divided solid particles is mixed with a liquid such as water, and a surfactant adjuvant with foaming properties in the proportions indicated above and in that the mixture is stirred by mechanical or pneumatic stirring or by any other suitable means, until a foam is obtained.
L'invention réalise ainsi un produit qui se présente sous la forme d'une mousse aérée, légère mais consistante, homogène et stable et qui se transporte aisément en conduite par voie pneumatique ou mécanique.The invention thus produces a product which is in the form of an aerated foam, light but consistent, homogeneous and stable and which is easily transported by pipe by pneumatic or mechanical means.
A la différence des pulpes connues, qui sont des mélanges à deux phases (solide-liquide), la mousse au carbone selon l'invention (mélange à trois phases solide-liquide-gaz) se stocke sans difficulté pendant de très longues périodes et, se transporte en conduite à des teneurs en carbone plus élevées que les valeurs limites (75-80%) que l'on rencontre avec les pulpes.Unlike the known pulps, which are two-phase mixtures (solid-liquid), the carbon foam according to the invention (three-phase mixture solid-liquid-gas) is easily stored for very long periods and, can be transported in pipes at higher carbon contents than the limit values (75-80%) that are encountered with pulp.
Bien entendu, en stockage prolongé, la mousse peut sécher par évaporation de l'eau. Mais il suffit, par exemple avant utilisation, de rajouter l'eau manquante et de brasser le mélange pour régénérer très rapidement une mousse identique à la mousse d'origine.Of course, in prolonged storage, the foam can dry by evaporation of the water. But it suffices, for example before use, to add the missing water and to stir the mixture to very quickly regenerate a foam identical to the original foam.
La préparation, d'une grande simplicité, va maintenant être décrite en prenant pour exemple une fabrication de faible quantité telle qu'elle est réalisée au laboratoire. La matière carbonée de base est du charbon préalablement broyé finement de manière à obtenir une granulométrie globale inférieure à 500 µm mais dont 80% environ de la matière présente une granulométrie inférieure à 100 µm. Ces spécifications sont surtout racommandées en raison de la destination du charbon (combustion dans un brûleur) pour laquelle on a intérêt à rechercher une grande surface spécifique des particules.The preparation, of great simplicity, will now be described by taking for example a manufacturing of small quantity such as it is carried out at laboratory. The basic carbonaceous material is carbon previously finely ground so as to obtain an overall particle size of less than 500 μm but of which approximately 80% of the material has a particle size of less than 100 μm. These specifications are especially recommended because of the destination of the coal (combustion in a burner) for which it is advantageous to seek a large specific surface area of the particles.
750 g de ce charbon en poudre sont placés dans un bécher dans lequel on verse ensuite 250 ml de solution aqueuse légèrement basique (à pH égal à 8 environ) titrant 1 % de laurylsulfate de sodium par rapport au poids de solide. Autrement dit la quantité de laurylsulfate dans les 250 ml de solution est de 7,5 g environ. L'ajustement du pH à une valeur basique correspond aux indications du fournisseur du laurylsulfate pour faciliter sa mise en solution.750 g of this powdered coal are placed in a beaker into which is then poured 250 ml of slightly basic aqueous solution (at a pH equal to approximately 8) titrating 1% of sodium lauryl sulfate relative to the weight of solid. In other words, the quantity of lauryl sulphate in the 250 ml of solution is approximately 7.5 g. The adjustment of the pH to a basic value corresponds to the indications of the supplier of lauryl sulphate to facilitate its dissolution.
Le laurylsulfate de sodium utilisé ici, basé sur un acool en C12, est commercialisé sous la dénomination «Empicol LX 28». Il se présente à l'état liquide avec un peu de formol comme agent de conservation. Sa nature chimique peut être représentée par la formule suivante CFi3(CH2)10CH2OSO3Na. Ces em- picols sont des tensio-actifs anioniques à propriété moussante qui servent également d'agents mouillants et émulsifiants. Ils sont habituellement utilisés dans la fabrication de shampooings pour tapis, d'élastomères ou de mousses de latex.The sodium lauryl sulfate used here, based on a C12 alcohol, is marketed under the name "Empicol LX 28". It comes in a liquid state with a little formalin as a preservative. Its chemical nature can be represented by the following formula CFi 3 (CH 2 ) 10 CH 2 OSO 3 Na. These empols are anionic surfactants with foaming properties which also serve as wetting and emulsifying agents. They are usually used in the manufacture of carpet shampoos, elastomers or latex foams.
Le contenu du bécher est ensuite homogénéisé et aéré par brassage mécanique à l'aide d'une palette rotative montée en bout d'une tige motorisée. L'opération de brassage dure quelques minutes au terme desquelles on obtient la mousse au carbone recherchée. Cette mouse présente un volume de 2 litres environ. Le charbon y est présent à raison de 75% en teneur pondérale et à raison de 375 g par litre de mousse.The contents of the beaker are then homogenized and aerated by mechanical stirring using a rotary paddle mounted at the end of a motorized rod. The brewing operation lasts a few minutes at the end of which the desired carbon foam is obtained. This mouse has a volume of approximately 2 liters. Coal is present at 75% by weight and 375 g per liter of foam.
Bien entendu, il est possible d'ajouter l'eau et le tensio-actif moussant séparément.Of course, it is possible to add the water and the foaming surfactant separately.
De même, le brassage peut être réalisé par voie mécanique (agitateur, turbine, malaxeur à mouvement planétaire, etc.) ou par voie pneumatique (bul- lage, nébulisation gazeuse etc.) ou par tout autre moyen permettant l'aération du mélange de manière à y incorporer des micro-bulles gazeuses qui se fixent aux extrémités polaires de l'adjuvant tensio-actif et moussant.Likewise, stirring can be carried out mechanically (agitator, turbine, planetary motion mixer, etc.) or pneumatically (bubbling, gas nebulization etc.) or by any other means allowing the aeration of the mixture of so as to incorporate gaseous micro-bubbles which attach to the polar ends of the surfactant and foaming adjuvant.
De même encore, on peut obtenir la mousse au carbone selon l'invention à partir d'autres adjuvants qu'un laurylsulfate de sodium, mais possédant des proproétés tensio-actives pour favoriser le mouillage de la phase liquide sur les particules de charbon et des propriétés moussantes, à savoir une partie polaire hydrophobe pour fixer la phase gazeuse sous forme de micro-bulles.Likewise, the carbon foam according to the invention can be obtained from additives other than sodium lauryl sulfate, but having surfactant properties to promote wetting of the liquid phase on the particles of carbon and foaming properties, namely a hydrophobic polar part to fix the gas phase in the form of micro-bubbles.
Ainsi, il est possible d'utiliser des adjuvants tels que des laurylsulfates de calcium ou d'autres métaux alcalin ou alcalino-terreux, des sulfonates, des laurylsulfates ou phénylsulfonates de Na ou Ca, des alkyls sulfonates ou des esters sulfoniques, etc.Thus, it is possible to use adjuvants such as calcium laurylsulphates or other alkali or alkaline earth metals, sulphonates, laurylsulphates or phenylsulphonates of Na or Ca, alkylsulphonates or sulphonic esters, etc.
De même le liquide de mise en suspension n'est pas nécessairement de l'eau, mais peut fort bien consister par exemple en un hydrocarbure, tel que du fuel ou un mélange fuel-eau, ce qui procure au besoin une augmentation du pouvoir calorifique de la mousse.Likewise, the suspending liquid is not necessarily water, but may very well consist, for example, of a hydrocarbon, such as fuel oil or a fuel-water mixture, which if necessary increases the calorific value. foam.
Toutefois, l'intérêt principal de l'invention demeure dans le choix de l'eau, car c'est dans ce cas que les pulpes connues posent des problèmes de transport en conduite pour des hautes teneurs en carbone, problèmes qui ne se retrouvent plus avec la mousse selon l'invention dont les caractéristiques à ce sujet sont pratiquement constantes quelle que soit la proportion de carbone.However, the main interest of the invention remains in the choice of water, because it is in this case that the known pulps pose problems of pipe transport for high carbon contents, problems which are no longer found. with the foam according to the invention, the characteristics of which are practically constant regardless of the proportion of carbon.
La mousse au carbon selon l'invention présente bien d'autres avantages parmi lesquels on pourra retenir ou rappeler les suivants:
- - une facilité de stockage pendant des durées très longues sans risque de sédimentation ou de décantation des particules solides,
- - pas ou peu de ségrégation granulométrique au cours du stockage,
- - une parfaite neutralité chimique à l'égard des moyens de stockage habituels,
- - une préparation simple et très rapide, ce qui rend possible notamment une fabrication «en continu« au moment de l'utilisation,
- - une faible abraison des moyens de transport (pompes, condutes, etc.),
- - une sécurité pratiquement totale à l'égard des risques d'explosions puisque la mise en oeuvre de l'invention n'est jamais génératrice de poussières,
- - par ailleurs, le broyage préalable du charbon peut s'effectuer dans l'eau sans nécessiter de séchage ultérieur,
- - une utilisation par les installations d'injection de fluides actuelles moyennant peu ou pas de transformations selon les cas.
- - ease of storage for very long periods without risk of sedimentation or settling of solid particles,
- - little or no particle size segregation during storage,
- - perfect chemical neutrality with regard to the usual storage means,
- - a simple and very rapid preparation, which makes it possible in particular to manufacture "continuously" at the time of use,
- - low cost of transportation (pumps, pipes, etc.),
- practically total safety with regard to the risks of explosions since the implementation of the invention never generates dust,
- - moreover, the prior grinding of the coal can be carried out in water without requiring subsequent drying,
- - use by current fluid injection installations with little or no transformation depending on the case.
Bien entendu l'invention ne se limite pas aux exemples décrits mais s'étend à de multiples variantes ou équivalents dans la mesure où sont respectées les caractéristiques des revendications jointes.Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples described but extends to multiple variants or equivalents insofar as the characteristics of the appended claims are respected.
Ainsi, la mousse au carbone selon l'invention peut être obtenue à partir des différentes variétés de charbons connues. Quelque soit leur qualité (charbons maigres ou gras) ou plus généralement à partir de toute autre matière carbonée (bien entendu de préférence riche en carbone) susceptible de pouvoir être finement divisée en particules solides (lignite,tourbe, brai de houille, etc.).Thus, the carbon foam according to the invention can be obtained from the various varieties of known coals. Whatever their quality (lean or fatty coals) or more generally from any other carbonaceous material (of course preferably rich in carbon) capable of being able to be finely divided into solid particles (lignite, peat, coal pitch, etc.) .
De même, le domaine d'application de l'invention ne se limite pas à l'injection de combustibles aux tuyères d'un haut fourneau sidérurgique, mais s'étend à d'autres utilisations, par exemple, dans le secteur des fours industriels, des centrales thermiques ou celui du transport du charbon sur longue distance, et de manière plus générale partout où l'injection et le transport d'un mélange charbon-eau présentent un intérêt.Likewise, the field of application of the invention is not limited to the injection of fuel into the nozzles of a steel blast furnace, but extends to other uses, for example, in the sector of industrial furnaces. , thermal power stations or that of long-distance coal transport, and more generally wherever the injection and transport of a coal-water mixture are of interest.
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8305826 | 1983-04-07 | ||
| FR8305826A FR2543968B1 (en) | 1983-04-07 | 1983-04-07 | PACKAGING OF CARBON-RICH MATERIAL AND METHOD OF MAKING |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0123592A1 EP0123592A1 (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| EP0123592B1 true EP0123592B1 (en) | 1986-09-17 |
Family
ID=9287682
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84400667A Expired EP0123592B1 (en) | 1983-04-07 | 1984-04-05 | Conditioning of a carbon-rich material and process for realizing it |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4566877A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0123592B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS59197497A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU561128B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3460756D1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2543968B1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA842479B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4502868A (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1985-03-05 | Texaco Inc. | Coal-water slurries of low viscosity and method for their preparation |
| FR2543967B1 (en) * | 1983-04-08 | 1985-07-19 | Creusot Loire | ENERGY-FOCUSED FLUID PRODUCT AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE FEEDING OF A REACTION CHAMBER IN FUEL MATERIAL |
| FR2576907B1 (en) * | 1985-01-31 | 1987-02-20 | Gradient | REDUCED VISCOSITY COMPOSITION BASED ON OIL DISTILLATION RESIDUES AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME |
| US5192203A (en) * | 1990-03-20 | 1993-03-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method and apparatus for burning foamed liquid fuel |
| EP0783589A1 (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1997-07-16 | Kao Corporation | Transportability improver for pulverized coal |
| FR2784171B1 (en) | 1998-10-02 | 2000-12-01 | Air Liquide | BURNER FOR HEATING A POWDERY PRODUCT, AND METHOD FOR VITRIFICATION OF A POWDERY PRODUCT USED BY SUCH A BURNER |
| US20040002006A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-01 | Caterpillar Inc. | Battery including carbon foam current collectors |
| US6979513B2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2005-12-27 | Firefly Energy Inc. | Battery including carbon foam current collectors |
| US7033703B2 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2006-04-25 | Firefly Energy, Inc. | Composite material and current collector for battery |
| US7341806B2 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2008-03-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | Battery having carbon foam current collector |
| WO2006020167A2 (en) * | 2004-07-15 | 2006-02-23 | Board Of Control Of Michigan Technological University | Nickel hydroxide impregnated carbon foam electrodes for rechargeable nickel batteries |
| US20090233175A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2009-09-17 | Kelley Kurtis C | Current Carrier for an Energy Storage Device |
| US8399134B2 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2013-03-19 | Firefly Energy, Inc. | Lead acid battery including a two-layer carbon foam current collector |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE520487C (en) * | 1929-02-27 | 1931-03-11 | Ludwig Kaehler Dipl Ing | Process for producing a fuel-air mixture in foam form for internal combustion engines |
| FR1162246A (en) * | 1956-10-19 | 1958-09-10 | Process for the preparation of liquid fuels from liquid hydrocarbons and equipment allowing the implementation of this process | |
| US3902869A (en) * | 1973-08-24 | 1975-09-02 | Svenska Utvecklings Ab | Fuel composition with increased octane number |
| FR2262774A1 (en) * | 1974-03-01 | 1975-09-26 | Postic Jean | Burner supply process - uses emulsion of fuel air and water delivered in predetermined proportions |
| US4082516A (en) * | 1975-07-09 | 1978-04-04 | Carbonoyl Company | Modified starch containing liquid fuel slurry |
| US4304572A (en) * | 1976-06-24 | 1981-12-08 | Texaco, Inc. | Production of solid fuel-water slurries |
| US4305729A (en) * | 1981-02-23 | 1981-12-15 | Suntech, Inc. | Carbon slurry fuels |
| US4436528A (en) * | 1982-09-17 | 1984-03-13 | Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Company | Aqueous slurries of carbonaceous materials |
-
1983
- 1983-04-07 FR FR8305826A patent/FR2543968B1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-04-03 AU AU26378/84A patent/AU561128B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-04-03 ZA ZA842479A patent/ZA842479B/en unknown
- 1984-04-05 DE DE8484400667T patent/DE3460756D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-05 EP EP84400667A patent/EP0123592B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-07 JP JP59068403A patent/JPS59197497A/en active Pending
- 1984-04-09 US US06/598,574 patent/US4566877A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2637884A (en) | 1984-10-11 |
| US4566877A (en) | 1986-01-28 |
| ZA842479B (en) | 1984-11-28 |
| JPS59197497A (en) | 1984-11-09 |
| DE3460756D1 (en) | 1986-10-23 |
| AU561128B2 (en) | 1987-04-30 |
| FR2543968A1 (en) | 1984-10-12 |
| FR2543968B1 (en) | 1985-06-21 |
| EP0123592A1 (en) | 1984-10-31 |
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