EP0119902B1 - Mikrowellenhohlraumresonator, besonders für Erzeuger elektromagnetischer Energie - Google Patents

Mikrowellenhohlraumresonator, besonders für Erzeuger elektromagnetischer Energie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0119902B1
EP0119902B1 EP84400425A EP84400425A EP0119902B1 EP 0119902 B1 EP0119902 B1 EP 0119902B1 EP 84400425 A EP84400425 A EP 84400425A EP 84400425 A EP84400425 A EP 84400425A EP 0119902 B1 EP0119902 B1 EP 0119902B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
cavity
mirror
generator according
mirrors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84400425A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0119902A1 (de
Inventor
Georges Mourier
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0119902A1 publication Critical patent/EP0119902A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/18—Resonators
    • H01J23/20—Cavity resonators; Adjustment or tuning thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a resonant cavity for microwaves, more particularly a resonant cavity used in a generator operating at several tens of gigahertz, that is to say, in millimeter and submillimeter waves.
  • generators of this type there are in particular generators in which an electron beam propagates along helical paths while being guided by a uniform magnetic field along the axis of the propeller.
  • the beam passes through a resonant cavity in which the transverse velocity components of the electrons interact with a transverse electric field component of the wave so as to amplify it.
  • the cavities usually used in this type of generator are constituted by cylindrical cavities or with two spherical mirrors whose dimensions are calculated to operate in TE on mode.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a resonant cavity making it possible to increase the frequency separation of the electromagnetic modes, namely to eliminate a certain number of parasitic modes.
  • the subject of the present invention is a generator of millimeter and submillimeter waves of the gyrotron type comprising an electron gun emitting an electron beam along an axis and a resonant cavity positioned along said axis in which the beam d electrons interacts with an electromagnetic field, characterized in that the resonant cavity formed by a surface of revolution comprises reflective surfaces which form in each meridian plane passing through the beam axis at least four curved mirror zones positioned so that the centers of the mirror zones define the vertices of a polygon and each perpendicular to a mirror zone at its center corresponds to the bisector of the angle at the top of the polygon, the mirror zones being dimensioned so as to obtain at least one region interaction of limited length.
  • the modes propagating in a resonant cavity can be analyzed as plane waves which are reflected a number of times on the walls of the cavity.
  • the resonant cavity 1 consists mainly of two curved annular mirrors 3-4 of the same axis ZZ ', more particularly in the form of a spherical zone.
  • the two mirrors 3,4 which face each other are positioned so that, in a meridian plane, they delimit four mirror zones 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b facing each other, the respective centers 3'a, 3'b , 4'a, 4'b form the vertices of a polygon, namely the four vertices of a rectangle in the embodiment shown.
  • the four zones are inclined in the meridian plane so that the normal 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b to the said mirror zones at the level of the counters corresponds to the bisector of the angle at the corresponding vertex of the rectangle.
  • the mirrors are inclined at 45 ° relative to the axis ZZ '. Therefore useful electromagnetic waves, as explained below, which are reflected successively on the different mirror zones follow the paths represented by arrows in Figure 1, the hatching representing the areas where the corresponding energy is concentrated.
  • the mirror zones 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b have an appropriate curvature in the plane containing the axis whose purpose is to concentrate the energy at the level of the axis ZZ ' on two areas cd ef of length limited by a side effect due to diffraction.
  • the cavity is constituted by surfaces 7 absorbing the electromagnetic radiation considered, which avoids the reflection of the diffracted rays outside the cavity.
  • FIGS. 2 illustrate the reflection of two rays incident on the surface of one of the mirrors 3 or 4 constituting the cavity of FIG. 1.
  • a centrifugal ray A this strikes the mirror zone 3a at A 'and is reflected vertically at A "due to the inclination of the mirror at 45 ° as shown in FIG. 2a, the ray then following the propagation path shown in FIG. 1.
  • a ray B not passing through the axis and striking the mirror area also at A ', it is reflected in a direction B ".
  • the cavity shown in Figure 1 it has two areas of interaction cd, ef with the electron beam. It is thus possible to carry out a premodulation of the electron beam during the first interaction, namely at the level of the cd area, most of the energy transfer from the beam to the wave occurring during the second interaction. , namely at the level of the ef zone.
  • the annular mirrors may be, as shown in FIG. 3, constituted by two asymmetrical annular mirrors 8, 9 having different radii in the meridian plane.
  • the polygon of the centers of the mirror zones 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b is constituted by an isosceles trapezoid.
  • Figure 3 there is shown in the same manner as in Figure 1, the path of the electromagnetic propagation and the areas where the energy is concentrated.
  • the path followed by the electromagnetic waves in the cavity of FIG. 3 is identical to that of FIG. 1, the only difference residing in the fact that the interaction zone cd is more important than the interaction zone ef, which causes a greater concentration of energy in the ef zone.
  • the mirror zones 10, 11, 12, 13 are positioned as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the mirror zones 10, 11, 12, 13 are obtained from four mirrors in a spherical or parabolic cap for example arranged around the axis ZZ 'which remains the axis of symmetry of the electron beam and the magnetic field.
  • Each mirror now has its own axis 10a - 10a ', 11b - 11b', 12c - 12c ', 13d - 13d' and the polygon having the above axes for bisector is formed by two triangles opposite by the vertex.
  • the successive radial modes correspond to a variation of the phase of 21t when it is counted along a complete path of the ray on itself.
  • one in two radial modes corresponds to fields in phase opposition in the region of the axis.
  • only one in two radial modes can interact.
  • the surfaces surrounding the mirrors are formed by elements absorbing the electromagnetic radiation present or by surfaces covered with an absorbent layer produced for example in "carberlox".
  • the cavities described above are used more particularly in generators of radio waves of the gyrotron type. However, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that these cavities can be used in other applications requiring mode separation.

Landscapes

  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Generator zur Erzeugung von Wellen im Millimeterbereich und darunter vom Gyrotron-Typ mit einer Elektronenkanone, die einen Elektronenstrahl einer Achse entlang aussendet, und einem Resonanzhohlraum, der entlang dieser Achse angebracht ist und in dem der Elektronenstrahl mit einem elektromagnetischen Feld wechselwirkt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Resonanzhohlraum, der durch eine Rotationsoberfläche gebildet ist, reflektierende Oberflächen enthält, die in jeder Meridianebene, die durch die Achse des Strahls läuft, mindestens vier gekrümmte Spiegelzonen (3a, 3b; 4a, 4b, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) bilden, die so liegen, daß die Mittelpunkte (3'a, 3'b, 4'a, 4'b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b) der Spiegelzonen die Ecken eines Polygons festlegen, und daß jede Normale (5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 10a 10a', 11b - 11b', 12c - 12c', 13d - 13d') auf eine Spiegelzone in ihrem Mittelpunkt der Winkelhalbierenden im Scheitel des Polygons entspricht, wobei die Spiegelzonen so bemessen sind, daß man mindestens ein Wechselwirkungsgebiet beschränkter Länge erhält.
2. Generator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlraum zwei Wechselwirkungsgebiete (c-d, e-f) enthält, die entlang der Achse beabstandet sind.
3. Generator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Hohlraum ein einziges Wechselwirkungsgebiet (g-h) entlang der Achse enthält.
4. Generator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die reflektierenden Oberflächen des Hohlraums durch ein Paar ringförmiger Spiegel gebildet werden, die entlang der Achse beabstandet sind.
5. Generator nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Spiegel symmetrisch bezüglich der zur Strahlachse senkrechten Mittelebene des Hohlraums sind.
6. Generator nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Spiegel bezüglich der Mittelebene des Hohlraums senkrecht zur Strahlachse asymmetrisch sind.
7. Generator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Spiegelzone (10,11,12,13) die Form einer sphärischen, parabolischen, elliptischen oder ellipsoiden Kalotte hat.
EP84400425A 1983-03-11 1984-03-02 Mikrowellenhohlraumresonator, besonders für Erzeuger elektromagnetischer Energie Expired EP0119902B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8304056A FR2542504B1 (fr) 1983-03-11 1983-03-11 Cavite resonnante pour hyperfrequences, en particulier pour generateurs d'energie electromagnetique
FR8304056 1983-03-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0119902A1 EP0119902A1 (de) 1984-09-26
EP0119902B1 true EP0119902B1 (de) 1987-10-14

Family

ID=9286781

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84400425A Expired EP0119902B1 (de) 1983-03-11 1984-03-02 Mikrowellenhohlraumresonator, besonders für Erzeuger elektromagnetischer Energie

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4661744A (de)
EP (1) EP0119902B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS59175202A (de)
DE (1) DE3466830D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2542504B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3483945D1 (en) * 1983-09-30 1991-02-21 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Gyrotron.
JPS61153924A (ja) * 1984-12-26 1986-07-12 Toshiba Corp ジヤイロトロン装置
EP0281858B1 (de) * 1987-03-03 1991-07-17 Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas Hochleistungs-Gyrotron zur Erzeugung elektromagnetischer Millimeter- oder Submillimeterwellen
FR2625836B1 (fr) * 1988-01-13 1996-01-26 Thomson Csf Collecteur d'electrons pour tube electronique
EP0393485A1 (de) * 1989-04-19 1990-10-24 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Quasi-optisches Gyrotron
FR2672730B1 (fr) * 1991-02-12 1993-04-23 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Dispositif convertisseur de modes et diviseur de puissance pour tube hyperfrequence et tube hyperfrequence comprenant un tel dispositif.
CN102956415B (zh) * 2011-08-29 2015-11-04 中国科学院电子学研究所 一种回旋管准光输出系统的反射镜曲面的设计方法

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE707253C (de) * 1934-05-16 1941-06-17 Julius Pintsch Kom Ges Reflektoranordnung fuer drahtlose Zeichenuebertragung
GB576442A (en) * 1941-01-27 1946-04-04 Harry Melville Dowsett Improvements in radiating systems of electro-magnetic waves
NL128040C (de) * 1960-10-07
US3267383A (en) * 1963-05-27 1966-08-16 Ibm Particle accelerator utilizing coherent light
US3518427A (en) * 1968-06-05 1970-06-30 Atomic Energy Commission Universal planar x-ray resonator
US3688218A (en) * 1971-01-29 1972-08-29 Us Army Stimulated radiation cavity reflector
US3979695A (en) * 1974-12-20 1976-09-07 Honeywell Inc. High order beam mode resonator
SU530606A1 (ru) * 1975-04-04 1980-12-30 Ananev Yu A Неустойчивый резонатор оптического квантовоно генератора
US4179192A (en) * 1976-06-14 1979-12-18 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Laser fusion optical system
US4189660A (en) * 1978-11-16 1980-02-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Electron beam collector for a microwave power tube
SU777763A1 (ru) * 1978-12-26 1980-11-07 Днепропетровское Отделение Института Механики Ан Украинской Сср Открытый резонатор
US4287488A (en) * 1979-11-02 1981-09-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Rf Feedback free electron laser
SU938333A1 (ru) * 1980-10-17 1982-06-23 Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Радиотехники И Электроники Ан Ссср Генератор СВЧ-колебаний
GB2096392B (en) * 1981-04-06 1985-04-03 Varian Associates Collector-output for hollow beam electron tubes
US4496913A (en) * 1982-11-24 1985-01-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Millimeter wave power combiner using concave reflectors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3466830D1 (en) 1987-11-19
EP0119902A1 (de) 1984-09-26
US4661744A (en) 1987-04-28
JPS59175202A (ja) 1984-10-04
FR2542504A1 (fr) 1984-09-14
FR2542504B1 (fr) 1986-02-21

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