EP0117201A1 - Elektrischer Widerstandserhitzer für ein Gasgemisch - Google Patents

Elektrischer Widerstandserhitzer für ein Gasgemisch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0117201A1
EP0117201A1 EP84400304A EP84400304A EP0117201A1 EP 0117201 A1 EP0117201 A1 EP 0117201A1 EP 84400304 A EP84400304 A EP 84400304A EP 84400304 A EP84400304 A EP 84400304A EP 0117201 A1 EP0117201 A1 EP 0117201A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
modules
conductors
ferrule
peripheral zone
gas mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84400304A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0117201B1 (de
Inventor
Christian Plard
Jacques Soulie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electricite de France SA
Spie Batignolles SA
Original Assignee
Electricite de France SA
Spie Batignolles SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electricite de France SA, Spie Batignolles SA filed Critical Electricite de France SA
Priority to AT84400304T priority Critical patent/ATE19147T1/de
Publication of EP0117201A1 publication Critical patent/EP0117201A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0117201B1 publication Critical patent/EP0117201B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric heating device by direct Joule effect, of high power, for heating a gas mixture at temperatures and pressures which can reach respectively 900 ° C. and 50 bars.
  • known electric ovens generally include sheathed electrical resistors.
  • Electric ovens are also known comprising electrical resistances embedded in a fluidized bed of particles. Nor can such ovens be used in applications where it is necessary to heat a gas at high temperature and under high pressure, because of the risks of entrainment of the particles of the fluidized bed and of reaction between these and the gas.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the shortcomings of known electric ovens, by creating a high power electric heating device capable of heating gas mixtures, such as a mixture of hydrocarbons and hydrogen at temperatures and pressures. can reach respectively 900 ° C and 60 bars, this device having an excellent thermal efficiency, a relatively small size and causing during the passage of the gas mixture a very reduced pressure drop.
  • gas mixtures such as a mixture of hydrocarbons and hydrogen
  • this device having an excellent thermal efficiency, a relatively small size and causing during the passage of the gas mixture a very reduced pressure drop.
  • the heating device targeted by the invention comprises an enclosure comprising an inlet and an outlet for the gaseous mixture and which contains bare electrical resistors and the electrical supply conductors of these resistors.
  • this device is characterized in that it comprises a central duct which connects the inlet and the outlet of the gas mixture, consisting of several superimposed modules, removable and independent of each other, each comprising several electrically resistant elements constituted by sheets of metal strips arranged one next to the other, a peripheral zone containing the electrical supply conductors of the modules which contain the resistive elements, passages being provided between the central duct and the peripheral zone allowing a reduced proportion of the gas flow to pass into the peripheral zone.
  • the gas flow passes through the central duct formed by several removable and superimposed modules. All of these modules can expand freely independently of the connections and the external envelope without causing harmful constraints.
  • the supply conductors electric resistors which are arranged in the peripheral zone are cooled by a small part of the gas flow which enters the enclosure of the device, so that the problem of the thermal behavior of these conductors is effectively resolved.
  • modules are removable, it is possible to replace a defective element without interfering with the other elements.
  • this principle makes it possible to adapt the power required for each oven by varying the number of stacked modules, only the length of the external envelope being modified.
  • these modules supplied separately by regulated electrical sources make it possible to obtain a temperature profile, between the input and the output of the device, perfectly adapted to the optimal conditions desired.
  • the enclosure comprises in the lower part a bottom bowl comprising an inlet pipe of the gas mixture on which is removably mounted a thermally insulated vertical ferrule constituting the envelope and carrying at its upper part an outlet pipe for the gas mixture.
  • the modules comprising the electrical resistors are arranged one above the other along the axis of the shell and are supported by the bottom cup, being free relative to the side wall and the upper wall of the shell.
  • the bottom bowl has in its wall passages for the arrivals of the electrical supply conductors of the resistant elements.
  • the modules consist of parallelepipedal sheet metal boxes, closed laterally, removably fixed on the general internal framework (framework), one above the other, in the extension of their faces. lateral, each box containing several layers of resistant sheet metal lamellae arranged parallel to each other, the faces of these lamellae being parallel to the axis of the shell.
  • the resistant strips are preferably made of expanded metal sheet.
  • the electrical supply conductors of the modules are metal tubes rising parallel to the axis of the ferrule in the peripheral zone, these tubes being connected by flexible metal braids to the resistant elements of the modules.
  • the electrical conductors while being cooled in the peripheral zone, can expand freely without repercussion of constraints on the connection pads of the resistors.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 there is shown an electric heating device by direct Joule effect, of great power for heating a gas mixture at temperatures and pressures which can reach respectively 900 ° C. and 60 bars.
  • This device comprises a vertical envelope 1 of generally cylindrical shape comprising a heat-insulating coating 2 which is only partially shown in the internal or external case in FIG. 1.
  • This envelope 1 comprises at its lower part a tank with a tube 3 of inlet and at its upper part a ferrule with an outlet pipe 4 for the gas mixture to be heated.
  • This enclosure 1 comprises a central duct 5 shown in dotted lines in FIG. 1 which connects the inlet 3 and the outlet 4 of the gas mixture and which contains several identical modules 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, ... 6k, 61) superimposed and removable.
  • modules 6a, ... 61 each comprise several layers of resistant elements, coupled in series and in parallel.
  • these resistant elements consist of metal strips 7 arranged one next to the other.
  • These resistant strips 7 are made of bare expanded metal sheet (see Figure 7) and are arranged parallel to the vertical axis of the device.
  • These lamellae have a thickness of a few tenths of a millimeter and are spaced from each other for example by insulating refractory rings (for example made of alumina).
  • the spacing between the resistant lamellae 7 is determined in order to obtain an optimal heat exchange between these lamellae and the gas to be heated and to achieve a minimum space requirement, while being however sufficient for the pressure drops to be negligible.
  • the resistant strips 7 are spaced from one to two centimeters for electrical insulation between the blades at different potentials.
  • the central conduit 5, constituted by the superimposed modules 6a, ... 61 is surrounded by a peripheral zone 8 (see FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 6 and 8 to 10) containing the conductors 9 of the electrical supply of the modules 6a, ... 6), which contain the resistant lamellae 7.
  • passages 9a are provided between the central duct 5 and the peripheral zone 8 to allow a reduced proportion of the gas flow to pass into the peripheral zone 8 to cool the tubes and balance the pressures between conduit and peripheral zone.
  • the enclosure 1 comprises a bottom bowl 10 comprising the tube 3 for entering the gas mixture.
  • a vertical ferrule 11 which carries at its upper part the tube 4 for the outlet of the gas mixture to be heated.
  • the superimposed modules 6a, ... 61 contained in the shell 11 are placed one on the other along the vertical axis of this shell. They communicate with the inlet pipe 3 via a connection sleeve 12 flared upwards (see FIG. 1). Furthermore, these modules 6a, ... 61 are free relative to the side wall and the upper part of the shell 11.
  • the modules 6a, ... 61 are constituted by parallelepipedal sheet metal boxes closed laterally and fixed in a removable manner one above the other in the extension of their side faces.
  • All the modules 6a ... 61 rest on a lower plate 13 (see FIG. 5) which is itself supported by an internal shoulder 13a of the bottom bowl 10.
  • Each module 6a, ... 61 (see figures 1,6,9 and 10) is supported by a peripheral plate which extends over almost the entire width of the peripheral zone, plate itself fixed on the framework general internal 16.
  • the small clearance e formed between the outer edge of these plates 14 and the wall of the shell 11 is calculated so that these plates 14 can expand under the effect of the heat given off by the electrical resistances contained in the modules 6a, ... 61 without these plates touching the wall of the shell 11.
  • These plates 14 have openings in which are engaged rings 15 of insulating material surrounding the electrical conductors 9 supplying the modules 6a, ... 61 (see FIGS. 6 and 8 to 10).
  • All of these modules 6a, ... 61 is laterally fixed to vertical profiles 16 (of H section for example) which extend in the peripheral zone 8 (see Figures 2, 3, 9 and 10) and provide support for internal equipment.
  • the electrical conductors 9 supplying the modules 6a, ... 61 are metal tubes which extend (see FIGS. 6, 8 to 10) parallel to the axis of the ferrule 11 in the peripheral zone 8. These metal tubes 9 are connected by flexible metal braids 16a to the electrically resistant strips 7 contained in the modules 6a, ... 61.
  • each module 6a,... 61 includes two superimposed sets of sheets of resistant lamellae 7.
  • each module communicates with the peripheral zone 8 adjacent by a slot 9a a few millimeters wide formed between the upper edge 17 of the side wall of a module and the lower plate 14 supporting the upper module.
  • the lower bottom bowl 10 has in its side wall 18 radial passages 19 arranged for the arrivals of the conductive tubes 9 for the electrical supply of the modules 6a, ... 61.
  • passages 19 are closed by metal lids 20 crossed by insulating rings 21 which surround the metal tubes 9. These pass horizontally through the passages 19 then extend vertically into the lower compartment 10 and pass through the support plate 13 of the modules.
  • the bottom bowl 10 has five passages 19 which are each traversed by three conductors 9 and a sixth passage which is left in reserve; the number of penetrations fitted being a function of the power and the number of modules.
  • FIGS 13 to 15 show the principle of the electrical supply of the resistant modules of the device according to the invention.
  • each level comprising three modules.
  • the upper levels B, C, D are each supplied by three conductors 9 in the manner shown diagrammatically in FIG. 14.
  • each single-phase element such as a, b, represents a module for example 6e which is supplied with single-phase.
  • a level such as B-C or D is made up of three single-phase modules and corresponds to a power between 2 and 3 MW.
  • Each single-phase element such as a, b is composed of two layers of twice twenty seven resistant lamellas 7.
  • the lower level A is supplied by a pair of three conductors 9, as can be seen more clearly in FIG. 15. According to this supply mode, the power reaches 4 to 5 MW.
  • the electric heating device which has just been described has numerous advantages compared to the previous solutions.
  • the device is easily removable when it is desired, for example, to repair it.
  • the power supply conductors 9 of the modules are effectively cooled by a small part of the gas flow which passes through the peripheral zone 8, which guarantees their good resistance over time.
  • the heating power delivered by each element can be adjusted independently of the other levels.
  • the device according to the invention is perfectly suited for heating a gas at pressures reaching or exceeding 60 bars, in particular because the ferrule 11 is connected to the lower part 10 of the device by a single gasket. sealing and has no connection for the passage of electrical conductors or other organs, which considerably limits the risk of gas leakage.
  • modules 6a, ... 61 instead of being parallelepipedic could be cylindrical or have any other tubular shape.
  • resistant strips 7 instead of being made of expanded metal could be produced in another way, the main thing being that these strips have cutouts which make it possible to increase their resistance per unit area, without affecting free passage. gas to be heated between these strips.
  • this example provided with a three-phase alternating current supply is not limiting and the device of the present invention can be supplied by all kinds of electric currents, in particular direct current.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
EP84400304A 1983-02-21 1984-02-15 Elektrischer Widerstandserhitzer für ein Gasgemisch Expired EP0117201B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84400304T ATE19147T1 (de) 1983-02-21 1984-02-15 Elektrischer widerstandserhitzer fuer ein gasgemisch.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8302763A FR2541436A1 (fr) 1983-02-21 1983-02-21 Dispositif de chauffage electrique par effet joule direct pour chauffer un melange gazeux
FR8302763 1983-02-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0117201A1 true EP0117201A1 (de) 1984-08-29
EP0117201B1 EP0117201B1 (de) 1986-04-09

Family

ID=9286100

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84400304A Expired EP0117201B1 (de) 1983-02-21 1984-02-15 Elektrischer Widerstandserhitzer für ein Gasgemisch

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4577093A (de)
EP (1) EP0117201B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS59166240A (de)
AT (1) ATE19147T1 (de)
AU (1) AU560633B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1215736A (de)
DE (2) DE3460078D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2541436A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA841123B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2568672A1 (fr) * 1984-08-06 1986-02-07 Bertin & Cie Procede et dispositif de rechauffage de gaz par effet joule.

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2541133A1 (fr) * 1983-02-21 1984-08-24 Spie Batignolles Installation pour la transformation chimique d'un melange gazeux contenant de l'hydrogene et des hydrocarbures
JPH10220909A (ja) * 1996-12-03 1998-08-21 Komatsu Ltd 流体温度制御装置
DE10129675A1 (de) * 2001-06-20 2003-01-02 Solarworld Ag Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Beheizung eines senkrecht stehenden Raumes

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1263745B (de) * 1963-02-22 1968-03-21 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von ungesaettigten Kohlenwasserstoffen
FR1567557A (de) * 1967-05-30 1969-05-16
DE1297252B (de) * 1962-04-26 1969-06-12 Parsons C A & Co Ltd Elektrischer Gaserhitzer
FR2029559A1 (de) * 1969-01-28 1970-10-23 Laporte Industries Ltd
FR2418670A1 (fr) * 1978-03-03 1979-09-28 Ght Hochtemperaturreak Tech Installation pour la dissociation catalytique des gaz, en particulier pour la gazeification du charbon au moyen d'energie nucleaire

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US23795A (en) * 1859-04-26 Pump-box
US3116394A (en) * 1962-02-02 1963-12-31 Weldotrou Corp Heater
GB1267803A (en) * 1968-04-03 1972-03-22 Laporte Titanium Ltd Improvements in and relating to the heating of gases
DE2809020B2 (de) * 1978-03-02 1980-08-28 Adolf 7251 Weissach Berkmann Beschichtungskabine für das elektrostatische Auftragen von pulverförmigen Stoffen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1297252B (de) * 1962-04-26 1969-06-12 Parsons C A & Co Ltd Elektrischer Gaserhitzer
DE1263745B (de) * 1963-02-22 1968-03-21 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von ungesaettigten Kohlenwasserstoffen
FR1567557A (de) * 1967-05-30 1969-05-16
FR2029559A1 (de) * 1969-01-28 1970-10-23 Laporte Industries Ltd
FR2418670A1 (fr) * 1978-03-03 1979-09-28 Ght Hochtemperaturreak Tech Installation pour la dissociation catalytique des gaz, en particulier pour la gazeification du charbon au moyen d'energie nucleaire

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2568672A1 (fr) * 1984-08-06 1986-02-07 Bertin & Cie Procede et dispositif de rechauffage de gaz par effet joule.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2541436A1 (fr) 1984-08-24
AU560633B2 (en) 1987-04-09
CA1215736A (en) 1986-12-23
US4577093A (en) 1986-03-18
FR2541436B1 (de) 1985-05-17
JPS59166240A (ja) 1984-09-19
ATE19147T1 (de) 1986-04-15
EP0117201B1 (de) 1986-04-09
AU2473384A (en) 1984-08-30
ZA841123B (en) 1984-09-26
DE117201T1 (de) 1985-01-17
DE3460078D1 (en) 1986-05-15

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