EP0116490A1 - Piston for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Piston for internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0116490A1
EP0116490A1 EP84400052A EP84400052A EP0116490A1 EP 0116490 A1 EP0116490 A1 EP 0116490A1 EP 84400052 A EP84400052 A EP 84400052A EP 84400052 A EP84400052 A EP 84400052A EP 0116490 A1 EP0116490 A1 EP 0116490A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
chamber
ribs
define
internal combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84400052A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Auguste Moiroux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bmb Civile Ste
Original Assignee
Bmb Civile Ste
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bmb Civile Ste filed Critical Bmb Civile Ste
Publication of EP0116490A1 publication Critical patent/EP0116490A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/18—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/06—Arrangements for cooling pistons

Definitions

  • longitudinal ribs in the closed annular chamber situated between the piston and its internal lining, said ribs extending over most of the height of the chamber and being alternately inclined in one direction and then in the other. relative to the axis of the piston, so as to define, in said chamber, a succession of adjacent longitudinal channels whose section increases (or decreases) from one end of the piston towards the other.
  • the cylindrical piston 1 has an annular portion 2 provided with fins 3.
  • the latter is intended, as is known , to constitute the engine sweep pump and operates in a chamber at a relatively low temperature.
  • a cylindrical liner 4 coaxial with the piston.
  • a shoulder 4b of the liner 4 allows its attachment to the annular portion 2 of the piston.
  • the outside diameter of the liner 4 is less than the inside diameter of the piston 1 so that the assembly defines an annular chamber 5 which is sealed from the outside.
  • Chamber 5 will not, in general, be limited to the strict annular volume defined by the piston and its lining; on the contrary, it is preferable to close the liner 4 with a bottom 4a coming at some distance from the bottom of the piston which moves in the combustion chamber of the engine.
  • the closed chamber 5 has an annular part and a substantially flat volume (5a) between the bottoms 4a and the.
  • ribs 6 which are substantially longitudinal. They extend, as can be seen, over almost the entire height of the piston but stop at some distance from the shoulder 4b. On the side of the bottom 4a the ribs extend substantially to this bottom but, in the absence of flat volume 5a, should stop some distance from the bottom of the piston.
  • the ribs 6 have come from manufacture with the lining 4 and it can be seen in FIG. 2 that they are slightly inclined relative to the axis of the lining, alternately in one direction then in the other.
  • these ribs 6, very slightly helical, define adjacent longitudinal channels 7 throughout the annular part of the chamber 5.
  • all the channels 7 will be identical and their section will increase (or decrease) from one of the ends of the piston towards each other.
  • cooling fluid oil, sodium, etc.
  • the heat to be removed comes from the combustion chamber and is transmitted to the piston 1 on the side of its bottom 1a.
  • the piston 1 moves in the direction of the arrow F and the coolant which had collected in the chamber 5a on the bottom side la is first entrained in the movement of the piston.
  • the cooling fluid continues its movement by inertia in the direction of the arrow F, mainly using those of the channels 7 whose section is the greatest in the vicinity of the bottom of the piston.
  • the speed of the fluid increases rapidly, in the channels 7, the section of which decreases and becomes very high when it reaches the shoulder 4b.
  • the heat transfer then takes place satisfactorily between the cooling fluid and the annular portion 2 cooled by the purge air, thanks in particular to the fins 3.
  • the invention can be implemented on most pistons for internal combustion engines, in particular on those whose cooling is difficult to obtain by known means.
  • the ribs 6 are produced at the same time as the jacket 4, it is obvious that these ribs could be produced at the same time as the piston 1.
  • the piston and the jacket 4 are generally constituted by molded parts then machined, which allows easy production of the ribs.

Abstract

Piston pour moteur à combustion interne, en particulier pour moteur à piston libre, comportant un ensemble de deux cylindres coaxiaux, le cylindre intérieur (4) présentant un diamètre extérieur sensiblement inférieur au diamètre intérieur du cylindre extérieur (1) de façon à définir une chambre fermée annulaire (5) apte à recevoir un fluide de refroidissement. Des nervures longitudinales (6) sont prévues dans la chambre fermée annulaire (5) et s'étendent sur la majeure partie de la hauteur de celle-ci, lesdites nervures étant alternativement inclinées dans un sens puis dans l'autre par rapport à l'axe du piston de façon à définir, dans ladite chambre, une succession de canaux longitudinaux adjacents dont la section augmente depuis l'une des extrémités du piston vers l'autre.Piston for an internal combustion engine, in particular for a free piston engine, comprising a set of two coaxial cylinders, the inner cylinder (4) having an outer diameter substantially smaller than the inner diameter of the outer cylinder (1) so as to define a chamber closed ring (5) adapted to receive a cooling fluid. Longitudinal ribs (6) are provided in the annular closed chamber (5) and extend over most of the height thereof, said ribs being alternately inclined in one direction and then in the other with respect to the axis of the piston so as to define, in said chamber, a succession of adjacent longitudinal channels whose section increases from one of the ends of the piston towards the other.

Description

On sait que le refroidissement des pistons pour moteurs à combustion interne est un problème délicat, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit de moteurs à pistons libres. On a déjà proposé dans le brevet FR-A-2 441 073 de disposer à l'intérieur du piston moteur creux, un chemisage coaxial au piston, et d'assurer, entre le piston et son chemisage, une circulation d'un fluide de refroidissement enfermé dans le piston, sous l'action du mouvement de ce dernier. Toutefois les essais ont montré que l'efficacité du refroidissement ainsi obtenu peut être améliorée grâce à certaines dispositions destinées à régulariser la circulation du fluide à l'intérieur du piston.It is known that the cooling of pistons for internal combustion engines is a delicate problem, in particular when it comes to free piston engines. It has already been proposed in patent FR-A-2 441 073 to have a lining coaxial with the piston inside the hollow piston, and to ensure, between the piston and its lining, a circulation of a cooling enclosed in the piston, under the action of the movement of the latter. However, tests have shown that the cooling efficiency thus obtained can be improved thanks to certain provisions intended to regulate the circulation of the fluid inside the piston.

Selon l'invention on dispose des nervures longitudinales dans la chambre annulaire fermée située entre le piston et son chemisage intérieur, lesdites nervures s'étendant sur la majeure partie de la hauteur de la chambre et étant alternativement inclinées dans un sens puis dans l'autre par rapport à l'axe du piston, de façon à définir, dans ladite chambre, une succession de canaux longitudinaux adjacents dont la section augmente (ou diminue) depuis l'une des extrémités du piston vers l'autre.According to the invention, there are longitudinal ribs in the closed annular chamber situated between the piston and its internal lining, said ribs extending over most of the height of the chamber and being alternately inclined in one direction and then in the other. relative to the axis of the piston, so as to define, in said chamber, a succession of adjacent longitudinal channels whose section increases (or decreases) from one end of the piston towards the other.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et diverses caractéristiques secondaires ainsi que ses avantages apparaîtront au cours de la description en référence au dessin annexé, dans lequel

  • - la figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un piston selon l'invention;
  • - la figure 2 est une vue développée de la surface extérieure du chemisage du piston.
The invention will be better understood and various secondary characteristics as well as its advantages will appear during the description with reference to the appended drawing, in which
  • - Figure 1 is a sectional view of a piston according to the invention;
  • - Figure 2 is a developed view of the outer surface of the piston liner.

Si l'on se reporte au dessin on voit un piston moteur destiné plus particulièrement à un moteur à piston libre. En effet à l'une de ses extrémités, qui est opposée à celle destinée à pénétrer dans la chambre de combustion du moteur, le piston cylindrique 1 présente une portion annulaire 2 pourvue d'ailettes 3. Cette dernière est destinée, comme on le sait, à constituer la pompe de balayage du moteur et évolue dans une chambre à température relativement basse.If we refer to the drawing we see a driving piston intended more particularly for a free piston engine. Indeed at one of its ends, which is opposite to that intended to enter the combustion chamber of the engine, the cylindrical piston 1 has an annular portion 2 provided with fins 3. The latter is intended, as is known , to constitute the engine sweep pump and operates in a chamber at a relatively low temperature.

A l'intérieur du piston creux 1 est disposé un chemisage cylindrique 4 coaxial au piston. Un épaulement 4b du chemisage 4 permet sa fixation sur la portion annulaire 2 du piston. Le diamètre extérieur du chemisage 4 est inférieur au diamètre intérieur du piston 1 de sorte que l'ensemble définit une chambre annulaire 5 étanche vis-à-vis de l'extérieur. La chambre 5 ne sera pas, en général, limitée au strict volume annulaire défini par le piston et son chemisage; on préférera, au contraire, fermer le chemisage 4 par un fond 4a venant à quelque distance du fond la du piston qui évolue dans la chambre de combustion du moteur. Ainsi, comme représenté sur le dessin, la chambre fermée 5 comporte une partie annulaire et un volume sensiblement plat (5a) entre les fonds 4a et la.Inside the hollow piston 1 is disposed a cylindrical liner 4 coaxial with the piston. A shoulder 4b of the liner 4 allows its attachment to the annular portion 2 of the piston. The outside diameter of the liner 4 is less than the inside diameter of the piston 1 so that the assembly defines an annular chamber 5 which is sealed from the outside. Chamber 5 will not, in general, be limited to the strict annular volume defined by the piston and its lining; on the contrary, it is preferable to close the liner 4 with a bottom 4a coming at some distance from the bottom of the piston which moves in the combustion chamber of the engine. Thus, as shown in the drawing, the closed chamber 5 has an annular part and a substantially flat volume (5a) between the bottoms 4a and the.

Dans l'épaisseur de la partie annulaire de la chambre 5 sont prévues des nervures 6 sensiblement longitudinales. Elles s'étendent, comme on le voit, sur la quasi-totalité de la hauteur du piston mais s'arrêtent à quelque distance de l'épaulement 4b. Du côté du fond 4a les nervures s'étendent sensiblement jusqu'à ce fond mais, en l'absence de volume plat 5a, devraient s'arrêter à quelque distance du fond la du piston.In the thickness of the annular part of the chamber 5 are provided ribs 6 which are substantially longitudinal. They extend, as can be seen, over almost the entire height of the piston but stop at some distance from the shoulder 4b. On the side of the bottom 4a the ribs extend substantially to this bottom but, in the absence of flat volume 5a, should stop some distance from the bottom of the piston.

De préférence les nervures 6 sont venues de fabrication avec le chemisage 4 et on voit sur la figure 2 qu'elles sont légèrement inclinées par rapport à l'axe du chemisage, alternativement dans un sens puis dans l'autre. Ainsi, ces nervures 6, très légèrement hélicoïdales, définissent des canaux longitudinaux adjacents 7 dans toute la partie annulaire de la chambre 5. De préférence tous les canaux 7 seront identiques et leur section va en croissant (ou en diminuant) depuis l'une des extrémités du piston vers l'autre.Preferably, the ribs 6 have come from manufacture with the lining 4 and it can be seen in FIG. 2 that they are slightly inclined relative to the axis of the lining, alternately in one direction then in the other. Thus, these ribs 6, very slightly helical, define adjacent longitudinal channels 7 throughout the annular part of the chamber 5. Preferably all the channels 7 will be identical and their section will increase (or decrease) from one of the ends of the piston towards each other.

Au moment du montage du chemisage 4 une certaine quantité de fluide de refroidissement (huile, sodium, etc.) est emprisonnée dans la chambre 5.When fitting the lining 4 a certain amount of cooling fluid (oil, sodium, etc.) is trapped in the chamber 5.

Pendant le fonctionnement du moteur,la chaleur à évacuer provient de la chambre de combustion et est transmise au piston 1 du côté de son fond 1a. Après l'explosion,le piston 1 se déplace dans le sens de la flèche F et le fluide de refroidissement qui s'était rassemblé dans la chambre 5a du côté du fond la est d'abord entraîné dans le mouvement du piston. Lorsque celui-ci ralentit pour finalement s'arrêter, le fluide de refroidissement poursuit son mouvement par inertie dans le sens de la flèche F, en empruntant principalement ceux des canaux 7 dont la section est la plus grande au voisinage du fond la du piston. La vitesse du fluide augmente rapidement, dans les canaux 7 dont la section diminue et devient très élevée lorsqu'il atteint l'épaulement 4b. Le transfert thermique s'effectue alors de façon satisfaisante entre le fluide de refroidissement et la portion annulaire 2 refroidie par l'air de balayage, grâce en particulier aux ailettes 3.During the operation of the engine, the heat to be removed comes from the combustion chamber and is transmitted to the piston 1 on the side of its bottom 1a. After the explosion, the piston 1 moves in the direction of the arrow F and the coolant which had collected in the chamber 5a on the bottom side la is first entrained in the movement of the piston. When the latter slows down and finally stops, the cooling fluid continues its movement by inertia in the direction of the arrow F, mainly using those of the channels 7 whose section is the greatest in the vicinity of the bottom of the piston. The speed of the fluid increases rapidly, in the channels 7, the section of which decreases and becomes very high when it reaches the shoulder 4b. The heat transfer then takes place satisfactorily between the cooling fluid and the annular portion 2 cooled by the purge air, thanks in particular to the fins 3.

Lors du retour du piston 1, des phénomènes analogues se produisent, le fluide de refroidissement débouchant à grande vitesse dans le volume 5a au moment où le piston s'arrête, après avoir comprimé le mélange combustible. Le transfert de la chaleur entre le fond la du piston et le fluide de refroidissement s'effectue alors dans de bonnes conditions.When the piston 1 returns, similar phenomena occur, the cooling fluid emerging at high speed into the volume 5a at the moment when the piston stops, after having compressed the combustible mixture. The transfer of heat between the bottom of the piston and the coolant then takes place under good conditions.

L'invention peut être réalisée sur la plupart des pistons pour moteurs à combustion interne, notamment sur ceux dont le refroidissement est difficilement obtenu par les moyens connus. Bien que l'on ait décrit, en référence aux dessins, un mode de réalisation dans lequel les nervures 6 sont fabriquées en même temps que la chemise 4, il est bien évident que ces nervures pourraient être fabriquées en même temps que le piston 1. On sait en effet que le piston et la chemise 4 sont généralement constitués par des pièces moulées puis usinées, ce qui permet une réalisation facile des nervures.The invention can be implemented on most pistons for internal combustion engines, in particular on those whose cooling is difficult to obtain by known means. Although an embodiment has been described, with reference to the drawings, in which the ribs 6 are produced at the same time as the jacket 4, it is obvious that these ribs could be produced at the same time as the piston 1. It is indeed known that the piston and the jacket 4 are generally constituted by molded parts then machined, which allows easy production of the ribs.

Claims (2)

1. Piston pour moteur à combustion interne, en particulier pour moteur à piston libre, comportant un ensemble de deux cylindres coaxiaux, le cylindre intérieur (4) présentant un diamètre extérieur sensiblement inférieur au diamètre intérieur du cylindre extérieur (1) de façon à définir une chambre fermée annulaire (5) apte à recevoir un fluide de refroidissement, caractérisé en ce que des nervures longitudinales (6) sont prévues dans la chambre fermée annulaire (5) et s'étendent sur la majeure partie de la hauteur de celle-ci, lesdites nervures étant alternativement inclinées dans un sens puis dans l'autre par rapport à l'axe du piston de façon à définir, dans ladite chambre,une succession de canaux longitudinaux adjacents (7) dont la section augmente depuis l'une des extrémités du piston vers l'autre.1. Piston for internal combustion engine, in particular for free piston engine, comprising a set of two coaxial cylinders, the inner cylinder (4) having an outer diameter substantially smaller than the inner diameter of the outer cylinder (1) so as to define an annular closed chamber (5) capable of receiving a cooling fluid, characterized in that longitudinal ribs (6) are provided in the annular closed chamber (5) and extend over most of the height thereof , said ribs being alternately inclined in one direction and then in the other with respect to the axis of the piston so as to define, in said chamber, a succession of adjacent longitudinal channels (7) whose section increases from one of the ends from the piston to the other. 2. Piston selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que du côté de la chambre de combustion, le cylindre intérieur (4) possède un fond (4a) espacé du fond (la) du cylindre extérieur (1), le volume plat (5a) compris entre les deux fonds (la) et (4a) étant en communication avec la chambre fermée annulaire (5) et les canaux adjacents (7) débouchant dans ledit volume plat.2. Piston according to claim 1, characterized in that on the side of the combustion chamber, the inner cylinder (4) has a bottom (4a) spaced from the bottom (la) of the outer cylinder (1), the flat volume (5a ) between the two bottoms (la) and (4a) being in communication with the annular closed chamber (5) and the adjacent channels (7) opening into said flat volume.
EP84400052A 1983-01-27 1984-01-11 Piston for internal combustion engine Withdrawn EP0116490A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8301236A FR2540183A1 (en) 1983-01-27 1983-01-27 PISTON FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
FR8301236 1983-01-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0116490A1 true EP0116490A1 (en) 1984-08-22

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ID=9285332

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84400052A Withdrawn EP0116490A1 (en) 1983-01-27 1984-01-11 Piston for internal combustion engine

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US4513697A (en)
EP (1) EP0116490A1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59145343A (en)
ES (1) ES285507Y (en)
FR (1) FR2540183A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6929455B2 (en) 2002-10-15 2005-08-16 Tecumseh Products Company Horizontal two stage rotary compressor

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU9150991A (en) * 1991-01-22 1992-09-07 Viktor Veniaminovich Zherebtsov One-cycle engine
KR20050039320A (en) * 2003-10-24 2005-04-29 현대자동차주식회사 Piston for internal combustion engine
US6904876B1 (en) * 2004-06-28 2005-06-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Sodium cooled pistons for a free piston engine
SE535330C2 (en) * 2010-12-09 2012-06-26 Peter Nyberg Högtemperaturkolv
DE102011114105A1 (en) * 2010-12-18 2012-06-21 Mahle International Gmbh Piston for an internal combustion engine and method for its production
US8544441B2 (en) * 2011-08-04 2013-10-01 Federal-Mogul Ignition Company Piston including a pair of cooling chambers
JP2021102928A (en) * 2019-12-24 2021-07-15 トヨタ自動車株式会社 piston

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR452835A (en) * 1913-01-02 1913-05-23 Hans Windhoff Cylinder cooling device for combustion engines
DE396902C (en) * 1921-06-10 1924-06-11 Jacques Francois Felies Cooling water jacket, especially for internal combustion engines
CH113422A (en) * 1925-02-13 1926-03-16 Otto Philipp Piston cooling device for internal combustion engines.
US1608811A (en) * 1923-06-09 1926-11-30 John T Rauen Piston-cooling system
US1682357A (en) * 1928-08-28 sperry
FR2441073A1 (en) * 1978-11-13 1980-06-06 Moiroux Auguste Combined IC engine and air compressor - has air cushion cylinder to reverse direction at end of stroke between combustion and compression cylinders

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US195585A (en) * 1877-09-25 Improvement in gas-engines
US942140A (en) * 1906-11-02 1909-12-07 William R Donaldson Explosive-engine.
GB191015216A (en) * 1909-11-22 1910-10-27 Fried Krupp Germaniawerft Ag Improvements in and relating to Piston Cooling Devices for Internal Combustion Engines.
US3314402A (en) * 1965-06-03 1967-04-18 Rostock Dieselmotoren Apparatus for cooling a piston
US4013047A (en) * 1975-12-12 1977-03-22 General Motors Corporation Engine with combustion wall temperature control means
US4470375A (en) * 1983-06-09 1984-09-11 Automotive Engine Associates Fully hydrodynamic piston ring and piston assembly with elastomerically conforming geometry and internal cooling

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1682357A (en) * 1928-08-28 sperry
FR452835A (en) * 1913-01-02 1913-05-23 Hans Windhoff Cylinder cooling device for combustion engines
DE396902C (en) * 1921-06-10 1924-06-11 Jacques Francois Felies Cooling water jacket, especially for internal combustion engines
US1608811A (en) * 1923-06-09 1926-11-30 John T Rauen Piston-cooling system
CH113422A (en) * 1925-02-13 1926-03-16 Otto Philipp Piston cooling device for internal combustion engines.
FR2441073A1 (en) * 1978-11-13 1980-06-06 Moiroux Auguste Combined IC engine and air compressor - has air cushion cylinder to reverse direction at end of stroke between combustion and compression cylinders

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6929455B2 (en) 2002-10-15 2005-08-16 Tecumseh Products Company Horizontal two stage rotary compressor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES285507U (en) 1985-09-01
JPS59145343A (en) 1984-08-20
US4513697A (en) 1985-04-30
FR2540183B1 (en) 1985-05-10
ES285507Y (en) 1986-05-01
FR2540183A1 (en) 1984-08-03

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