EP0116487B1 - Grouns plane antenna - Google Patents

Grouns plane antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0116487B1
EP0116487B1 EP19840400038 EP84400038A EP0116487B1 EP 0116487 B1 EP0116487 B1 EP 0116487B1 EP 19840400038 EP19840400038 EP 19840400038 EP 84400038 A EP84400038 A EP 84400038A EP 0116487 B1 EP0116487 B1 EP 0116487B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
length
aerial
hundred
whip
order
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19840400038
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0116487A1 (en
Inventor
Frédéric Ngo Bui Hung
Yves Foissac
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Laboratoire D'etudes Et De Recherches Chimiques Lerc Sa
Original Assignee
Laboratoire D'etudes Et De Recherches Chimiques Lerc Sa
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0116487A1 publication Critical patent/EP0116487A1/en
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Publication of EP0116487B1 publication Critical patent/EP0116487B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
    • H01Q9/38—Vertical arrangement of element with counterpoise

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ground plane antenna, for fixed or semi-mobile station, covering a frequency band greater than one octave for a standing wave rate at most equal to three. It applies in particular to stations working in the old and new very high frequency bands for military use, ranging from twenty six to seventy six megahertz and from thirty to eighty eight megahertz respectively.
  • antennas with an artificial ground plane comprising a radiating strand or "whip" having, with respect to the wave of the useful frequency, a length of the order of a quarter wave, so that in combination with its image reflected by the artificial ground and which forms a fictitious radiating strand, it realizes an antenna equivalent to a conventional half-wave.
  • This antenna already appreciated for the fact that it is not directive, is also advantageous in that it is favorable to distant links because it radiates at an angle close to the horizontal.
  • this artificial soil currently consists of three or four horizontal or inclined conductors connected together at the foot of the whip towards which they converge.
  • this length of the counterweights is in itself unanimously considered by those skilled in the art to be in no way critical.
  • the ratio is of fifty.
  • a result which the invention aims to obtain is an antenna of the type cited above, having radioelectric qualities optimized throughout the wide frequency band where it is intended to operate without being bulky and without requiring either a tuning box , nor resistive loads.
  • the counterweights have a length of between one hundred and forty and one hundred and eighty percent of the length of the whip.
  • the counterweights 4, 5, 6 like the whip 2 can be of any known type and in particular can be dismantled and / or be produced in one or more sections 7, 8, 9 of short length to facilitate transport.
  • this antenna 1 is coupled directly or by any known means, such as a system 10 transformer of impedance in a determined ratio, in order to adapt the characteristic impedance of the antenna 1 to that of said transmission line or as a broadband coupler (not shown) of the type capable of constituting a network having a defined diagram.
  • any known means such as a system 10 transformer of impedance in a determined ratio, in order to adapt the characteristic impedance of the antenna 1 to that of said transmission line or as a broadband coupler (not shown) of the type capable of constituting a network having a defined diagram.
  • this antenna works like a dipole with two radiating strands, one real constituted by the whip the other fictitious constituted by its image reflected by ground plane.
  • the fictitious radiating strand of the antenna has a length which is between one hundred and forty and one hundred and eighty percent of the length of the actual radiating strand.
  • counterweights 4, 5, 6 which have a length KL of between one hundred and forty and one hundred and eighty percent of the length of the whip 2 and preferably equal to one hundred sixty percent of that length of the whip.
  • the whips and counterweights will be respectively one thousand eight hundred and two thousand nine hundred millimeters long in the old band (twenty six to seventy sixteen megahertz) or one thousand six hundred and two thousand five one hundred millimeters in the new band (thirty to eighty eight megahertz).
  • the counterweights 4, 5, 6 each form with the whip 2 an angle of the order of one hundred and thirty five degrees and are three in number.
  • the inventors have in fact found that with such an asymmetrical antenna in such proportions, the variation in the resistance to radiation is much smaller than with a symmetrical dipole or a conventional ground plane antenna whose counterweights have lengths equal to that of the whip. Indeed, with this proportion of asymmetry between the radiating strands, always for a variation in the number of waves between eleven tenths and thirty three tenths of waves between the maximum radiation resistance which is four hundred ohms and the resistance to minimum radiation which is fifty ohms, the ratio is now eight instead of fifty.
  • the asymmetrical antenna in the aforementioned characteristic ratio is, for a standing wave rate less than three, directly adapted, in a frequency band of more than one octave, to a characteristic impedance transmission line. one hundred and thirty five ohms.
  • this antenna can of course be adapted to any other characteristic impedance of the line.
  • the antenna thus obtained can obviously be combined with at least one other antenna by a coupler.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Description

L'invention se rapporte à une antenne à plan de sol, pour station fixe ou semi-mobile, couvrant une bande de fréquences supérieure à une octave pour un taux d'ondes stationnaires au plus égal à trois. Elle s'applique notamment aux stations travaillant dans les ancienne et nouvelle bandes des très hautes fréquences à usages militaires, s'étendant respectivement de vingt six à soixante seize mégahertz et de trente à quatre vingt huit mégahertz. On connaît déjà des antennes à plan de sol artificiel comprenant un brin rayonnant ou "fouet" ayant, par rapport à l'onde de la fréquence utile, une longueur de l'ordre du quart d'onde, de manière qu'en combinaison avec son image réfléchie par le sol artificiel et qui forme un brin rayonnant fictif, elle réalise une antenne équivalente à une demi-onde classique. Cette antenne, déjà appréciée du fait qu'elle n'est pas directive, est également intéressante en ce qu'elle est favorable aux liaisons lointaines du fait qu'elle rayonne suivant un angle voisin de l'horizontale.The invention relates to a ground plane antenna, for fixed or semi-mobile station, covering a frequency band greater than one octave for a standing wave rate at most equal to three. It applies in particular to stations working in the old and new very high frequency bands for military use, ranging from twenty six to seventy six megahertz and from thirty to eighty eight megahertz respectively. There are already known antennas with an artificial ground plane comprising a radiating strand or "whip" having, with respect to the wave of the useful frequency, a length of the order of a quarter wave, so that in combination with its image reflected by the artificial ground and which forms a fictitious radiating strand, it realizes an antenna equivalent to a conventional half-wave. This antenna, already appreciated for the fact that it is not directive, is also advantageous in that it is favorable to distant links because it radiates at an angle close to the horizontal.

Dans ces antennes à sol artificiel, ce sol artificiel est constitué actuellement de trois ou quatre conducteurs horizontaux ou inclinés reliés entre eux au pied du fouet vers lequel ils convergent.In these artificial soil antennas, this artificial soil currently consists of three or four horizontal or inclined conductors connected together at the foot of the whip towards which they converge.

Pour respecter une certaine symétrie, ces conducteurs eux-mêmes communément dénommés brins "contre-poids":

  • - d'une part, ont bien sûr tous une même longueur, et
  • - d'autre part, sont régulièrement répartis autour du fouet.
To respect a certain symmetry, these conductors themselves commonly known as "counterweight" strands:
  • - on the one hand, of course all have the same length, and
  • - on the other hand, are regularly distributed around the whip.

Souvent égale à celle du fouet, cette longueur des contre-poids est toutefois en elle-même unanimement considérée par les hommes de l'art comme n'étant nullement critique.Often equal to that of the whip, this length of the counterweights is in itself unanimously considered by those skilled in the art to be in no way critical.

Travaillant comme une antenne dipôle demie- onde classique et donc à deux brins rayonnants symétriques, comme ces antennes dipôles, les antennes à plan de sol connues à ce jour présentent pour une longueur donnée une variation d'impédance très importante lors de la modification de la fréquence d'utilisation et donc du nombre d'ondes que représente cette longueur (figure 2).Working as a conventional half-wave dipole antenna and therefore with two symmetrical radiating strands, like these dipole antennas, the ground plane antennas known to date present for a given length a very significant variation in impedance when modifying the frequency of use and therefore the number of waves represented by this length (Figure 2).

En effet, pour une variation du nombre d'ondes de onze dixièmes à trente trois dixièmes d'ondes, entre la résistance au rayonnement maximum qui est de sept cent cinquante ohms et la résistance au rayonnement minimum qui est de quinze ohms, le rapport est de cinquante.Indeed, for a variation in the number of waves from eleven tenths to thirty three tenths of waves, between the maximum radiation resistance which is seven hundred and fifty ohms and the minimum radiation resistance which is fifteen ohms, the ratio is of fifty.

Aussi, avec les antennes connues à ce jour, pour pouvoir couvrir une bande de fréquences de plus d'une octave, il faut:

  • - soit, coupler deux dipôles disposés dans le prolongement l'un de l'autre, mais ces antennes dites "colinéaires" sont très encombrantes et peu adaptées à des montages-démontages rapides et fréquents,
  • - soit, équiper l'antenne -ou d'une boîte d'accord- ou de charges résistives, ce qui, malheureusement, dans le cas de la boîte d'accord, nécessite un cable de télécommande qui est lui-même peu pratique, et, dans le cas, des charges résistives, réduit le rendement de l'antenne.
Also, with the antennas known to date, to be able to cover a frequency band of more than one octave, it is necessary:
  • either, coupling two dipoles arranged in the extension of one another, but these so-called "collinear" antennas are very bulky and not very suitable for quick and frequent mounting-dismantling,
  • - either, equip the antenna - or a tuning box - or resistive loads, which, unfortunately, in the case of the tuning box, requires a remote control cable which is itself impractical, and, in the case, resistive loads, reduces the efficiency of the antenna.

Un résultat que l'invention vise à obtenir est une antenne du type cité plus haut, présentant des qualités radioélectriques optimisées dans toute la large bande des fréquences où elle est destinée à fonctionner sans pour autant être encombrante et sans nécessiter ni une boîte d'accord, ni des charges résistives. A cet effet, elle a pour objet une telle antenne notamment caractérisée en ce que les contre-poids ont une longueur comprise entre cent quarante et cent quatre vingts pour cent de la longueur du fouet.A result which the invention aims to obtain is an antenna of the type cited above, having radioelectric qualities optimized throughout the wide frequency band where it is intended to operate without being bulky and without requiring either a tuning box , nor resistive loads. To this end, it relates to such an antenna, in particular characterized in that the counterweights have a length of between one hundred and forty and one hundred and eighty percent of the length of the whip.

L'invention sera bien comprise à l'aide de la; description ci-après faite, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard du dessin ci-annexé qui représente:

  • - figure 1: une antenne à plan de sol vue de face,
  • - figures 2 et 3: des diagrammes d'impédance.
  • En se reportant à la figure 1, on voit que l'antenne 1 comprend un brin rayonnant ou "fouet" 2, ayant une longueur L égale, environ, au quart de la longueur d'onde de la fréquence médiane de la bande utile.
  • Sur le support 3 de ce fouet 2 sont montés des brins "contre-poids" 4, 5, 6 qui, afin de constituer un sol artificiel:
  • - ont tous une même longueur KL,
  • - font tous un même angle a avec le fouet au pied duquel ils convergent et,
  • - présentent entre eux des écarts angulaires égaux.
The invention will be well understood using the; description given below, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended drawing which represents:
  • - Figure 1: a ground plane antenna seen from the front,
  • - Figures 2 and 3: impedance diagrams.
  • Referring to Figure 1, we see that the antenna 1 comprises a radiating strand or "whip" 2, having a length L equal, approximately, to a quarter of the wavelength of the median frequency of the useful band.
  • On the support 3 of this whip 2 are mounted "counterweight" strands 4, 5, 6 which, in order to constitute an artificial soil:
  • - all have the same length KL,
  • - all make the same angle a with the whip at the foot of which they converge and,
  • - have equal angular differences between them.

Les contre-poids 4, 5, 6 comme le fouet 2 peuvent être de tout type connu et notamment être démontables et/ou être réalisés en un seul ou plusieurs tronçons 7, 8, 9 de faible longueur pour faciliter le transport.The counterweights 4, 5, 6 like the whip 2 can be of any known type and in particular can be dismantled and / or be produced in one or more sections 7, 8, 9 of short length to facilitate transport.

A sa ligne de transmission (non représentée), cette antenne 1 est couplée directement ou par l'intermédiaire de tout moyen connu, tel un système 10 transformateur d'impédance dans un rapport déterminé, afin d'adapter l'impédance caractéristique de l'antenne 1 à celle de la dite ligne de transmission ou tel un coupleur large bande (non représenté) de type apte à constituer un réseau présentant un diagramme défini.To its transmission line (not shown), this antenna 1 is coupled directly or by any known means, such as a system 10 transformer of impedance in a determined ratio, in order to adapt the characteristic impedance of the antenna 1 to that of said transmission line or as a broadband coupler (not shown) of the type capable of constituting a network having a defined diagram.

De manière connue, cette antenne travaille comme un dipôle à deux brins rayonnants, l'un réel constitué par le fouet l'autre fictif constitué par son image réfléchie par plan de sol.In known manner, this antenna works like a dipole with two radiating strands, one real constituted by the whip the other fictitious constituted by its image reflected by ground plane.

Le brin rayonnant fictif de l'antenne a une longueur qui est comprise entre cent quarante et cent quatre vingts pour cent de la longueur du brin rayonnant réel.The fictitious radiating strand of the antenna has a length which is between one hundred and forty and one hundred and eighty percent of the length of the actual radiating strand.

Dans l'application aux antennes à contre-poids, ce sont les contre-poids 4, 5, 6 qui ont une longueur KL comprise entre cent quarante et cent quatre vingts pour cent de la longueur du fouet 2 et de préférence, égale à cent soixante pour cent de cette longueur du fouet.In the application to counterweight antennas, these are the counterweights 4, 5, 6 which have a length KL of between one hundred and forty and one hundred and eighty percent of the length of the whip 2 and preferably equal to one hundred sixty percent of that length of the whip.

Par exemple, pour les applications dans les bandes des très hautes fréquences à usages militaires, les fouets et contre-poids auront respectivement mille huit cent et deux mille neuf cent millimètres de long dans l'ancienne bande (vingt six à soixante seize mégahertz) ou de mille six cent et deux mille cinq cent millimètres dans la nouvelle bande (trente à quatre vingt huit mégahertz).For example, for applications in very high frequency bands for military use, the whips and counterweights will be respectively one thousand eight hundred and two thousand nine hundred millimeters long in the old band (twenty six to seventy sixteen megahertz) or one thousand six hundred and two thousand five one hundred millimeters in the new band (thirty to eighty eight megahertz).

Au lieu d'être horizontaux, les contre-poids 4, 5, 6 forment chacun avec le fouet 2 un angle de l'ordre de cent trente cinq degrés et sont au nombre de trois.Instead of being horizontal, the counterweights 4, 5, 6 each form with the whip 2 an angle of the order of one hundred and thirty five degrees and are three in number.

Les inventeurs ont en effet constaté qu'avec une telle antenne asymétrique dans de telles proportions, la variation de la résistance au rayonnement est nettement plus faible qu'avec un dipôle symétrique ou une antenne à plan de sol classique dont les contre-poids ont des longueurs égales à celle du fouet. En effet, avec cette proportion d'asymétrie entre les brins rayonnants, toujours pour une variation du nombre d'ondes comprise entre onze dixièmes et trente trois dixièmes d'ondes entre la résistance au rayonnement maximum qui est de quatre cents ohms et la résistance au rayonnement minimum qui est de cinquante ohms, le rapport est maintenant de huit au lieu de cinquante.The inventors have in fact found that with such an asymmetrical antenna in such proportions, the variation in the resistance to radiation is much smaller than with a symmetrical dipole or a conventional ground plane antenna whose counterweights have lengths equal to that of the whip. Indeed, with this proportion of asymmetry between the radiating strands, always for a variation in the number of waves between eleven tenths and thirty three tenths of waves between the maximum radiation resistance which is four hundred ohms and the resistance to minimum radiation which is fifty ohms, the ratio is now eight instead of fifty.

Ce résultat démontre que l'antenne asymétrique dans le rapport caractéristique précité est, pour un taux d'ondes stationnaires inférieur à trois, directement adaptée, dans une bande de fréquences de plus d'une octave, à une ligne de transmission d'impédance caractéristique de cent trente cinq ohms.This result demonstrates that the asymmetrical antenna in the aforementioned characteristic ratio is, for a standing wave rate less than three, directly adapted, in a frequency band of more than one octave, to a characteristic impedance transmission line. one hundred and thirty five ohms.

A travers le système 10 de transformation d'impédance à large bande, cette antenne peut bien sûr être adaptée à n'importe quelle autre impédance caractéristique de la ligne.Through the broadband impedance transformation system 10, this antenna can of course be adapted to any other characteristic impedance of the line.

L'antenne ainsi obtenue peut évidemment être combinée à au moins une autre antenne par un coupleur.The antenna thus obtained can obviously be combined with at least one other antenna by a coupler.

En résumé, comme caractéristiques radioélectriques optimisées dans la bande de fréquences où elle est destinée à être utilisée, cette antenne présente donc (figure 3):

  • - un taux d'ondes stationnaires inférieur à trois,
  • - un diagramme de rayonnement avec un dépointage minimum,
  • - un bon découplage avec la ligne de transmission,
  • - un rendement élevé.
In summary, as optimized radio characteristics in the frequency band where it is intended to be used, this antenna therefore has (Figure 3):
  • - a standing wave rate of less than three,
  • - a radiation diagram with a minimum depointing,
  • - good decoupling with the transmission line,
  • - high efficiency.

Contrairement à ce qu'elle était unanimement considérée par les hommes de l'art, la longueur des contre-poids offre donc une valeur critique.Contrary to what was unanimously considered by those skilled in the art, the length of the counterweights therefore offers a critical value.

Claims (7)

1. Ground plane aerial comprising on the one hand, an emission lead or "whip" (2) having a determined length (L) and, on the other hand, "counterweight" leads (4, 5, 6) which, in order to create the ground plane, all have the same length (KL) and all form one and the same angle (a) with the whip (2), towards the foot of which they converge, and all form equal angles between themselves, said aerial being characterised in that the counterweights (4, 5, 6) have a length (KL) comprised between one hundred and forty and one hundred and eighty per cent of the length (L) of the whip (2).
2. Aerial according to claim 1, characterised in that the length (KL) is equal to one hundred and sixty per cent of the length (L).
3. Aerial according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the angle (a) formed by the counterweights (4, 5, 6) with the whip (2) is of the order of one hundred and thirty-five degrees.
4. Aerial according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the counterweight leads are three in number.
5. Aerial according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the length (L) of the emission lead (2) is of the order of a quarter- wave on the median frequency of the frequency band in which it is desired to use the aerial.
6. Aerial according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is combined with an impedance transformer in a determined relation, with a wide band, transforming the characteristic impedance of the aerial in order to bring it to the characteristic impedance of the power supply line.
7. Aerial according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that it is combined with at least one other of these aerials by a wide band coupler, in order to constitute a network which presents a definite diagram.
EP19840400038 1983-01-13 1984-01-09 Grouns plane antenna Expired EP0116487B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8300736A FR2539557B3 (en) 1983-01-13 1983-01-13 BROADBAND ANTENNA
FR8300736 1983-01-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0116487A1 EP0116487A1 (en) 1984-08-22
EP0116487B1 true EP0116487B1 (en) 1988-09-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19840400038 Expired EP0116487B1 (en) 1983-01-13 1984-01-09 Grouns plane antenna

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EP (1) EP0116487B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3474238D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2539557B3 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE9702429D0 (en) * 1997-06-25 1997-06-25 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Retractable tripod antenna
FR2783097A1 (en) * 1998-09-04 2000-03-10 Alain Leseine Vertically-polarized radio antenna with variable radiation angle, for CB or amateur radio, has ground plane construction with pivoting arrangement altering inclination of radials to whip section

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL46868C (en) * 1936-01-03
US2275646A (en) * 1939-07-18 1942-03-10 Rca Corp Antenna
US2425585A (en) * 1943-12-13 1947-08-12 Hazeltine Research Inc Wave-signal antenna
US2704811A (en) * 1950-06-19 1955-03-22 Andrew W Walters Cylindrical antenna
US3656167A (en) * 1969-11-25 1972-04-11 Plessey Co Ltd Dipole radio antennae

Also Published As

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FR2539557B3 (en) 1985-12-20
DE3474238D1 (en) 1988-10-27
EP0116487A1 (en) 1984-08-22
FR2539557A1 (en) 1984-07-20

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