EP0110529B1 - Flüssigkeitsschleuderstrahl mit grosser Geschwindigkeit - Google Patents

Flüssigkeitsschleuderstrahl mit grosser Geschwindigkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0110529B1
EP0110529B1 EP83306212A EP83306212A EP0110529B1 EP 0110529 B1 EP0110529 B1 EP 0110529B1 EP 83306212 A EP83306212 A EP 83306212A EP 83306212 A EP83306212 A EP 83306212A EP 0110529 B1 EP0110529 B1 EP 0110529B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jet
passageway
particles
section
velocity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83306212A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0110529A3 (en
EP0110529A2 (de
Inventor
Mohammed A. Hashish
Yih-Ho Pao
Michael J. Kirby
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Flow Industries Inc
Original Assignee
Flow Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Flow Industries Inc filed Critical Flow Industries Inc
Priority to AT83306212T priority Critical patent/ATE46846T1/de
Publication of EP0110529A2 publication Critical patent/EP0110529A2/de
Publication of EP0110529A3 publication Critical patent/EP0110529A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0110529B1 publication Critical patent/EP0110529B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to abrasive loaded liquid jets, and particularly to high velocity abrasive liquid cutting jets.
  • abrasive particles It has long been known to accelerate abrasive particles with a jet of high velocity fluid. Such a jet may be used for cleaning and surface finishing applications. Dry and wet sand blasting are examples. In all such applications only the surface of the target material is removed and there is no deep penetration.
  • the fluid used in such applications is usually air or other gas.
  • existing nozzle designs do not allow the particles of abrasive to reach jet speed, or a substantial fraction thereof, resulting in far less than theoretical cutting capacity.
  • existing nozzles do not produce a coherent stream of abrasive-charged particles, resulting in insufficient cutting power and a large kerf.
  • the invention provides apparatus for producing an abrasive-laden jet characterised in that the particle-laden jet impinges upon the interior of the straight section such that the latter imparts to the particles a component of movement toward the centre of the jet sufficient to concentrate the particles of abrasive at the jet's centre as the jet exits from the output, and in that the straight section has a length of between 25 and 100 times its diameter whereby, in use, the particles of abrasive are accelerated to an exit velocity of at least 80 percent of the velocity of the liquid forming the jet.
  • the invention provides a method of producing a particle-laden jet characterised in that said particle-laden jet impinges upon the interior wall of the passageway at a predetermined point downstream from its inlet end and thereafter fills the entire cross-section of the passageway as the jet moves through the latter to its outlet end so as to impart to the particles a component of movement toward the centre of the jet, the length of the passageway being such that by the time the jet exits the passageway at the outlet end, the particles therein have a velocity of at least 80 percent of the velocity of the liquid forming the jet and are concentrated at its centre, the length of the passageway being between about 25 and 100 times its diameter.
  • the invention provides a method and apparatus for producing high velocity, abrasive loaded, coherent streams of liquid.
  • the invention maximises abrasive particle exit velocity and reduces nozzle wear to provide a long service life.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the first type of nozzle, a converging- diverging or venturi type nozzle. This type of nozzle has been found unsuitable for use in high velocity abrasive water jet cutting due to extreme nozzle erosion problems.
  • a second type of nozzle illustrated in Figure 2 has shown somewhat more promise.
  • This nozzle, called a straight nozzle includes a converging section 1 and a straight section 2 having a length (a) and a diameter (d). The sum of the length of straight section 2 and converging section 1 is the total length (L) of the nozzle. In present nozzles, the ratio of (a)/(d) is less than 20 and is much less for those nozzles where it is between 15.24 and 31.75 mm.
  • FIG. 3 shows a typical arrangement of components used in abrasive water jet cutting.
  • the drawing is broken for clarity.
  • a high pressure water jet nozzle having an orifice 7 of diameter (dn) receives high pressure liquid having a pressure (P) from a source (not shown) of high pressure liquid which may be for example a hydraulic intensifier or equivalent device.
  • a jet 8 emerges from orifice 7 and enters the convergent section 9 of a nozzle 11.
  • Convergent section 9 of nozzle 11 is also connected to a source (not shown) of abrasive particles 10 having a predetermined size (dp) and a flow rate (m).
  • the entrance of jet 8 into converging section 9 of nozzle 11 creates an area of low pressure 12 at the entrance to nozzle 11.
  • the materials used and the geometry of the apparatus must be adapted to the parameters defined above to produce a satisfactory nozzle.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the characteristics of fluid flow in a high pressure fluid jet nozzle 21.
  • the drawing is broken away for clarity.
  • a jet 22 of high pressure fluid leaves an orifice 23.
  • Typical orifice diameters are from 0.254 to 12.70 mm with operating pressures from 34335 kPa (350 kg/cm 2 ) to 686,700 kPa (700 kg/cm 2 ) or greater.
  • This is a jet similar to that used in water jet cutting and orifice 23 may be made of for example synthetic sapphire.
  • jet 22 is slightly divergent when it issues from orifice 23. Abrasive particles are introduced into the entry 26 of nozzle 21.
  • the abrasive particles will normally have a random distribution of direction and velocity, but it is desirable to minimize the turbulence and to try to direct toward exit point 29.
  • the direction and velocity of the abrasive particles between points 27 and 28 in nozzle 21 still retains a random component and if jet 22 were allowed to leave at point 27 the cutting efficiency would be low.
  • the direction of the abrasive particles is oriented by jet 22 to ensure a predominant axial velocity, i.e.
  • abrasive particles are still moving much slower than jet 28, however, as time is required to transfer momentum from the relatively light liquid to the denser particles of abrasive. Accordingly, a section of nozzle 21 from point 28 to point 29 must be provided. The length of the section between point 28 and 29 must be sufficient so that the velocity of the particles entrained approaches that of jet 22 where point 29 is reached. If nozzle 21 is lengthened beyond point 29, frictional losses will occur resulting in deceleration of abrasive particle velocity and loss of cutting power.
  • a boundary layer of relatively low' velocity and lowered abrasive particle population allows an extended nozzle life and also can allow the area of nozzle 21 between points 28 and 29 to be made of relatively inexpensive material.
  • Prior designs have allowed the jet to leave the nozzle before concentration of particles in the centre of the jet and have produce high wear rates.
  • nozzle 22 must be sufficiently long for the abrasives to accelerate to at least 80% of the speed of jet 22 and to have a direction nearly parallel to the tube wall in order to provide a coherent and nearly parallel, cohesive, abrasive jet at point 29.
  • the diameter of the section between points 27 and 29 should be sufficiently small so that the abrasive particles are forced to remain in contact with the liquid, but large enough to pass the abrasives and the liquid. Tubes as small as 1.52 mm.
  • the length of nozzle 22 between points 27 and 29 should be between 25 to 100 times its diameter.
  • the diameter of this section should be at least 1.1 times the diameter of the abrasive particles (D ⁇ 1.1 dp).
  • the diameter of this section should be between 1.1 and 10 times the diameter of orifice 23 (10 dj ⁇ di; 1.1 dj). This requires, for example, a nozzle length between point 27 and 29 of at least 10 cm. for an orifice 23 of diameter more than or equal to 0.89 mm.
  • a 5 cm., or larger, tube is needed for a 0.51 mm, or larger orifice 23.
  • the length of the nozzle between points 27 and 29 must be at least 12.7 mm.
  • the section of nozzle 21 between points 28 and 29 may be made of the material having a knoop hardness over 1000 which includes carbides, ceramics, and similar materials.
  • the upper section of nozzle 21 between points 26 and 28 should be thick walled so that the abrasive particles can erode the inlet section between points 26 and 27 into a nozzle inlet shape.
  • Figure 5 shows a nozzle incorporating the invention.
  • High pressure liquid enters via a supply tube 31 from a high pressure intensifier (not shown).
  • Supply tube 31 is attached to the nozzle body 32 by means of a gland 33 and collar 34, although any other connector appropriate for the pressures used could be substituted.
  • the high pressure fluid then flows down the interior of nozzle body 32 which is closed at the end opposite supply tube 31 by a jewel holder 36.
  • jewel holder 36 is sealed to nozzle body 32 and includes a recess containing a jewel orifice 37.
  • jewel orifice 37 is constructed of a hard material for example synthetic sapphire having an orifice diameter of 0.025 mm. to 1.27 mm. and is similar to jewels used in high pressure water jet cutting.
  • Nozzle holder 39 includes a threaded attachment point 41 for nozzle body 32 and an introduction port 42 for particles of abrasive.
  • the particles of abrasive flow down a line (notshown) attached to port 42 from a storage tank (not shown).
  • Jet 38 and the abrasive particles then pass through a collar 43 in the interior of nozzle holder 39.
  • Collar 43 prevents erosive wear of nozzle holder 39.
  • the particles of abrasive and jet 38 then enter a tapered sleeve 44 before entering a nozzle 46.
  • Nozzle 46 is constructed of carbide, other hard material, and isfrom 51 to 200 mm.
  • Nozzle 46 is attached to a steel adaptor 47 by a compression fitting nut 48 and compression fitting sleeve 49.
  • Adaptor 47 is threadedly connected to nozzle holder 39, although equivalent attachment means could be used.
  • Collar 43, tapered sleeve 44 and the upper portion of nozzle 46 form the mixing chamber of the device.
  • the abrasive loaded stream 50 of liquid finally emerges at the end 51 of nozzle 46 and may be used for cutting such hard materials as steel or glass.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the method of the invention.
  • a high velocity water jet is generated 61. This may be done much as is presently done in water jet cutting.
  • Abrasive particles are then introduced with the stream 62 into an orienting tube. The particles are then orientated 63 into the direction of the stream.
  • Time is next allowed for acceleration of the particles 64 to a sizeable fraction of stream velocity. The acceleration is accomplished by forcing the stream into an additional length to assume a pipe flow where a boundary layer of fluid having reduced velocity causes concentration of particles in the centre of the jet.
  • the jet charged with particles exits 65 to do work.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines telchenbeladenen Strahls mit einer Strahleinrichtung (36, 37) zur Erzeugung eines divergenten Strahls (22) einer Hochgeschwindigkeitsflüssigkeit mit einem Druck im Bereich von 34335 kPa bis 686700 kPa (350 kg/cm2 bis 7000 kg/cm2) an einer Auslaßöffnung (37) der Strahleinrichtung, mit einer Einlaßeinrichtung (42) zum Einführen von Teilchen eines Schleifmittels in einen mit ihr verbundenen Mischabschnitt (43, 44), der mit der Strahleinrichtung stromab davon verbunden ist, wobei die Einlaßeinrichtung so angeordnet ist, daß die Teilchen und der Strahl in den Mischabschnitt gelangen, wo sie zur Erzeugung eines teilchenbeladenen Strahls gemischt werden, mit einem mit dem Mischabschnitt verbundenen und stromab davon befindlichen Ausrichtabschnitt (26), dessen Querschnittsfläche kontinuierlich in Stromabrichtung abnimmt, zum Ausrichten der Geschwindigkeitsvektoren der Teilchen des Schleifmittels in dem Strahl, und mit einem kontinuierlichen geraden zylindrischen Kanalabschnitt (28), der koaxial zur Auslaßöffnung der Strahleinrichtung ist, den teilchenbeladenen Strahl aufnimmt und an seinem am weitesten stromab gelegenen Ende ein Auslaßende aufweist, der als Auslaß einer Düsenanordnung (21) dient, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der teilchenbeladene Strahl auf das Innere des geraden Abschnitts (28) derart auftrifft, daß letzterer den Teilchen eine Bewegungskomponente zur Mitte des Strahls hin erteilt, die ausreicht, die Teilchen des Schleifmittels im Zentrum des Strahls zu konzentrieren, wenn der Strahl aus dem Auslaß austritt, und daß der gerade Abschnitt (28) eine Länge hat, die zwischen dem 25-fachen und 100-fachen seines Durchmessers liegt, wodurch im Einsatz die Teilchen des Schleifmittels auf eine Austrittsgeschwindigkeit beschleunigt werden, die wenigstens 80% der Geschwindigkeit der den Strahl bildenden Flüssigkeit beträgt.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei welcher der Durchmesser des geraden Abschnitts (28) wenigstens das 1,1-fache des Durchmessers der Auslaßöffnung beträgt.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, bei welcher der Durchmesser des geraden Abschnitts (28) zwischem dem 1,1-fachen und dem 10-fachen des Durchmessers der Auslaßöffnung liegt.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei welchem der Durchmesser des geraden Abschnitts (28) wenigstens den 1,1- fachen Durchmesser des größten Teilchens aufweist.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei welchem die Auslaßöffnung (37) einen Durchmesser von weniger als 0,5 Inches (1,27 mm) hat.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei welchem die Strahleinrichtung (36, 37) eine Edelsteindüsenöffnung (37) zur Erzeugung eines schmalen Strahls einer Hochgeschwindigkeitsflüssigkeit aufweist.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, bei welchem die Strahleinrichtung (36, 37) so angeordnet ist, daß der Strahl längs der Achse des geraden zylindrischen Kanalabschnitts (28) gerichtet wird.
8. Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines teilchenbeladenen Stroms einer Hochgeschwindigkeitsflüssigkeit mit einem Druckbereich von 34335 kPa bis 686700 kPa (350 bis 7000 kg/cm2), welches folgende Schritte aufweist:
a) Schaffung einer Düsenanordnung (21), die einen geraden Kanal hat, der von einer kontinuierlichen, sich axial erstreckenden, zylindrischen Innenwand der Anordnung gebildet wird und der sich von einem stromauf liegenden Einlaßende zu einem stromab liegenden Auslaßende erstreckt,
b) Bilden eines divergierenden Strahls (22) aus Hochgeschwindigkeitsflüssigkeit an einem speziellen Punkt koaxial zu dem Einlaßende des Kanals und stromauf davon,
c) Einführen von Teilchen (10) in den divergierenden Strahl (22) an einer Stelle zwischen der Ausbildung des Strahls und dem Einlaßende des Kanals, und
d) Ausrichten des teilchenbeladenen Strahls koaxial in den Kanal von seinem Einlaßende, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der teilchenbeladene Strahl auf die Innenwand des Kanals an einem vorgegebenen Punkt stromab von seinem Einlaßende auftrifft und danach den gesamten Querschnitt des Kanals füllt, wenn sich der Strahl durch letzteren zu seinem Auslaßende bewegt, so daß den Teilchen eine Bewegungskomponente zum Zentrum des Strahls hin erteilt wird, wobei die Länge des Kanals so bemessen ist, daß zum Zeitpunkt des Strahlaustritts aus dem Kanal am Auslaßende die Teilchen darin eine Geschwindigkeit haben, die wenigstens 80% der Geschwindigkeit der den Strahl bildenden Flüssigkeit beträgt, und im Zentrum konzentriert sind, wobei die Länge des Kanals zwischem dem etwa 25-fachen und 100-fachen seines Durchmessers liegt.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, bei welchem der Strahl (22) nach dem Auftreffen auf die Innenwand des Kanals und nach dem Füllen seines gesamten Querschnitts eine Grenzschicht längs der Wand bildet, die ihrerseits über dem Querschnitt einen Strömungsgeschwindigkeitsgradienten bildet, der ein Minimum an der Wand hat und der fortlaufend zur Mitte des Kanals hin zunimmt, so daß den Teilchen eine Bewegungskomponente zur Mitte des Strahls hin erteilt wird.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder Anspruch 9, bei welchem der Kanal wenigstens einen geradzylindrischen Abschnitt (28) aufweist und der Strahl (22) zuerst auf die Innenwand in dem geradzylindrigen Abschnitt trifft.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, bei welchem der Kanal einen konvergierenden Abschnitt (26) stromauf von dem geradzylindrigen Abschnitt (28) aufweist.
12. Verfahren zum Schneiden von Material, bei welchem ein Strahl (22) auf das Material aufgebracht wird und der Strahl durch eine Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 oder durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11 erzeugt wird.
EP83306212A 1982-10-22 1983-10-13 Flüssigkeitsschleuderstrahl mit grosser Geschwindigkeit Expired EP0110529B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83306212T ATE46846T1 (de) 1982-10-22 1983-10-13 Fluessigkeitsschleuderstrahl mit grosser geschwindigkeit.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US43600282A 1982-10-22 1982-10-22
US436002 1995-05-05

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0110529A2 EP0110529A2 (de) 1984-06-13
EP0110529A3 EP0110529A3 (en) 1985-10-16
EP0110529B1 true EP0110529B1 (de) 1989-10-04

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EP83306212A Expired EP0110529B1 (de) 1982-10-22 1983-10-13 Flüssigkeitsschleuderstrahl mit grosser Geschwindigkeit

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EP (1) EP0110529B1 (de)
JP (2) JPS59134664A (de)
AT (1) ATE46846T1 (de)
AU (1) AU566151B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1231235A (de)
DE (1) DE3380663D1 (de)
NO (1) NO159580C (de)
ZA (1) ZA837483B (de)

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GB8510538D0 (en) * 1985-04-25 1985-05-30 British Hydromechanics Nozzle
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JPS6339243A (ja) * 1986-08-04 1988-02-19 Canon Inc 通信装置
US4854091A (en) * 1987-11-16 1989-08-08 Flow Industries, Inc. Abrasive swivel assembly and method
JPH0613840Y2 (ja) * 1988-02-09 1994-04-13 株式会社スギノマシン アブレーシブ供給装置
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EP0445103A3 (en) * 1990-02-27 1992-10-21 Boehler Gesellschaft M.B.H. Method and device for feeding particles to an abrasive cutting device
CA2125187C (fr) * 1991-12-11 2001-08-28 Christian Diat Procede de micro-nettoyage d'un support et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre
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US5851139A (en) * 1997-02-04 1998-12-22 Jet Edge Division Of Tc/American Monorail, Inc. Cutting head for a water jet cutting assembly
FR2783735B1 (fr) * 1998-09-29 2000-12-15 Patrick Loubeyre Dispositif pour la decontamination des surfaces au moyen d'un jet compose d'air, d'une matiere de projection a grains fins et d'un liquide
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CN102672625B (zh) * 2011-03-17 2016-12-14 新东工业株式会社 喷丸加工用喷嘴以及具备该喷嘴的喷丸加工装置
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CN114033413B (zh) * 2021-11-09 2024-09-13 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 一种超声波辅助的高压水射流混合磨料喷头和掘进机

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO159580B (no) 1988-10-10
JPH0344452Y2 (de) 1991-09-18
JPS59134664A (ja) 1984-08-02
ZA837483B (en) 1984-11-28
EP0110529A3 (en) 1985-10-16
ATE46846T1 (de) 1989-10-15
EP0110529A2 (de) 1984-06-13
NO833847L (no) 1984-04-24
AU1997883A (en) 1984-05-03
JPH01114267U (de) 1989-08-01
AU566151B2 (en) 1987-10-08
NO159580C (no) 1989-01-18
DE3380663D1 (en) 1989-11-09
CA1231235A (en) 1988-01-12

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