EP0110486A1 - Installation (plant) for thermo-cracking a hydrocarbon starting material to alkene, shell and tube heat exchanger for use in such an installation and process for manufacturing shell and tube heat exchanger - Google Patents
Installation (plant) for thermo-cracking a hydrocarbon starting material to alkene, shell and tube heat exchanger for use in such an installation and process for manufacturing shell and tube heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0110486A1 EP0110486A1 EP83201725A EP83201725A EP0110486A1 EP 0110486 A1 EP0110486 A1 EP 0110486A1 EP 83201725 A EP83201725 A EP 83201725A EP 83201725 A EP83201725 A EP 83201725A EP 0110486 A1 EP0110486 A1 EP 0110486A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- layer
- shell
- tubes
- effluent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/002—Cooling of cracked gases
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plant for thermo-cracking a hydrocarbon starting material to alkenes, comprising a cracking furnace with externally heated reactor tubes (coils) and a shell and.tube heat-exchanger connected to the cracking furnace in order to quench the reactor effluent.
- reactor tubes coils
- shell and.tube heat-exchanger connected to the cracking furnace in order to quench the reactor effluent.
- the reactor effluent of the cracking furnaces is quenched in the shell and tube heat exchanger from 750-900° C to 350-560°c (Kirk-Othmer l.c., page 407, table 5) to prevent that after leaving the cracker furnace, in said effluent still reactions take place under adiabatic conditions, which would affect adversely the yield of alkenes, and simultaneously steam with a pressure of 105-125 bara (bar absolute) is generated.
- Such a layer should have such a thickness, that it is impermeable to the reactor effluent, but on the other hand it should not be so thick that it impedes the heat transfer.
- the minimum thickness should preferably be 0.5 ⁇ m. Preferably it has a thickness of not more than 20 pm,for, with greater thicknesses, the effect, the temperature drop on the layer, should be too big.
- a particularly suitable process which can be used to obtain such a layer is, using a viscous mixture of a powdered graphite, metals, metal oxides, metal salts (particle size generally ⁇ 5 ⁇ m) with a silicone based resin in an aromatic solvent. Said mixture is applied with current spraying methods and is thermoset. Thermosetting takes suitably place at tempetatures between 275 0 c and 375 0 C for 11 ⁇ 2 - 5 h. Said thermosetting (curing) is necessary to vaporize the solvent, and to have reticulation take place in the resin component, and optionally to have the resin component decomposed, while silicon remains enclosed in the layer. The result is that a quasi-continuous layer is formed, with a small specific area. Such a layer is highly wear-resistant and resistant to high temperatures.
- the impermeability of the layer can be increased by repeating the process several times.
- Beside graphite especially metals from group 3 or 4 of the periodical system and their oxides are considered, e.g. aluminium, titanium, zirconium. Also silicates and aluminates can be used..
- the impermeable layer on the internal surface of the heat exchanger tubes consists of an inert polymeric layer.
- Such a layer has a structure which highly resembles the fouling layer which normally appears, and it is stable at the temperatures prevailing in the heat exchanger, so that it does. not influence the phenomena which appear in the heat exchanger. On this layer, once formed, only a small fouling layer appears.
- the invention also relates to a shell and tube heatexchanger to be used in an apparatus for cracking a hydrocarbon starting material to alkenes, wherein the internal surfaces of the heat exchanger tubes are coated with an inert layer impermeable to the reactor effluent of a cracking furnace for the preparation of alkenes, said layer masking the alloy of which the heat exchanger tubes consist.
- the layer by which the internal surfaces of the heat exchanger tubes are coated should preferably meet the above-mentioned conditions.
- the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing a shell and tube heatexchanger to be used in an installation for cracking a hydrocarbon starting material to alkenes and resistant to quenching of the effluent from the cracking reactor of such an installation, wherein a polymeric layer is formed by spraying a mixture of the oily fraction which is recovered when quenching the effluent from the cracking reactor (alkylene quench oil) and of an initiator forming free radicals onto the internal surface of the tube and thermosetting it.
- alkylene quench oil alkylene quench oil
- a peroxide is used as catalyst, in particular benzoyl peroxide, as peroxides in the polymerisation of alkenes and alkene mixtures are effective catalysts.
- the amount of catalyst may vary within wide ranges but preferably a mixture is used which comprises 0.5 - 3% of catalyst, as with such a mixture quickly a good polymer layer can be obtained.
- One TLX (A) had heatexchanger tubes made from a nickel-chromium- alloy which is usual for this type of tubes.
- the other TLX (B) had heat exchanger tubes from the same nickel chromium alloy, the internal surface of which was coated with a 5 ⁇ m thick aluminium based layer applied in 3 steps.
- the temperature of the quenched effluent coming from the TLX (A) in the beginning of the test was 420°C and the temperature of the quenched effluent coming from TLX (B) was 450°C.
- TLX (A) (Curve A) the temperature of the effluent coming from the TLX, increased to 500 C in about 5 days and during the rest of the test the temperature gradually further increased, until after 26 days the maximum allowed temperature of 560°C was obtained.
- TLX (B) The fouling rate in TLX (B) (Curve B) was substantially constant and the extrapolated attainable hours of service will be 60 days in stead of 26 like for TLX (A).
- TLX (A) appeared to comprise a thick fouling layer.
- Coating the internal surface of the heat exchanger tubes of TLX (B) was carried out by spraying a mixture of 12% by weight of aluminium powder with a particle size of ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, 48% by weight of a silicoreresin comprising methyl groups and phenyl groups, and 40% by weight of toluene into the tube, draining the excess and heating the remaining layer for 2 hours at 300°C, thus vaporizing the toluene and reticulating the resin, repeating this processing once, and finally repeating the treatment once with a mixture of 10% by weight of aluminium powder with a particle size of ⁇ 2 ⁇ m, 40% by weight of the same silicore resin and 50% by weight of toluene.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention relates to a plant for thermo-cracking a hydrocarbon starting material to alkenes, comprising a cracking furnace with externally heated reactor tubes (coils) and a shell and.tube heat-exchanger connected to the cracking furnace in order to quench the reactor effluent. ("quench", cooler, "transfer line" heat exchanger, TLX) wherein steam is generated on the shell side.
- Such installations (plants), which are generally used in the preparation of alkenes like ethene and propene from starting . materials which may vary from natural gas to naphthas and gas oil, are described in Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, third edition, vol. 9 (1980) pages 400-408, in particular pages 403-408.
- In the course of time a number of general conditions were found for the cracking furnaces of those installations, which should be met regardless the hydrocarbon starting material, and even control programs controlled by a "computer" were designed, which as to the power balance guarantee an optimum operation of the cracking furnaces and by which is reached, that the cracker furnaces can be operative for some months together.
- The reactor effluent of the cracking furnaces is quenched in the shell and tube heat exchanger from 750-900°C to 350-560°c (Kirk-Othmer l.c., page 407, table 5) to prevent that after leaving the cracker furnace, in said effluent still reactions take place under adiabatic conditions, which would affect adversely the yield of alkenes, and simultaneously steam with a pressure of 105-125 bara (bar absolute) is generated.
- However when quenching the reactor effluent the inside surfaces of the heat exchanger tubes are fouled, said fouling leading to a decrease in heat transfer while also the sensible heat of the reactor effluent is ever less used for the generation of the high pressure steam. The effluent coming from the shell and tube heatexchanger has an ever increasing temperature.
- Up to now it was assumed that this phenomenon cannot be prevented. Generally the phenomenon was ascribed to condensation of heavy hydrocarbon components from the effluent from the cracking furnace onto the colder heat exchanger surfaces followed by continuing dehydrogenation reactions in the condensate at the temperature prevailing on the wall of the heat exchanger tubes (vide Lohr. B & H Dittmann, OGJ, 1978, May 15).
- According to Dutch patent application 70 07556 in a different quenching system, wherein a cracker gas mixture is quenched by introducing said gas mixture via an inlet into a quench liquid which is present in a quenching barrel, the problem of fouling and even clogging of the inlet pipe by deposition of tar and carbonaceous materials on the inside of the inlet pipe is prevented, by insulating the inlet pipe on the outer side, so that the temperature of the inside of the inlet pipe remains relatively high and condensation of tar and carbonaceous materials appears less easy on the inside. The insulating layer has a thickness of some centimeters.
- This solution is not possible if a shell and tube heat exchanger is used, as insulation of the tubes of shell and tube heat exchanger nullifies (overrides) the entire cooling of the reactor effluent.
- It was now found that the fouling on the inside of the heat exchanger can be decreased and/or inhibited, so that the shell and tube heat exchanger can be in operation for a much longer times, if the internal surfaces of the tubes of the heat exchanger are coated with an inert layer, impermeable to the materials from the reactor effluent, which are responsible for the fouling, said layer masking the alloy of which the heat exchanger tubes consist.
- Such a layer should have such a thickness, that it is impermeable to the reactor effluent, but on the other hand it should not be so thick that it impedes the heat transfer.
- The minimum thickness should preferably be 0.5 µm. Preferably it has a thickness of not more than 20 pm,for, with greater thicknesses, the effect, the temperature drop on the layer, should be too big.
- According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the layer substantially comprises graphite, and/or metal and/or metal oxides, metal salts and/or silicates.
- A particularly suitable process which can be used to obtain such a layer is, using a viscous mixture of a powdered graphite, metals, metal oxides, metal salts (particle size generally < 5 µm) with a silicone based resin in an aromatic solvent. Said mixture is applied with current spraying methods and is thermoset. Thermosetting takes suitably place at tempetatures between 2750c and 3750C for 1½ - 5 h. Said thermosetting (curing) is necessary to vaporize the solvent, and to have reticulation take place in the resin component, and optionally to have the resin component decomposed, while silicon remains enclosed in the layer. The result is that a quasi-continuous layer is formed, with a small specific area. Such a layer is highly wear-resistant and resistant to high temperatures.
- The impermeability of the layer can be increased by repeating the process several times. Beside graphite especially metals from group 3 or 4 of the periodical system and their oxides are considered, e.g. aluminium, titanium, zirconium. Also silicates and aluminates can be used..
- Especially graphite and aluminium appear to provide the result aimed at (decrease and/or inhibition of the fouling phenomena), while both are cheap and can be easily applied.
- Other processes which can be used to apply a metal layer are current techniques like vaporization under vacuum, (vacuum coating or vacuum metalizing), forming a deposit of metal by decomposition of a vaporous metal compound (gas plating).
- According to a second embodiment of the invention the impermeable layer on the internal surface of the heat exchanger tubes consists of an inert polymeric layer.
- Preferably this is-a polymeric layer, formed by applying a mixture of the oily fraction which is recovered when quenching the effluent from the cracking reactor (ethylene quench oil) and of an initiator forming free radicals, in particular a peroxide, like benzoyl peroxide, cumene. hydroperoxide., on the internal surface of the tubes, draining the excess and thermosetting the remaining mixture.
- Such a layer has a structure which highly resembles the fouling layer which normally appears, and it is stable at the temperatures prevailing in the heat exchanger, so that it does. not influence the phenomena which appear in the heat exchanger. On this layer, once formed, only a small fouling layer appears.
- The invention also relates to a shell and tube heatexchanger to be used in an apparatus for cracking a hydrocarbon starting material to alkenes, wherein the internal surfaces of the heat exchanger tubes are coated with an inert layer impermeable to the reactor effluent of a cracking furnace for the preparation of alkenes, said layer masking the alloy of which the heat exchanger tubes consist.
- The layer by which the internal surfaces of the heat exchanger tubes are coated should preferably meet the above-mentioned conditions.
- The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing a shell and tube heatexchanger to be used in an installation for cracking a hydrocarbon starting material to alkenes and resistant to quenching of the effluent from the cracking reactor of such an installation, wherein a polymeric layer is formed by spraying a mixture of the oily fraction which is recovered when quenching the effluent from the cracking reactor (alkylene quench oil) and of an initiator forming free radicals onto the internal surface of the tube and thermosetting it.
- In said process preferably a peroxide is used as catalyst, in particular benzoyl peroxide, as peroxides in the polymerisation of alkenes and alkene mixtures are effective catalysts.
- The amount of catalyst may vary within wide ranges but preferably a mixture is used which comprises 0.5 - 3% of catalyst, as with such a mixture quickly a good polymer layer can be obtained.
- The effect which is obtained with the installation according to the invention is elucidated in the following examples.
- In a current installation for the preparation of ethene,with a capacity of 40000 tons/year ethene, gas oil was cracked. The effluent of the cracking furnace had the following composition-
- One TLX (A) had heatexchanger tubes made from a nickel-chromium- alloy which is usual for this type of tubes.
- The other TLX (B) had heat exchanger tubes from the same nickel chromium alloy, the internal surface of which was coated with a 5 µm thick aluminium based layer applied in 3 steps.
- The temperature of the quenched effluent coming from the TLX (A) in the beginning of the test was 420°C and the temperature of the quenched effluent coming from TLX (B) was 450°C.
- The variation in the temperature of the effluents coming from both TLX against the time duration of the test is elucidated in the figure.
- Curve A shows the result for TLX (A).
- Curve B shows the result for TLX (B).
- One sees that with TLX (A) (Curve A) the temperature of the effluent coming from the TLX, increased to 500 C in about 5 days and during the rest of the test the temperature gradually further increased, until after 26 days the maximum allowed temperature of 560°C was obtained.
- The fouling rate in TLX (B) (Curve B) was substantially constant and the extrapolated attainable hours of service will be 60 days in stead of 26 like for TLX (A).
- Herefrom it follows that with the second TLX the heat transfer during the whole test was better than with the first TLX.
- Both TLX's were thrown out of operation and were inspected.
- TLX (A) appeared to comprise a thick fouling layer.
- In TLX (B) only a slight fouling was present.
- Coating the internal surface of the heat exchanger tubes of TLX (B) was carried out by spraying a mixture of 12% by weight of aluminium powder with a particle size of < 2 µm, 48% by weight of a silicoreresin comprising methyl groups and phenyl groups, and 40% by weight of toluene into the tube, draining the excess and heating the remaining layer for 2 hours at 300°C, thus vaporizing the toluene and reticulating the resin, repeating this processing once, and finally repeating the treatment once with a mixture of 10% by weight of aluminium powder with a particle size of < 2 µm, 40% by weight of the same silicore resin and 50% by weight of toluene.
- The test of example I was repeated, while a TLX (C) was used, the heat exchanger tubes of which were coated on the inside with a 5 µm thick layer based on graphite, which was applied as follows:
- A mixture of 24% by weight of graphite having a particle size of 4 1 µm, 36% by weight of the same silicoreresin as was used when forming the coating according to example I and 40% by weight of toluene was introduced into the tubes, the excess was drained off and the remaining layer was heated for 2 hours at 300°C at which temperature the toluene was vaporized and the resin was subjected to reticulation. This processing was repeated once and finally the processing was repeated once with a mixture of 20% by weight of graphite having a particle size < 1 µm, 30% by weight of the same siliconeresin and 50% by weight of toluene.
- The variation in the temperature of the effluent coming from said TLX (C) against the time corresponded to the variation in the temperature of the effluent coming from TLX (B) (example I) against the time.
- At the end of the test the heat exchanger tubes were inspected; only a slight fouling was observed.
- A similar test was carried out as in example I, wherein now a TLX (D) was used having heat exchanger tubes the internal surface of which was coated with a polymeric layer, formed by mixing the oily fraction obtained when quenching the effluent from the cracking reactor (ethylene quench oil) with 1.5% of benzoyl peroxide and introducing said mixture into the heat exchanger tubes, draining off the excess and externally heating the tubes at 4000 C.
- The variation in the temperature of the effluent coming from TLX (D) also corresponded to curve B of the figure. At-the end of the test the heat exchanger tubes of TLX (D) were inspected. On the polymeric layer a slight fouling had been deposited.
Claims (20)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL8204731A NL8204731A (en) | 1982-12-07 | 1982-12-07 | INSTALLATION FOR THERMAL CRACKING OF A HYDROCARBON OUTPUT MATERIAL TO OLEGINS, TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER USED IN SUCH INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER. |
NL8204731 | 1982-12-07 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0110486A1 true EP0110486A1 (en) | 1984-06-13 |
EP0110486B1 EP0110486B1 (en) | 1986-12-10 |
Family
ID=19840709
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19830201725 Expired EP0110486B1 (en) | 1982-12-07 | 1983-12-06 | Installation (plant) for thermo-cracking a hydrocarbon starting material to alkene, shell and tube heat exchanger for use in such an installation and process for manufacturing shell and tube heat exchanger |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0110486B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS59157494A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1210282A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3368282D1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL8204731A (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2663725A1 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1991-12-27 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | IMPROVED COPPER HEAT EXCHANGER FOR WALL-MOUNTED WATER HEATERS. |
EP0608081A1 (en) * | 1993-01-15 | 1994-07-27 | General Electric Company | Coated articles and method for the prevention of fuel thermal degradation deposits |
DE4334827C1 (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1994-10-06 | Mannesmann Ag | Process for decreasing the coking of heat exchange surfaces |
AU661919B2 (en) * | 1992-09-22 | 1995-08-10 | General Electric Company | Coated article for hot hydrocarbon fluid and method of preventing fuel thermal degradation deposits |
DE4405884C1 (en) * | 1994-02-21 | 1995-09-07 | Mannesmann Ag | Heat exchange surface in reactors and / or heat exchangers and method for producing a catalytically deactivated metal surface |
AU667945B2 (en) * | 1992-09-22 | 1996-04-18 | General Electric Company | Coated articles and method for the prevention of fuel thermal degradation deposits |
US5805973A (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1998-09-08 | General Electric Company | Coated articles and method for the prevention of fuel thermal degradation deposits |
FR2809170A1 (en) * | 2000-05-22 | 2001-11-23 | Denso Corp | Exhaust gas heat exchanger incorporating a coating lining the inner surfaces of the tubes carrying exhaust gases to prevent soot build-up |
US6989135B2 (en) * | 1999-07-01 | 2006-01-24 | Syntroleum Corporation | Hydrocarbon conversion system with enhanced combustor and method |
WO2015183641A1 (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2015-12-03 | Ineos Europe Ag | Effluent cooler in the manufacture of acrylonitrile |
CN112881559A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-01 | 广东产品质量监督检验研究院(国家质量技术监督局广州电气安全检验所、广东省试验认证研究院、华安实验室) | Method for rapidly detecting content of phthalic acid ester |
Citations (7)
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NL300760A (en) * | ||||
BE348252A (en) * | ||||
GB831912A (en) * | 1956-12-27 | 1960-04-06 | Hubert Salmen | Improvements in or relating to condensers and heat-exchangers |
NL7007556A (en) * | 1970-05-25 | 1971-11-29 | Quenching appts - for hot gases especially hydrocarbon - cracking gases giving reduced tar and carbon | |
FR2264261A1 (en) * | 1974-03-15 | 1975-10-10 | Schmidt Sche Heissdampf | |
US4054174A (en) * | 1974-03-18 | 1977-10-18 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Method of inhibiting deposition of internal corrosion products in tubes |
DE3038084A1 (en) * | 1980-05-23 | 1981-12-03 | Sumitomo Light Metal Industries Ltd., Tokyo | COATING MEASURES AND THEIR USE FOR PROTECTING THE INTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS4997949A (en) * | 1973-01-26 | 1974-09-17 | ||
JPS501446A (en) * | 1973-05-09 | 1975-01-09 | ||
JPS5125414A (en) * | 1974-08-28 | 1976-03-02 | Showa Aluminium Co Ltd | NETSUKOKANKYOTAISHOKUARUMINIUMUAWASEZAI |
US4200518A (en) * | 1979-03-22 | 1980-04-29 | Chevron Research Company | Heat exchanger anti-foulant |
US4296804A (en) * | 1979-06-28 | 1981-10-27 | Resistoflex Corporation | Corrosion resistant heat exchanger element and method of manufacture |
-
1982
- 1982-12-07 NL NL8204731A patent/NL8204731A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1983
- 1983-12-06 EP EP19830201725 patent/EP0110486B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-12-06 DE DE8383201725T patent/DE3368282D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-12-06 CA CA000442653A patent/CA1210282A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-12-07 JP JP23121983A patent/JPS59157494A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL300760A (en) * | ||||
BE348252A (en) * | ||||
GB831912A (en) * | 1956-12-27 | 1960-04-06 | Hubert Salmen | Improvements in or relating to condensers and heat-exchangers |
NL7007556A (en) * | 1970-05-25 | 1971-11-29 | Quenching appts - for hot gases especially hydrocarbon - cracking gases giving reduced tar and carbon | |
FR2264261A1 (en) * | 1974-03-15 | 1975-10-10 | Schmidt Sche Heissdampf | |
US4054174A (en) * | 1974-03-18 | 1977-10-18 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Method of inhibiting deposition of internal corrosion products in tubes |
DE3038084A1 (en) * | 1980-05-23 | 1981-12-03 | Sumitomo Light Metal Industries Ltd., Tokyo | COATING MEASURES AND THEIR USE FOR PROTECTING THE INTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE1005573A3 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1993-11-09 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | Improvements to heat exchange in copper boiler wall. |
ES2048032A1 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1994-03-01 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | Anti-corrosion coating composition |
FR2663725A1 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1991-12-27 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | IMPROVED COPPER HEAT EXCHANGER FOR WALL-MOUNTED WATER HEATERS. |
US5805973A (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1998-09-08 | General Electric Company | Coated articles and method for the prevention of fuel thermal degradation deposits |
AU661919B2 (en) * | 1992-09-22 | 1995-08-10 | General Electric Company | Coated article for hot hydrocarbon fluid and method of preventing fuel thermal degradation deposits |
AU667945B2 (en) * | 1992-09-22 | 1996-04-18 | General Electric Company | Coated articles and method for the prevention of fuel thermal degradation deposits |
EP0608081A1 (en) * | 1993-01-15 | 1994-07-27 | General Electric Company | Coated articles and method for the prevention of fuel thermal degradation deposits |
DE4334827C1 (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1994-10-06 | Mannesmann Ag | Process for decreasing the coking of heat exchange surfaces |
EP0647699A2 (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1995-04-12 | MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft | Process for reducing coking of heat transfer surfaces |
EP0647699A3 (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1995-07-26 | Mannesmann Ag | Process for reducing coking of heat transfer surfaces. |
DE4405884C1 (en) * | 1994-02-21 | 1995-09-07 | Mannesmann Ag | Heat exchange surface in reactors and / or heat exchangers and method for producing a catalytically deactivated metal surface |
US6989135B2 (en) * | 1999-07-01 | 2006-01-24 | Syntroleum Corporation | Hydrocarbon conversion system with enhanced combustor and method |
FR2809170A1 (en) * | 2000-05-22 | 2001-11-23 | Denso Corp | Exhaust gas heat exchanger incorporating a coating lining the inner surfaces of the tubes carrying exhaust gases to prevent soot build-up |
WO2015183641A1 (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2015-12-03 | Ineos Europe Ag | Effluent cooler in the manufacture of acrylonitrile |
CN112881559A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-01 | 广东产品质量监督检验研究院(国家质量技术监督局广州电气安全检验所、广东省试验认证研究院、华安实验室) | Method for rapidly detecting content of phthalic acid ester |
CN112881559B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2023-08-18 | 广东产品质量监督检验研究院(国家质量技术监督局广州电气安全检验所、广东省试验认证研究院、华安实验室) | Method for rapidly detecting phthalate content |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA1210282A (en) | 1986-08-26 |
JPH0519080B2 (en) | 1993-03-15 |
DE3368282D1 (en) | 1987-01-22 |
JPS59157494A (en) | 1984-09-06 |
NL8204731A (en) | 1984-07-02 |
EP0110486B1 (en) | 1986-12-10 |
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