EP0108232A1 - Process for the reduction of molten metal ores - Google Patents
Process for the reduction of molten metal ores Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0108232A1 EP0108232A1 EP83109472A EP83109472A EP0108232A1 EP 0108232 A1 EP0108232 A1 EP 0108232A1 EP 83109472 A EP83109472 A EP 83109472A EP 83109472 A EP83109472 A EP 83109472A EP 0108232 A1 EP0108232 A1 EP 0108232A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ore
- reaction vessel
- oxygen
- coal
- liquefied
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
- C21B13/023—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces wherein iron or steel is obtained in a molten state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
Definitions
- the coal must be introduced at a location so high above the level of the molten metal accumulating in the bottom of the reaction vessel that, on the one hand, the metal reaches the molten metal bath with as little carbon as possible and, on the other hand, no carbon is introduced into the molten metal. This avoids or reduces the effort for additional fresh treatment.
- the choice of the height of the liquid ore column is the choice of the height of the liquid ore column. According to the invention, this must be dimensioned such that the CO formed completely reacts to form CO 2 as it rises through the liquid ore column in the reaction vessel.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von unlegiertem oder legiertem Stahl, Stahlvorschmelzen, Nichteisenmetallen oder Nichteisenlegierungen durch Schmelzreduktion von Erz oder Erzgemischen mit Hilfe von Kohle und/oaer Prozeßgas in einem Reaktionsgeiäß, wie einem Konverter oder Schachtofen.The invention relates to a process for the production of unalloyed or alloyed steel, pre-melting steel, non-ferrous metals or non-ferrous alloys by melting reduction of ore or ore mixtures with the help of coal and / or process gas in a reaction vessel, such as a converter or shaft furnace.
Schmelzreduktionsverfahren bieten die Möglichkeit, feinkörnige Erze als Einsatzstoffe ohne aufwendige Vorbereitung zu nutzen. Durch die hohe Energiekonzentration und die günstigen Stofftransportbedingungen in den flüssigen Phasen ist die volumenspezifische Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit wesentlich größer als bei konventionellen Reduktionsverfahren.Smelting reduction processes offer the possibility of using fine-grained ores as feedstocks without time-consuming preparation. Due to the high energy concentration and the favorable mass transfer conditions in the liquid phases, the volume-specific reaction rate is significantly higher than with conventional reduction processes.
Schmelzreduktion von Metallerzen zur Erzeugung insbesondere von Roheisen oder Stahl wird in vielfältiger Weise durchgeführt, wobei unterschiedliche Gefäße, wie Schacht- oder Hochofen, Elektroofen oder Konverter verwendet werden. Eine Übersicht über die bisher angewendeten Verfahrenstechniken der Schmelzreduktion haben R. Thielmann und R. Steffen in der Zeitschrift "Stahl und Eisen" 101 (1981), Seiten 71 bis 81 gegeben. Prinzipiell erfolgt die Schmelzreduktion in der Weise, daß in abgestimmten Mengen Erz und Kohle von oben in das Reaktionsgefäß chargiert werden und Prozeßgas, meist Luft oder Sauerstoff, eingeblasen wird. Dabei ist es zur Erhöhung der Wirtschaftlichkeit der Verfahrensweise meist erforderlich, das Erz vorzureduzieren. Durch getrennte Öffnungen wird das schmelzflüssige Metall oder die Metallegierung und die auf dem Metallschmelzbad schwimmende flüssige Schlacke aus dem Reaktionsgefäß abgezogen (abgestochen).Smelting reduction of metal ores for the production of pig iron or steel in particular is carried out in a variety of ways, using different vessels, such as shaft or blast furnace, electric furnace or converter. R. Thielmann and R. Steffen in the journal "Stahl und Eisen" 101 (1981), pages 71 to 81, gave an overview of the previously used process techniques for smelting reduction. In principle, the smelting reduction takes place in such a way that batches of ore and coal are charged into the reaction vessel from above and process gas, usually air or oxygen, is blown in. To increase the economic viability of the procedure, it is usually necessary to pre-reduce the ore. The molten metal or the metal alloy and the liquid slag floating on the molten metal bath are withdrawn (tapped) from the reaction vessel through separate openings.
Als nachteilig wird bei den bekannten Schmelzreduktionsverfahren empfunden, daß sie nicht einstufig durchgeführt werden können, sondern entweder für die Abgasaufbereitung oder die Erzvorbereitung zusätzliche Verfahrensstufen, Energie und Anlagen bedingen.A disadvantage of the known smelting reduction processes is that they cannot be carried out in one step, but instead require additional process steps, energy and systems for either the exhaust gas treatment or the ore preparation.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Schmelzreduktionsverfahren für Metallerze oder -oxyde anzugeben, bei dem in-einstufiger Arbeitsweise der gesamte Energieinhalt des verwendeten Reduktionsmittels ausgenutzt und damit auf zusätzliche Maßnahmen, wie Abgasreinigung oder Erzvorreduktion, verzichtet werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a smelting reduction process for metal ores or oxides, in which the entire energy content of the reducing agent used is used in a one-step operation and additional measures such as exhaust gas purification or ore reduction can thus be dispensed with.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß das im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnete Verfahren vorgeschlagen.To achieve this object, the method characterized in claim 1 is proposed according to the invention.
Die eriindungsgemäße Verfahrensweise sieht eine Reihe von Maßnahmen vor, die erst im Zusammenwirken die gestellte Aufgabe lösen. So ist es ein wesentlicher Gesichtspunkt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, daß die zur Reduktion benötigte Kohle ausschließlich von außen in die flüssige Erzsäule' eingebracht wird, damit das gebildete CO2 nicht durch Kontakt mit Kohlenstoff in der Flüssigerzsäule wieder zu CO reagiert, was dann eine Abgasbehandlung und -verwertung erforderlich machen-würde. Dies ist auch der Gesichtspunkt, der das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wesentlich von den bekannten Schmelzreduktionsverfahren unterscheidet. Bei den bekannten Verfahren wird nämlich Erz in Mischung mit Kohle chargiert. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erfordert sowohl bei chargenweisem als auch bei kontinuierlichem Betrieb eine zeitlich abgestimmte Zugabe von Erz, Kohlenstoff und Sauerstoff entsprechend der Stöchiometrie, der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und des spezifischen Wärmebedarfs.The procedure according to the invention provides for a series of measures which only solve the task in cooperation. It is an essential aspect of the method according to the invention that the coal required for the reduction is only introduced into the liquid ore column from the outside, so that the CO 2 formed does not react to CO again through contact with carbon in the liquid ore column, which then results in exhaust gas treatment and - would require recovery. This is also the point of view which essentially differentiates the method according to the invention from the known smelting reduction methods. In the known processes, ore is charged in a mixture with coal. The method according to the invention requires a timed addition of ore, carbon and oxygen in accordance with the stoichiometry, the reaction rate and the specific heat requirement both in batch and in continuous operation.
Von wesentlicher Bedeutung bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist ferner, wie bzw. wo die Kohle in die Flüssigerzsäule eingebracht wird. Die Kohle muß an einer so hoch über dem Spiegel des sich im Boden des Reaktionsgefäßes ansammelnden schmelzflüssigen Metalls liegenden Stelle eingebracht werden, daß einerseits das Metall möglichst kohlenstoffarm in das Metallschmelzbad gelangt und andererseits kein Kohlenstoff in die Metallschmelze eingebracht wird. Hierdurch wird der Aufwand für eine zusätzliche Frischbehandlung vermieden bzw. vermindert.How or where the coal is introduced into the liquid ore column is also of crucial importance in the method according to the invention. The coal must be introduced at a location so high above the level of the molten metal accumulating in the bottom of the reaction vessel that, on the one hand, the metal reaches the molten metal bath with as little carbon as possible and, on the other hand, no carbon is introduced into the molten metal. This avoids or reduces the effort for additional fresh treatment.
Eine weitere Maßnahme von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Wahl der Höhe der Flüssigerzsäule. Diese muß erfindungsgemäß so bemessen werden, daß gebildetes CO beim Aufsteigen durch die Flüssigerzsäule in dem Reaktionsgefäß vollständig zu C02 ausreagiert.Another measure of particular importance is the choice of the height of the liquid ore column. According to the invention, this must be dimensioned such that the CO formed completely reacts to form CO 2 as it rises through the liquid ore column in the reaction vessel.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren führt zu folgenden Vorteilen:
- - Der Energieinhalt des Reduktionsmittels wird bis auf die fühlbare Wärme nahezu vollständig ausgenutzt,
- - der Einsatz von preiswertem Reduktionsmittel, wie Feinkohle, ist möglich,
- - die Schmelzreduktion läßt sich einstufig ausführen, d. h., es werden zusätzliche Maßnahmen, wie Abgasreinigung, Erzvorreduktion oder Frischen der Metallschmelze, vermieden,
- - infolge der Einstufigkeit der Arbeitsweise sind auch Energieaufwand und -verluste niedriger,
- - durch entsprechende Bemessung der Erzmischung können unmittelbar Metallegierungen vorbestimmter Zusammensetzung erzeugt werden,
- - dabei ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, hochschmelzende Oxyde, z. B. Chromoxyd, auch in fester Form bei Bildung einer Suspension in einer flüssigen Schlackenschmelze bei einer Temperatur von 1600 bis 18000C sehr schnell zu reduzieren, was sonst bei Direktreduktion im festen Zustand wegen des Sinterns der Beschickung nicht erreichbar ist,
- - Möglichkeit der ausschließlichen Verwendung von Primärenergie zur Reduktion.
- - The energy content of the reducing agent is almost completely used up to the sensible warmth,
- - the use of inexpensive reducing agents, such as fine coal, is possible,
- the smelting reduction can be carried out in one stage, ie additional measures such as exhaust gas purification, ore pre-reduction or freshening of the metal smelt are avoided,
- - due to the one-step procedure, energy expenditure and losses are lower,
- by appropriate dimensioning of the ore mixture, metal alloys of a predetermined composition can be produced directly,
- - There is the possibility of melting oxides, z. B. Chromium oxide, also in solid form when forming a suspension in a liquid slag melt at a temperature of 1600 to 1800 0 C very quickly, which is otherwise not possible with direct reduction in the solid state due to the sintering of the feed,
- - Possibility of using primary energy exclusively for reduction.
Grundsätzlich ist es aber auch möglich, einen Teil der Prozeß- und Verlustwärme oder die gesamte Menge durch andere Energiequellen als die Verbrennung des in die Flüssigerzsäule eingebrachten Kohlenstoffs zu erzeugen. Es wird aber bevorzugt, Kohle zur Reduktion und zur Erzeugung der benötigten Wärme einzubringen, am besten durch Einblasen.In principle, however, it is also possible to generate some or all of the process and loss heat by means of energy sources other than the combustion of the carbon introduced into the liquid ore column. However, it is preferred to introduce coal to reduce and generate the required heat, preferably by blowing.
Kohle und auch Sauerstoff können in mehreren Höhen, am besten entsprechend dem örtlichen Bedarf zugeführt werden.Coal and oxygen can be supplied at several levels, ideally according to local needs.
In der Zeichnung ist schematisch ein Schachtofen als Reaktionsgefäß dargestellt. Die Gleichungen der darin ablaufenden Reaktionen sind für Eisen als Beispiel angegeben.In the drawing, a shaft furnace is shown schematically as a reaction vessel. The equations of the reactions taking place are given as an example for iron.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3237144 | 1982-10-07 | ||
DE3237144 | 1982-10-07 | ||
DE3240656A DE3240656C2 (en) | 1982-10-07 | 1982-11-04 | Process for smelting reduction of metal ore |
DE3240656 | 1982-11-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0108232A1 true EP0108232A1 (en) | 1984-05-16 |
EP0108232B1 EP0108232B1 (en) | 1989-11-15 |
Family
ID=25804978
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83109472A Expired EP0108232B1 (en) | 1982-10-07 | 1983-09-23 | Process for the reduction of molten metal ores |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0108232B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3240656C2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE1006828A3 (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1995-01-03 | Elsen Tooling Ireland Ltd | Method for the preparation of metals, particularly iron, from oxidised ores,at any reduction temperature in a drop reduction furnace |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3922095A1 (en) * | 1989-07-05 | 1991-01-10 | Klimanek Margareta | Prodn. of liq. steel - from liq. iron oxide formed by treating metallic foam with high oil content etc., by mixing with pig iron |
DE4030272A1 (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1991-08-29 | Klimanek Margot | Treating metallic sludge contaminated with oil and other impurities - by superheating in shaft furnace and passing iron ore, carbon, scrap etc. into superheated melt to give steel or cast iron melt |
DE4042176C2 (en) * | 1990-12-29 | 1993-12-09 | Tech Resources Pty Ltd | Process for the reduction of metal oxides in the molten state |
DE19917128C1 (en) * | 1999-04-15 | 2000-12-28 | Hans Ulrich Feustel | Production of crude iron in a blast furnace comprises injecting oxygen at the injection sites through burners, sucking the required partial streams of the contaminated blast furnace gas using a partial vacuum, and burning the gas |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE201178C (en) * | ||||
US1105001A (en) * | 1912-11-05 | 1914-07-28 | Elfego Riveroll | Smelting-furnace. |
US1105901A (en) | 1913-07-11 | 1914-08-04 | Israel Gitenstein | Undergarment. |
DE605975C (en) * | 1932-02-19 | 1934-11-22 | Hoesch Koeln Neuessen Akt Ges | Method of making steel |
US2865733A (en) * | 1952-04-30 | 1958-12-23 | Finanziaria Siderurgica Finsid | Smelting process |
DE1458797A1 (en) * | 1964-05-06 | 1969-02-27 | Enn Vallak | Process and device for smelting reduction of metals |
DE2048827A1 (en) * | 1969-10-07 | 1971-04-22 | Method and device for the reduction of ores, in particular iron | |
DE1583941B1 (en) * | 1966-11-15 | 1971-10-28 | Mihaly Brunner | Process for the reduction of iron ore and melting vessel to carry out the process |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1583229A1 (en) * | 1966-10-20 | 1970-07-30 | Adriano Carli | Process for the production of pig iron by reducing iron oxide-containing charges in blast furnace-like, shaft-shaped reduction furnaces, and reduction furnace for carrying out this process |
-
1982
- 1982-11-04 DE DE3240656A patent/DE3240656C2/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-09-23 EP EP83109472A patent/EP0108232B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-09-23 DE DE8383109472T patent/DE3380851D1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE201178C (en) * | ||||
US1105001A (en) * | 1912-11-05 | 1914-07-28 | Elfego Riveroll | Smelting-furnace. |
US1105901A (en) | 1913-07-11 | 1914-08-04 | Israel Gitenstein | Undergarment. |
DE605975C (en) * | 1932-02-19 | 1934-11-22 | Hoesch Koeln Neuessen Akt Ges | Method of making steel |
US2865733A (en) * | 1952-04-30 | 1958-12-23 | Finanziaria Siderurgica Finsid | Smelting process |
DE1458797A1 (en) * | 1964-05-06 | 1969-02-27 | Enn Vallak | Process and device for smelting reduction of metals |
DE1583941B1 (en) * | 1966-11-15 | 1971-10-28 | Mihaly Brunner | Process for the reduction of iron ore and melting vessel to carry out the process |
DE2048827A1 (en) * | 1969-10-07 | 1971-04-22 | Method and device for the reduction of ores, in particular iron |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
R. THIELMANN; R. STEFFEN, STAHL UND EISEN, vol. 101, 1981, pages 841 |
STAHL UND EISEN, Band 101, Nr. 13-14, 01.07.1981 R. THIELMANN et al. "Herstellung von Roheisen und Stahlvorschmelzen aus Feinerzen durch Schmelzreduktion", Seiten 71-81 * |
STAHL UND EISEN, Band 101, Nr. 13-14, 01.07.1981, Düsseldorf S. EKETORP "Gedanken zur Stahlerzeugung im Jahre 2000", Seiten 82-89 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE1006828A3 (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1995-01-03 | Elsen Tooling Ireland Ltd | Method for the preparation of metals, particularly iron, from oxidised ores,at any reduction temperature in a drop reduction furnace |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3380851D1 (en) | 1989-12-21 |
DE3240656C2 (en) | 1986-06-19 |
EP0108232B1 (en) | 1989-11-15 |
DE3240656A1 (en) | 1984-04-12 |
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