EP0115756A1 - A method and arrangement for producing metals, in particular molten pig iron, steel pre-material or ferroalloys - Google Patents
A method and arrangement for producing metals, in particular molten pig iron, steel pre-material or ferroalloys Download PDFInfo
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- EP0115756A1 EP0115756A1 EP83890215A EP83890215A EP0115756A1 EP 0115756 A1 EP0115756 A1 EP 0115756A1 EP 83890215 A EP83890215 A EP 83890215A EP 83890215 A EP83890215 A EP 83890215A EP 0115756 A1 EP0115756 A1 EP 0115756A1
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- raw material
- vessel
- plasma torch
- carbon
- peripherally
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015136 FeMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002555 FeNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005347 FeSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 FeW Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
- C21B13/125—By using plasma
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
- C22B4/005—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys using plasma jets
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of metals, in particular liquid pig iron, steel raw material or ferroalloys, from metal oxide-containing raw material, the raw material being melted in a metallurgical vessel by means of at least one plasma torch, directed from top to bottom, and a device for carrying out the process .
- the reduction of the metal oxides takes place in the slag layer by exposing the molten oxide to the arc plasma jet containing a hydrocarbon gas and reducing this molten oxide by the decomposition products of the hydrocarbon gas.
- This known method has the disadvantage that the thermal energy radiated by the plasma jet is a great burden for the furnace lining, since the strongest heat radiation occurs perpendicular to the axis of the plasma jet. On the one hand, this means a shortening of the furnace journey, i.e. the operating time of the furnace from one lining to the next lining of the refractory lining, and on the other hand poor use of the energy supplied, since a large part of the heat has to be absorbed by the furnace lining without being involved in the melting process.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for performing the method, which make it possible to produce both pig iron and pig iron-like liquid metals as well as ferro-alloys, not only the furnace lining is protected from excessive heat load by the plasma jet, but the energy supplied by the plasma torch is available to the fine ore for melting and reducing it as much as possible stands. Furthermore, a previous agglomeration of the raw material to be used, ie the fine ore to be used, should be avoided, so that the effort involved in this can be dispensed with.
- the foam slag effectively protects the furnace lining against the heat radiation emitted by the plasma jet.
- the sheathing of the plasma jet by the finely divided raw material particles used allows optimal use of the thermal radiation of the plasma jet.
- the blowing in of carbon from below prevents the carbon from being carried away.
- the supply of the oxygen-containing gas from below avoids premature destruction of the cathode by the oxygen.
- the supply of the raw material particles is stopped and only oxygen-containing gas and / or carbon is blown in from below through the melt.
- a device for performing the invention has a refractory-lined metallurgical vessel and a plasma torch directed from top to bottom, a counterelectrode being arranged in the bottom of the vessel, and is characterized in that the plasma torch is peripheral to a jacket for forming a feed space for the finely divided particles surrounding the plasma torch Raw material particles are surrounded and that nozzles, preferably jacket nozzles, are provided in the bottom of the metallurgical vessel for supplying oxygen-containing gas and carbon.
- the metallic outer jacket 1 of the metallurgical vessel 2 is provided with a refractory lining 3.
- the vessel 2 is closed with a lid 4, which is also fireproof.
- An exhaust pipe 5 connects to the cover 4.
- a substantially vertical cylindrical vessel part 7 adjoins the vessel bottom part 6 at the top.
- the base electrode 11 for the plasma torch 9 is also inserted centrally in the bottom 10 of the vessel 2.
- the plasma torch 9 is peripherally surrounded by a jacket 12, through which an annular space 13 is formed which surrounds the plasma torch 9 and which is open to the vessel bottom 10.
- This annular space 13 can also be formed by a plurality of inflation lances for the raw material particles surrounding the plasma torch.
- bottom nozzles 14 which are preferably designed as jacket nozzles, through which oxygen and / or carbon is blown into the interior 8 of the vessel 2.
- a slag tap hole 15 and a metal tap hole 16 are provided in the lower part 6 of the vessel.
- the slag in the vessel is designated 17, the molten metal 18 and the plasma jet 19.
- the raw material jacket surrounding the plasma jet bears the reference number 20.
- oxygen and / or carbon is injected both from above through the annular space 13 (or the inflation lances) in addition to the insert and reducing gas and from below through the floor nozzles in order to build up a foam slag.
- Foaming of the slag is only possible if there is sufficient Fe0 and carbon content in the slag in the form of elemental carbon or carbon-saturated metal splashes. In this case, the carbon and oxygen of the iron oxide react to form carbon monoxide. This gas formation leads to an expansion or foaming of the slag. In addition, an adequate slag height and corresponding slag viscosity are required for the foaming of the slag.
- the carbon thus serves for reduction, for heating (through combustion with oxygen) and for foaming.
- the fine ore supply is discontinued, but oxygen and / or carbon continue to be injected through the floor nozzles 14.
- the process in the subsequent final reduction phase is now carried out in such a way that on the one hand the desired tapping temperature and on the other hand a low metal oxide content is achieved by a relatively high excess of carbon in the slag 17.
- the slag tapping hole 15 is then used for slagging and the metal tapping hole 16 is used for tapping.
- the slag compositions change accordingly.
- guideline values of the slag analysis for the smelting and finished melting phases in the production of pig iron-like liquid metal with approx. 2% carbon are given in a reduction reactor supplied with a base.
- the high temperature generated by the plasma torch 9 is of particular advantage primarily in the melting phase.
- a metal sump 18 remains in the melting vessel 2 after tapping; when charging again, the blowing in of carbon and / or oxygen (both from below and from above) - as an additional energy source to the plasma torch 9 - can then be started immediately.
- the method according to the invention also offers the possibility of reducing the exhaust gas quantities by means of targeted process control (by means of suitable energy) supply by the plasma torch 9 and metered blowing of heating, reducing and foaming gas) to be kept as low as possible.
- the hot exhaust gases can expediently be used for preheating and / or partial pre-reduction of the ore used.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Bei einem Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallen, insbesondere von flüssigem Roheisen, Stahlvormaterial oder Ferrolegierungen aus metalloxidhaltigem Rohstoff wird der Rohstoff in einem metallurgischem Gefäß (2) mittels mindestens eines, von oben nach unten gerichteten Plasmabrenners (9) erschmolzen. Um die vom Plasmabrenner zugeführte Energie in möglichst großem Ausmaß dem Feinerz zu dessen Erschmelzung und Reduzierung zur Verfügung stellen zu können und um die Ofenausmauerung vor einer zu großen Wärmebelastung wirksam zu schützen, - wird der Rohstoff in Form von feinteiligen Partikeln parallel zum Plasmastrahl (19) und diesen peripher umgebend von oben in das metallurgische Gefäß (2) zugegeben, - werden in das Gefäß (2) von unten durch die Schmelze (18) hindurch sauerstoffhaltige Gase und Kohlenstoff eingeblasen und - wird in dem Gefäß (2) eine, den Plasmastrahl (19) in seiner gesamten Höhe und den Zuflußstrom (20) der Rohstoffpartikel peripher umgebende Schaumschlacke (17) gebildet.In a method for producing metals, in particular liquid pig iron, steel raw material or ferroalloys from raw material containing metal oxide, the raw material is melted in a metallurgical vessel (2) by means of at least one plasma torch (9) directed from top to bottom. In order to be able to make the energy supplied by the plasma torch as large as possible available to the fine ore for melting and reducing it and to effectively protect the furnace lining from excessive heat, the raw material is made in the form of fine particles parallel to the plasma jet (19). and this peripherally added from above into the metallurgical vessel (2), - oxygen-containing gases and carbon are blown into the vessel (2) from below through the melt (18) and - in the vessel (2) one, the plasma jet (19) in its entire height and the inflow stream (20) of the raw material particles peripherally surrounding foam slag (17).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallen, insbesondere von flüssigem Roheisen, Stahlvormaterial oder Ferrolegierungen.aus metalloxidhältigem Rohstoff, wobei der Rohstoff in einem metallurgischen Gefäß mittels mindestens eines, von oben nach unten gerichteten Plasmabrenners erschmolzen wird, sowie eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a process for the production of metals, in particular liquid pig iron, steel raw material or ferroalloys, from metal oxide-containing raw material, the raw material being melted in a metallurgical vessel by means of at least one plasma torch, directed from top to bottom, and a device for carrying out the process .
Die Verarbeitung von Feinerzen zu Flüssigmetall erfordert bei den heute in Verwendung stehenden Reduktionsaggregaten eine vorhergehende Agglomerierung. Sollen z.B. feinkörnige Eisenerze reduziert und zu Flüssigmetall erschmolzen werden, was üblicherweise in einem Hochofen oder in einem Elektroreduktionsofen erfolgt, ist es zur Erzielung einer möglichst wirtschaftlichen Ausbringung und einer guten Reduktionsleistung bei möglichst geringem Brennstoffverbrauch erforderlich, das Erz durch Sintern, Pelletieren oder Brikettieren stückig zu machen.The processing of fine ores into liquid metal requires a previous agglomeration in the reduction units in use today. Should e.g. fine-grained iron ores are reduced and smelted into liquid metal, which is usually done in a blast furnace or in an electric reduction furnace, to achieve the most economical possible output and good reduction performance with the lowest possible fuel consumption, it is necessary to make the ore lumpy by sintering, pelleting or briquetting.
Dies gilt auch für die Herstellung von Ferrolegierungen (FeCr, FeMn, FeW, FeNi, FeSi, ...), die vorwiegend in Elektroreduktionsöfen erschmolzen werden.This also applies to the production of ferroalloys (FeCr, FeMn, FeW, FeNi, FeSi, ...), which are mainly melted in electric reduction furnaces.
Die Nachteile dieser bekannten Verfahren sind unter anderem im hohen technischen und wirtschaftlichen Aufwand für die Aufbereitung der Erze vor dem eigentlichen Einschmelz- bzw. Reduktionsprozeß und in der relativ langen Prozeßdauer zu sehen.The disadvantages of these known processes can be seen, inter alia, in the high technical and economic outlay for the preparation of the ores before the actual melting or reduction process and in the relatively long process time.
Aus der AT-B - 257 964 ist ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art zum Reduzieren metallischer Oxide mittels eines Lichtbogenplasmas bekannt. Der Plasmabogen wird zwischen einem im Deckel vertikal angeordneten Plasmabrenner und einer im Boden eines Schmelzgefäßes angeordneten Bodenelektrode gezündet.From AT-B - 257 964 a method of the type described at the outset for reducing metallic oxides by means of an arc plasma is known. The plasma arc is ignited between a plasma torch arranged vertically in the lid and a bottom electrode arranged in the bottom of a melting vessel.
Die Reduktion der Metalloxide findet in der Schlackenschicht statt, indem das schmelzflüssige Oxid dem Lichtbogenplasmastrahl ausgesetzt wird, der ein Kohlenwasserstoffgas enthält, und dieses schmelzflüssige Oxid durch die Zerfallsprodukte des Kohlenwasserstoffgases reduziert wird.The reduction of the metal oxides takes place in the slag layer by exposing the molten oxide to the arc plasma jet containing a hydrocarbon gas and reducing this molten oxide by the decomposition products of the hydrocarbon gas.
Dieses bekannte Verfahren weist den Nachteil auf, daß die vom Plasmastrahl abgestrahlte Wärmeenergie eine große Belastung für die Ofenauskleidung darstellt, da die stärkste Wärmestrahlung senkrecht zur Achse des Plasmastrahles auftritt. Dies bedingt einerseits eine Verkürzung der Ofenreise, d.h. der Betriebsdauer des Ofens von einer Ausmauerung bis zur nächsten Ausmauerung der feuerfesten Auskleidung,und andererseits eine schlechte Ausnützung der zugeführten Energie, da ein Großteil der Wärme, ohne am Erschmelzungsprozeß beteiligt zu sein, von der Ofenausmauerung aufgenommen werden muß.This known method has the disadvantage that the thermal energy radiated by the plasma jet is a great burden for the furnace lining, since the strongest heat radiation occurs perpendicular to the axis of the plasma jet. On the one hand, this means a shortening of the furnace journey, i.e. the operating time of the furnace from one lining to the next lining of the refractory lining, and on the other hand poor use of the energy supplied, since a large part of the heat has to be absorbed by the furnace lining without being involved in the melting process.
Die Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zu schaffen, welche es ermöglichen, sowohl Roheisen und roheisenähnliche Flüssigmetalle als auch Ferrolegierungen herzustellen, wobei nicht nur die Ofenausmauerung vor einer zu großen Wärmebelastung durch den Plasmastrahl geschützt ist, sondern die vom Plasmabrenner zugeführte Energie in möglichst großem Ausmaß dem Feinerz zu dessen Erschmelzung und Reduzierung zur Verfügung steht. Weiters soll ein vorhergehendes Agglomerieren des einzusetzenden Rohstoffes, d.h. des einzusetzenden Feinerzes vermieden werden, so daß der diesbezügliche Aufwand entfallen kann.The invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus for performing the method, which make it possible to produce both pig iron and pig iron-like liquid metals as well as ferro-alloys, not only the furnace lining is protected from excessive heat load by the plasma jet, but the energy supplied by the plasma torch is available to the fine ore for melting and reducing it as much as possible stands. Furthermore, a previous agglomeration of the raw material to be used, ie the fine ore to be used, should be avoided, so that the effort involved in this can be dispensed with.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Kombination folgender Merkmale gelöst:
- - daß der Rohstoff in Form von feinteiligen Partikeln parallel zum Plasmastrahl und diesen peripher umgebend von oben in das metallurgische Gefäß zugegeben wird,
- - daß in das Gefäß von unten durch die Schmelze hindurch sauerstoffhältige Gase und Kohlenstoff eingeblasen werden und
- - daß in dem Gefäß eine, den Plasmastrahl in seiner gesamten Höhe und den Zuflußstrom der Rohstoffpartikel peripher umgebende Schaumschlacke gebildet wird.
- that the raw material is added in the form of finely divided particles parallel to the plasma jet and peripherally surrounding it from above into the metallurgical vessel,
- - That oxygen-containing gases and carbon are blown into the vessel from below through the melt and
- - That in the vessel one, the plasma jet in its entire height and the inflow flow of the raw material particles peripherally surrounding foam slag is formed.
Die Schaumschlacke bewirkt einen effektvollen Schutz der Ofenausmauerung vor der vom Plasmastrahl ausgehenden Wärmestrahlung. Die Ummantelung des Plasmastrahles durch die eingesetzten feinteiligen Rohstoffpartikel läßt eine optimale Nutzung der Wärmestrahlung des Plasmastrahles zu. Das Einblasen von Kohlenstoff von unten bewirkt, daß ein Austragen des Kohlenstoffes vermieden wird. Die Zuführung des sauerstoffhältigen Gases von unten vermeidet eine vorzeitige Zerstörung der Kathode durch den Sauerstoff.The foam slag effectively protects the furnace lining against the heat radiation emitted by the plasma jet. The sheathing of the plasma jet by the finely divided raw material particles used allows optimal use of the thermal radiation of the plasma jet. The blowing in of carbon from below prevents the carbon from being carried away. The supply of the oxygen-containing gas from below avoids premature destruction of the cathode by the oxygen.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird nach dem Einschmelzen der Rohstoffpartikel die Zufuhr der Rohstoffpartikel eingestellt und lediglich sauerstoffhältiges Gas und/oder Kohlenstoff von unten durch die Schmelze hindurch eingeblasen.According to a preferred embodiment, after the raw material particles have melted, the supply of the raw material particles is stopped and only oxygen-containing gas and / or carbon is blown in from below through the melt.
Eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens weist ein feuerfest ausgekleidetes metallurgisches Gefäß und einen von oben nach unten gerichteten Plasmabrenner auf, wobei im Boden des Gefäßes eine Gegenelektrode angeordnet ist, und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Plasmabrenner peripher von einem Mantel zur Bildung eines den Plasmabrenner peripher umgebenden Zuführraumes für die feinteiligen Rohstoffpartikel umgeben ist und daß im Boden des metallurgischen Gefäßes Düsen, vorzugsweise Manteldüsen,zur Zufuhr von sauerstoffhältigem Gas und Kohlenstoff vorgesehen sind.A device for performing the invention The method has a refractory-lined metallurgical vessel and a plasma torch directed from top to bottom, a counterelectrode being arranged in the bottom of the vessel, and is characterized in that the plasma torch is peripheral to a jacket for forming a feed space for the finely divided particles surrounding the plasma torch Raw material particles are surrounded and that nozzles, preferably jacket nozzles, are provided in the bottom of the metallurgical vessel for supplying oxygen-containing gas and carbon.
Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert, wobei die Zeichnung ein metallurgisches Gefäß im Vertikalschnitt zeigt.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing using an exemplary embodiment, the drawing showing a metallurgical vessel in vertical section.
Der metallische Außenmantel 1 des metallurgischen Gefäßes 2 ist mit einer feuerfesten Auskleidung 3 versehen. Das Gefäß 2 ist mit einem Deckel 4, der ebenfalls feuerfest ausgekleidet ist, geschlossen. An den Deckel 4 schließt eine Abgasleitung 5 an. An den Gefäßunterteil 6 schließt nach oben hin ein im wesentlichen vertikaler zylindrischer Gefäßteil 7 an. Durch den Deckel 4 des Gefäßes 2 ragt in dessen Innenraum 8 ein vertikaler, zentrisch im Gefäß 2 angeordneter Plasmabrenner 9. Im Boden 10 des Gefäßes 2 ist ebenfalls zentral die Bodenelektrode 11 für den Plasmabrenner 9 eingesetzt.The metallic outer jacket 1 of the
Der Plasmabrenner 9 ist peripher von einem Mantel 12 umgeben, durch den ein den Plasmabrenner 9 umgebender Ringraum 13 gebildet wird, der zum Gefäßboden 10 hin offen ist. Dieser Ringraum 13 kann auch von mehreren, den Plasmabrenner peripher umgebenden Aufblaslanzen für die Rohstoffpartikel gebildet sein. Im Boden 10 des Gefäßes 2 sind Bodendüsen14, die vorzugsweise als Manteldüsen ausgebildet sind, angeordnet, durch die Sauerstoff und/oder Kohlenstoff in den Innenraum 8 des Gefäßes 2 eingeblasen wird.The plasma torch 9 is peripherally surrounded by a
Im Gefäßunterteil 6 sind ein Schlackenabstichloch 15 und ein Metallabstichloch 16 vorgesehen. Die im Gefäß befindliche Schlacke ist mit 17, das erschmolzene Metall mit 18 und der Plasmastrahl mit 19 bezeichnet. Der den Plasmastrahl umgebende Rohstoffmantel trägt das Bezugszeichen 20.A
Nachfolgend ist die Funktion der Einrichtung beim Herstellen von Roheisen näher erläutert:
- Eine erste Chargierung mit Feinerz und Schlackenbildnern erfolgt durch den Ringraum (oder die eventuell statt ihm vorgesehenen Aufblaslanzen). Danach wird ein
Plasmabogen 19 zwischen dem in vertikaler Richtung beweglichen (zur optimalen Einstellung der Plasmabogenlänge) Plasmabrenner 9 und der wassergekühlten Bodenelektrode 11 gezündet und der gegebenenfalls mit Feinkohle vermischte Einsatz durch die vomPlasmabogen 19 abgestrahlte Wärme aufgeschmolzen sowie mittels des mit ihm eingeblasenen Reduktionsgases reduziert.
- A first batch with fine ore and slag formers takes place through the annular space (or the inflation lances that may be provided instead of it). Thereafter, a
plasma arc 19 is ignited between the plasma torch 9, which is movable in the vertical direction (for optimum adjustment of the plasma arc length), and the water-cooled bottom electrode 11, and the insert mixed with fine coal, if necessary, is melted by the heat radiated by theplasma arc 19 and reduced by means of the reducing gas blown in with it.
Nach Bildung eines Metallsumpfes 18 und einer Schlackenschicht 17 wird sowohl von oben durch den Ringraum 13 (bzw. die Aufblaslanzen) zusätzlich zum Einsatz und Reduktionsgas als auch von unten durch die Bodendüsen Sauerstoff und/oder Kohlenstoff eingedüst, um eine Schaumschlacke aufzubauen.After formation of a
Ein Schäumen der Schlacke ist nur möglich, wenn in der Schlacke ein ausreichender Fe0-Gehalt und Kohlenstoffgehalt, in Form von elementarem Kohlenstoff bzw. kohlenstoffgesättigten Metallspritzern, vorliegt. In diesem Fall reagiert der Kohlenstoff und der Sauerstoff des Eisenoxides unter Bildung von Kohlenmonoxid. Diese Gasbildung führt zu einem Aufblähen bzw. Schäumen der Schlacke. Darüber hinaus ist für das Schäumen der Schlacke eine hinreichende Schlackenhöhe und entsprechende Schlackenviskosität erforderlich.Foaming of the slag is only possible if there is sufficient Fe0 and carbon content in the slag in the form of elemental carbon or carbon-saturated metal splashes. In this In this case, the carbon and oxygen of the iron oxide react to form carbon monoxide. This gas formation leads to an expansion or foaming of the slag. In addition, an adequate slag height and corresponding slag viscosity are required for the foaming of the slag.
Der Kohlenstoff dient somit zur Reduktion, zur Heizung (durch Verbrennung mit Sauerstoff) und zur Schäumung.The carbon thus serves for reduction, for heating (through combustion with oxygen) and for foaming.
Ist die Einschmelzphase beendet, so wird die Feinerzzufuhr eingestellt, jedoch Sauerstoff und/oder Kohlenstoff weiterhin durch die Bodendüsen 14 eingedüst. Der Prozeß in der folgenden Fertigreduktionsphase wird nun so geführt, daß einerseits die gewünschte Abstichtemperatur und andererseits ein geringer Metalloxidgehalt durch einen relativ hohen Kohlenstoffüberschuß in der Schlacke 17 erreicht wird. Anschließend wird durch das Schlackenabstichloch 15 abgeschlackt und durch das Metallabstichloch 16 abgestochen.When the melting phase has ended, the fine ore supply is discontinued, but oxygen and / or carbon continue to be injected through the floor nozzles 14. The process in the subsequent final reduction phase is now carried out in such a way that on the one hand the desired tapping temperature and on the other hand a low metal oxide content is achieved by a relatively high excess of carbon in the
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird zwischen einer Einschmelz- und Fertigreduktionsphase unterschieden. Dementsprechend verändern sich auch die Schlackenzusammensetzungen. Im folgenden sind Richtwerte der Schlackenanalyse für die Einschmelz- und Fertigschmelzphase bei der Herstellung von roheisenähnlichem Flüssigmetall mit ca. 2 % Kohlenstoff in einem basisch zugestellten Reduktionsreaktor angegeben.In the method according to the invention, a distinction is made between a melting phase and a finished reduction phase. The slag compositions change accordingly. In the following, guideline values of the slag analysis for the smelting and finished melting phases in the production of pig iron-like liquid metal with approx. 2% carbon are given in a reduction reactor supplied with a base.
Schlackenzusammensetzung in der Einschmelzphase:
- 30 bis 35 % FeO + Fe3O4
- 40 bis 45 % Ca0 + MnO
- 15 bis 20 % Si02
- Rest P205, A1203, MgO u.a.
- 30 to 35% FeO + Fe 3 O 4
- 40 to 45% Ca0 + MnO
- 15 to 20% Si0 2
- Balance P205, A1203, MgO and others
Schlackenzusammensetzung in der Fertigschmelzphase:
- 10 bis 15 % Gesamteisengehalt der Schlacke (das Eisen ist großteils in Form von FeO an den Sauerstoff gebunden)
- 50 bis 55 % Ca0 + MnO
- 20 bis 25 % Si02
- Rest P205, A1203, MgO u.a.
- 10 to 15% total iron content of the slag (the iron is largely bound to the oxygen in the form of FeO)
- 50 to 55% Ca0 + MnO
- 20 to 25% Si0 2
- Balance P 2 0 5 , A1203, MgO and others
Neben der Zufuhr von elektrischer Energie durch den Plasmabrenner 9 wird ein Großteil der benötigten Energie in Form von Kohlenstoff und Sauerstoff zugeführt (- es verbrennt der Kohlenstoff mit dem Sauerstoff, wobei Energie frei wird -), wodurch es möglich ist, auch hochschmelzende Legierungen, insbesondere hochschmelzende Ferrolegierungen, kostengünstig herzustellen. Die oben dargelegten grundsätzlichen Überlegungen für die Schlackenbildung gelten auch bei der Erzeugung von Ferrolegierungen. Dabei nimmt jedoch der Eisenoxidgehalt ab, wogegen die Gehalte an Mn-, Cr-, W-Oxid u.a. zunehmen.In addition to the supply of electrical energy by the plasma torch 9, a large part of the required energy is supplied in the form of carbon and oxygen (- the carbon burns with the oxygen, whereby energy is released -), which makes it possible to also use high-melting alloys, in particular high-melting ferro alloys, inexpensive to manufacture. The basic considerations for slag formation set out above also apply to the production of ferroalloys. However, the iron oxide content decreases, whereas the contents of Mn, Cr, W oxide, etc. increase.
Die hohe, vom Plasmabrenner 9 erzeugte Temperatur ist vorwiegend in der Einschmelzphase von besonderem Vorteil. Für einen möglichst wirtschaftlichen Ofenbetrieb ist es zweckmäßig, daß nach dem Abstich ein Metallsumpf 18 im Schmelzgefäß 2 verbleibt; bei einer erneuten Chargierung kann dann sofort mit dem Einblasen von Kohlenstoff und/oder Sauerstoff (sowohl von unten als auch von oben) - als zusätzlicher Energieträger zum Plasmabrenner 9 - begonnen werden.The high temperature generated by the plasma torch 9 is of particular advantage primarily in the melting phase. For the most economical furnace operation, it is expedient that a
Neben den Vorteilen der optimalen Ausnutzung der vom Plasmastrahl 19 abgegebenen Energie und der weitgehenden Schonung der Ofenauskleidung bietet das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch die Möglichkeit, die Abgasmengen durch gezielte Prozeßführung (durch geeignete Energiezufuhr durch den Plasmabrenner 9 sowie dosiertes Einblasen von Heiz-, Reduktions- und Schäumgas) möglichst gering zu halten. Die heißen Abgase können zweckmäßig zur Vorwärmung und/oder teilweisen Vorreduktion des eingesetzten Erzes verwendet werden.In addition to the advantages of optimally utilizing the energy emitted by the
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT4445/82 | 1982-12-07 | ||
AT0444582A AT375960B (en) | 1982-12-07 | 1982-12-07 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING METALS, ESPECIALLY LIQUID PIPE IRON, STEEL PRE-MATERIAL OR REMOTE ALLOYS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0115756A1 true EP0115756A1 (en) | 1984-08-15 |
EP0115756B1 EP0115756B1 (en) | 1986-09-17 |
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ID=3564106
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83890215A Expired EP0115756B1 (en) | 1982-12-07 | 1983-11-24 | A method and arrangement for producing metals, in particular molten pig iron, steel pre-material or ferroalloys |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US4533385A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0115756B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS59113111A (en) |
AT (1) | AT375960B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2210283A (en) |
DD (1) | DD215583A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3366331D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES8506101A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI834416A (en) |
NO (1) | NO834484L (en) |
PT (1) | PT77770B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA839054B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0292469A1 (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1988-11-23 | K.H.T. Know-How-Trading Patentverwertung Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Process and apparatus for high-temperature chemical operations |
EP0657549A1 (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-06-14 | Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh | Process for producing an iron melt |
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US4654076A (en) * | 1986-01-30 | 1987-03-31 | Plasma Energy Corporation | Apparatus and method for treating metallic fines |
US5017754A (en) * | 1989-08-29 | 1991-05-21 | Hydro Quebec | Plasma reactor used to treat powder material at very high temperatures |
US5177763A (en) * | 1990-03-28 | 1993-01-05 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Furnace bottom structure of direct current electric furnace |
DE4130397A1 (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-03-18 | Kortec Ag | DC ELECTRIC OVEN WITH A STOVE ELECTRODE, STOVE ELECTRODE AND ELECTRODE BLOCK AND OPERATING METHOD FOR THIS OVEN |
US5375139A (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1994-12-20 | Bender; Manfred | Electric arc furnace insitu scrap preheating process |
US5528012A (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1996-06-18 | Retech, Inc. | Apparatus and method for starting a plasma arc treatment system |
SE536291C2 (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2013-08-06 | Valeas Recycling Ab | Iron reduction process and device therefore |
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- 1982-12-07 AT AT0444582A patent/AT375960B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1983
- 1983-11-24 DE DE8383890215T patent/DE3366331D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-24 EP EP83890215A patent/EP0115756B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-12-02 FI FI834416A patent/FI834416A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-12-05 US US06/558,034 patent/US4533385A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-12-05 PT PT77770A patent/PT77770B/en unknown
- 1983-12-05 DD DD83257520A patent/DD215583A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-06 ES ES527834A patent/ES8506101A1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-12-06 NO NO834484A patent/NO834484L/en unknown
- 1983-12-06 ZA ZA839054A patent/ZA839054B/en unknown
- 1983-12-06 AU AU22102/83A patent/AU2210283A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1983-12-07 JP JP58232190A patent/JPS59113111A/en active Granted
-
1985
- 1985-01-30 US US06/696,357 patent/US4617671A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP0292469A1 (en) * | 1987-05-18 | 1988-11-23 | K.H.T. Know-How-Trading Patentverwertung Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Process and apparatus for high-temperature chemical operations |
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US5611838A (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1997-03-18 | Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh | Process for producing an iron melt |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT77770A (en) | 1984-01-01 |
FI834416A0 (en) | 1983-12-02 |
ZA839054B (en) | 1984-08-29 |
FI834416A (en) | 1984-06-08 |
ATA444582A (en) | 1984-02-15 |
ES527834A0 (en) | 1985-06-01 |
JPS59113111A (en) | 1984-06-29 |
AT375960B (en) | 1984-09-25 |
DD215583A5 (en) | 1984-11-14 |
US4533385A (en) | 1985-08-06 |
NO834484L (en) | 1984-06-08 |
ES8506101A1 (en) | 1985-06-01 |
EP0115756B1 (en) | 1986-09-17 |
AU2210283A (en) | 1984-06-14 |
JPH0256407B2 (en) | 1990-11-30 |
US4617671A (en) | 1986-10-14 |
PT77770B (en) | 1986-03-19 |
DE3366331D1 (en) | 1986-10-23 |
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