EP0107042B1 - Détecteur infra-rouge pour déterminer un intrus dans une zone - Google Patents

Détecteur infra-rouge pour déterminer un intrus dans une zone Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0107042B1
EP0107042B1 EP83109377A EP83109377A EP0107042B1 EP 0107042 B1 EP0107042 B1 EP 0107042B1 EP 83109377 A EP83109377 A EP 83109377A EP 83109377 A EP83109377 A EP 83109377A EP 0107042 B1 EP0107042 B1 EP 0107042B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor element
signal
detector
optical system
structured
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Expired
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EP83109377A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0107042A1 (fr
Inventor
Gustav Rolf Dr.Sc.Nat. Dipl.Phys. Pfister
Peter Dr. phil. Dipl.Phys. Wägli
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Cerberus AG
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Cerberus AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/185—Signal analysis techniques for reducing or preventing false alarms or for enhancing the reliability of the system
    • G08B29/188—Data fusion; cooperative systems, e.g. voting among different detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/19—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using infrared-radiation detection systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
    • G08B29/046—Monitoring of the detection circuits prevention of tampering with detection circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S250/00—Radiant energy
    • Y10S250/01—Passive intrusion detectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a passive infrared (IR) detector according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • US Pat. No. 4,342,987 describes an intrusion detection system with such a detector for optically monitoring an area, in which an alarm is triggered when an intruder moves through the monitored area.
  • the system comprises a passive infrared detector with a sensor element, which has at least two separate areas sensitive to infrared radiation, infrared radiation emanating from an intruder having a temperature that differs from its ambient temperature falling successively on the two sensor areas .
  • the passive infrared detector has optics for focusing the infrared radiation emanating from the intruder onto the sensor element, and an evaluation circuit for monitoring the electrical signal emitted by the sensor element.
  • a disadvantage of the above-described and other known infrared detectors is that the broadband sensitive sensor elements used, such as pyroelectric crystals or polymers, bolometers or thermocouples, respond to electromagnetic radiation in the entire wavelength range. The result of this is that signals are also generated that originate from IR radiation that are not generated by intruders. Such false alarms must be prevented as much as possible in a good monitoring system.
  • DE-B-2103909 describes such a monitoring device in which sufficient coverage of a particularly large total area is achieved by means of only one sensor element, which then provides a clearly distinguishable output signal if an intruder exceeds the limit of the coverage area; This is achieved in that a plurality of reflecting surfaces are arranged in such a way that the IR radiation coming from a plurality of separate fields of view is directed onto the sensing element.
  • the radiation entrance window of the IR detectors is covered with an optical filter with a pass range of 4-20 ⁇ m.
  • the signal emitted by the sensor is amplified by an AC amplifier, which is designed so that only signals in the frequency range are amplified, which corresponds to the passage of an intruder through the different zones of the room to be monitored.
  • This frequency range is preferably between 0.1 and 10 Hz.
  • a passive IR detector is known from US-A-3480473, in which the IR radiation falls onto the IR sensor via a fine grating arranged in a cylindrical manner around the IR sensor. This enables all-round monitoring and differentiation of background radiation, since a moving body emitting IR radiation generates an electrical alternating signal.
  • the space to be monitored is generally divided into fan-shaped monitoring areas, for example by zone optics.
  • thermocouples or thermistors or pyroelectric detectors
  • the IR detector has two optical systems with different focal lengths, for example a mirror arranged behind the IR detector and having a larger focal length than a germanium lens arranged in front of the IR detector, which covers the close range serves to increase the remote sensitivity.
  • an IR motion detector in which, in order to reduce the sensitivity to electromagnetic radiation penetrating the glass, the optical filter located in front of the input of the IR detector is connected to a heat sink in the form of a solid metal body.
  • Differential elements are also used in IR detectors, ie the spatial zones are imaged on two closely adjacent sensor elements (for example two electrodes applied to the same element), which are then connected to a differential amplifier.
  • a sensor is described for example in US-A-3839640.
  • the zones depicted on the individual elements overlap, ie turbulence generates the same electrical signals on both elements, ie the differential amplifier output remains unchanged.
  • these differential elements it is possible to successfully reduce the turbulence, which is only disturbing if it occurs in the vicinity of the detector to press.
  • the sensitivity to objects moving in the vicinity is greatly reduced or not recognizable, as is the case with turbulence. In other words: burglars who are very close to the detector cannot be detected; acts of sabotage, e.g. B. masking, overspraying or the like, are not recognized.
  • EP-C-23354 discloses a pyrodetector with two pyroelectric sensors, one of which is located in the focal point of an IR radiation reflecting concave mirror, while the other is used to compensate for the IR radiation originating in particular from the cover outside the focal point is arranged.
  • the various known measures to suppress false alarms are effective, but only include part of the problem of false alarms and especially the problem of sabotage.
  • the latter problem relates to the wanton covering of the entry window by an object, e.g. B. hat or board, or by spraying a transparent varnish, which absorbs the IR radiation necessary for the detection of intruders in the wavelength range of 4-20gm. This blinds the detector and intruders can no longer be detected.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages of the known IR detectors and an IR detector with increased reliability, ie. H. to create an increased detection probability with a reduced risk of false alarms.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an IR detector, the electrical circuit of which makes it possible to suppress false alarms which are generated by thermal turbulence and electronic noise and also to detect slowly moving objects with a small temperature difference from the background.
  • Another task is to create an IR detector which detects acts of sabotage, such as covering the entrance optics with IR-opaque materials (e.g. paper, glass or spray paints), and in which signals distinguishable from hot air turbulence are obtained.
  • IR-opaque materials e.g. paper, glass or spray paints
  • the output signal of an IR detector of the type mentioned is evaluated not only according to its amplitude but also according to its similarity to a reference signal.
  • reference signals are stored in a read-only memory which correspond to the signals which are generated by an object which moves through the monitoring area of the optics at different speeds.
  • Each signal of the IR detector is then correlated with the reference signals and an alarm is triggered if the similarity with one or more reference signals exceeds a predetermined value and at the same time the amplitude is greater than a fixed threshold value. Since there are still high similarities even with noisy input signals (S / N - 1), this greatly improves the detection probability.
  • the reference signal is compared with the signal obtained from a second optical system, the monitoring area of which is different from that of the first optical system, in connection with a second detector;
  • the second optical system preferably monitors only the close range of the detector.
  • the second sensor element has an optical system, the focal length of which is set up in such a way that the close range (ie housing, window) is imaged on the sensor element, in contrast to the first optical system, which objects at far distances on the maps the first sensor element.
  • the second optical system consists of pinhole diaphragms or mirror segments, which have the effect that the monitoring areas only overlap in the immediate vicinity of the detector.
  • the comparison is only carried out with permanently stored references in order to achieve an increase in the probability of detection, a differential sensor element being used for the turbulence suppression. In this case, a second sensor element is unnecessary.
  • the IR detector has a first sensor element 11 which is exposed to IR radiation from the room to be monitored by a first optical system 0 1 with a certain focal length. Depending on the level of the IR radiation impinging thereon, the first sensor element 11 emits an electrical signal which is amplified by a first amplifier 21.
  • the amplified signal is fed to a first analog / digital converter 31, which converts the analog signal present at the input into a digital signal S, and a correlator K, in which it is compared with reference signals, and a threshold value detector 42, in which the amplitude is determined is feeding.
  • the correlator K and the threshold detector 42 are followed by an alarm stage A, which emits an alarm / sabotage signal as a function of the correlation C determined by the correlator K and the amplitude of the signal S 1 .
  • Correlator K uses the signals R i ... R n stored in a read-only memory FS, which correspond to different object speeds, as reference signals.
  • an object moving through a surveillance area generates a sequence of positive and negative signal pulses, where for example the positive pulse corresponds to the movement into the monitored zone, the negative going pulse corresponds to the movement out of the monitored zone, as for example in FIG GB-A-2047886.
  • the height and width of the pulses depend on the speed of movement and the temperature difference from the object to the background temperature.
  • Pulse sequences can now be selected as reference signals. B. correspond to different typical speeds of movement. However, it is also sufficient to use idealized reference signals, e.g. B. the following rectangular pulses or pulses, which have the known Gaussian shape.
  • the current signal S 1 is now continuously checked for similarity with the reference signals R 1 ... R n stored in the read-only memory FS. This is done according to the correlation method known from radar technology, for example, by which the integral is calculated calculated.
  • r ( ⁇ ) is the stored reference signal
  • S ( ⁇ ) the current signal generated by the moving object
  • -To / 2 are integration limits that have to be optimized based on experiments.
  • C (t) is a measure of the similarity of the two signals r and S, which is known as the correlation of r and S. (Compare e.g. Introduction to Radar Systems Mc Graw Hill 1962/1980 by MJSkolnik).
  • the alarm is triggered when the correlation C (t) and the amplitude a (t) exceed a certain, predetermined value in the course of time.
  • a threshold for the similarity of signals and their amplitudes is additionally set in the method according to the invention for triggering the alarm.
  • the comparison of similarity has the advantage that even with heavily noisy input signals (signal / noise ratio - 1), which can no longer be evaluated in the conventional method, a correlation C (t) can be clearly calculated and compared with the threshold value. This two-criteria evaluation can significantly increase the probability of detection for a given false alarm rate.
  • FIG. 2 shows the measured probability of occurrence W A of a certain amplitude A (in relative units) for various current signals S 1 emitted by sensor element 11 in a logarithmic representation.
  • W A was determined experimentally by measuring the signals of different nominally identical events again. W A then denotes the probability that a given signal occurs for a given event.
  • R electronic noise
  • LE slow walking speed, small temperature contrast to the environment
  • T close-up turbulence
  • Differential sensors according to EP-A-0086369 (published on August 24, 1983), which are not balanced for high frequencies, are particularly suitable here.
  • the mode of operation is explained when a further signal S 2 , which comes from a second sensor element 12, the z. B. is equipped with an optic 0 2 , which has a pinhole, which ensures that the monitoring area of the two sensor elements only overlaps in the immediate vicinity of the detector.
  • This signal is also first amplified by a second amplifier 22, then converted into digital form in a second analog / digital converter 23.
  • the signal S 2 is finally fed to the correlator K (FIG. 1).
  • the two sensor elements 11, 12 are located on a chip and, according to one embodiment, are arranged in a housing.
  • the current signal S obtained from the first sensor element 11 is continuously compared with reference signals R,... R n stored in the read-only memory FS and the current signal S 2 received from the second sensor element 12.
  • FIG. 4 shows the correlation C (schematic similarity) of the signals S 1 and S 2 as a function of the distance Z from the detector 11, 12 for two different events, such as covering with non-IR transparent material, that is to say a sabotage event S and warm air turbulence T.
  • the correlation C (similarity) only reaches high values in the immediate vicinity of the detector and the values are different for the two events S and T.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Détecteur infrarouge (IR) passif pour déterminer la présence d'un intrus qui possède une température qui s'écarte de la température de son environnement, avec au moins un élément-détecteur (11) servant à produire un signal électrique en fonction d'un rayonnement IR incident, et avec une optique qui sert à focaliser sur l'élément-détecteur (11) le rayonnement IR émis par l'intrus et qui dirige sur l'élément-détecteur (11) le rayonnement IR provenant de plusieurs champs de vision déterminés et séparés l'un de l'autre, ainsi qu'avec un circuit d'évaluation (K, A) qui sert à surveiller le signal électrique émis par l'élément-détecteur (11) et qui émet un signal de sortie qui dépend des modifications du rayonnement incident qui sont dues aux mouvements de l'intrus, caractérisé par le fait que le circuit d'évaluation (K, A) comporte un corrélateur (K) dans lequel on compare en permanence le signal (Si) actuel, reçu par l'élément-détecteur (11) avec des signaux de référence (R1 ... Rn) mémorisés dans une mémoire morte et qui correspondent à des mouvements types exécutés par des intrus, lequel corrélateur émet un signal qui correspond à la corrélation (C) entre signal actuel (Si) et signal de référence (Ri ... Rn), ainsi qu'un étage d'alarme (A) monté en aval du corrélateur et agencé de telle manière qu'il émet une alarme lorsque, en même temps, la corrélation (C) et l'amplitude du signal (Si) dépassent une valeur prédéterminée.
2. Détecteur IR selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte un premier élément-détecteur (11) avec une première optique (Oi) et un second élément-détecteur (12) avec une seconde optique (O2), les deux optiques (O1, O2) étant agencées de telle façon que leurs champs de surveillance ne se chevauchent que dans le voisinage immédiat du dispositif de signalisation, que le corrélateur (K) est agencé de telle façon qu'il compare en permanence le signal actuel (Si) obtenu du premier élément-détecteur (11) avec des signaux de référence (Ri ... Rn) mémorisés dans la mémoire morte (FS) et avec le signal actuel (S2) qui est obtenu du second élément-détecteur (12).
3. Détecteur IR selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'étage d'alarme (A) est agencé de telle façon qu'il émet un signal de dérangement lorsque la corrélation (C) entre le signal (S1) obtenu du premier élément-détecteur (11) et le second signal (S2) obtenu du second élément-détecteur (12), dépasse une première valeur de seuil prédéterminée, de préférence 0,35.
4. Détecteur IR selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'étage d'alarme (A) est agencé de telle façon qu'il émet un signal d'alarme lorsque la corrélation entre le signal (Si) obtenu du premier élément-détecteur (11) et le signal (S2) obtenu du second élément-détecteur (12) dépasse une seconde valeur de seuil prédéterminée, de préférence 0,7.
5. Détecteur IR selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'étage d'alarme (A) est agencé de telle façon qu'il émet un signal d'alarme lorsque la corrélation (C) entre le signal (Si) obtenu du premier élément-détecteur (11) et au moins un signal de référence (R1 ... Rn) de la mémoire morte (FS), dépasse une valeur de seuil prédéterminée, de préférence la valeur 0,7 et qu'en même temps l'amplitude du signal (Si) dépasse une valeur de seuil prédéterminée, de préférence deux fois la valeur de la moyenne quadratique du bruit.
6. Détecteur IR selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que la mémoire morte (FS) contient, en mémoire, des signaux de référence (Ri ... Rn), qui correspondent à des intrus ayant des vitesses de mouvement différentes.
7. Détecteur IR selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu, en tant qu'élément-détecteur (11, 12) un élément différentiel.
8. Détecteur IR selon l'une des revendications 2 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que l'optique O1 du premier élément-détecteur (11) est agencée de telle façon qu'elle surveille l'espace à contrôler suivant plusieurs zones actives, et que l'optique O2 du second élément-détecteur (12) est agencée de telle façon qu'elle ne reproduit que la fenêtre d'entrée du rayonnement qui lui est associée.
9. Détecteur IR selon la revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'optique O2 du second élément-détecteur est constitué par un diaphragme à trou, en sorte que l'on est assuré que les champs de surveillance des deux éléments-détecteurs (11, 12) ne se chevauchent que dans le voisinage immédiat du dispositif de signalisation.
10. Détecteur IR selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'optique O2 est constitué par des éléments de miroirs.
11. Détecteur IR selon l'une des revendications 9 et 10, caractérisé par le fait que les deux éléments-détecteurs (11, 12) se trouvent sur une même puce.
12. Détecteur IR selon l'une des revendications 2 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que les deux éléments-détecteurs (11, 12) se trouvent dans un même boîtier.
EP83109377A 1982-10-01 1983-09-21 Détecteur infra-rouge pour déterminer un intrus dans une zone Expired EP0107042B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5795/82 1982-10-01
CH579582 1982-10-01

Publications (2)

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EP0107042A1 EP0107042A1 (fr) 1984-05-02
EP0107042B1 true EP0107042B1 (fr) 1987-01-07

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US (1) US4746910A (fr)
EP (1) EP0107042B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5990196A (fr)
CA (1) CA1205158A (fr)
DE (1) DE3369019D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8406766A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO158645C (fr)

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EP0107042A1 (fr) 1984-05-02
ES526552A0 (es) 1984-08-01
ES8406766A1 (es) 1984-08-01
NO833572L (no) 1984-04-02
CA1205158A (fr) 1986-05-27
NO158645C (no) 1988-10-12
JPS5990196A (ja) 1984-05-24
DE3369019D1 (en) 1987-02-12
NO158645B (no) 1988-07-04
US4746910A (en) 1988-05-24

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