EP0106959A2 - Process and device for removing deposits from surfaces of components in a water-cooled nuclear plant - Google Patents

Process and device for removing deposits from surfaces of components in a water-cooled nuclear plant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0106959A2
EP0106959A2 EP83107922A EP83107922A EP0106959A2 EP 0106959 A2 EP0106959 A2 EP 0106959A2 EP 83107922 A EP83107922 A EP 83107922A EP 83107922 A EP83107922 A EP 83107922A EP 0106959 A2 EP0106959 A2 EP 0106959A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
water
ultrasonic
line
filter
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EP83107922A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0106959A3 (en
EP0106959B2 (en
EP0106959B1 (en
Inventor
Rainer Ing.Grad. Scharpenberg
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ABB Reaktor GmbH
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Brown Boveri Reaktor GmbH
ABB Reaktor GmbH
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21FPROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/001Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for removing deposits on the surfaces of the components of a water-cooled nuclear reactor plant, the components being subjected to ultrasonic vibrations using water as the coupling medium.
  • the bubbles collapse at high speed, whereby energy is released in the immediate vicinity of these very small bubbles, which manifests itself as an overpressure of the order of a thousand bar and as a microflow.
  • the interfaces between liquid and solid represent instability points and thus cavitation nuclei. This process is called micro-roughing, since even the smallest foreign particles are removed from the solid surface by purely mechanical forces.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that for cleaning a completely assembled fuel assembly, the same is simultaneously sonicated from opposite sides with ultrasonic transducers of the same power. The forces acting on the fuel element cancel each other out, so that damage is reliably avoided.
  • a device for carrying out the method is characterized in that the fuel assembly is arranged in a closed water-filled container, that ultrasonic transducers are attached to at least two opposite outer sides of the container, that the respective opposite ultrasonic transducers lie on a common central axis and that the container is in a shielding water basin.
  • a special design of the device provides that the container is provided with a bypass line for circulating the water located therein and that a circulating pump and a filter are connected in series in the bypass line.
  • the removed deposit particles are thus filtered out and impairment of the ultrasound intensity is avoided.
  • Another device for carrying out the process provides that the fuel assembly is arranged in a water-filled reef container which is open at the top, that ultrasonic transducers are attached to at least two opposite outer sides of the container and that the container is located in a water basin for shielding purposes.
  • This training is used for fuel elements that only have to be cleaned in their lower area for the purpose of checking the lower ends of the cladding tubes.
  • a line leads away from the open-topped tank, the free end of which opens into the water pool, this line connected in series having a filter and a circulating pump.
  • the ultrasonic vibrators are attached to the container with the interposition of a vibrating plate.
  • a device for checking the degree of purity of the water leaving the container is provided in the bypass line or line assigned to the container in the flow direction, in front of the filter.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device results from the fact that a sipping container present in water-cooled nuclear reactor plants is used to hold the fuel element.
  • a method for selectively using such a device for removing deposits and for carrying out a sipping test is characterized in that the deposits are removed first and then the sipping test is carried out.
  • Fig. 1 shows a portion of a water basin 1, which is used to store spent fuel while maintaining sufficient shielding conditions by the water. As is known, this requires a layer of water that still has a thickness of several meters above the stored fuel elements.
  • a container 3 for receiving a fuel element 4 of water-cooled nuclear reactors.
  • the completely assembled fuel element 4 was already inserted in the reactor core and, after removal of the deposits adhering to the surfaces of its components, should be checked for its reusability in the reactor core. It consists of the foot-5 and the head piece 6, which are dogged together via not shown control pipe and form the skeleton of the fuel assembly.
  • cladding tubes 7 Between the foot and the head piece extends a plurality of approximately four meter long cladding tubes 7, which contain a large number of fuel tablets made of uranium dioxide and are closed at their ends with end plugs, not shown.
  • the fuel tablets and the spacer grids which are equipped with delicate springs, are exposed to harmful loads due to the high-energy frequencies required for cleaning. Due to the simultaneous sonication provided by the method with ultrasound transducers of the same power arranged opposite one another, the forces acting on the components of the fuel assembly are mutually canceled out or at least reduced.
  • each transducer plate carries nine ultrasonic transducers 14 with the same power and the same geometric arrangement.
  • four pairs of oscillating plates 13 lying opposite one another are arranged at the same height, so that the ultrasonic oscillators 14 carried by them lie opposite one another.
  • the container is equipped with three times four such oscillating plates, which, viewed in their vertical extension, are at such a distance from one another that the surfaces of the fuel assembly are optimally cleaned.
  • a holding element 16 equipped with swivel joints 15 carries a hydraulically actuated cylinder 17 and is fastened with its one end 18 to the container 3 and with its other end 19 to a cover 20 for closing the container 3.
  • the control lines 21 of the cylinder 17 are connected to a control unit 22 located outside the water basin 1, so that the cover 20 for loading or unloading the loading can be opened or eaten remotely with a fuel assembly.
  • the ultrasound reverberators are also operated by the control unit, as indicated by the connection line 23. So that the deposit particles already removed due to the action of ultrasound and present in the water arranged inside the container do not interfere with the cleaning process, the container has a bypass line provided with a filter and a circulating pump.
  • the bypass line 26 is connected at one end in the vicinity of the container base 27 and at the other end in the vicinity of the cover 20 to the container 3.
  • the circulation pump 25 circulates the water in the container and required for ultrasonic cleaning, so that particles contained therein are retained in the filter 24.
  • the device described in FIGS. 1 and 1a is particularly advantageous if a sipping container which is usually known in water-cooled reactor plants is used as the container 3.
  • the sipping container also receives a fuel assembly. Due to the effect of the post-decay heat, radioactive fission products escape into the container water from defective cladding tubes. A water test then reveals whether the cladding tubes of the fuel assembly are defective and must be replaced.
  • Such a sipping container would only have to be strengthened with ultrasonic vibrators 14 and the bypass line 26, in order to be used additionally for ultrasonic cleaning to be cash. With such a combined application, it is advantageous to carry out the ultrasonic cleaning first and only then to carry out the sipping test.
  • Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of a device for performing the method according to the invention.
  • the container 3 is made of steel and is open at its top 30. Its side walls 9a, 10a, 11a, 12a are so high that a third of the height of the fuel assembly is immersed in the container.
  • the opening cross section of the container is chosen so large that there is a gap of approximately 50 millimeters between the inside of the container and the cladding tubes arranged on the periphery of the fuel assembly.
  • an oscillating plate 13 is fastened in the same geometrical arrangement, each carrying nine ultrasonic oscillators 14.
  • at least the ultrasound transducers 14 arranged opposite one another lie on a common center axis 31.
  • the ultrasound vibrators arranged approximately at right angles to one another can also assume a different altitude. This increases the total volume of sound and improves cleaning. So that the removed deposit particles do not get into the water basin 1, a line 32 leads away from the container 3 in the vicinity of the container bottom 27 and opens with its free end 23 into the water tank 1. Due to the circulation pump 25 arranged in the line 32, the pool water contained in the container 3 is constantly renewed.
  • the filter 24 installed in line with the circulation pump 25 in the line 32 retains the deposition particles.
  • a device 29 for checking the degree of purity of the water leaving the container is provided in front of the filter 24 when viewed in the flow direction.
  • the ultrasonic vibrators 14 and the circulating pump 25 can be operated remotely via a control device (not shown) arranged outside the water basin.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Abstract

1. Arrangement for cleaning the surfaces of a nuclear reactor fuel assembly (4) which is disposed in a container (3) filled with liquid, the container (3) peripherally carrying several ultrasonic vibrators (14) whose acoustic waves are directed in the direction of the fuel assembly (4), characterized in that the ultrasonic vibrators (14) are attached to at least two exterior sides (9, 12), situated opposite each other, of the water-filled container (3) which is disposed in a water tank (1), in that the ultrasonic vibrators (14), situated opposite each other in each case, are located on a common central axis (31), in that the container (3) is provided with a pipeline (26, 32) for circulating the water situated within the container and in that a circulating pump (25) and a filter (24) are connected in series in the pipeline (26, 32).

Description

.Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen auf den Oberflächen der Bauteile einer wassergekühlten Kernreaktoranlage, wobei die Bauteile unter Verwendung von Wasser als Koppelmedium mit Ultraschallschwingungen beaufschlagt werden.The invention relates to a method for removing deposits on the surfaces of the components of a water-cooled nuclear reactor plant, the components being subjected to ultrasonic vibrations using water as the coupling medium.

Ein derartiges Verfahren ist aus der DE-AS 27 14 245 zu entnehmen. Dort wird gemäß Spalte 2, Zeile 6 - 16 eine Cersatzlösung, die zur Dekontaminierung der Metalloberflächen von Kernreaktor-Kühlkreisläufen Verwendung findet, mit Ultraschallschwingungen beaufschlagt. Über die Reinigung der Brennelemente ist dort nichts erwähnt, da dieselben bei der beschriebenen Dekontaminierung offenbar bereits aus dem Reaktordruckbehälter entfernt sind. Es erfolgt dort auch keine Aussage über die Intensität der Ultraschallschwingungen. Eei der allgemein behannten Wtraschalreinigung von Metallteilen arbeitet man mit Frequenzen oberhalh von 18 KHz. la zum Reinigen die Teile unter Wasser angeordnet sind, hat man es mit Longitudinalwellen zu tun, die zur periodischen Verdichtung der Materie Wasser führen. Aufgrund der großen Energie reißt das Wasser während der Zugphase an Instabilitätsstellen auseinander. In der folgenden Druckphase brechen die Bläschen mit großer Geschwindigkeit in sich zusammen, wobei in der nächsten Umgebung dieser sehr kleinen Bläschen Energie frei wird, die sich als Überdruck der Größenordnung von eintausend bar und als Mikroströmung bemerkbar macht. Die Grenzflächen von Flüssigkeit zu Festkörper stellen Instabilitätsstellen und somit Kavitationskeime dar. Dieser Vorgang wird mit Mikroschruppen bezeichnet, da auch die kleinsten Fremdteilchen von der Festkörperoberfläche durch rein mechanische Kräfte entfernt werden.Such a method can be found in DE-AS 27 14 245. According to column 2, lines 6 - 16, a C substitute solution, which is used to decontaminate the metal surfaces of nuclear reactor cooling circuits, is subjected to ultrasonic vibrations. Nothing is mentioned there about the cleaning of the fuel elements, since they are apparently already removed from the reactor pressure vessel in the decontamination described. There is also no statement about the intensity of the ultrasonic vibrations. In the generally known ultrasonic cleaning of metal parts, frequencies above 18 KHz are used. la for cleaning the parts are arranged under water, one has to deal with longitudinal waves, which lead to the periodic compression of the material water. Due to the large amount of energy, the water tears apart at instability points during the pull phase. In the following pressure phase, the bubbles collapse at high speed, whereby energy is released in the immediate vicinity of these very small bubbles, which manifests itself as an overpressure of the order of a thousand bar and as a microflow. The interfaces between liquid and solid represent instability points and thus cavitation nuclei. This process is called micro-roughing, since even the smallest foreign particles are removed from the solid surface by purely mechanical forces.

Will man die komplett montierten Brennelemente einer wassergekühlten Kernreaktoranlage auf die gleiche Art und Weise wie allgemein in der Industrie anfallende Metallteile mit Ultraschallwellen reinigen, so treten verschiedene Probleme auf. Zur Abschirmung der ggf. bestrahlten Brennelemente ist nämlich eine mehrere Meter dicke Wasserschicht erforderlich, unterhalb derer ein Reinigungsvorgang ablaufen müßte. Außerdem ist die Verunreinigung dieser Wasservorlage durch die beim Reinigungsprozeß freiwerdenden Schmutzpartikel unerwünscht. Wesentliche Probleme entstehen jedoch daraus, daß aufgrund der großen Energien die in den Hüllrohren angeordneten Brennstofftabletten oder andere Bauteile des Brennelements wie z. B. die Abstandshaltegitter beschädigt werden.If you want to use ultrasonic waves to clean the completely assembled fuel assemblies of a water-cooled nuclear reactor system in the same way as generally used metal parts that occur in industry, various problems arise. To shield the possibly irradiated fuel elements, a layer of water several meters thick is required, below which a cleaning process should take place. In addition, the contamination of this water reservoir by the dirt particles released during the cleaning process is undesirable. However, significant problems arise from the fact that, due to the large energies, the fuel tablets arranged in the cladding tubes or other components of the fuel element, such as, for. B. the spacer grids are damaged.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Reimigung der Ükerälächer, von Rreneicmenten wassergekühlter Kernreaktoren anzugeken, bei dem eine nachteilige Eeeinflussung der Bauteile des Frennelementes selbst, sowie der von den Hüllrohren umgebenen Erennstofftabletten vermieden wird.It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a method for cleaning the Ükerälächer, Rreneicmenten of water-cooled nuclear reactors, in which an adverse influence on the components of the firing element itself, as well as on the fuel tablets surrounded by the cladding tubes, is avoided.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch, daß zur Reinigung eines komplett montierten Brennelementes dasselbe gleichzeitig von gegenüberliegenden Seiten aus mit Ultraschallschwingern gleicher Leistung beschallt wird. Die auf das Brennelement einwirkenden Kräfte heben sich dadurch gegenseitig auf, so daß Beschädigungen sicher vermieden werden.This object is achieved according to the invention in that for cleaning a completely assembled fuel assembly, the same is simultaneously sonicated from opposite sides with ultrasonic transducers of the same power. The forces acting on the fuel element cancel each other out, so that damage is reliably avoided.

Eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß das Brennelement in einem geschlossenen wassergefüllten Behälter angeordnet ist, daß Ultraschallschwinger an wenigstens zwei gegenüberliegenden Außenseiten des Behälters befestigt sind, daß die jeweils gegenüberliegenden Ultraschallschwinger auf einer gemeinsamen Mittenach- .se liegen und daß sich der Behälter in einem Abschirmzwecken dienenden Wasserbecken befindet.A device for carrying out the method is characterized in that the fuel assembly is arranged in a closed water-filled container, that ultrasonic transducers are attached to at least two opposite outer sides of the container, that the respective opposite ultrasonic transducers lie on a common central axis and that the container is in a shielding water basin.

Mit einer solchen Einrichtung wird eine schonende Entfernung von Ablagerungen bei Wahrung einer ausreichenden Abschirmung erzielt.With such a device, gentle removal of deposits while maintaining adequate shielding is achieved.

Eine besondere Ausbildung der Einrichtung sieht vor, daß der Behälter mit einer Bypaßleitung zur Umwälzung des innerhalb desselben befindlichen Wassers versehen ist und daß in der Bypaßleitung eine Umwälzpumpe und ein Filter in Reihe geschaltet ist.A special design of the device provides that the container is provided with a bypass line for circulating the water located therein and that a circulating pump and a filter are connected in series in the bypass line.

Damit werden die entfernten Ablagerungspartikel ausgefiltert und eine Beeinträchtigung der Ultraschallintensität vermieden.The removed deposit particles are thus filtered out and impairment of the ultrasound intensity is avoided.

Eine andere Einrichtung zur Durchiührung des Verfachrens aieht vor, daß das Brennelement in einem an seiner Oberseite offenen, wassergefüllten Rehälter angeordnet ist, daß Ultraschallschwinger an wenigstens zwei gegenüberliegenden Außenseiten des Behälters befestigt sind und daß sich der Behälter in einem Abschirmzwecken dienenden Wasserbecken befindet.Another device for carrying out the process provides that the fuel assembly is arranged in a water-filled reef container which is open at the top, that ultrasonic transducers are attached to at least two opposite outer sides of the container and that the container is located in a water basin for shielding purposes.

Diese Ausbildung findet bei Brennelementen Anwendung, die zum Zwecke einer Prüfung der unteren Enden der Hüllrohre nur in ihrem unteren Bereich gereinigt werden müssen.This training is used for fuel elements that only have to be cleaned in their lower area for the purpose of checking the lower ends of the cladding tubes.

Zur Vermeidung einer Verschmutzung des Beckenwassers führt von dem oben offenen Behälter eine Leitung weg, deren freies Ende in das Wasserbecken mündet, wobei diese Leitung in Reihe geschaltet einen Filter und eine Umwälzpumpe aufweist.To avoid contamination of the pool water, a line leads away from the open-topped tank, the free end of which opens into the water pool, this line connected in series having a filter and a circulating pump.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung sind die Ultraschallschwinger unter Zwischenschaltung einer Schwingerplatte an dem Behälter befestigt.According to an advantageous embodiment, the ultrasonic vibrators are attached to the container with the interposition of a vibrating plate.

Nach einer weiteren Ausführung ist in der dem Behälter zugeordneten Bypaßleitung bzw. Leitung in Durchflußrichtung gesehen vor dem Filter eine Vorrichtung zur Überprüfung des Reinheitsgrades des den Behälter verlassenden Wassers vorgesehen.According to a further embodiment, a device for checking the degree of purity of the water leaving the container is provided in the bypass line or line assigned to the container in the flow direction, in front of the filter.

Sobald ein vorgebbarer Reinheitsgrad des Wassers erreicht ist, wird der Beschallungsvorgang beendet.As soon as a predefined level of purity of the water has been reached, the sonication process is ended.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausbildung der Einrichtung ergibt sich dadurch, daß zur Aufnahme des Brennelementes ein in wassergekühlten Kernreaktoranlagen vorhandener Sippingbehälter verwendet wird.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the device results from the fact that a sipping container present in water-cooled nuclear reactor plants is used to hold the fuel element.

Ein Verfahren zum wahlweisen Verwenden einer derartigen Einrichtung zun Dntfernon von Ablagerungen und zum Durchführen eines Sippingtestes zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß zuerst das Entfernen der Ablagerungen erfolgt und dann der Sippingtest durchgeführt wird.A method for selectively using such a device for removing deposits and for carrying out a sipping test is characterized in that the deposits are removed first and then the sipping test is carried out.

Damit wird sichergestellt, daß eventuell in den Ablagerungen enthaltene Aktivitäten, die aus anderen defekten Brennelementen des ursprünglichen Kernverbandes stammen, nicht zu Fehlschlüssen bei dem Sippingtest führen.This ensures that any activities contained in the deposits that originate from other defective fuel elements of the original core group do not lead to incorrect conclusions in the sipping test.

Anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und der schematischen Zeichnungen der Fig. 1, 1a und 2 wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die Einrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens beschrieben.The method according to the invention and the devices for carrying out the method are described on the basis of exemplary embodiments and the schematic drawings of FIGS. 1, 1a and 2.

Dabei zeigen die

  • Fig. 1 ein in einem geschlossenen Behälter angeordnetes Brennelement, die
  • Fig. 1a einen Schnitt entlang der Linie a-a der Fig. 1 und die
  • Fig. 2 ein in einem offenen Behälter angeordnetes Brennelement.
The show
  • Fig. 1 is a fuel assembly arranged in a closed container, the
  • Fig. 1a shows a section along the line aa of Fig. 1 and
  • Fig. 2 is a fuel assembly arranged in an open container.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt einen Teilbereich eines Wasserbeckens 1, das zur Aufbewahrung von abgebrannten Brennelementen unter Wahrung ausreichender Abschirmbedingungen durch das Wasser dient. Bekanntlich ist hierzu eine Wasserschicht erforderlich, die oberhalb der eingelagerten Brennelemente noch eine Dicke von mehreren Metern aufweist. Am Boden 2 des Waserbeckens ist ein Behälter 3 zur Aufnahme eines Brennelementes 4 wassergekühlter Kernreaktoren angeordnet. Das komplett montierte Brennelement 4 war bereits im Reaktorkern eingesetzt und soll nach erfolgter Entfernung der auf den Oberflächen seiner Bauteile haftenden Ablagerungen auf seine Wiederverwendbarkeit im Reaktorkern überprüft werden. Es besteht aus dem Fuß-5 und dem Kopfstück 6, die über nicht dargestellte Steueretabführungsrohre miteinander erhunden sind und das Gerippe des Brennelementes bilden. Zwischen dem Fuß- und dem Kopfstück erstreckt sich eine Vielzahl von ca. vier Meter langen Hüllrohren 7, die eine große Anzahl von Brennstofftabletten aus Urandioxid enthalten und an ihren Enden mit nicht dargestellten Endstopfen verschlossen sind. Mehrere über die Länge der Hüllrohre verteilte Abstandshaltegitter 8 halten die Hüllrohre in ihrer Position. Insbesondere die Brennstofftabletten und die mit feingliedrigen Federungen ausgestatteten Abstandshaltegitter sind durch die zur Reinigung erforderlichen energiereichen Frequenzen einer schädlichen Belastung ausgesetzt. Durch die nach dem Verfahren vorgesehene gleichzeitige Beschallung mit gegenüber angeordneten Ultraschallschwingern gleicher Leistung, werden die auf die Bauteile des Brennelementes einwirkenden Kräfte gegenseitig aufgehoben bzw. zumindest reduziert. Zur Durchführung des Verfahrens sind, wie auch aus der Fig. 1a zu ersehen ist, an den vier Seitenwänden 9, 10, 11 und 12 des aus Stahl bestehenden geschlossenen Behälters 3 Schwingerplatten 13 befestigt. Jede Schwingerplatte trägt neun Ultraschallschwinger 14 gleicher Leistung und gleicher geometrischer Anordnung. Jeweils vier paarweise gegenüberliegende Schwingerplatten 13 sind auf gleicher Höhe angeordnet, so daß sich die von ihnen getragenen Ultraschallschwinger 14 gegenüberliegen. Der Behälter ist mit drei mal vier solcher Schwingerplatten ausgerüstet, die in ihrer senkrechten Erstreckung betrachtet einen solchen Abstand zueinander haben, daß eine optimale Reinigung der Oberflächen des Brennelementes erfolgt. Ein mit Drehgelenken 15 ausgestattetes Halteelement 16 trägt einen hydraulisch betätigten Zylinder 17 und ist mit seinem einen Ende 18 am Behälter 3 und mit seinem anderen Ende 19 an einem Deckel 20 zum Verschließen des Behälters 3 befestigt. Die Steuerleitungen 21 des Zylinders 17 sind mit einer außerhalb des Wasserbeckens 1 befindlichen Steuereinheit 22 verbunden, so daß der Deckel 20 zur Be- bzw. Entladung des Behälters mit einem Brennelement ferngesteurert geöffnet oder ge- sehlessen werden kann. Auch die Ultrascehallschwinger werden, wie mit der Verhindungsleitung 23 angedeutet, von der Steuereinheit bedient. Damit die aufgrund der Ultraschalleinwirkung bereits entfernten und in den innerhalb des Behälters angeordneten Wasser vorhandenen Ablagerungspartikel den Reinigungsprozeß nicht stören, weist der Behälter eine mit einem Filter und einer Umwälzpumpe versehene Bypaßleitung auf. Die Bypaßleitung 26 ist mit ihrem einen Ende in der Nähe des Behälterbodens 27 und mit ihrem anderen Ende in der Nähe des Deckels 20 mit dem Behälter 3 verbunden. Die Umwälzpumpe 25 bewirkt einen Umlauf des im Behälter befindlichen und zur Ultraschallreinigung erforderlichen Wassers, so daß darin enthaltene Partikel im Filter 24 zurückgehalten werden. Eine über die Kabelverbindung 28 mit der Steuereinheit 22 verbundene und in Durchflußrichtung gesehen vor dem Filter in die Bypaßleitung eingebaute Vorrichtung 29 dient zur Überwachung des Reinheitsgrades des im Behälter 3 angeordneten Wassers. Das Erreichen eines vorgebbaren Reinheitsgrades ist ein Indiz dafür, wie weit die Ablagerungen von den Oberflächen des Brennelementes entfernt sind. Ist das den Anforderungen entsprechende Ergebnis erreicht, wird die Beschallung beendet und das gereinigte Brennelement entnommen.Fig. 1 shows a portion of a water basin 1, which is used to store spent fuel while maintaining sufficient shielding conditions by the water. As is known, this requires a layer of water that still has a thickness of several meters above the stored fuel elements. At the bottom 2 of the wash basin there is a container 3 for receiving a fuel element 4 of water-cooled nuclear reactors. The completely assembled fuel element 4 was already inserted in the reactor core and, after removal of the deposits adhering to the surfaces of its components, should be checked for its reusability in the reactor core. It consists of the foot-5 and the head piece 6, which are dogged together via not shown control pipe and form the skeleton of the fuel assembly. Between the foot and the head piece extends a plurality of approximately four meter long cladding tubes 7, which contain a large number of fuel tablets made of uranium dioxide and are closed at their ends with end plugs, not shown. A plurality of spacer grids 8 distributed over the length of the cladding tubes hold the cladding tubes in their position. In particular, the fuel tablets and the spacer grids, which are equipped with delicate springs, are exposed to harmful loads due to the high-energy frequencies required for cleaning. Due to the simultaneous sonication provided by the method with ultrasound transducers of the same power arranged opposite one another, the forces acting on the components of the fuel assembly are mutually canceled out or at least reduced. For the implementation of the method, as can also be seen from FIG. 1a, 3 oscillating plates 13 are attached to the four side walls 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the closed container made of steel. Each transducer plate carries nine ultrasonic transducers 14 with the same power and the same geometric arrangement. In each case four pairs of oscillating plates 13 lying opposite one another are arranged at the same height, so that the ultrasonic oscillators 14 carried by them lie opposite one another. The container is equipped with three times four such oscillating plates, which, viewed in their vertical extension, are at such a distance from one another that the surfaces of the fuel assembly are optimally cleaned. A holding element 16 equipped with swivel joints 15 carries a hydraulically actuated cylinder 17 and is fastened with its one end 18 to the container 3 and with its other end 19 to a cover 20 for closing the container 3. The control lines 21 of the cylinder 17 are connected to a control unit 22 located outside the water basin 1, so that the cover 20 for loading or unloading the loading can be opened or eaten remotely with a fuel assembly. The ultrasound reverberators are also operated by the control unit, as indicated by the connection line 23. So that the deposit particles already removed due to the action of ultrasound and present in the water arranged inside the container do not interfere with the cleaning process, the container has a bypass line provided with a filter and a circulating pump. The bypass line 26 is connected at one end in the vicinity of the container base 27 and at the other end in the vicinity of the cover 20 to the container 3. The circulation pump 25 circulates the water in the container and required for ultrasonic cleaning, so that particles contained therein are retained in the filter 24. A device 29, which is connected to the control unit 22 via the cable connection 28 and installed in the bypass line in the flow direction, is used to monitor the degree of purity of the water arranged in the container 3. Reaching a predeterminable degree of purity is an indication of how far away the deposits are from the surfaces of the fuel assembly. Once the result that meets the requirements is reached, the sonication is ended and the cleaned fuel assembly is removed.

Die in den Fig. 1 und 1a beschriebene Vorrichtung ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn als Behälter 3 ein in wassergekühlten Reaktoranlagen üblicherweise bekannter Sippingbehälter verwendet wird. Der Sippingbehälter nimmt ebenfalls ein Brennelement auf. Durch die Wirkung der Nachzerfallswärme treten aus defekten Hüllrohren radioaktive Spaltprodukte in das Behälterwasser aus. Eine Wasserprobe ergibt dann Aufschluß darüber, ob Hüllrohre des Brennelementes defekt sind und ausgetauscht werden müssen. Ein solcher Sippingbehälter wäre nur mit Ultraschallschwingern 14 und der Bypaßleitung 26 zu ertüchtigen, um zusätzlich für die Ultraschallreinigung verwendbar zu sein. Bei einer solchen kombinierten Anwendung ist es von Vorteil, zuerst die Ültraschallreinigung vorzunehmen und dann erst den Sippingtest durchzuführen. Diese Vorgehensweise ist folgerichtig, da in den an den Oberflächen des gerade im Sippingbehälter befindlichen Brennelements anhaftende Ablagerungen aktivitätsführende Stoffe enthalten sein können, die aus anderen beschädigten Brennelementen des Kernverbandes stammen. Ein Brennelement könnte als defekt bezeichnet werden obwohl es gar keine defekten Hüllrohre enthält. Werden die Ablagerungen jedoch vor dem Sippingtest entfernt und im Filter festgehalten, so werden falsche Aussagen des Sippingtestes vermieden.The device described in FIGS. 1 and 1a is particularly advantageous if a sipping container which is usually known in water-cooled reactor plants is used as the container 3. The sipping container also receives a fuel assembly. Due to the effect of the post-decay heat, radioactive fission products escape into the container water from defective cladding tubes. A water test then reveals whether the cladding tubes of the fuel assembly are defective and must be replaced. Such a sipping container would only have to be strengthened with ultrasonic vibrators 14 and the bypass line 26, in order to be used additionally for ultrasonic cleaning to be cash. With such a combined application, it is advantageous to carry out the ultrasonic cleaning first and only then to carry out the sipping test. This procedure is logical, since the deposits adhering to the surfaces of the fuel element currently in the sipping container can contain activity-carrying substances that come from other damaged fuel elements of the core assembly. A fuel element could be described as defective even though it does not contain any defective cladding tubes. However, if the deposits are removed before the sipping test and held in the filter, false statements from the sipping test are avoided.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine andere Ausbildung einer Einrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Damit sollen die Oberflächen eines Brennelementes nur im unteren Drittel ihrer Höhenerstreckung von Ablagerungen befreit werden, um eine in diesem Bereich erforderliche Prüfung nach defekten Hüllrohren zu ermöglichen. Der Behälter 3 besteht aus Stahl und ist an seiner Oberseite 30 offen. Seine Seitenwände 9a, 10a, 11a, 12 a sind so hoch, daß ein Drittel der Höhenerstreckung des Brennelements in den Behälter eingetaucht ist. Der Öffnungsquerschnitt des Behälters ist so groß gewählt, daß zwischen den Innenseiten des Behälters und den an der Peripherie des Brennelements angeordneten Hüllrohren jeweils ein Spalt von ca. 50 Millimeter besteht. An jeder Seitenwand 9a, 10a, 11a, 12a des quaderförmigen Behälters 3 ist in zueinander gleicher geometrischer Anordnung eine Schwingerplatte 13 befestigt, die jeweils neun Ultraschallschwinger 14 trägt. Dabei liegen zumindest die gegenüberliegend angeordneten Ultraschallschwinger 14 auf einer gemeinsamen Mittenachse 31. Dagegen können die etwa in einem rechten Winkel zueinander angeordneten Ultraschallschwinger auch eine unterschiedliche Höhenlage einnehmen. Dadurch wird insgesamt das beschallte Volumen vergrößert und die Reinigung verbessert. Damit die entfernten Ablagerungspartikel nicht in das Wasserbecken 1 gelangen, führt in der Nahe des Enhälterbodens 27 eine Leitung 32 von Behälter 3 weg, die mit ihrem freien Ende 23 in das Wasserbeeken 1 mündet. Durch die in der Leitung 32 angeordnete Umwälzpumpe 25 findet eine ständige Erneuerung des im Behälter 3 enthaltenen Beckenwassers statt. Der in Reihe zur Umwälzpumpe 25 in der Leitung 32 eingebaute Filter 24 hält die Ablagerungspartikel zurück. Ebenso wie bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 1 ist in Durchflußrichtung gesehen vor dem Filter 24 eine Vorrichtung 29 zur Überprüfung des Reinheitsgrades des den Behälter verlassenden Wassers vorgesehen. Über eine nicht dargestellte, außerhalb des Wasserbeckens angeordnete Steuereinrichtung lassen sich die Ultraschallschwinger 14 als auch die Umwälzpumpe 25 fernbedient betätigen.Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of a device for performing the method according to the invention. In this way, the surfaces of a fuel assembly should only be cleared of deposits in the lower third of their vertical extent in order to enable a check for defective cladding tubes in this area. The container 3 is made of steel and is open at its top 30. Its side walls 9a, 10a, 11a, 12a are so high that a third of the height of the fuel assembly is immersed in the container. The opening cross section of the container is chosen so large that there is a gap of approximately 50 millimeters between the inside of the container and the cladding tubes arranged on the periphery of the fuel assembly. On each side wall 9a, 10a, 11a, 12a of the parallelepiped-shaped container 3, an oscillating plate 13 is fastened in the same geometrical arrangement, each carrying nine ultrasonic oscillators 14. In this case, at least the ultrasound transducers 14 arranged opposite one another lie on a common center axis 31. In contrast, the ultrasound vibrators arranged approximately at right angles to one another can also assume a different altitude. This increases the total volume of sound and improves cleaning. So that the removed deposit particles do not get into the water basin 1, a line 32 leads away from the container 3 in the vicinity of the container bottom 27 and opens with its free end 23 into the water tank 1. Due to the circulation pump 25 arranged in the line 32, the pool water contained in the container 3 is constantly renewed. The filter 24 installed in line with the circulation pump 25 in the line 32 retains the deposition particles. As in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, a device 29 for checking the degree of purity of the water leaving the container is provided in front of the filter 24 when viewed in the flow direction. The ultrasonic vibrators 14 and the circulating pump 25 can be operated remotely via a control device (not shown) arranged outside the water basin.

Claims (9)

1. Verfahren zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen auf den Oberflächen der Bauteile einer wassergekühlten Kernreaktoranlage, wobei die Bauteile unter Verwendung von Wasser als Koppelmedium mit Ultraschallschwingungen beaufschlagt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Reinigung eines komplett montierten Brennelementes (4) dasselbe gleichzeitig von gegenüberliegenden Seiten aus mit Ultraschallschwingern (14) gleicher Leistung beschallt wird.1. A method for removing deposits on the surfaces of the components of a water-cooled nuclear reactor plant, the components being subjected to ultrasonic vibrations using water as the coupling medium, characterized in that for cleaning a completely assembled fuel element (4) the same from opposite sides with Ultrasonic vibrators (14) of the same power is sonicated. 2. Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Brennelement (4) in einem geschlossenen, wassergefüllten Behälter angeordnet ist, daß Ultraschallschwinger (14) an wenigstens zwei gegenüberliegenden Außenseiten (9, 12) des Behälters (3) befestigt sind, daß die jeweils gegenüberliegenden Ultraschallschwinger (14) auf einer gemeinsamen Mittenachse (31) liegen und daß sich der Behälter in einem Abschirmzwecken dienenden Wasserbecken (1) befindet.2. Device for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel element (4) is arranged in a closed, water-filled container, that ultrasonic vibrator (14) attached to at least two opposite outer sides (9, 12) of the container (3) are that the ultrasonic transducers (14) located opposite each other lie on a common central axis (31) and that the container is located in a water basin (1) for shielding purposes. 3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Behälter (3) mit einer Bypaßleitung (26) zur Umwälzung des innerhalb desselben befindlichen Wassers versehen ist und daß in der Bypaßleitung eine Umwälzpumpe (25) und ein Filter (24) in Reihe geschaltet sind.3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the container (3) is provided with a bypass line (26) for circulating the water located therein and that in the bypass line a circulation pump (25) and a filter (24) connected in series are. 4. Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Brennelement (4) in einem an seiner Oberseite (30) offenen, wassergefüllten Behälter (3) angeordnet ist, daß Ultraschallschwinger (14) an wenigstens zwei gegenüberliegenden Außenseiten (9a, 10a) des Behälters befestigt sind und daß sich der Behälter in einem Abschirmzwecken dienenden Wasserbecken (1) befindet.4. Device for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel element (4) in an on its top (30) open, water-filled container (3) is arranged, that ultrasonic vibrator (14) on at least two opposite outer sides (9a , 10a) of the container and that the container is in a shielding water basin (1). 5. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß von dem Behülter (3) eine Leitung (32) wegführt, deren freies Ende (33) in des Wasserbecken (1) mündet und dae die Leitung in Reihe geschaltet ein Filter (24) und eine Umwälzpumpe (25) aufweist.5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that from the container (3) leads a line (32) away, the free end (33) of the water basin (1) opens and dae the line connected in series a filter (24) and has a circulation pump (25). 6. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ultraschallschwinger (14) unter Zwischenschaltung einer Schwingerplatte (13) an dem Behälter (3) befestigt sind.6. Device according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the ultrasonic vibrators (14) with the interposition of a vibrating plate (13) are attached to the container (3). 7. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Bypaßleitung (26) bzw. in der Leitung (32) in, Durchflußrichtung gesehen vor dem Filter (24) eine Vorrichtung (29) zur Überprüfung des Reinheitsgrades des den Behälter (3) verlassenden Wassers vorgesehen ist.7. Device according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that in the bypass line (26) or in the line (32) seen in the flow direction in front of the filter (24) a device (29) for checking the purity of the container ( 3) leaving water is provided. 8. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2-7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Behälter (3) zur Aufnahme des Brennelementes (4) ein in wassergekühlten Kernreaktoranlageh vorhandener Sippingbehälter verwendet wird.8. Device according to one of claims 2-7, characterized in that an existing in water-cooled nuclear reactor plant sipping container is used as a container (3) for receiving the fuel element (4). 9. Verfahren zur wahlweisen Verwendung einer Einrichtung nach Anspruch 8 zum Durchführen eines Sippingtestes und zum Entfernen von Ablagerungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zuerst das Entfernen der Ablagerungen erfolgt und dann der Sippingtest durchgeführt wird.9. A method for optional use of a device according to claim 8 for carrying out a sipping test and for removing deposits, characterized in that the deposits are removed first and then the sipping test is carried out.
EP83107922A 1982-10-21 1983-08-11 Process and device for removing deposits from surfaces of components in a water-cooled nuclear plant Expired - Lifetime EP0106959B2 (en)

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DE3238886 1982-10-21
DE19823238886 DE3238886A1 (en) 1982-10-21 1982-10-21 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REMOVING DEPOSITS ON THE SURFACES OF THE COMPONENTS OF A WATER-COOLED CORE REACTOR SYSTEM

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EP0106959A2 true EP0106959A2 (en) 1984-05-02
EP0106959A3 EP0106959A3 (en) 1984-06-13
EP0106959B1 EP0106959B1 (en) 1987-04-22
EP0106959B2 EP0106959B2 (en) 1992-04-15

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ES (1) ES525367A0 (en)

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FR2586322A1 (en) * 1985-08-14 1987-02-20 Framatome Sa Process for cleaning and decontaminating vessels using ultrasonics and corresponding device
FR2590716A1 (en) * 1985-11-26 1987-05-29 Electricite De France Process for the decontamination of nuclear reactor walls, in particular walls of the primary circuit of nuclear reactors containing a pressurised water circuit
EP0373936A1 (en) * 1988-12-15 1990-06-20 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Pressure pulse method and system for removing debris from nuclear fuel assemblies
EP0418722A1 (en) * 1989-09-21 1991-03-27 Ente Nazionale Per L'energia Elettrica - (Enel) Total decontamination process for radioactive metal material
US5092355A (en) * 1988-12-15 1992-03-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Pressure pulse method for removing debris from nuclear fuel assemblies

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4012467A1 (en) * 1990-04-19 1991-10-24 D T I Dr Trippe Ingenieurgesel Ultrasonic surface cleaning tool - for cleaning water tanks in nuclear power stations, has cup into which fluid is fed to flow between ultrasonic generator tip and surface
DE4129362A1 (en) * 1991-09-04 1992-05-14 Ulrich Nestler Autonomous fuel element washing device - for foreign body and deposit removal from PWR or BWR fuel element
DE19603902C2 (en) * 1996-02-03 1999-06-17 Tzn Forschung & Entwicklung Process and arrangement for removing residues, in particular for decontamination in nuclear plants
CN107303573B (en) * 2016-04-21 2020-04-14 国投生物科技投资有限公司 Cleaning device of photobioreactor

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FR2586322A1 (en) * 1985-08-14 1987-02-20 Framatome Sa Process for cleaning and decontaminating vessels using ultrasonics and corresponding device
FR2590716A1 (en) * 1985-11-26 1987-05-29 Electricite De France Process for the decontamination of nuclear reactor walls, in particular walls of the primary circuit of nuclear reactors containing a pressurised water circuit
EP0373936A1 (en) * 1988-12-15 1990-06-20 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Pressure pulse method and system for removing debris from nuclear fuel assemblies
US5002079A (en) * 1988-12-15 1991-03-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Pressure pulse method and system for removing debris from nuclear fuel assemblies
US5092355A (en) * 1988-12-15 1992-03-03 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Pressure pulse method for removing debris from nuclear fuel assemblies
EP0418722A1 (en) * 1989-09-21 1991-03-27 Ente Nazionale Per L'energia Elettrica - (Enel) Total decontamination process for radioactive metal material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0106959A3 (en) 1984-06-13
DE3371138D1 (en) 1987-05-27
DE3238886C2 (en) 1991-01-03
EP0106959B2 (en) 1992-04-15
DE3238886A1 (en) 1984-04-26
ES8505137A1 (en) 1985-05-01
EP0106959B1 (en) 1987-04-22
ES525367A0 (en) 1985-05-01

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