EP0106755A1 - Process and device for producing a number of hydrodynamic functions in a current composed of at least two phases - Google Patents

Process and device for producing a number of hydrodynamic functions in a current composed of at least two phases Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0106755A1
EP0106755A1 EP83401946A EP83401946A EP0106755A1 EP 0106755 A1 EP0106755 A1 EP 0106755A1 EP 83401946 A EP83401946 A EP 83401946A EP 83401946 A EP83401946 A EP 83401946A EP 0106755 A1 EP0106755 A1 EP 0106755A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
ejector
fluids
liquid
control member
Prior art date
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Application number
EP83401946A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0106755B1 (en
Inventor
Marcel Arnaudeau
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3121—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3124—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow
    • B01F25/31242—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow the main flow being injected in the central area of the venturi, creating an aspiration in the circumferential part of the conduit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3141—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
    • B01F25/31425—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction with a plurality of perforations in the axial and circumferential direction covering the whole surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/834—Mixing in several steps, e.g. successive steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/715—Feeding the components in several steps, e.g. successive steps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0324—With control of flow by a condition or characteristic of a fluid
    • Y10T137/0368—By speed of fluid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0324—With control of flow by a condition or characteristic of a fluid
    • Y10T137/0379—By fluid pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2931—Diverse fluid containing pressure systems
    • Y10T137/3003—Fluid separating traps or vents
    • Y10T137/3009—Plural discriminating outlets for diverse fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87571—Multiple inlet with single outlet
    • Y10T137/87587—Combining by aspiration
    • Y10T137/87619—With selectively operated flow control means in inlet
    • Y10T137/87627—Flow control means is located in aspirated fluid inlet
    • Y10T137/87635—Single actuator operates flow control means located in both motivating fluid and aspirated fluid inlets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87571—Multiple inlet with single outlet
    • Y10T137/87587—Combining by aspiration
    • Y10T137/87643—With condition responsive valve

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method and a device making it possible to provide a set of hydrodynamic functions in a flow composed of at least two phases, such as those of regulator, separator, stabilizer, integrated flow meter or exchanger.
  • upstream and downstream will be implicitly relative to the device according to the invention by considering the direction of flow.
  • upstream flow will designate the flow going towards the device considered
  • downstream flow will designate the flow moving away therefrom.
  • the flow structure can be such that it can no longer be compressed in certain pump models, for example in the case of a two-phase liquid gas flow when the size of the gas bubbles becomes large enough to prime the pump.
  • the present invention notably proposes a device making it possible to stabilize the upstream flow, to regulate the downstream flow, to generate a flow with a multiphase structure defined hydrodynamically and to measure the flow rates of the different phases making up the flow considered .
  • the device according to the invention which consumes a small amount of energy, can be constructed by integrating the various organs which compose it, in a compact assembly of small volume.
  • This recombination of the fluids can be carried out by the passage of at least one of said flows through at least one orifice of adjustable section.
  • the passage section of this orifice is possibly adjusted as a function of at least one of the quantities constituted by the flow rate, the pressure, the temperature of one of the fluids and the level of the liquid in the tranquilizer.
  • the passage section of this orifice can be adjusted according to pre-established criteria such as minimizing the loss of energy from the flow.
  • the present invention also relates to a device making it possible to perform a set of hydrodynamic functions on a flow composed of at least two phases.
  • the device according to the invention comprises in particular at least one phase separator connected by pipes to a tranquilizer, itself connected to a liquid gas ejector, via other pipes, at least one of which includes a flow meter.
  • the ejector can be adjustable.
  • An adjustable flow can be interposed on at least one of the pipes connecting the tranquilizer to the ejector.
  • the ejector optionally comprises two converging-divergent members having sections of passages adjustable independently of one another.
  • An automatic control unit can regulate the operation of the ejector.
  • This member will advantageously be equipped with means transmitting at least one signal representing information, such as the flow rate of one of the fluids, the pressure or the temperature relating to one of the organs of the device according to the invention, or the level of the liquid. in the tranquilizer.
  • the automatic control unit will optionally include a motorization system and a programming system controlling the different passage sections of the ejector according to predetermined criteria.
  • the stabilizer may advantageously be equipped with an exchanger.
  • the stabilizer will optionally include an assembly allowing the purging of liquid or solid particles, this assembly being connected to a combustion opening in an annex evacuation device or in the ambient environment, through a control member and to a pipe opening to the exit of the ejector through another control member.
  • these two control bodies may be replaced by a three-way control body.
  • the reference 1 designates the inlet pipe of the two-phase effluent.
  • the separator 2 has a capacity 3 in which is fixed a tube 4 extending the pipe 1 for the arrival of the two-phase mixture.
  • the tube 4 is pierced with orifices 5 of any shape.
  • these orifices may be circular and have a diameter of between 4 and 6 millimeters for a tube 50 to 100 millimeters in diameter and for a pipe of 0.5 to 2 meters in length.
  • At least two lines 6 and 7, one high 6, the other low 7, connect the separator 2 to a tranquilizer 8.
  • at least two lines 9 and 10 connect the tranquilizer to the ejector 11.
  • the tranquilizer 8 is optionally equipped with means for pressure measurements 12 and for the liquid level 13.
  • the ejector 11 comprises two moving parts respectively referenced 18 and 19 in FIG. 2.
  • the part 19 is placed inside the part 18 which is hollow.
  • the outer surface of one of the ends of the part 18 defines with the body of the ejector 20 a first constriction 21.
  • the part 19 defines with the inner surface of the end of the part 18 a second constriction 22.
  • the part 18 forms a hollow needle which cooperates with the body 20 of the ejector and the part 19 forms a needle which cooperates with the interior of the part 18.
  • the central part of the part 18 which preferably has a cylindrical shape, is pierced over a certain length of orifices 23 optionally, so that whatever the position of the part 18 relative to the body 20 of the ejector during the operation of the ejector, there is a minimum passage section for the fluid arriving through the pipe 10 and pointing towards the hollow part of part 18.
  • the relative position of the part 18 relative to the body 20 of the ejector, and that of the part 19 relative to the part 18, are optionally controlled from the automatic control system 35.
  • the latter can include a motorization system 24 controlled from the programming system 25.
  • the programming system 25 receives the measurements and the instructions necessary for controlling the regulation system.
  • the number and nature of these measures and these instructions are, among other things, a function of the conditions of use of the device according to the invention. In fact, it is conceivable when using the device according to the invention on a transfer line, that the information necessary for controlling the ejector will depend on the various devices that this line comprises, and on the fineness of the regulation desired .
  • the programming system 25 receives the signals from sensors measuring the pressure in the stiller. (sensor 12), the level in the stiller (sensor 13), and the pressure at the outlet 28 of the ejector (sensor 26).
  • Reference 27 designates one or more lines for transferring information and external instructions.
  • the external information supplied to the programming system 25 may relate for example to the operating conditions of machines placed downstream and upstream of the device considered, or the nature of the compounds of the two-phase flow.
  • the external instructions which the programming system receives and which fix these working conditions will be for example the structure of the flow which one wishes to obtain at the outlet of the ejector, the pressure which one wishes to have at the outlet 28 of the ejector, the flows to be transferred, etc ...
  • the system can transmit information concerning it to the outside, such as the flow rates measured by the flow meters 14 and 15, pressures, temperatures, the position and operating conditions of the ejector.
  • the separator 2 is provided with an assembly allowing the purging of liquid or solid particles.
  • This assembly includes a low point 29 arranged in the separator, a pipe 30 connecting this low point through a flow control member 31 (for example a valve) and a pipe 32 connecting this low point through a control member 33 to a evacuation device and simply to the outside environment.
  • an exchanger 34 placed in the separator will act on the temperature of the two-phase mixture.
  • the two-phase mixture arrives via the pipe 1, enters the stabilizer through the tube 4 where the separation of the liquid phase and the gaseous phase takes place, any deposits are collected at the low point 29 of the stabilizer.
  • the temperature of the liquid is possibly modified by the use of the exchanger 34.
  • the gas is transferred through port 6 into the tranquilizer, as does the liquid through port 7.
  • the two phases are tranquilized and it is possible to measure their pressure and the level of the liquid.
  • the gas phase is transferred through line 9 to the ejector.
  • This line 9 includes a flow meter (gas) which provides a signal representative of the flow to the programming system 25.
  • the liquid phase is transferred through line 10 to the ejector.
  • This pipe includes a liquid flow meter 14 whose signal is. transmitted to the programming system 25.
  • the two lines 9 and 10 are provided with adjustable nozzles 15 and 16 respectively, making it possible to possibly create a slight pressure drop to cover with a flow meter or a device according to the invention a wide range of flow rates.
  • the programming system 25 controls the motorization system 24, which controls the position of the moving parts of the ejector in order to generate a two-phase flow of determined structure, that -this ensuring stable and optimal operation of the two-phase equipment placed on the transfer line upstream and downstream of the device according to the invention.
  • the programming system 25 could be a programmed microprocessor system.
  • the motorization system 24 may be of any known type, electric, pneumatic, etc.
  • the device according to the invention can also treat this kind of fluids.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant d'assurer un ensemble de fonctions hydrodynamiques dans un écoulement polyphasique. Ce procédé est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes: la séparation des fluides composant l'écoulement initial, la tranquillisation des écoulements de chacun desdits fluides, la recombinaison desdits fluides pour former un nouvel écoulement ayant une structure prédéterminée. L'invention peut être utilisée dans une chaine d'équipement de transfert de fluide polyphasique, comprenant un séparateur de phase (2), un tranquillisateur (8) et un éjecteur (11) liquide-gaz.The present invention relates to a method and a device for ensuring a set of hydrodynamic functions in a multiphase flow. This method is characterized in that it comprises the following stages: the separation of the fluids composing the initial flow, the tranquilization of the flows of each of said fluids, the recombination of said fluids to form a new flow having a predetermined structure. The invention can be used in a chain of multiphase fluid transfer equipment, comprising a phase separator (2), a tranquilizer (8) and a liquid-gas ejector (11).

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé et un dispositif permettant d'assurer un ensemble de fonctions hydrodynamiques dans un écoulement compose d'au moins deux phases, telles celles de régulateur, de séparateur, de stabilisateur, de débimètre intégré ou_d'échangeur.The subject of the present invention is a method and a device making it possible to provide a set of hydrodynamic functions in a flow composed of at least two phases, such as those of regulator, separator, stabilizer, integrated flow meter or exchanger.

Dans la suite de la description, les termes d"'amont" et d"'aval" seront implicitement relatifs au dispositif selon l'invention en considérant le sens de l'écoulement. Ainsi, par exemple, l'expression "écoulement amont" désignera l'écoulement se dirigeant vers le dispositif considéré et l'expression "écoulement aval" désignera l'écoulement s'en éloignant.In the following description, the terms "upstream" and "downstream" will be implicitly relative to the device according to the invention by considering the direction of flow. Thus, for example, the expression “upstream flow” will designate the flow going towards the device considered and the expression “downstream flow” will designate the flow moving away therefrom.

Le long d'une ligne de transfert, la structure d'un écoulement composé d'au moins deux phases, évolue vers des formes qui nécessitent de plus en plus d'énergie pour maintenir en mouvement cet écoulement.Along a transfer line, the structure of a flow made up of at least two phases, evolves towards forms which require more and more energy to keep in motion this flow.

Dans certains cas, la structure de l'écoulement peut être telle que celui-ci ne peut plus être comprimé dans certains modèles de pompes, par exemple dans le cas d'un écoulement diphasique gaz liquide lorsque la taille des bulles gazeuses devient suffisamment grande pour désamorcer la pompe.In some cases, the flow structure can be such that it can no longer be compressed in certain pump models, for example in the case of a two-phase liquid gas flow when the size of the gas bubbles becomes large enough to prime the pump.

Par ailleurs, il est souvent nécessaire de connaître la compo- sition du mélange diphasique transporté par une ligne de transfert, afin de mieux effectuer le réglage de dispositifs placés sur cette ligne tels des pompes, par exemple.Moreover, it is often necessary to know the com- s ition of the two-phase mixture transported by a transfer line, to better adjust to devices placed on this line such pumps, for example.

L'art antérieur peut être illustré par les brevets français 2.299.593 et 2.401.862, le brevet britannique 2.014.862 et les brevets américains 3.416.547 et 1 437.649. Aucun de ces brevets ne permet de répondre, de manière réellement satisfaisante, aux besoins cités pré- cedemment.The prior art can be illustrated by French patents 2,299,593 and 2,401,862, the British patent 2,014,862 and American patents 3,416,547 and 1,437,649. None of these patents makes it possible to respond, in a truly satisfactory manner, to the needs cited above.

Aussi, la présente invention propose-t-elle notamment un dispositif permettant de stabiliser l'écoulement amont, de réguler l'écoulement aval, de générer un écoulement à structure polyphasique définie hydrodynamiquement et de mesurer les débits des différentes phases composant l'écoulement considéré.Also, the present invention notably proposes a device making it possible to stabilize the upstream flow, to regulate the downstream flow, to generate a flow with a multiphase structure defined hydrodynamically and to measure the flow rates of the different phases making up the flow considered .

De plus, le dispositif selon l'invention qui consomme une faible quantité d'énergie, peut être construit en intégrant les divers organes qui le composent, dans un ensemble compact de faible volume.In addition, the device according to the invention which consumes a small amount of energy, can be constructed by integrating the various organs which compose it, in a compact assembly of small volume.

Il est en outre possible d'adjoindre au dispositif selon l'invention un échangeur afin d'agir sur la température du mélange polyphasique.It is also possible to add to the device according to the invention an exchanger in order to act on the temperature of the multiphase mixture.

Ainsi, la présente invention consiste en un procédé permettant de réaliser un ensemble de fonctions hydrodynamiques sur un écoulement composé d'au moins deux phases. Le procédé selon l'invention comporte notamment les étapes suivantes :

  • - la séparation des fluides composant l'écoulement initial,
  • - la tranquillisation des écoulements de chacun desdits fluides, et
  • - la recombinaison desdits fluides pour former un nouvel écoulement ayant une structure prédéterminée.
Thus, the present invention consists of a method making it possible to carry out a set of hydrodynamic functions on a flow composed of at least two phases. The method according to the invention notably comprises the following steps:
  • - separation of the fluids making up the initial flow,
  • - the tranquilization of the flows of each of said fluids, and
  • - The recombination of said fluids to form a new flow having a predetermined structure.

Cette recombinaison des fluides peut s'effectuer par le passage de l'un au moins desdits écoulements à travers au moins un orifice de section réglable.This recombination of the fluids can be carried out by the passage of at least one of said flows through at least one orifice of adjustable section.

La section de passage de cet orifice est éventuellement réglée en fonction de l'une au moins des grandeurs constituées par le débit, la pression, la température de l'un des fluides et le niveau du liquide dans le tranquilliseur.The passage section of this orifice is possibly adjusted as a function of at least one of the quantities constituted by the flow rate, the pressure, the temperature of one of the fluids and the level of the liquid in the tranquilizer.

La section de passage de cet orifice peut être réglée en fonction de critères préétablis tels la minimisation de la perte d'énergie de l'écoulement.The passage section of this orifice can be adjusted according to pre-established criteria such as minimizing the loss of energy from the flow.

La présente invention concerne également un dispositif permettant de réaliser un ensemble de fonctions hydrodynamiques sur un écoulement composé d'au moins deux phases.The present invention also relates to a device making it possible to perform a set of hydrodynamic functions on a flow composed of at least two phases.

- Le dispositif selon l'invention comporte notamment au moins un séparateur de phase relié par des canalisations à un tranquilliseur, lui même relié à un éjecteur liquide gaz, par l'intermédiaire d'autres canalisations dont l'une au moins comporte un débimètre. L'éjecteur peut être réglable.- The device according to the invention comprises in particular at least one phase separator connected by pipes to a tranquilizer, itself connected to a liquid gas ejector, via other pipes, at least one of which includes a flow meter. The ejector can be adjustable.

Un dusage réglable peut être interposé sur l'une au moins des canalisations reliant le tranquilliseur à l'éjecteur.An adjustable flow can be interposed on at least one of the pipes connecting the tranquilizer to the ejector.

L'éjecteur comporte éventuellement deux organes convergents- divergents ayant des sections de passages réglables indépendamment l'une de l'autre.The ejector optionally comprises two converging-divergent members having sections of passages adjustable independently of one another.

Un organe de commande automatique pourra régler le fonctionnement de l'éjecteur.An automatic control unit can regulate the operation of the ejector.

Cet organe sera avantageusement équipé de moyens transmettant au moins un signal représentant une information, telle le débit de l'un des fluides, la pression ou la température relative à l'un des organes du dispositif selon l'invention, ou le niveau du liquide dans le tranquilliseur.This member will advantageously be equipped with means transmitting at least one signal representing information, such as the flow rate of one of the fluids, the pressure or the temperature relating to one of the organs of the device according to the invention, or the level of the liquid. in the tranquilizer.

L'organe de commande automatique comportera éventuellement un système de motorisation et un système de programmation commandant les différentes sections de passage de l'éjecteur en fonction de critères préétablis.The automatic control unit will optionally include a motorization system and a programming system controlling the different passage sections of the ejector according to predetermined criteria.

Le stabiliseur pourra être avantageusement équipé d'un échangeur.The stabilizer may advantageously be equipped with an exchanger.

Le stabiliseur comportera éventuellement un ensemble permettant la purge de liquide ou de particules solides, cet ensemble étant relié à une combustion débouchant dans un dispositif annexe d'évacuation ou dans le milieu ambiant, à travers un organe de contrôle et à une canalisation débouchant à la sortie de l'éjecteur à travers un autre organe de contrôle.The stabilizer will optionally include an assembly allowing the purging of liquid or solid particles, this assembly being connected to a combustion opening in an annex evacuation device or in the ambient environment, through a control member and to a pipe opening to the exit of the ejector through another control member.

Dans certains cas, ces deux organes de contrôle pourront être remplacés par un organe de contrôle à trois voies.In some cases, these two control bodies may be replaced by a three-way control body.

L'invention pourra être mieux comprise et ses avantages apparaîtront a la description qui suit d'un exemple de réalisation non limitatif appliqué au cas d'un mélange diphasique, illustré par les figures jointes et dans lesquelles :

  • - la figure 1 représente une vue générale du dispositif selon l'invention et
  • - la figure 2 représente une vue plus détaillée de l'éjecteur.
The invention can be better understood and its advantages will appear on reading the following description of a non-limiting exemplary embodiment applied in the case of a two-phase mixture, illustrated by the attached figures and in which:
  • - Figure 1 shows a general view of the device according to the invention and
  • - Figure 2 shows a more detailed view of the ejector.

Sur la figure 1 qui représente une vue d'ensemble du dispositif, la référence 1 désigne la canalisation d'arrivée de l'effluent diphasique.In Figure 1 which shows an overview of the device, the reference 1 designates the inlet pipe of the two-phase effluent.

Le séparateur 2 comporte une capacité 3 dans laquelle est fixée un tube 4 prolongeant la canalisation 1 d'arrivée du mélange diphasique.The separator 2 has a capacity 3 in which is fixed a tube 4 extending the pipe 1 for the arrival of the two-phase mixture.

Le tube 4 est percé d'orifices 5 de forme quelconque.The tube 4 is pierced with orifices 5 of any shape.

A titre d'exemple, ces orifices pourront être circulaires et avoir un diamètre compris entre 4 et 6 millimètres pour un tube de 50 à 100 millimètres de diamètre et pour une canalisation de 0,5 à 2 mètres de longueur.For example, these orifices may be circular and have a diameter of between 4 and 6 millimeters for a tube 50 to 100 millimeters in diameter and for a pipe of 0.5 to 2 meters in length.

Au moins deux canalisations 6 et 7, l'une haute 6, l'autre basse 7, relient le séparateur 2 à un tranquilliseur 8. De même, au moins deux canalisations 9 et 10 relient le tranquilliseur à l'éjecteur 11.At least two lines 6 and 7, one high 6, the other low 7, connect the separator 2 to a tranquilizer 8. Likewise, at least two lines 9 and 10 connect the tranquilizer to the ejector 11.

Le tranquilliseur 8 est éventuellement équipé de moyens de aesures de pression 12 et du niveau liquide 13.The tranquilizer 8 is optionally equipped with means for pressure measurements 12 and for the liquid level 13.

Sur chacune des canalisations 9 et 10 reliant le tranquilliseur l'éjecteur, esf placé un débimètre respectivement 14 et 15. Il est également possible de placer sur ces canalisations 9 et 10 des dusages réglables 16 et 17.On each of the lines 9 and 10 connecting the tranquilizer to the ejector, esf placed a flow meter 14 and 15 respectively. It is also possible to place on these lines 9 and 10 adjustable nozzles 16 and 17.

L'éjecteur 11 comporte deux pièces mobiles respectivement référencées 18 et 19 sur la figure 2.The ejector 11 comprises two moving parts respectively referenced 18 and 19 in FIG. 2.

La pièce 19 est placée à l'intérieur de la pièce 18 qui est creuse.The part 19 is placed inside the part 18 which is hollow.

La surface extérieure de l'une des extrémités de la pièce 18 définit avec le corps de l'éjecteur 20 un premier étranglement 21.The outer surface of one of the ends of the part 18 defines with the body of the ejector 20 a first constriction 21.

De même, la pièce 19 définit avec la surface intérieure de l'extrémité de la pièce 18 un deuxième étranglement 22.Likewise, the part 19 defines with the inner surface of the end of the part 18 a second constriction 22.

Les formes des parties concernées du corps 20 de l'éjecteur 11, de la pièce 18 et de la pièce 19 sont dessinées de telle manière que lorsque l'on rapproche la pièce 18 du corps 20 ou la pièce 19 de la pièce 18, les sections respectives des étranglements 21 et 22 diminuentThe shapes of the parts concerned of the body 20 of the ejector 11, of the part 18 and of the part 19 are drawn in such a way that when the part 18 is brought closer to the body 20 or the part 19 of the part 18, the respective sections of throttles 21 and 22 decrease

Autrement dit, la pièce 18 forme un pointeau creux qui coopère avec le corps 20 de l'éjecteur et la pièce 19 forme un pointeau qui coopère avec l'intérieur de la pièce 18.In other words, the part 18 forms a hollow needle which cooperates with the body 20 of the ejector and the part 19 forms a needle which cooperates with the interior of the part 18.

La partie centrale de la pièce 18 qui a de préférence une forme cylindrique, est percée sur une certaine longueur d'orifices 23 éventuellement, de telle sorte que quelle que soit la position de la pièce 18 par rapport au corps 20 de l'éjecteur lors du fonctionnement de l'éjecteur, il y ait une section de passage minimum pour le fluide arrivant par la canalisation 10 et se dirigeant vers la partie creuse de la pièce 18.The central part of the part 18 which preferably has a cylindrical shape, is pierced over a certain length of orifices 23 optionally, so that whatever the position of the part 18 relative to the body 20 of the ejector during the operation of the ejector, there is a minimum passage section for the fluid arriving through the pipe 10 and pointing towards the hollow part of part 18.

La position relative de la pièce 18 par rapport au corps 20 de l'éjecteur, et celle de la pièce 19 par rapport à la pièce 18, sont éventuellement commandées à partir du système de commande automatique 35. Ce dernier peut comporter un système de motorisation 24 piloté à partir du système de programmation 25.The relative position of the part 18 relative to the body 20 of the ejector, and that of the part 19 relative to the part 18, are optionally controlled from the automatic control system 35. The latter can include a motorization system 24 controlled from the programming system 25.

Le système de programmation 25 reçoit les mesures et les instructions nécessaires au pilotage du système de régulation. Le nombre et la nature de ces mesures et de ces instructions sont, entre autres, fonction des conditions d'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention. En effet, on conçoit lors d'une utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention sur une ligne de transfert, que les informations nécessaires au pilotage de l'éjecteur seront fonction des différents appareils que comportent cette ligne, et de la finesse de la régulation souhaitée.The programming system 25 receives the measurements and the instructions necessary for controlling the regulation system. The number and nature of these measures and these instructions are, among other things, a function of the conditions of use of the device according to the invention. In fact, it is conceivable when using the device according to the invention on a transfer line, that the information necessary for controlling the ejector will depend on the various devices that this line comprises, and on the fineness of the regulation desired .

Toutefois, et à titre d'exemple non limitatif, différents capteurs ont été représentés à la figure 1. Ainsi, outre les mesures fournies par les débimètres 14 et 15, le système de programmation 25 reçoit les signaux de capteurs mesurant la pression dans le tranquilliseur (capteur 12), le niveau dans le tranquilliseur (capteur 13), et la pression à la sortie 28 de l'éjecteur (capteur 26).However, and by way of nonlimiting example, various sensors have been shown in FIG. 1. Thus, in addition to the measurements provided by the flow meters 14 and 15, the programming system 25 receives the signals from sensors measuring the pressure in the stiller. (sensor 12), the level in the stiller (sensor 13), and the pressure at the outlet 28 of the ejector (sensor 26).

La référence 27 désigne une ou plusieurs lignes de transfert d'informations et de consignes extérieures.Reference 27 designates one or more lines for transferring information and external instructions.

Les informations extérieures fournies au système de programmation 25 pourront concerner par exemple les conditions de fonctionnement de machines placées en aval et amont du dispositif considéré, ou la nature des composés de l'écoulement diphasique.The external information supplied to the programming system 25 may relate for example to the operating conditions of machines placed downstream and upstream of the device considered, or the nature of the compounds of the two-phase flow.

Les consignes extérieures que reçoit le système de programmation et qui fixent ces conditons de travail seront par exemple la structure de l'écoulement que l'on souhaite obtenir à la sortie de l'éjecteur, la pression que l'on souhaite avoir à la sortie 28 de l'éjecteur, les débits à transférer, etc...The external instructions which the programming system receives and which fix these working conditions will be for example the structure of the flow which one wishes to obtain at the outlet of the ejector, the pressure which one wishes to have at the outlet 28 of the ejector, the flows to be transferred, etc ...

Eventuellement, le système pourra transmettre vers l'extérieur des informations le concernant, tels les débits mesurés par les débimètres 14 et 15, des pressions, des températures, la position et les conditions de fonctionnement de l'éjecteur.Optionally, the system can transmit information concerning it to the outside, such as the flow rates measured by the flow meters 14 and 15, pressures, temperatures, the position and operating conditions of the ejector.

Eventuellement, le séparateur 2 est muni d'un ensemble permettant la purge de liquide ou de particules solides. Cet ensemble comporte un point bas 29 aménagé dans le sépérateur, une canalisation 30 reliant ce point bas à travers un_organe de contrôle du débit 31 (par exemple une vanne) et une canalisation 32 reliant ce point bas à travers un organe de contrôle 33 vers un dispositif d'évacuation et tout simplement vers le milieu extérieur.Optionally, the separator 2 is provided with an assembly allowing the purging of liquid or solid particles. This assembly includes a low point 29 arranged in the separator, a pipe 30 connecting this low point through a flow control member 31 (for example a valve) and a pipe 32 connecting this low point through a control member 33 to a evacuation device and simply to the outside environment.

Eventuellement, un échangeur 34 placé dans le séparateur permettra d'agir sur la température du mélange diphasique.Optionally, an exchanger 34 placed in the separator will act on the temperature of the two-phase mixture.

FONCTIONNEMENTOPERATION

Le mélange diphasique arrive par la canalisation 1, pénètre dans le stabilisateur par le tube 4 où s'effectue la séparation de la phase liquide et de la phase gazeuse, les dépôts éventuels sont rassemblés au point bas 29 du stabilisateur.The two-phase mixture arrives via the pipe 1, enters the stabilizer through the tube 4 where the separation of the liquid phase and the gaseous phase takes place, any deposits are collected at the low point 29 of the stabilizer.

La température du liquide est éventuellement modifiée par l'utilisation de l'échangeur 34.The temperature of the liquid is possibly modified by the use of the exchanger 34.

Le gaz est transféré par l'orifice 6 dans le tranquilliseur, de même que le liquide par l'orifice 7.The gas is transferred through port 6 into the tranquilizer, as does the liquid through port 7.

Dans le tranquilliseur, les deux phases sont tranquillisées et il est possible de mesurer leur pression et le niveau du liquide.In the tranquilizer, the two phases are tranquilized and it is possible to measure their pressure and the level of the liquid.

La phase gazeuse est transférée par la canalisation 9 vers l'éjecteur. Cette canalisation 9 comporte un débimètre (à gaz) qui fournit un signal représentatif du débit au système de programmation 25. La phase liquide est transférée par la canalisation 10 vers l'éjecteur. Cette canalisation comporte un débimètre à liquide 14 dont le signal est. transmis au système de programmation 25.The gas phase is transferred through line 9 to the ejector. This line 9 includes a flow meter (gas) which provides a signal representative of the flow to the programming system 25. The liquid phase is transferred through line 10 to the ejector. This pipe includes a liquid flow meter 14 whose signal is. transmitted to the programming system 25.

Les deux canalisations 9 et 10 sont munies de dusages réglables respectivement 15 et 16 permettant de créer éventuellement une légère perte de charge pour couvrir avec un débimètre ou un dispositif selon l'invention une large gamme de débits.The two lines 9 and 10 are provided with adjustable nozzles 15 and 16 respectively, making it possible to possibly create a slight pressure drop to cover with a flow meter or a device according to the invention a wide range of flow rates.

A partir de différentes mesures, notamment celles des débits, et des consignes extérieures, le système de programmation 25 pilote le système de motorisation 24, lequel commande la position des pièces mobiles de l'ëjecteur afin de générer un écoulement diphasique de structure déterminée, celle-ci assurant un fonctionnement stable et optimal des équipements diphasiques placés sur la ligne de transfert en amont et en aval du dispositif selon l'invention.From various measurements, in particular those of the flow rates, and of the external instructions, the programming system 25 controls the motorization system 24, which controls the position of the moving parts of the ejector in order to generate a two-phase flow of determined structure, that -this ensuring stable and optimal operation of the two-phase equipment placed on the transfer line upstream and downstream of the device according to the invention.

Il est possible d'inverser sur l'éjecteur les positions relatives des canalisations d'arrivée de gaz et d'eau sans pour autant sortir du cadre de la présente invention.It is possible to reverse the relative positions of the gas and water inlet pipes on the ejector without departing from the scope of the present invention.

De même, on ne sortira pas du cadre de la présente invention en utilisant un autre type d'éjecteur que celui décrit précédemment.Likewise, it will not depart from the scope of the present invention by using a different type of ejector than that described above.

Le système de programmation 25 pourra être un système à microprocesseur programmé.The programming system 25 could be a programmed microprocessor system.

Le système de motorisation 24 pourra être de tout type connu, électrique, pneumatique, etc...The motorization system 24 may be of any known type, electric, pneumatic, etc.

On ne sortira pas du cadre de la présente invention en appliquant le procédé précédemment décrit à des fluides de même nature mais qui tendent à se dissocier l'un de l'autre tel, par exemple, deux liquides non miscibles de densités différentes.It will not depart from the scope of the present invention by applying the method described above to fluids of the same kind but which tend to dissociate from each other such, for example, two immiscible liquids of different densities.

Le dispositif selon l'invention peut également traiter ce'genre de fluides.The device according to the invention can also treat this kind of fluids.

Bien entendu, on ne sortira pas du cadre de la présente invention en introduisant des étapes supplémentaires telles que la désalinisation de la phase liquide ou la séparation des émulsions. Les étapes pourront être éventuellement menées parallèlement aux étapes prévues par l'invention, ainsi la désalinisation pourra être effectuée- dans le séparateur 2, simultanément à l'étape de séparation.Of course, it will not depart from the scope of the present invention by introducing additional steps such as the desalination of the liquid phase or the separation of emulsions. The steps may possibly be carried out in parallel with the steps provided by the invention, thus the desalination can be carried out in the separator 2, simultaneously with the separation step.

Claims (13)

1. - Procédé permettant de réaliser un ensemble de fonctions hydrodynamiques sur un écoulement composé d'au moins deux phases, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporté les étapes suivantes : - la séparation des fluides composant l'écoulement initial, - la tranquillisation des écoulements de chacun desdits fluides ainsi séparés, - la recombinaison desdits fluides pour former un nouvel écoulement ayant une structure prédéterminée. 1. - Method making it possible to carry out a set of hydrodynamic functions on a flow composed of at least two phases, characterized in that it comprises the following stages: - separation of the fluids making up the initial flow, - tranquilization of the flows of each of said fluids thus separated, - The recombination of said fluids to form a new flow having a predetermined structure. 2. Procédé selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que la recombinaison desdits fluides pour former un nouvel écoulement s'effectue par le passage de l'un au moins desdits écoulements à travers au moins un orifice de section réglable.2. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the recombination of said fluids to form a new flow takes place by the passage of at least one of said flows through at least one orifice of adjustable section. 3. - Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la section de passage dudit orifice est réglée en fonction de l'une au moins des grandeurs constituées par le débit, la pression, la température de l'un des fluides et le niveau du liquide dans le tranquilliseur.3. - Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the passage section of said orifice is adjusted according to at least one of the quantities constituted by the flow rate, the pressure, the temperature of one of the fluids and the level liquid in the tranquilizer. 4. - Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la section de passage dudit orifice est réglée en fonction de critères préétablis tel la minimisation de la perte d'énergie de l'écoulement.4. - Method according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the passage section of said orifice is adjusted according to pre-established criteria such as minimizing the loss of energy from the flow. 5. - Dispositif permettant de réaliser un ensemble de fonctions hydrodynamiques sur un écoulement composé d'au moins deux phases, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins un séparateur de phase (2) relié par des canalisations (6 et 7) à un tranquilliseur (8}, lui-même relié à un éjecteur (11) liquide-gaz par l'intermédiaire de canalisations (9 et 19) . dont l'une au moins comporte un débimètre (14 ou 15).5. - Device for carrying out a set of hydrodynamic functions on a flow composed of at least two phases, characterized in that it comprises at least one phase separator (2) connected by pipes (6 and 7) to a tranquilizer (8}, itself connected to a liquid-gas ejector (11) via pipes (9 and 19), at least one of which includes a flow meter (14 or 15). 6. - Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit éjecteur (11) est réglable.6. - Device according to claim 5, characterized in that said ejector (11) is adjustable. 7. - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un dusage réglable est interposé sur l'une des canalisations7. - Device according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that at least one adjustable nozzle is interposed on one of the pipes B. - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit éjecteur (11) comporte deux organes convergents (21) et (22) ayant des sections de passages réglables indépendamment l'une de l'autre.B. - Device according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that said ejector (11) comprises two converging members (21) and (22) having sections of passages adjustable independently of one another. 9. - Dispositif selon la revendication 8; caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un organe de commande automatique (35) de l'éjecteur (11).9. - Device according to claim 8; characterized in that it comprises an automatic control member (35) of the ejector (11). 10. - Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens transmettant audit organe de commande automatique (35) au moins un signal représentant une information tel le débit de l'un des fluides, la pression ou la température relative à l'un des organes dudit dispositif, ou le niveau du liquide dans le tranquilliseur (13).10. - Device according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises means transmitting to said automatic control member (35) at least one signal representing information such as the flow rate of one of the fluids, the pressure or the relative temperature to one of the organs of said device, or the level of the liquid in the tranquilizer (13). 11. - Dispositif selon l'une, des revendications 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que ledit organe de commande automatique (35) comporte un système de motorisation (24) commandant les différentes sections de passage (21, 22) de l'éjecteur (11) en fonction de critères préétablis.11. - Device according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that said automatic control member (35) comprises a motorization system (24) controlling the various passage sections (21, 22) of the ejector (11) according to pre-established criteria. 12. - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le stabilisateur (2) comporte un échangeur (34).12. - Device according to one of claims 5 to 11, characterized in that the stabilizer (2) comprises an exchanger (34). 13. - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le stabilisateur (2) comporte un ensemble permettant la purge de liquide ou de particules solides, cet ensemble étant relié à une canalisation (32) débouchant vers un dispositif annexe d'évacuation ou dans le milieu ambiant, à travers un organe de contrôle (33) et à une canalisation (30) débouchant à la sortie (28) de l'éjecteur (11) à travers un organe de contrôle (31).13. - Device according to one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the stabilizer (2) comprises an assembly allowing the purging of liquid or solid particles, this assembly being connected to a pipe (32) opening out to a device evacuation annex or in the ambient environment, through a control member (33) and to a pipe (30) opening at the outlet (28) of the ejector (11) through a control member (31).
EP83401946A 1982-10-11 1983-10-05 Process and device for producing a number of hydrodynamic functions in a current composed of at least two phases Expired EP0106755B1 (en)

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FR8217122 1982-10-11
FR8217122A FR2534326A1 (en) 1982-10-11 1982-10-11 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REALIZING A SET OF HYDRODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS IN A FLOW COMPOUND OF AT LEAST TWO PHASES

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JP (1) JPS59139919A (en)
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Publication number Publication date
ES526366A0 (en) 1984-06-16
FR2534326B1 (en) 1985-02-22
JPS59139919A (en) 1984-08-11
US4625744A (en) 1986-12-02
ES8405904A1 (en) 1984-06-16
AU2002083A (en) 1984-04-19
NO160051C (en) 1989-03-08
NO160051B (en) 1988-11-28
EP0106755B1 (en) 1986-07-30
JPH0446175B2 (en) 1992-07-29
FR2534326A1 (en) 1984-04-13
NO833668L (en) 1984-04-12
DE3364984D1 (en) 1986-09-04
CA1252740A (en) 1989-04-18
AU572474B2 (en) 1988-05-12

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