EP0106334A2 - Pyrotechnical smoke generating charge - Google Patents

Pyrotechnical smoke generating charge Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0106334A2
EP0106334A2 EP83110260A EP83110260A EP0106334A2 EP 0106334 A2 EP0106334 A2 EP 0106334A2 EP 83110260 A EP83110260 A EP 83110260A EP 83110260 A EP83110260 A EP 83110260A EP 0106334 A2 EP0106334 A2 EP 0106334A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fog
cesium
pyrotechnic
sentences according
sets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83110260A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0106334B1 (en
EP0106334A3 (en
Inventor
Manfred Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Piepenbrock Pyrotechnik Te Goellheim Bondsre GmbH
Original Assignee
Pyrotechnische Fabrik F Feistel GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pyrotechnische Fabrik F Feistel GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Pyrotechnische Fabrik F Feistel GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT83110260T priority Critical patent/ATE40101T1/en
Publication of EP0106334A2 publication Critical patent/EP0106334A2/en
Publication of EP0106334A3 publication Critical patent/EP0106334A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0106334B1 publication Critical patent/EP0106334B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C21D9/14—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes wear-resistant or pressure-resistant pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders
    • F02F1/20—Other cylinders characterised by constructional features providing for lubrication

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pyrotechnic mist sets which produce impenetrable mists in the visible and infrared range, as characterized by the claims.
  • mist sets contain corrosive, toxic or strongly acidic components, such as phosphorus pentoxide, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, titanium or zinc salts, which are extremely harmful to humans and plants in the concentration occurring in the mist.
  • phosphorus pentoxide phosphorus pentoxide
  • hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acid
  • sulfuric acid titanium or zinc salts
  • metal oxides, buffer substances and ammonium compounds it has therefore been ensured in most of today's mist sets that the mist generated only is as weakly acidic or neutral as possible. It is therefore an object of the invention to modify the known fog sentences so that they do not react as acidic as possible.
  • the present invention has also set itself the task of increasing the fog yield of phosphorus-containing fog sets.
  • the effectiveness can be further increased by adding ammonium chloride.
  • a 1.7 kg mmoniumperchlorat, 1,5 kg of zinc oxide, 0.8 kg and 0.5 kg of ammonium chloride polychloroisoprene be made into a paste with a solution of 0.5 kg of dioctyl phthalate in 1 liter of methanol.
  • the mixture is pressed through a sieve with a mesh size of 0.3-0.5 mm and dried on trays.
  • the dried granules are then pressed according to DE-AS 30 31 369 into compacts of approximately 50 g.
  • 20 pressed bodies are combined in a plastic or metal shell to form a charge using an ignition charge according to Example 2 of DE-AS 30 31 369.
  • the primer has the following components: magnesium powder (1.2 kg) iron blue (0.9 kg), boron amorphous (2.39 kg), powdered chlorinated paraffin (0.8 kg) and black powder (4.71 kg).
  • the magnesium powder and iron blue were premixed; the chlorinated paraffin, dissolved in 2 liters of perchlorethylene, was added and mixed.
  • the amorphous boron was added and the mixing process repeated for 5 minutes.
  • the black powder was added as the last component, mixed with the other components for 10 minutes, dried and pressed at 1500 bar.
  • the same mixture as above is additionally mixed with 0.4 kg of cesium nitrate and processed in the same way to form compacts with a weight of approx. 50 g.
  • 20 compacts are put together with a primer in a shell to form a charge.
  • 3 white plates heated to approx. 40 ° C are set up in the terrain at a distance of 10 m and from a distance of 100 m with infrared and optical viewing devices at wavelengths of 10 ⁇ m, 3.5 ⁇ m and 0.6 ⁇ m observed. Mist loads of the above composition are propelled about 40-50 m before the target shot, where a 3-15 m high and 25-40 m wide and deep fog wall forms within seconds. At temperatures of 22 ° C and a relative humidity of 48%, the coverage ratios listed in the following ablelle T are determined.
  • a very good coverage of 95-100% is understood, ie the goal can no longer be distinguished from the background.
  • a good coverage of 80-95% is understood, ie the goal is almost impossible to identify.
  • Moderate coverage is 50-80%.
  • Bad means coverage below 50%, where the goal can still be clearly identified.
  • Example 2 2.5 kg of hexachloroethane, 0.8 kg of zinc oxide, 0.4 kg of silicon powder, 0.3 kg of aluminum powder and 0.3 kg of amorphous boron are mixed intensively and pasted in a kneader with 2 kg of a 10% elastomer binder solution in acetone.
  • the mixture is processed in the same process as in Example 1 into compacts which are isolated by an additional coating of methacrylic resin and combined in accordance with Example 1 to form fog loads.
  • the fog effect is determined according to Example 1, the results of Table 2 below being obtained.
  • the mists formed have a pH of approx. 5-7.
  • the elastomer consisted of butadiene. Polybutadiene can also be used.
  • 0.65 kg of red phosphorus, 0.15 kg of iron (III) oxide, 0.15 kg of aluminum powder and 0.15 kg of magnesium powder are kneaded with 0.2 kg of 10% elastomer binder and processed according to Example 1 into compacts.
  • the fog effect is determined according to Example 1, the results of Table 3 below being obtained.
  • 0.65 kg of hexachloroethane, 0.2 kg of silicon powder and 0.15 kg of aluminum powder are mixed and pressed into a casing under low pressure, which is connected to a propellant and ignition charge.
  • Butadiene (polybutadiene) is used as the binder.

Abstract

1. Pyrotechnical smoke compositions which produce impenetrable smoke in the visible and infra-red range based on halogen donors, as well as metal powders and/or oxides or on the basis of red phosphorus, which contain additional alkali metal salts, characterised in that caesium compounds are additionally admixed with the smoke compositions which are dispersed in the case of combustion and absorb radiations in the infra-red range.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft pyrotechnische Nebelsätze, die im sichtbaren und infraroten Bereich undurchdringliche Nebel erzeugen, wie sie durch die Ansprüche gekennzeichnet sind.The present invention relates to pyrotechnic mist sets which produce impenetrable mists in the visible and infrared range, as characterized by the claims.

Künstliche Nebel-werden in der Technik einmal angewandt, um Frost aus Pflanzungen fernzuhalten (insbesondere Obst-oder Weinbau). Dabei wird üblicherweise entweder Rauch-oder ölnebel erzeugt oder ein feiner Wassernebel versprüht, der zusätzlich durch Glycerin, Fettalkohole oder ähnliches stabilisiert sein kann und über die zu schützende Kultur in einer mehr oder weniger dicken Schicht ausgebreitet ist, um die vom Boden abgestrahlte Wärme zu reflektieren und damit ein Auskühlen zu verhindern. Dem Zweck entsprechend müssen diese Nebel bzw. Wolken über längere Zeiten aufrechterhalten werden, d.h. der durch Auskondensieren und Windbewegung entstehende Verlust muß durch laufende Neuerzeugung nachgeliefert werden. Zu diesem Zweck werden deshalb meist kontinuierlich arbeitende Anlagen verwendet. ;Artificial mist is used once in technology to keep frost out of plantations (especially fruit or wine growing). Either smoke or oil mist is usually generated or a fine water mist is sprayed, which can additionally be stabilized by glycerol, fatty alcohols or the like and is spread over the culture to be protected in a more or less thick layer in order to reflect the heat radiated from the soil and thus prevent cooling down. In accordance with the purpose, these fog or clouds must be maintained over longer periods, ie the loss resulting from condensation and wind movement must be generated continuously through new generation be delivered later. For this purpose, continuously operating systems are mostly used. ;

Eine weitere Anwendung finden künstliche Nebel vor allem im militärischen Sektor zur Tarnung von militärischen Anlagen, Truppenteilen und Fahrzeugen. Insbesondere beim Schutz von Truppenteilen und Fahrzeugen kommt es dabei darauf an, diese für kurze Zeit einer direkten Beobachtung durch den Gegner zu entziehen, wozu üblicherweise eine pyrotechnische Ladung in Richtung des Gegners verschossen wird, die sich schrotschußartig aufteilt und eine Vielzahl von Nebel-erzeugenden Partikeln bildet, die für eine sehr rasche und gleichmäßige Vernebelung größerer Flächen sorgen (vgl. DE-AS 30 31 369 und die dort zitierte Literatur).Artificial fog is also used primarily in the military sector to camouflage military installations, troops and vehicles. Especially when protecting troop parts and vehicles, it is important to prevent them from being directly observed by the enemy for a short time, usually by firing a pyrotechnic charge towards the enemy, which is split up like a shot and a large number of fog-producing particles forms, which ensure a very quick and uniform nebulization of larger areas (see. DE-AS 30 31 369 and the literature cited there).

Für diesen Zweck sind eine große Anzahl von verschiedenen Rauch- und Nebelmischungen bekannt geworden. Beispielsweise sei Titantetrachlorid, Siliciumtetrachlorid, Chlorsulfonsäure bzw. ihre Kombinationen mit Ammoniak oder Schwefeltrioxid als flüssige Nebelbildner oder roter Phosphor, HC-Mischungen (Hexachloräthan/Zink/Zinkoxid) und Ammoniumperchlorat/Zinkoxid als feste Nebelbildner genannt. Im Einsatzfall werden diese Stoffe entweder durch eine sekundäre Verbrennungsreaktion oder durch die bei ihrer Umsetzung miteinander freiwerdendengeeigneten Produkte in Nebel umgewandelt. Für die Qualität der Nebelbildung entscheidend ist die Geschwindigkeit der Bildung, die Konzentration und Art seiner Ausbreitung sowie die Dauer der Vernebelung. Für all diese Zwecke geeignete Nebelmischungen sind bereits bekannt (vgl. DE-AS 30 31 369).A large number of different smoke and mist mixtures have become known for this purpose. For example, titanium tetrachloride, silicon tetrachloride, chlorosulfonic acid or their combinations with ammonia or sulfur trioxide as liquid mist-forming agents or red phosphorus, HC mixtures (hexachloroethane / zinc / zinc oxide) and ammonium perchlorate / zinc oxide as solid misting agents. When used, these substances are converted into mist either by a secondary combustion reaction or by the suitable products released when they are reacted with one another. The speed of the formation, the concentration and type of its spread and the duration of the nebulization are decisive for the quality of the fog formation. Mist mixtures suitable for all these purposes are already known (cf. DE-AS 30 31 369).

Siehe z.B. DE-OS 25 56 256 DE-OS 25 09 539 DE-OS 18 12 027 DE-AS 12 46 488 DE-OS 30 12 405 DE-OS 27 29 055 DE-OS 27 43 363 DE-OS 19 13 790.See e.g. DE-OS 25 56 256 DE-OS 25 09 539 DE-OS 18 12 027 DE-AS 12 46 488 DE-OS 30 12 405 DE-OS 27 29 055 DE-OS 27 43 363 DE-OS 19 13 790.

Für eine breite Anwendung in der modernen Wehrtechnik haben diese Mischungen jedoch einen ganz wesentlichen Nachteil. Während es früher insbesondere darauf ankam, einen im sichtbaren Licht möglichst dichten Nebel zu erzeugen, verfügen heutige militärische Beobachter zusätzlich über Infrarotpeil-und Wärmebildgeräte, die die Tatsache ausnutzen, daß militärische Ziele aufgrund ihres Energieumsatzes sehr intensive Wärmestrahlung aussenden, die auf große Entfernungen detektierbar ist. Da durch atmosphärische Bestandteile wie CO2 und Wasserdampf die Infrarotstrahlung bestimmter Wellenlängen selektiv absorbiert wird, arbeiten diese Geräte vorzugsweise in den sog. "Fenstern" der Atmosphäre, die bei 0,7 - 1,5 µm, 2-2,5 µm, 3-5 um und8-12 µm liegen. Insbesondere ist man bestrebt, im 8-12 µm-Bereich zu arbeiten, da in diesem diese Störungen durch Rauch, Dunst und normalen Nebel ein Miniumum einnehmen. Aufgabe pyrotechnischer Nebelsätze ist es deshalb, umgekehrt in diesen Bereich eine möglichst hohe Absorption oder Reflektion der IR-Strahlung zu gewährleisten.However, for a wide range of applications in modern defense technology, these mixtures have a very significant disadvantage. While in the past it was particularly important to generate a fog that was as dense as possible in visible light, today's military observers also have infrared direction finders and thermal imaging devices that take advantage of the fact that military targets emit very intense heat radiation due to their energy turnover, which can be detected at great distances . Since the infrared radiation of certain wavelengths is selectively absorbed by atmospheric components such as CO 2 and water vapor, these devices preferably work in the so-called "windows" of the atmosphere, which are at 0.7-1.5 µm, 2-2.5 µm, 3 -5 µm and 8-12 µm. In particular, efforts are made to work in the 8-12 µm range, since these disturbances caused by smoke, haze and normal fog occupy a minimum. It is therefore the task of pyrotechnic mist sets, in reverse, to ensure the highest possible absorption or reflection of the IR radiation in this area.

Darüber hinaus enthalten die meisten pyrotechnischen Nebelsätze ätzende, giftige oder stark saure Komponenten, wie Phosphorpentoxid, Salzsäure, Schwefelsäure, Titan- oder Zinksalze, die in der im Nebel vorkommenden Konzentration für Menschen und Pflanzen außerordentlich schädlich sind. Durch Zusatz von Metalloxiden, Puffersubstanzen und Ammoniumverbindungen hat man deshalb in den meisten heutigen Nebelsätzen dafür gesorgt, daß der erzeugte Nebel nur noch möglichst schwach sauer oder neutral ist. Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung liegt deshalb auch darin, die bekannten Nebelsätze so zu modifizieren, daß diese möglichst nicht sauer reagieren.In addition, most pyrotechnic mist sets contain corrosive, toxic or strongly acidic components, such as phosphorus pentoxide, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, titanium or zinc salts, which are extremely harmful to humans and plants in the concentration occurring in the mist. By adding metal oxides, buffer substances and ammonium compounds, it has therefore been ensured in most of today's mist sets that the mist generated only is as weakly acidic or neutral as possible. It is therefore an object of the invention to modify the known fog sentences so that they do not react as acidic as possible.

Diese Aufgaben werden überraschenderweise durch die in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichneten Maßnahmen gelöst, d.h. dadurch, daß man den an sich bekannten Nebelsätzen eine ausreichende Cäsium-Verbindungen zusetzt.These tasks are surprisingly achieved by the measures characterized in the claims, i.e. by adding sufficient cesium compounds to the known fog sentences.

Durch diesen Zusatz an Cäsium-Verbindungen wird überraschenderweise die Durchsichtigkeit der Nebel mit IR-Licht, insbesondere von Infrarotlicht mit Wellenlängen von 3-5 bzw. 8-12 µm ganz entscheidend herabgesetzt, wobei bisher nicht festgestellt werden konnte, worauf dieses beruht.This addition of cesium compounds surprisingly significantly reduces the transparency of the nebulae with IR light, in particular infrared light with wavelengths of 3-5 or 8-12 µm, although it has not been possible to determine to what extent this is based.

Da bekanntlich Cäsium- Salze im.nahen InfrarotBereich bis 12 µm keine Absorptionen aufweisen, die auf Schwingung zurückzuführen sind, an denen die Cäsium-Ionen beteiligt sind (Cäsium-Halogenide weisen keine, Cäsiumnitrat lediglich die Schwingung der Nitratgruppe bei 7,2 µm auf),kann eine direkte Absorption des IR-Lichts nicht für den Effekt infrage kommen. Da die verwendeten Mengen bezogen auf die Menge des gesamten Nebelsatzes relativ klein sind, nur durchschnittlich 25 % entsprechen, und entsprechend die übrigen nebelbildenden Komponenten in geringerer Menge vorhander sind, kann auch die Erhöhung der Teilchenzahl des dispergierten Systems nicht für den Effekt verantwortlich gemacht werden. Da nach den bisherigen Beobachtungen auch die Sinkgeschwindigkeit und Kondensierbarkeit der gebildeten Nebel- wolken sich nicht von denen der entsprechenden Nebelsätze ! ohne Zusatz von Cäsiumsalze unterscheidet, scheint auch eine Verbesserung der Streuwirkung der erzeugten Partikel nicht für den Effekt verantwortlich zu sein. Unter der Annahme nämlich, daß für diese Partikel in erster Näherung das Stokessche Gesetz gilt, d.h. die Sinkgeschwindigkeit dem Quadrat des Partikeldurchmessers proportional ist, würde eine Vergrößerung des Partikeldurchmessers von 1µm in üblichen Nebelsätzen auf 10 µm, die für eine wirksame Streuung im IR-Bereich von 8-12µm notwendig wären, eine Erhöhung der Sink- geschwindigkeit um einen Faktor 100-bedeuten. Es bleibt deshalb weiteren Untersuchungen vorbehalten, eine befriedigende Theorie zu finden, warum die erfindungsgemäßen pyrotechnischen Nebelsätze sowohl im sichtbaren als auch im Infrarot eine befriedigende Dichte aufweisen.As is well known, cesium salts in the near infrared range up to 12 µm have no absorptions that can be attributed to vibrations in which the cesium ions are involved (cesium halides have no cesium nitrate, only the vibrations of the nitrate group at 7.2 µm) , direct absorption of IR light cannot be considered for the effect. Since the amounts used are relatively small in relation to the amount of the entire fog set, correspond to an average of only 25%, and accordingly the other fog-forming components are present in smaller amounts, the increase in the number of particles in the dispersed system cannot be held responsible for the effect will. Since, according to the previous observations, the rate of descent and the condensability of the fog clouds formed do not differ from those of the corresponding fog sets! without the addition of cesium salts, an improvement in the scattering effect of the particles produced does not appear to be responsible for the effect. On the assumption that Stokes law applies to these particles in a first approximation, that is, the rate of descent is proportional to the square of the particle diameter, an increase in the particle diameter of 1 µm in conventional fog sets to 10 µm would ensure effective scattering in the IR range of 8-12µm would be necessary to increase the sinking speed by a factor of 100. It is therefore reserved for further investigations to find a satisfactory theory as to why the pyrotechnic fog sentences according to the invention have a satisfactory density both in the visible and in the infrared.

Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich weiterhin die Aufgabe gestellt, die Nebelausbeute von phosphorhaltigen Nebelsätzen zu erhöhen.The present invention has also set itself the task of increasing the fog yield of phosphorus-containing fog sets.

Die üblicherweise verwendeten Metalle Magnesium und Titan führen zu einem Aschegehalt nach dem Abbrand der Nebelsätze von 60 - 70 %The commonly used metals magnesium and titanium lead to an ash content of 60 - 70% after the smoke sets have burned down.

Überraschenderweise gelingt es, die Effektivität derartiger Nebelsätze zu steigern, indem man anstelle von Magnesium und Titan eine Zirkonium/Nickellegierung vorzugsweise mit 70 % Zirkon und 30 % Nickel einsetzt. Der Aschegehalt derartiger Sätze kann dadurch bis auf 5 % gesenkt werden. Zusätze an Bor wirken in gleicher Richtung und verbessern zusätzlich die IR-Absorption.Surprisingly, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of such fog sets by using a zirconium / nickel alloy, preferably with 70% zircon and 30% nickel, instead of magnesium and titanium. As a result, the ash content of such sets can be reduced to 5%. Additions of boron work in the same direction and additionally improve the IR absorption.

Durch Zusätze an Amoniumchlorid kann die Wirksamkeit zusätzlich gesteigert werden.The effectiveness can be further increased by adding ammonium chloride.

Der große Vorteil der vorbeschriebenen Nebelsätze besteht darin,' daß sie passiv wirksam sind. Das bedeutet, daß sie keine eigene Wärmetönung aufweisen und somit das Umgebungsbild in Infrarotsichtgeräten nicht verändern.The great advantage of the above-smoke units is' that they are passive income. This means that they do not have their own heat tone and therefore do not change the image of the surroundings in infrared vision devices.

In den folgenden Beispielen sind eine Reihe von erfindungsgemäßen Nebelsätzen mit entsprechenden Nebelsätzen ohne den erfindungsgemäßen Zusatz verglichen.In the following examples, a number of fog sentences according to the invention are compared with corresponding fog sentences without the addition according to the invention.

Beispiel 1example 1 AmmoniumperchloratnebelAmmonium perchlorate mist

1,7 kg Ammoniumperchlorat, 1,5 kg Zinkoxid, 0,8 kg Polychlorisopren und 0,5 kg Ammoniumchlorid werden mit einer Lösung aus 0,5 kg Dioctylphthalat in 1 Liter Methanol angeteigt. Die Mischung wird durch ein Sieb mit einer Maschenweite von 0,3-0,5 mm gedrückt und auf Horden getrocknet. Das getrocknete Granulat wird dann gemäß DE-AS 30 31 369 zu Preßkörpern von ca. 50 g verpreßt. Jeweils 20 Preßkörper werden mit einem Anzündsatz gemäß Beispiel 2 der DE-AS 30 31 369 in einer Kunststoff- oder Metallhülle zu einer Ladung vereinigt. A 1.7 kg mmoniumperchlorat, 1,5 kg of zinc oxide, 0.8 kg and 0.5 kg of ammonium chloride polychloroisoprene be made into a paste with a solution of 0.5 kg of dioctyl phthalate in 1 liter of methanol. The mixture is pressed through a sieve with a mesh size of 0.3-0.5 mm and dried on trays. The dried granules are then pressed according to DE-AS 30 31 369 into compacts of approximately 50 g. In each case 20 pressed bodies are combined in a plastic or metal shell to form a charge using an ignition charge according to Example 2 of DE-AS 30 31 369.

Der Anzündsatz hat folgende Bestandteile: Magnesiumpulver (1,2 kg) Eisenblau (0,9 kg), Bor amorph (2,39 kg), pulverförmiges Chlorparaffin (0,8 kg) und Schwarzpulvermehl (4,71 kg). Das Magnesiumpulver und das Eisenblau wurden vorgemischt; das Chlrparaffin, gelöst in 2 Litern Perchloräthylen, wurde hinzugegeben und vermengt. Das Bor amorph wurde hinzugegeben und der Mischvorgang 5 Minuten wiederholt. Als letzter Bestandteil wurde das Schwarzpulver hinzugegeben, mit den anderen Bestandteilen 10 Minuten gemischt, getrocknet und mit 1500 bar gepreßt.The primer has the following components: magnesium powder (1.2 kg) iron blue (0.9 kg), boron amorphous (2.39 kg), powdered chlorinated paraffin (0.8 kg) and black powder (4.71 kg). The magnesium powder and iron blue were premixed; the chlorinated paraffin, dissolved in 2 liters of perchlorethylene, was added and mixed. The amorphous boron was added and the mixing process repeated for 5 minutes. The black powder was added as the last component, mixed with the other components for 10 minutes, dried and pressed at 1500 bar.

Die gleiche Mischung, wie vorstehend, wird zusätzlich mit 0,4 kg Cäsiumnitrat vermischt und in gleicher Weise zu Preßkörpern mit einem Gewicht von ca. 50 g verarbeitet. Wie vorstehend,werden jeweils 20 Preßkörper mit einem Zündsatz in einer Hülle zu einer Ladung zusammengefügt.The same mixture as above is additionally mixed with 0.4 kg of cesium nitrate and processed in the same way to form compacts with a weight of approx. 50 g. As above, 20 compacts are put together with a primer in a shell to form a charge.

Zur Beurteilung der Nebelwirkung werden nebeneinander 3 weiße auf ca. 40 °C aufgeheizte Platten im Gelände im Abstand von 10 m aufgestellt und aus einer Entfernung von 100 m mit Infrarot und optischen Sichtgeräten bei Wellenlängen von 10 µm, 3,5 µm und 0,6 µm beobachtet. Nebelladungen der obigen Zusammensetzung werden mit einer Treibladung ca. 40-50 m vor das Ziel geschossen, wo sich innerhalb von Sekunden eine 3-15 m hohe und 25-40 m breite und tiefe Nebelwand ausbildet. Bei Temperaturen von 22°C und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit von 48 % werden die in der folgenden Tablelle aufgeführten Abdeckungsverhältnisse ermittelt.To assess the fog effect, 3 white plates heated to approx. 40 ° C are set up in the terrain at a distance of 10 m and from a distance of 100 m with infrared and optical viewing devices at wavelengths of 10 µm, 3.5 µm and 0.6 µm observed. Mist loads of the above composition are propelled about 40-50 m before the target shot, where a 3-15 m high and 25-40 m wide and deep fog wall forms within seconds. At temperatures of 22 ° C and a relative humidity of 48%, the coverage ratios listed in the following ablelle T are determined.

Unter sehr gut wird eine Abdeckung von 95-100 % verstanden, d.h. das Ziel ist nicht mehr vom Hintergrund zu unterscheiden. Unter gut wird eine Abdeckung von 80-95 % verstanden, d.h. das Ziel ist fast nicht auszumachen. Unter mäßig ist eine Abdeckung von 50-80 % zu verstehen. Unter schlecht ist eine Abdeckung von unter 50 % zu verstehen,bei der das Ziel noch deutlich auszumachen ist.

Figure imgb0001
A very good coverage of 95-100% is understood, ie the goal can no longer be distinguished from the background. A good coverage of 80-95% is understood, ie the goal is almost impossible to identify. Moderate coverage is 50-80%. Bad means coverage below 50%, where the goal can still be clearly identified.
Figure imgb0001

Beispiel 2Example 2 HexachlorethannebelHexachloroethane fog

2,5 kg Hexachlorethan, 0,8 kg Zinkoxid, 0,4 kg Siliciumpulver, 0,3 kg Aluminiumpulver und 0,3 kg amorphes Bor werden intensiv gemischt und in einem Kneter mit 2 kg einer 10 %igen Elastomerbinderlösung in Aceton angeteigt. Die Mischung wird dem gleichen Verfahren wie im Beispiel 1 zu Preßkörpern verarbeitet die durch einen zusätzlichen Überzug aus Methacrylharz isoliert und gemäß Beispiel 1 zu Nebelladungen vereinigt werden.2.5 kg of hexachloroethane, 0.8 kg of zinc oxide, 0.4 kg of silicon powder, 0.3 kg of aluminum powder and 0.3 kg of amorphous boron are mixed intensively and pasted in a kneader with 2 kg of a 10% elastomer binder solution in acetone. The mixture is processed in the same process as in Example 1 into compacts which are isolated by an additional coating of methacrylic resin and combined in accordance with Example 1 to form fog loads.

Die gleiche Mischung wie oben, jedoch unter Zusatz von 1 kg Cäsiumnitrat wird in entsprechender Weise zu Nebelladungen verarbeitet.The same mixture as above, but with the addition of 1 kg of cesium nitrate, is processed in a corresponding manner into fog loads.

Die Nebelwirkung wird gemäß Beispiel 1 bestimmt, wobei die Resultate der folgenden Tabelle 2 erhalten werden. Die gebeildeten Nebel haben einen pH-Wert von ca. 5-7. Das Elastomer bestand aus Butadien. Polybutadien ist ebenfalls verwendbar.The fog effect is determined according to Example 1, the results of Table 2 below being obtained. The mists formed have a pH of approx. 5-7. The elastomer consisted of butadiene. Polybutadiene can also be used.

Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0002

Beispiel 3Example 3 Roter PhosphornebelRed phosphor fog

0,65 kg roter Phosphor, 0,15 kg Eisen (III) oxid, 0,15 kg Aluminiumpulver und 0,15 kg Magnesiumpulver werden mit 0,2 kg 10 %-igem Elastomerbinder verknetet und gemäß Beispiel 1 zu Preßkörpern verarbeitet.0.65 kg of red phosphorus, 0.15 kg of iron (III) oxide, 0.15 kg of aluminum powder and 0.15 kg of magnesium powder are kneaded with 0.2 kg of 10% elastomer binder and processed according to Example 1 into compacts.

In gleicher Weise werden Mischungen,die zusätzlich 0,40 kg Cäsiumnitrat enthalten,zu Preßkörpern verarbeitet.Mixtures containing an additional 0.40 kg of cesium nitrate are processed in the same way to form compacts.

Die Nebelwirkung wird gemäß Beispiel 1 bestimmt, wobei die Resultate der folgenden Tabelle 3 erhalten werden.

Figure imgb0003
The fog effect is determined according to Example 1, the results of Table 3 below being obtained.
Figure imgb0003

Beispiel 4Example 4

0,65 kg Hexachlorethan, 0,2 kg Siliziumpulver und 0,15 kg Aluminiumpulver werden vermischt, und unter schwachem Druck in eine Hülle gepreßt, die mit einem Treib- und Anzündsatz verbunden ist.0.65 kg of hexachloroethane, 0.2 kg of silicon powder and 0.15 kg of aluminum powder are mixed and pressed into a casing under low pressure, which is connected to a propellant and ignition charge.

In gleicher Weise werden Mischungen verarbeitet, die zusätz 0,01-0,10 kg Cäsiumchlorid enthalten.Mixtures containing an additional 0.01-0.10 kg of cesium chloride are processed in the same way.

Die folgenden Nebelwirkungen werden erhalten:

Figure imgb0004
In den nachstehenden Beispielen werden bewährte Rezepturen angegeben.The following fog effects are obtained:
Figure imgb0004
 Proven recipes are given in the examples below.

Als Binder wird Butadien (Polybutadien) eingesetzt.Butadiene (polybutadiene) is used as the binder.

Beispiel 5Example 5

Figure imgb0005
Figure imgb0005

Beispiel 6Example 6

Figure imgb0006
Figure imgb0006

Beispiel 7Example 7

Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0008
Figure imgb0008

Beispiel 8Example 8

Figure imgb0009
Figure imgb0009

Beispiel 9Example 9

Figure imgb0010
Figure imgb0010

Claims (11)

1.) Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze, die im sichtbaren und infraroten Bereich undurchdringliche Nebel erzeugen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß den Nebelsätzen zusätzlich Cäsium-Verbindungen beigemischt sind, die beim Abbrand dispergiert werden und Strahlungen im Infrarotbereich absorbieren.1.) Pyrotechnic fog sets that generate impenetrable fog in the visible and infrared range, characterized in that the fog sets are additionally mixed with cesium compounds that are dispersed during combustion and absorb radiation in the infrared range. 2.) Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gehalt an Cäsium-Verbindungen 0,5 - 50 % beträgt.2.) Pyrotechnic fog sentences according to claim 1, characterized in that the content of cesium compounds is 0.5 - 50%. 3.) Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gehalt an Cäsium-Verbindungen 5 -25 % beträgt.3.) Pyrotechnic fog sentences according to claim 2, characterized in that the content of cesium compounds is 5 -25%. 4.) Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Cäsium-Verbindung enthalten ist.4.) Pyrotechnic fog sentences according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that a cesium compound is included. 5.) Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Cäsium-Verbindung Cäsiumchlorid, Cäsiumbromid, Cäsiumnitrat, Cäsiumoxid enthalten ist.5.) Pyrotechnic fog sentences according to claim 4, characterized in that cesium chloride, cesium bromide, cesium nitrate, cesium oxide is contained as the cesium compound. 6.) Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze nach Anspruch 1 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Cäsium- Verbindung einem Hexachlorethansatz mit Silicium und Aluminium als Metallpulver beigemischt ist.6.) Pyrotechnic fog sentences according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the cesium compound is mixed with a hexachloroethane mixture with silicon and aluminum as a metal powder. 7.) Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze nach Anspruch 6, enthaltend 50 - 70 Gew % Hexachlorethan 20 - 40 Gew % Silicium und/oder Aluminiumpulver sowie 1 - 20 Gew % Cäsium-Verbihdung. 7.) Pyrotechnic fog sentences according to claim 6, containing 50-70% by weight hexachloroethane 20-40% by weight silicon and / or aluminum powder and 1 - 20% by weight cesium compound. 8.) Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze mit Phosphorgehalten von etwa über 50 Gew %, gekennzeichnet durch einen Gehalt an Zirkonium/Nickellegierung, vorzugsweise im Legierungsverhältnis 70/30.8.) Pyrotechnic fog sets with phosphorus contents of about 50% by weight, characterized by a content of zirconium / nickel alloy, preferably in the alloy ratio 70/30. 9.) Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze nach Anspruch 8, gekennzeichnet durch einen zusätzlichen Gehalt an amorphem. Bor.9.) Pyrotechnic fog sentences according to claim 8, characterized by an additional content of amorphous. Boron. 10.) Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze nach Anspruch 8 und 9, gekennzeichnet durch nachstehendes Mischungsverhältnis
Figure imgb0011
und gegebenenfalls Aluminiumpulver in Mengen von 3 % bis 20 % .10.) Pyrotechnic mist sets according to claim 8 and 9, characterized by the following mixing ratio
Figure imgb0011
 and optionally aluminum powder in amounts of 3% to 20%. 11.) Pyrotechnische Nebelsätze nach Anspruch 8 bis 10, gekennzeichnet durch Zusätze an Amoniumchlorid in Mengen von 5 % bis 25 %.11.) Pyrotechnic fog sentences according to claim 8 to 10, characterized by additions of ammonium chloride in amounts of 5% to 25%.
EP83110260A 1982-10-16 1983-10-14 Pyrotechnical smoke generating charge Expired EP0106334B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83110260T ATE40101T1 (en) 1982-10-16 1983-10-14 PYROTECHNIC FOG GENTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3238444A DE3238444C2 (en) 1982-10-16 1982-10-16 Pyrotechnic smoke packs
DE3238444 1982-10-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0106334A2 true EP0106334A2 (en) 1984-04-25
EP0106334A3 EP0106334A3 (en) 1985-12-04
EP0106334B1 EP0106334B1 (en) 1989-01-18

Family

ID=6175923

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83110260A Expired EP0106334B1 (en) 1982-10-16 1983-10-14 Pyrotechnical smoke generating charge

Country Status (14)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0106334B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6042194B2 (en)
KR (1) KR910000506B1 (en)
AR (1) AR231962A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE40101T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1237581A (en)
DE (2) DE3238444C2 (en)
DK (1) DK164665C (en)
ES (1) ES526488A0 (en)
FI (1) FI76066C (en)
IL (1) IL69859A (en)
NO (1) NO158375C (en)
SG (1) SG80491G (en)
ZA (1) ZA837647B (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0357412A2 (en) * 1988-09-01 1990-03-07 Astra Holdings Plc Smoke producing article
US5094168A (en) * 1990-05-25 1992-03-10 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Camouflage and deception arrangement
WO1995005572A1 (en) * 1993-08-19 1995-02-23 Buck Werke Gmbh & Co. Adaptation of the infra-red signature of a decoy target, and flare composition used for this purpose
WO2000058237A1 (en) * 1999-03-27 2000-10-05 Piepenbrock Pyrotechnik Gmbh Pyrotechnic active mass for producing an aerosol highly emissive in the infrared spectrum and impenetrable in the visible spectrum
US6484640B1 (en) 1999-03-27 2002-11-26 Pepete Gmbh Method of producing a screening smoke with one-way transparency in the infrared spectrum
DE10152023B4 (en) * 2001-10-22 2005-06-16 Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh Shock insensitive smoke projectiles
DE10308307B4 (en) * 2003-02-26 2007-01-04 Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh Projectile and submunition with preload body
CN107021865A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-08-08 北京理工大学 May interfere with visible ray, infrared and millimeter wave wide-band Smoke Material

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19601506C2 (en) * 1996-01-17 2000-05-18 Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh Method and device for generating a visual barrier using an artificial fog
JP4969841B2 (en) * 2005-01-19 2012-07-04 日本工機株式会社 Infrared shielding fuming composition
JP4969842B2 (en) * 2005-12-09 2012-07-04 日本工機株式会社 Red phosphorus fuming composition and method for producing the same

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE378780C (en) * 1922-05-03 1923-08-01 Harry James Nichols Smoke generator
GB1454258A (en) * 1972-08-23 1976-11-03 Secr Defence Smoke generating compositions
EP0037515A2 (en) * 1980-03-29 1981-10-14 Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG Composite smoke cloud

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE378780C (en) * 1922-05-03 1923-08-01 Harry James Nichols Smoke generator
GB1454258A (en) * 1972-08-23 1976-11-03 Secr Defence Smoke generating compositions
EP0037515A2 (en) * 1980-03-29 1981-10-14 Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG Composite smoke cloud

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0357412A2 (en) * 1988-09-01 1990-03-07 Astra Holdings Plc Smoke producing article
EP0357412A3 (en) * 1988-09-01 1992-03-18 Astra Holdings Plc Smoke producing article
US5094168A (en) * 1990-05-25 1992-03-10 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Camouflage and deception arrangement
WO1995005572A1 (en) * 1993-08-19 1995-02-23 Buck Werke Gmbh & Co. Adaptation of the infra-red signature of a decoy target, and flare composition used for this purpose
WO2000058237A1 (en) * 1999-03-27 2000-10-05 Piepenbrock Pyrotechnik Gmbh Pyrotechnic active mass for producing an aerosol highly emissive in the infrared spectrum and impenetrable in the visible spectrum
US6484640B1 (en) 1999-03-27 2002-11-26 Pepete Gmbh Method of producing a screening smoke with one-way transparency in the infrared spectrum
US6581520B1 (en) 1999-03-27 2003-06-24 Pepete Gmbh Pyrotechnic active mass for producing an aerosol highly emissive in the infrared spectrum and inpenetrable in the visible spectrum
DE10152023B4 (en) * 2001-10-22 2005-06-16 Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh Shock insensitive smoke projectiles
DE10308307B4 (en) * 2003-02-26 2007-01-04 Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh Projectile and submunition with preload body
CN107021865A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-08-08 北京理工大学 May interfere with visible ray, infrared and millimeter wave wide-band Smoke Material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS59131592A (en) 1984-07-28
FI76066C (en) 1988-09-09
AR231962A1 (en) 1985-04-30
DK426783A (en) 1984-04-17
ES8602564A1 (en) 1985-12-01
KR840006473A (en) 1984-11-30
DK164665B (en) 1992-07-27
FI833595A (en) 1984-04-17
SG80491G (en) 1991-11-15
KR910000506B1 (en) 1991-01-26
FI833595A0 (en) 1983-10-04
EP0106334B1 (en) 1989-01-18
ES526488A0 (en) 1985-12-01
CA1237581A (en) 1988-06-07
NO833739L (en) 1984-04-17
FI76066B (en) 1988-05-31
NO158375B (en) 1988-05-24
DE3378977D1 (en) 1989-02-23
DE3238444A1 (en) 1984-08-02
DE3238444C2 (en) 1986-10-30
EP0106334A3 (en) 1985-12-04
ATE40101T1 (en) 1989-02-15
NO158375C (en) 1988-08-31
DK164665C (en) 1992-12-14
JPS6042194B2 (en) 1985-09-20
DK426783D0 (en) 1983-09-19
ZA837647B (en) 1984-07-25
IL69859A (en) 1989-01-31

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE3326884C2 (en) Process for masking visible and infrared radiation and mist ammunition to carry out this process
EP1173394B9 (en) Pyrotechnic active mass for producing an aerosol highly emissive in the infrared spectrum and impenetrable in the visible spectrum
DE4244682B4 (en) High-intensity pyrotechnic infrared drone
DE3031369C2 (en) Pyrotechnic charge consisting of a smoke composition and an ignition charge and a method for producing the mist mixture and the ignition charge
DE19914780C2 (en) Pyrotechnic aerosol-forming composition for extinguishing fires and process for their manufacture
EP0106334B1 (en) Pyrotechnical smoke generating charge
DE3238455A1 (en) FOGGED BODY
DE4030430C1 (en) Compsn. for generating IR-opaque smoke, esp. for camouflage - contains magnesium@ powder, fluoro:polymer, chloro:paraffin and aromatic cpd., esp. anthracene, phthalic anhydride, 2-benzoyl-pyridine etc.
DE3326883C2 (en) Pyrotechnic smoke or mist forming composition and its use
DE2819850C2 (en) Pyrotechnic smoke kit
EP1173395B1 (en) Pyrotechnic smoke screen units for producing an aerosol impenetrable in the visible, infrared and millimetric wave range
EP2468700B1 (en) Pyrotechnic decoy material for infra-red decoys
DE2556256A1 (en) Aromatic hydrocarbon modified pyrotechnic smoke compsn. - to produce smoke impenetrable by visible and infrared radiation
EP0639547B1 (en) Composition for the production of smoke opaque to infrared radiation
DE2754855C2 (en) Process for improving the pressure dependency of the combustion behavior of solid propellants or gun propellants and use of the propellants produced by the process
DE10164381B4 (en) Low-signature and low-emission, pyrotechnic presentation body
DE102013003172B4 (en) Explosives active substance, their use and combat ammunition
DD301407A7 (en) Mixture for the production of camouflage nebulas, preferably for the Ir range
DE1646269A1 (en) explosive
DE10138745A1 (en) Surface flare, useful to generate an artificial target for the defense of infrared controlled steering flight body, comprises a carrier foil and a pyrotechnical active mass, where a part of the foil is formed from a propellant powder
EP0284651A1 (en) Flare
DE1696495B1 (en) Fogging mass
DE2831074A1 (en) Ammonium nitrate explosive compsn. - contg. di:nitro:toluene, aluminium, carbon and guar flour, is susceptible to detonation by percussion (pt 24.7.79)
DE102004018861A1 (en) Pyrotechnic composition containing poly-carbon-difluoroamine as oxidising agent, used in infrared decoy devices such as flares for defence against heat-seeking anti-aircraft missiles

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19851023

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19860820

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO MILANO S.P.A.

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 40101

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19890215

Kind code of ref document: T

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3378977

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19890223

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PFA

Free format text: PIEPENBROCK PYROTECHNIK GMBH

ITPR It: changes in ownership of a european patent

Owner name: CESSIONE;PIEPENBROCK PYROTECHNIK GMBH

NLT1 Nl: modifications of names registered in virtue of documents presented to the patent office pursuant to art. 16 a, paragraph 1

Owner name: FEISTEL PYROTECHNIK GMBH + CO. KG TE GOELLHEIM, BO

NLS Nl: assignments of ep-patents

Owner name: PIEPENBROCK PYROTECHNIK GMBH TE GOELLHEIM, BONDSRE

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: CD

EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19941001

Year of fee payment: 12

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 83110260.3

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19951014

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19960810

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19961021

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19961021

Year of fee payment: 14

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19961021

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19961029

Year of fee payment: 14

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19971014

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19971015

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19971031

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19971031

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: PIEPENBROCK PYROTECHNIK G.M.B.H.

Effective date: 19971031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980501

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19980501

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 83110260.3

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20020920

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20021023

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20021223

Year of fee payment: 20

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20031013

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20031013

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20031013

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: PE20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL