EP0106210A1 - Katalytische Vorrichtung für einen Ofen zum Härten einer Oberflächenbekleidung - Google Patents

Katalytische Vorrichtung für einen Ofen zum Härten einer Oberflächenbekleidung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0106210A1
EP0106210A1 EP83109449A EP83109449A EP0106210A1 EP 0106210 A1 EP0106210 A1 EP 0106210A1 EP 83109449 A EP83109449 A EP 83109449A EP 83109449 A EP83109449 A EP 83109449A EP 0106210 A1 EP0106210 A1 EP 0106210A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
inlet
housing
per square
fumes
members
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP83109449A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
William Raymond Weir
Gerald Ledon Brewer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honeywell UOP LLC
Original Assignee
UOP LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UOP LLC filed Critical UOP LLC
Publication of EP0106210A1 publication Critical patent/EP0106210A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
    • B01J19/2485—Monolithic reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02—Heating arrangements using combustion heating
    • F26B23/022—Heating arrangements using combustion heating incinerating volatiles in the dryer exhaust gases, the produced hot gases being wholly, partly or not recycled into the drying enclosure
    • F26B23/024—Heating arrangements using combustion heating incinerating volatiles in the dryer exhaust gases, the produced hot gases being wholly, partly or not recycled into the drying enclosure by means of catalytic oxidation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/02—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles
    • B01J2208/021—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles comprising a plurality of beds with flow of reactants in parallel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to catalysts of the type placed, since the mid-1950's, in oven heaters to burn and/or oxidize the combustible hydrocarbon solvents being vaporized from the surface coatings that are cured in the ovens.
  • oven heaters have been used extensively in the automotive industry to cure paints and primers applied to automobile bodies and parts.
  • the catalysts provided heat for recovery to the process as well as decontamination of the process atmosphere and its exhaust. They also prevented condensate from forming in the cooler outside containment areas of the ovens.
  • the mat type catalyst form originally used acted as an impingement filter and the active surfaces became coated and fouled with solids. Covered catalytic surfaces cannot perform the function of oxidizing the vaporized combustible hydrocarbon solvents.
  • diffusion type catalysts were developed to overcome this problem.
  • the active catalyst surfaces were oriented parallel and not perpendicular to the flow of the gases. Thus the vapors could diffuse to the active surfaces and a particle would not impinge upon the surfaces.
  • the diffusion structure development involved a fabricated part that resembled a honeycomb or corrugated matrix. Since its ratio of geometric surface area to volume was about the same in comparison to the mat catalysts, but unit resistance to flow was lower, designs evolved that presented less facial area to the flow but had much greater depths. This also increased the residence time of the gases in the catalyst, but, since the fabricated cell size was rather.large, it imposed no great penalty in terms of resistance to flow.
  • honeycomb materials offered many advantages over fabricated metal forms and this was the predominate material utilized.
  • thousands of these catalysts were installed during the ensuing years, the primary application being in heaters for ovens curing the paint on automobile bodies and parts.
  • Cell sizes in the range of 50 to 120 per square inch of face area (0.08 to 0.19 per square millimeter) became common, and the element was usually built up with 9 to 12, 1" thick layers (25.4 mn) which have a flow face about 12" square (0.019 mm 2 ).
  • Another object is to provide such an apparatus which uses less ceramic substrate and less catalyst than normally used.
  • Yet another object is to provide such an apparatus which will reduce the possibility of particulate matter being returned to the atmosphere.
  • a pair of generally rectangular, catalyst coated monolith members are arranged in a V-shaped configuration with the base of the "V" in the center of the inlet opening of the housing and with the upper ends of the "V” located at the downstream end of the housing.
  • a metal frame around each of the monolith members is welded to a flow deflector element at the inlet end of the housing and to the outer walls of the housing near the outlet end.
  • the angle of the "V” is preferably in the range of about 20° to 90° and, since the housing has a rectangular cross-section, the angle formed between each monolith and the outer housing wall is about 50% of the included angle of the "V".
  • the V arrangement permits the facial area of the catalyst exposed to the gas flow to be increased by an amount which is limited only by the depth of the frame and the thickness of the monolith. This increase in facial area lowers the velocity of the gases passing through the catalyst, while maintaining similar space velocities, defined as the volumetric ratio between gas flow and the catalyst and reaction or residence time within the catalyst. This is true even though the actual catalyst bed depth is less, and is accompanied by a decrease in the resistance to the flow of the gases through the catalyst.
  • the stainless steel frame design using diagonal channels for edge seal and support of the monolith, provides good structural integrity.
  • the stainless sheet material is selected for its high creep strength at temperature and resistance to surface oxidation, enabling it to be reloaded and reused for subsequent catalyst service.
  • the catalyst Since there is an exothermic reaction occurring on the catalyst when oxidizing the combustible vapors, the catalyst operates at a higher temperature than the gases passing through it. On the gas discharge side of the catalyst the opposing faces radiate heat toward each other while on the gas entry side, the radiation is reflected back from the bright surface of the stainless steel. The effect is to create a high radiant energy zone both before and after the catalyst. This promotes heat transfer, vaporization and oxidation of any particulates such as paint solids that may be present by exposing them at temperature for a longer period of time.
  • Entry side faces of the monolith catalyst elements are protected by a deflector plate. That portion of the fume stream that does not directly enter the high temperature catalyst entry zone, impinges on the deflector plate and is directed toward the catalyst entry. The deflected flow collides with the direct fume stream and particulate is directed toward the side wall of the frame. Residence time at high temperature is increased for the particulate and it is more likely to vaporize and burn rather than impinge upon and plug the monolith catalyst.
  • Effective performance will reach a flow limitation when the exit face included angle is below 20°. Similarly, radiation wiping of the entire entry and exit fume stream will reach diminishing returns at exit face included angles above 90°.
  • this invention comprises a catalytic apparatus for decontaminating the process atmosphere in an oven for baking a surface applied coating.
  • the apparatus comprises a housing having an inlet end which is substantially entirely open for receiving particulate laden fumes and combustible hydrocarbon solvents, and an outlet end.
  • the housing has mounted in it a pair of extruded, catalyst coated monolithic ceramic members. These monolithic members have honeycomb channels therethrough and a cell density of at least 200 cells per square inch (0.31 cells per square millimeter).
  • the monolithic members are generally flat and of rectangular shape on their inlet and outlet surfaces and angularly mounted so that their outlet surfaces are at an included angle in the range of 20° to 90°.
  • the monolithic members are disposed adjacent to each other at the inlet end of the housing and are considerably displaced from each other at the outlet end of the housing.
  • Deflector means for deflecting fumes entering the central area of the inlet end of the housing are located in the space between the inlet end portions of the monolithic members.
  • the fumes are directed into inlet plenum areas adjacent the inlet surfaces of the monolithic members and intersect with fumes passing axially of the housing inlet into said inlet plenum areas.
  • the inner walls of the housing defining the inlet plenum areas are of a heat reflective nature so as to reflect heat generated by the inlet surfaces of the monolithic members back against the surfaces.
  • the inlet surfaces of each of the monolithic members have an included angle with an adjacent inner wall of the inlet plenum at their downstream ends which is about 50% of the aforesaid included angle between the outlet surfaces.
  • the catalyst apparatus indicated generally at 10 includes a pair of monolithic.catalyst impregnated elements 11, 12 which are mounted in channel-like frames 14, 16 which are welded to the side walls 18 and the top and bottom walls 20 of housing 22 by weld heads 24.
  • the general direction of gas flow through the apparatus is indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1.
  • the gases which are sucked through the apparatus 10 by a downstream fan enter the inlet plenum 28, pass through the axial openings 30 in the monoliths 11, 12, and pass out of the outlet plenum 34. More specifically, as seen by the arrows in Fig. 2, the gases entering in the vicinity of the outside walls 18 tend to move in a relatively straight path.
  • the monolith elements 11, 12 are shown in Fig. 2 as being positioned in a V-shaped configuration to form the outlet plenum 34 and the inlet plenums 28.
  • the exit included angleo ⁇ is shown as being 32° for the particular housing and monolith dimensions shown. However, other angles could be used which would be small enough to allow a radiant heat zone to be formed by heat reflected between the exit surfaces of the monoliths but not so small that the outward flow of gases would be unduly impeded. An angle range for ⁇ of 20° to 90° appears to be suitable.
  • the angle ⁇ in the inlet plenums is 50% of the angle ⁇ . If this angle were too large, the gases would impinge directly on the ends of the channels and could produce plugging.
  • the radiant heat zone created in the inlet plenum between the hot monolith inlet surfaces and the stainless steel housing walls 18 would not be as effective in vaporizing particulates or hydrocarbon solvents before they reach the monoliths.
  • the radiant heat zones formed in the plenums 28 and 34 are quite important in permitting monoliths having 200 or more openings 30 per square inch to be utilized (0.31 or more openings 30 per square millimeter).
  • the gases entering the plenum 28 are at a temperature of 650° to 850°F (340 to 430°) while those leaving plenum 34 are at 800° to 1100°F (430°C to 590 0 C).
  • An average entering and exiting temperature might be 750°F and 900 0 F (400°C and 480 0 C).
  • the increase of course is produced by the burning off of the hydrocarbon solvents and particulates in the catalyst elements and in the inlet and outlet plenums.
  • the deflector plates 38 are shown to be mounted at an angle of about 14° to an imaginary plane drawn normal to the axis of the housing 22. To keep the housing depth to a minimum and still achieve effective mixing of the gases, the angle should be in the range of about 10° to 15°.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
EP83109449A 1982-09-30 1983-09-22 Katalytische Vorrichtung für einen Ofen zum Härten einer Oberflächenbekleidung Ceased EP0106210A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US42933882A 1982-09-30 1982-09-30
US429338 1982-09-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0106210A1 true EP0106210A1 (de) 1984-04-25

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ID=23702817

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83109449A Ceased EP0106210A1 (de) 1982-09-30 1983-09-22 Katalytische Vorrichtung für einen Ofen zum Härten einer Oberflächenbekleidung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0106210A1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5974829U (de)
ES (1) ES8601717A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2616357A1 (fr) * 1987-05-22 1988-12-16 Veber Julia Dispositif epurateur de rejets de ventilation

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2198536A5 (de) * 1972-08-31 1974-03-29 Knapsack Ag
US3925252A (en) * 1971-11-05 1975-12-09 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Catalyzer apparatus and method for the production thereof
FR2422029A1 (fr) * 1978-04-08 1979-11-02 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Dispositif d'epuration des gaz d'echappement des moteurs a combustion interne

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3925252A (en) * 1971-11-05 1975-12-09 Toyota Motor Co Ltd Catalyzer apparatus and method for the production thereof
FR2198536A5 (de) * 1972-08-31 1974-03-29 Knapsack Ag
FR2422029A1 (fr) * 1978-04-08 1979-11-02 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd Dispositif d'epuration des gaz d'echappement des moteurs a combustion interne

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2616357A1 (fr) * 1987-05-22 1988-12-16 Veber Julia Dispositif epurateur de rejets de ventilation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES526090A0 (es) 1985-04-01
JPS5974829U (ja) 1984-05-21
ES8601717A1 (es) 1985-04-01

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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Effective date: 19840409

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Effective date: 19851209

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: WEIR, WILLIAM RAYMOND

Inventor name: BREWER, GERALD LEDON