EP0105026B1 - Method of producing a can lid - Google Patents

Method of producing a can lid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0105026B1
EP0105026B1 EP83810353A EP83810353A EP0105026B1 EP 0105026 B1 EP0105026 B1 EP 0105026B1 EP 83810353 A EP83810353 A EP 83810353A EP 83810353 A EP83810353 A EP 83810353A EP 0105026 B1 EP0105026 B1 EP 0105026B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sealing
lid
closure strip
strip
die
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83810353A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0105026A1 (en
Inventor
Siegfried Bloeck
Oldrich Stanek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcan Holdings Switzerland AG
Original Assignee
Schweizerische Aluminium AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schweizerische Aluminium AG filed Critical Schweizerische Aluminium AG
Priority to AT83810353T priority Critical patent/ATE21055T1/en
Publication of EP0105026A1 publication Critical patent/EP0105026A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0105026B1 publication Critical patent/EP0105026B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/38—Making inlet or outlet arrangements of cans, tins, baths, bottles, or other vessels; Making can ends; Making closures
    • B21D51/44—Making closures, e.g. caps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D17/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions
    • B65D17/50—Non-integral frangible members applied to, or inserted in, preformed openings, e.g. tearable strips or plastic plugs
    • B65D17/501—Flexible tape or foil-like material
    • B65D17/502—Flexible tape or foil-like material applied to the external part of the container wall only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
    • B65D2517/0001—Details
    • B65D2517/0058—Other details of container end panel
    • B65D2517/0089—Unusual details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
    • B65D2517/50—Non-integral frangible members applied to, or inserted in, a preformed opening
    • B65D2517/5002—Details of flexible tape or foil-like material
    • B65D2517/5024—Material
    • B65D2517/5032—Laminated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
    • B65D2517/50—Non-integral frangible members applied to, or inserted in, a preformed opening
    • B65D2517/5002—Details of flexible tape or foil-like material
    • B65D2517/5037—Unusual details
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/15—Sheet, web, or layer weakened to permit separation through thickness

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Table Equipment (AREA)
  • Containers Opened By Tearing Frangible Portions (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Closing Of Containers (AREA)

Abstract

A process for manufacturing a lid having at least one outlet opening wherein a closure strip is sealed onto the lid covering the outlet opening comprising heating the closure strip to a temperature range of approximately 115 DEG -170 DEG C. within 10-15 seconds prior to sealing the closure strip onto the lid.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines zumindest auf seiner Aussenfläche beschichteten Dosendeckels gemäß Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Es wird hierbei von einem Stand der Technik nach der DE-A-2 519 709 ausgegangen. Der Verschlußstreifen ist hierbei mit einer Polypropylenschicht versehen, die über ein Klebematerial den Verschlußstreifen mit dem Dosendeckel verbindet.The invention relates to a method for producing a can lid coated at least on its outer surface according to the preamble of claim 1. This is based on a prior art according to DE-A-2 519 709. The sealing strip is provided with a polypropylene layer that connects the sealing strip to the can lid via an adhesive material.

Getränkedosen werden heute in der Regel aus Weissblech, zinnfreiem Stahl (tin free steel) oder Aluminium einstückig hergestellt und nach Füllen mit einem gewünschten Inhalt durch einen Deckel ebenfalls aus den o. g. Werkstoffen verschlossen. In diese Deckel wird in einem vorgeschalteten Arbeisgang eine Ausgiessöffnung beispielsweise gestanzt und mit einem Verschlussstreifen wieder abgedeckt. Der Dekkel weist eine Beschichtung mit einer Lackschicht, beispielsweise einem Phenol-Epoxyharz, auf, der Verschlussstreifen, z. B. aus einem Aluminiumdünnband, eine Beschichtung aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, beispielsweise einem Polyamid. Der Deckel wird auf ein vorgewärmtes Untersiegelwerkzeug gelegt und der Verschlussstreifen durch ein ebenfalls erwärmtes oberes Siegelwerkzeug um die Ausgiessöffnung durch Aufschmelzen der Polyamid-Siegelschicht aufgesiegelt.Today, beverage cans are generally made in one piece from tinplate, tin-free steel or aluminum, and after filling with a desired content through a lid, also from the above-mentioned. Materials closed. A pouring opening, for example, is punched into these lids in an upstream working aisle and covered again with a sealing strip. The lid has a coating with a lacquer layer, for example a phenol epoxy resin, the sealing strips, e.g. B. from an aluminum thin strip, a coating of a thermoplastic material, such as a polyamide. The lid is placed on a preheated under-sealing tool and the sealing strip is sealed around the pouring opening by a likewise heated upper sealing tool by melting the polyamide sealing layer.

Da insbesondere die Haftfestigkeit der Siegelschicht auf der lackierten Deckeloberfläche für die Verwendung der Dose von erheblicher Bedeutung ist, muss diesem Merkmal wesentliche Beachtung geschenkt werden. Die Haftfestigkeit bzw. Beständigkeit wird insbesondere beeinflusst durch

  • - die Positionierung des Deckels in der Siegelstation,
  • - die Planheit der Bereiche um die Ausgiessöffnung,
  • - die Druckverteilung beim Siegeln,
  • - die Siegelnahtdicke und Siegeinahtbreite,
  • - die Temperaturen des unteren und des oberen Siegelwerkzeuges,
  • - die Falzbedingungen der Deckel,
  • - die mögliche Höhe eines Innendruckes in einer geshclossenen Dose,
  • - die Lagerungstemperatur der gefüllten Dose,
  • - den Kopfraum der gefüllten Dose,
  • - Einbrennbedingungen des Aussenlackes der Dosendeckel od. dgl.
Since the adhesive strength of the sealing layer on the painted lid surface is of particular importance for the use of the can, this feature must be given careful attention. The adhesive strength or resistance is influenced in particular by
  • - the positioning of the lid in the sealing station,
  • - the flatness of the areas around the pouring opening,
  • - the pressure distribution when sealing,
  • - the sealing seam thickness and sealing seam width,
  • - the temperatures of the lower and the upper sealing tool,
  • - the folding conditions of the lids,
  • - the possible amount of internal pressure in a closed can,
  • - the storage temperature of the filled can,
  • - the headspace of the filled can,
  • - stoving conditions of the exterior paint of the can lid or the like.

Insbesondere bei Getränkedosen für e02-haltige Getränke genügt ein einfaches Aufsiegeln des Verschlussstreifens für eine Langzeitlagerung bei Berücksichtigung der obengenannten ; die Haftfestigkeit beeinflussenden Faktoren nicht.In particular in the case of beverage cans for drinks containing e0 2 , simply sealing the sealing strip for long-term storage is sufficient, taking into account the above; factors influencing the adhesive strength are not.

Bei diesen Dosen muss die Sieglenaht einen Innendurck von über 4 bar und Temperaturen von über 30 °C über längere Zeiträume aushalten.With these cans, the sealing seam must withstand an internal pressure of over 4 bar and temperatures of over 30 ° C for longer periods.

Zur Verbesserung der Haftfestigkeit wurde daher vorgeschlagen, nach dem Aufsiegeln des Verschlussstreifens auf den Dosendeckel diesen bis zum Aufschmelzen des Polyamids zu erwärmen und anschliessen wieder abzukühlen. Das Erwärmen geschieht dabei in einem Temperaturbereich von 175-300 °C, wobei sich die Zeitdauer der Wärmeeinwirkung nach der Höhe der angewendeten Temperatur richtet. Dabei hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, dass in der Siegelnaht beim Nachsmelzen Blasen auftreten, welche die Wirksamkeit der Siegelnaht erheblich beeinträchtigen, wenn nicht sogar, je nach ihrer Vielzahl, aufheben.To improve the adhesive strength, it has therefore been proposed to heat the sealing strip to the can lid and then cool it down again until the polyamide has melted. The heating takes place in a temperature range of 175-300 ° C, the duration of the heat depending on the level of the temperature used. It has been found, however, that bubbles occur in the sealing seam during remelting, which significantly impair, if not cancel out, the effectiveness of the sealing seam, depending on the number thereof.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Verfahren der obengenannten Art zu entwickeln bei welchem die Blasenbildung vermieden, die Lagerbeständigkeit erhöht und die Haftfestigkeit von Verschlussstreifen zu Deckel verbessert wird.It is an object of the invention to develop a method of the type mentioned above in which the formation of bubbles is avoided, the shelf life is increased and the adhesive strength from the closure strip to the lid is improved.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1, wobei eine Weiterbildung Gegenstand von Anspruch 2 ist.This object is achieved with the features of claim 1, a further development being the subject of claim 2.

Bei diesem Verfahren hat sich überraschenderweise gezeigt, dass beim Nachschmelzen keinerlei Blasen auftraten. Durch die Erwärmung des Verschlussstreifens wird ein verdampfbarer und damit blasenbildender Stoff von der Oberfläche oder aus dem Inneren der siegelfähigen Schicht entfernt, welcher zumindest zum Teil aus einem Wasserfilm od. dgl. bestehen dürfte.This method has surprisingly shown that no bubbles occurred during the remelting. By heating the sealing strip, an evaporable and thus bubble-forming substance is removed from the surface or from the inside of the sealable layer, which substance should at least partially consist of a water film or the like.

Die Erwärmung des Verschlussstreifens bzw. des Bandes, muss kurz vor dem Aufsiegeln erfolgen, damit sich der verdampfbare und damit blasenbildende Stoff auf der Siegelschicht nicht wieder einstellen kann. Bei Versuchen hat sich hierbei eine Zeitspanne von 10 bis 15 Sek. als genügend erwiesen. Dementsprechend sollte die Erwarmeinrichtung, beispielsweise ein Infrarotstrahler, unmittelbar vor dem Siegelwerkzeug bzw. einer den Verschlussstreifen herausstanzenden Einrichtung angeordnet sein.The sealing strip or tape must be heated shortly before it is sealed so that the vaporizable and thus bubble-forming substance cannot reappear on the sealing layer. In experiments, a time period of 10 to 15 seconds has proven to be sufficient. Accordingly, the heating device, for example an infrared radiator, should be arranged directly in front of the sealing tool or a device punching out the sealing strip.

Beispielexample

Auf einen beidseits lackierten Deckel aus zinnfreiem Stahl (tin free steel) wird ein mit einer Polyamidschicht versehenes Aluminium-Dünnband auf eine Ausgiessöffnung aufgesiegelt. Die Temperatur des oberen Siegelwerkzeuges beträgt 250 °C, die des unteren 170 °C. Der spezifische Siegeldruck liegt bei 2000 N/cm2. Vor dem Aufsiegeln durchläuft das Aluminium-Dünnband einen auf 170 °C vorerwärmten Umluftofen.An aluminum thin strip with a polyamide layer is sealed onto a pouring opening on a lid made of tin-free steel, which is coated on both sides. The temperature of the upper sealing tool is 250 ° C, that of the lower 170 ° C. The specific sealing pressure is 2000 N / cm 2 . Before sealing, the aluminum thin strip passes through a convection oven preheated to 170 ° C.

Eine Versuchsreihe mit diesen Siegelbedingungen, jedoch unterschliedlicher Verweilzeit des Bandes im Umluftofen sowie unterschiedlicher Wartezeit zwischen dem Herausnehmen des Bandes aus dem Umluftofen und dem Aufsiegelvorgang, ergab folgende Ergebnisse bezuglich der Blasenbildung beim Nachschmelzen :

Figure imgb0001
A series of tests with these sealing conditions, but with the tape remaining in the forced-air oven for a different period of time, and different waiting times between removing the tape from the forced-air oven and the sealing process, gave the following results with regard to the formation of bubbles during remelting:
Figure imgb0001

Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Vorerwärmung des Bandes innerhalb von etwa 10 sec genügt, um die Blasenbildung auszuschalten. In dieser Zeit erreicht das Band in dem Vorwärmofen eine Temperatur von etwa 115 bis 120 °C. Die Wartezeit zwischen dem Vorwärmen und dem Aufsiegeln soll 30 sec nicht übersteigen. Welche Dauer der Vorerwärmung und welche Temperatur im Umluftofen gewählt wird, hänt von den Produktionsbedingungen ab. Jedenfalls ist die Grenze durch das Bandmaterial selbst gesetzt, da sich ein Band, welches z. B. 1 Min. bei 170 °C erwärmt wurde, nicht mehr einwandfrei siegeln lässt.These results show that preheating the tape within about 10 seconds is sufficient to eliminate blistering. During this time, the strip in the preheating furnace reaches a temperature of approximately 115 to 120 ° C. The waiting time between preheating and sealing should not exceed 30 seconds. Which duration of preheating and which temperature is selected in the convection oven depends on the production conditions. In any case, the limit is set by the tape material itself, since a tape which, for. B. was heated for 1 min at 170 ° C, can no longer seal properly.

Ueberraschenderweise zeigt sich, dass derart vorerwärmte Bänder den sogenannten Impact-Test nach Gardner (Belastung 3 inchpound) auch ohne einen besonderen Nachschmelzvorgang überstehen.Surprisingly, it can be seen that belts preheated in this way pass the so-called Gardner Impact Test (3 inchpound load) even without a special remelting process.

In einem Nachschmelzvorgang können die nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren hergestellten Siegelnähte selbst bei Temperaturen von über 210 °C bei einer Erwärmungszeit von 1 Min blasenfrei aufgeschmolzen werden.In a remelting process, the sealed seams produced by the process according to the invention can be melted free of bubbles even at temperatures of over 210 ° C. with a heating time of 1 minute.

Claims (2)

1. Method for the production of a can lid coated at least on its outer surface, with at least one pouring opening, in which an at least two-part closure strip provided with a sealable coating and covering the pouring opening is sealed on to the outer surface and in which the closure strip is heated before application, characterised in that a polyamide serves as sealable coating, in that the closure strip is pre-heated within 10 to 15 sec. to a temperature range of about 115 to 170 °C and in that the sealing-on of the closure strip takes place at the latest 30 sec. after the pre-heating.
2. Method according to Claim 1, in which the closure strip is shaped out of a band or the like coated with a sealable material, characterised in that the band is pre-heated before the shaping-out of the closure strip.
EP83810353A 1982-09-02 1983-08-10 Method of producing a can lid Expired EP0105026B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83810353T ATE21055T1 (en) 1982-09-02 1983-08-10 PROCESS FOR MAKING A CAN LID.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5218/82 1982-09-02
CH521882 1982-09-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0105026A1 EP0105026A1 (en) 1984-04-04
EP0105026B1 true EP0105026B1 (en) 1986-07-30

Family

ID=4289923

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83810353A Expired EP0105026B1 (en) 1982-09-02 1983-08-10 Method of producing a can lid

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4529468A (en)
EP (1) EP0105026B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5964130A (en)
AT (1) ATE21055T1 (en)
AU (1) AU565283B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1225974A (en)
DE (2) DE3233106C2 (en)
DK (1) DK155694C (en)
ES (1) ES525294A0 (en)
NO (1) NO155382C (en)
ZA (1) ZA835907B (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4762579A (en) * 1985-12-03 1988-08-09 Toyo Seikan Kaisha, Ltd. Process for producing easily openable closure
CH673696A5 (en) * 1987-03-16 1990-03-30 Meta Fer Holding S A Societe A
DE10108009A1 (en) * 2001-02-20 2002-08-29 Schmalbach Lubeca lid cover
USD637489S1 (en) 2010-12-10 2011-05-10 Pactiv Corporation Pull grip feature of a container lid
USD638704S1 (en) 2010-12-10 2011-05-31 Pactiv Corporation Container lid

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH266427A (en) * 1946-12-23 1950-01-31 Wicanders Korkfabriker Ab Process for the production of bottle caps by punching out sheet metal strips and a device for carrying out this process.
US3292828A (en) * 1964-09-17 1966-12-20 Nat Can Corp Easy opening can end
US3380622A (en) * 1966-12-15 1968-04-30 Procter & Gamble Method and material for hermetically sealing containers
NL6804634A (en) * 1968-04-02 1969-10-06
GB1361653A (en) * 1970-10-21 1974-07-30 Dynamit Nobel Ag Use of hot melt adhesives in bonding sheet materials
JPS5037690B2 (en) * 1971-08-04 1975-12-04
US4004530A (en) * 1973-05-29 1977-01-25 Continental Can Company, Inc. Method for making an easy opening end closure for a container
US4029033A (en) * 1974-09-18 1977-06-14 The Continental Group, Inc. Convenience opening of containers for liquid products
DE2519709B2 (en) * 1974-09-18 1979-07-12 The Continental Group, Inc., New York, N.Y. (V.St.A.) opening device on a cover, in particular made of metal, and a method for its production
CH629983A5 (en) * 1978-06-06 1982-05-28 Alusuisse METHOD FOR PRODUCING LID RINGS FOR CAN CAN.
DE2908397A1 (en) * 1979-03-03 1980-09-04 Akerlund & Rausing Ab METHOD FOR CLOSING A CARTON CONTAINER AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD
CH641109A5 (en) * 1979-10-16 1984-02-15 Alusuisse PRESSURE RESISTANT LID FOR BEVERAGE CAN.
JPS601216B2 (en) * 1981-03-02 1985-01-12 東洋製罐株式会社 Easy-open container lid and manufacturing method thereof
CH653929A5 (en) * 1981-05-07 1986-01-31 Alusuisse METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CAN LID WITH AT LEAST ONE POUR HOLE CLOSED BY A SEALED SEALING STRIP.
CH653305A5 (en) * 1982-03-05 1985-12-31 Alusuisse PROCESS FOR MAKING A CAN LID.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO155382C (en) 1987-03-25
DE3364947D1 (en) 1986-09-04
DK155694B (en) 1989-05-01
ZA835907B (en) 1984-04-25
CA1225974A (en) 1987-08-25
NO155382B (en) 1986-12-15
DK397783A (en) 1984-03-03
DK155694C (en) 1989-09-25
NO833121L (en) 1984-03-05
JPS5964130A (en) 1984-04-12
ES8407313A1 (en) 1984-10-01
ATE21055T1 (en) 1986-08-15
AU1789383A (en) 1984-03-08
DE3233106A1 (en) 1984-03-08
US4529468A (en) 1985-07-16
ES525294A0 (en) 1984-10-01
EP0105026A1 (en) 1984-04-04
JPH0353057B2 (en) 1991-08-13
DE3233106C2 (en) 1986-01-09
DK397783D0 (en) 1983-09-01
AU565283B2 (en) 1987-09-10

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