EP0103002B1 - Pallet - Google Patents

Pallet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0103002B1
EP0103002B1 EP83900990A EP83900990A EP0103002B1 EP 0103002 B1 EP0103002 B1 EP 0103002B1 EP 83900990 A EP83900990 A EP 83900990A EP 83900990 A EP83900990 A EP 83900990A EP 0103002 B1 EP0103002 B1 EP 0103002B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base members
pallet
tubes
holes
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83900990A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0103002A1 (en
Inventor
Bertil Voss-Schrader
Fred Atterby
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT83900990T priority Critical patent/ATE25643T1/de
Publication of EP0103002A1 publication Critical patent/EP0103002A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0103002B1 publication Critical patent/EP0103002B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
    • B65D19/0053—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0077—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0089—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element
    • B65D19/0093—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0097—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces the base surface being made of more than one element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a discrete foot-like shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00024—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00029—Wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00034—Plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
    • B65D2519/00059—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
    • B65D2519/00064—Wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
    • B65D2519/00069—Plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00293—Overall construction of the load supporting surface made of more than one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00298—Overall construction of the load supporting surface skeleton type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00323—Overall construction of the base surface made of more than one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
    • B65D2519/00333—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a stringer-like shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
    • B65D2519/00562—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements chemical connection, e.g. glued, welded, sealed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00547—Connections
    • B65D2519/00552—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer
    • B65D2519/00557—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements
    • B65D2519/00567—Structures connecting the constitutive elements of the pallet to each other, i.e. load supporting surface, base surface and/or separate spacer without separate auxiliary elements mechanical connection, e.g. snap-fitted

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pallet, more particularly to a pallet which can be thrown away or disposed of after use.
  • Pallets of a standardized format are nowadays used extensively for transport and storage of all types of goods.
  • Such pallets are usually manufactured from unplaned boards and blocks.
  • Such pallets have the disadvantage of being heavy and difficult to handle and are also cost-demanding in manufacturing and handling, the latter especially due to the high weight of the pallets, usually 30-40 kgs.
  • Wood has during the later years become more and more expensive and attempts have been made to construct pallets with a lower weight and accordingly lesser raw material requirements which thus will become cheaper to manufacture and also to use. It should be noted that the weight of the pallet per se is of importance since the freight costs are calculated on the total weight of the pallet load and the pallet. Further, there are handling and return freight costs. It has also been attempted to manufacture pallets from corrugated cardboard, metal plate and different types of foamed plastics with or without reinforcements. Such pallets have, however, not been a commercial success.
  • a pallet which combines especially the following properties: low costs, low weight, great flexibility as regards the use, non-bulky during storage since it can be stored in the form of separate parts which can easily be mounted together at the place of loading, and easily disposed of, if desired, e.g. by burning to the formation of non-noxious gases.
  • the present invention relates to such a pallet.
  • the above-mentioned previously known alternative pallets are mainly intended for goods of light or medium weight.
  • An important property in pallets is, however, that they shall be handleable by forklifts from all four sides, i.e. a forklift truck should be able to lift the pallets from any side thereof, a forklift truck with long forks being able to lift several pallets at the same time.
  • the said previously known alternative pallet constructions are, however, usually only forkable from two sides which has caused a considerable limitation of the usability and an economic disadvantage.
  • An important purpose with the present invention is to achieve a low-cost pallet which can be handled by forklifts from all four sides.
  • a pallet is achieved, especially a pallet which is so cheap so that it can be used only once and then disposed of, which is described below with reference to the enclosed drawing which shows a specific form of a pallet according to the invention viewed in perspective.
  • the specific preferred form of the pallet shown in the drawing consists of three base members 1 of which the two outer ones form the outer edges of the pallet.
  • the shown pallet has also an intermediary base member 1.
  • the base members 1 have two symmetrically arranged recesses at a distance from each other which corresponds to the distance between the forks of a conventional standardized fork truck.
  • the base members 1 are provided with a number of holes evenly distributed along the length of the base members and perpendicularly thereto and at a minor distance from the upper surface of the base members or touching the same.
  • the base members 1 are united to each other with tubes 4 inserted through the holes 3.
  • the outer diameter of the tubes is such that they can be relatively easily introduced through the holes 3 in the base members.
  • a pallet according to the invention can thus in a simple manner be mounted with the use of two, three or more base members 1 and a suitable number of tubes introduced through the holes. Practical experiments have shown that the pallet according to the invention has a remarkable stability and there is no risk whatever that a tube will accidentally be removed or put out of its proper position in view of the friction between the base members and the tubes.
  • the pallet according to the invention has also a certain diagonal flexibility which makes the pallet able to withstand shocks without bursting of the base members of other deterioration occurring.
  • US-A-3,654,877 relates to a pallet consisting of base members in the form of thin-walled tubes having different diameters so that the tubes with the smaller diameters can be stored in the base member tube having the largest diameter; and perpendicularly to the base members tubes with a smaller diameter running through holes near the uppermost parts of the base members uniting the same to the formation of the pallet.
  • the said tubes can be stored inside the smallest base member tube together with any kind of devices used for locking or fixation of the different tubes forming the pallet in position.
  • pallets according to this suggestion tend to be difficult to manufacture and also expensive.
  • the base members from wood, the wood fibres of course running essentially along the length of base members, but also other materials can be used. Examples of such materials are plywood, board, etc. Also plastic materials can be used and also deep-drawn plate or cast aluminium.
  • the invention relates to a pallet, especially a disposable pallet comprising two outer base members and preferably at least one intermediate base member, which base members are essentially identical, the height of which suitably corresponds to the conventional pallet height, having two recesses intended for the introduction of the forks of a forklift truck, each of said base members having two mutually parallel outer surfaces through which a number of cylindrical holes are provided, which holes are distributed along the length of the base members and perpendicularly thereto, the base members being united to each other by tubes running through the holes to form a pallet with a substantially flat load bearing surface formed by the upper surfaces of the tubes and the base member, (as shown from US-A-3654877) characterized in that said cylindrical holes have un-interrupted circumferences and are positioned at a minor distance below the upper surface of the base members, in that the base members consist of wood or a material with similar properties, and in that the tubes and base members are united by friction alone between the tubes and the inner surfaces of said holes.
  • the tubes 4 can be made of any suitable cheap material such as metal and plastics of different types but, for cost reasons, it is preferred to manufacture the tubes from paper. Such tubes are conventionally manufactured by winding of paper webs around a core. With the use of a water-resistant glue the finished pallet will be weather-resistant. Practical experiments have shown that a suitable outer diameter of the paper tubes is 45-60 mms with a material thickness of about 2-5 mms for conventional pallet sizes.
  • the number of holes is 7 and that the number of tubes 4 is from 4 to 7 as required.
  • the height of the base members is about 160 mms and their thickness can be varied considerably, e.g. within the range 20-100 mms, especially about 25-35 mms.
  • a pallet according to the invention will weigh about 6-8 kgs. This means, of course, that considerable decreases of the costs for handling and transportation of goods can be achieved.
  • the pallet according to the invention can, of course, be used for more than one time but practical calculations have shown that a pallet according to the invention can be prepared at a lower cost than the total cost for mortgage, freight, return freight and reparation and drying as commonly occurs for a conventional pallet. This means that a pallet according to the invention without economical considerations can be discarded after one use.
  • the preferred material choice for a pallet according to the invention makes it easy to dispose of such as by burning without the formation of noxious gases.
  • the tubes and the base members do not need attachment to each other specifically.
  • these parts will always be in a state of tension in relation to each other which causes that the different parts are effectively fixed to each other, especially when the pallet is under load.
  • the adaptation of the tubes to the diameter of the holes in the base members is made as exact as possible which also facilitates the putting-together of the pallet at the place of loading.
  • One specifically suitable way to achieve this is to rub the inner surfaces of the holes after boring of the same with a rotating roughening toll such as a steel thread brush. With such a treatment a layer of free fibre ends will be formed in the holes which gives a slight friction for the tubes. Also, any dimension changes which wood materials are likely to undergo due to variation of the moisture content of the ambient air will thus be compensated for.
EP83900990A 1982-03-16 1983-03-16 Pallet Expired EP0103002B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83900990T ATE25643T1 (de) 1982-03-16 1983-03-16 Palette.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8201648 1982-03-16
SE8201648A SE8201648L (sv) 1982-03-16 1982-03-16 Lastpall

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0103002A1 EP0103002A1 (en) 1984-03-21
EP0103002B1 true EP0103002B1 (en) 1987-03-04

Family

ID=20346274

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83900990A Expired EP0103002B1 (en) 1982-03-16 1983-03-16 Pallet

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0103002B1 (xx)
DE (1) DE3369949D1 (xx)
DK (1) DK150739C (xx)
FI (1) FI69802C (xx)
GR (1) GR77154B (xx)
IT (2) IT1161650B (xx)
PL (1) PL241051A1 (xx)
SE (1) SE8201648L (xx)
WO (1) WO1983003238A1 (xx)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0192757B1 (en) * 1984-09-13 1989-08-09 Fred Atterby Base members for pallets
SE450482B (sv) * 1986-01-24 1987-06-29 Fred Atterby Lastpall bestaende av basdelar och tvergaende ror
DE9100744U1 (xx) * 1991-01-23 1991-05-16 Alusuisse-Lonza Services Ag, Zuerich, Ch

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3654877A (en) * 1969-05-16 1972-04-11 American Novawood Corp Knockdown warehouse pallet
GB1580023A (en) * 1975-12-15 1980-11-26 Ag Patents Ltd Supporting and locating arrays of objects
EP0043253A1 (en) * 1980-06-27 1982-01-06 Ferodo Limited Improvements in and relating to friction materials

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3369949D1 (en) 1987-04-09
FI833939A0 (fi) 1983-10-27
GR77154B (xx) 1984-09-07
IT1161650B (it) 1987-03-18
SE8201648L (sv) 1983-09-17
DK150739C (da) 1987-11-23
FI69802C (fi) 1986-05-26
FI69802B (fi) 1985-12-31
EP0103002A1 (en) 1984-03-21
IT8321136V0 (it) 1983-03-16
FI833939A (fi) 1983-10-27
DK521783A (da) 1983-11-15
PL241051A1 (en) 1983-11-07
IT8320097A0 (it) 1983-03-16
DK150739B (da) 1987-06-09
WO1983003238A1 (en) 1983-09-29
DK521783D0 (da) 1983-11-15

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