EP0102038A2 - Entwicklungsvorrichtung und -verfahren - Google Patents

Entwicklungsvorrichtung und -verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0102038A2
EP0102038A2 EP83108180A EP83108180A EP0102038A2 EP 0102038 A2 EP0102038 A2 EP 0102038A2 EP 83108180 A EP83108180 A EP 83108180A EP 83108180 A EP83108180 A EP 83108180A EP 0102038 A2 EP0102038 A2 EP 0102038A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
developing agent
developing
supplying means
toner
electrostatic latent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP83108180A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0102038A3 (de
Inventor
Reiji Murakami
Toshiyuki Karaishi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
Original Assignee
Toshiba Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP57148807A external-priority patent/JPS5938757A/ja
Priority claimed from JP14880582A external-priority patent/JPS5937571A/ja
Application filed by Toshiba Corp filed Critical Toshiba Corp
Publication of EP0102038A2 publication Critical patent/EP0102038A2/de
Publication of EP0102038A3 publication Critical patent/EP0102038A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/09—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer using magnetic brush
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/06—Developing
    • G03G13/08—Developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G13/09—Developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer using magnetic brush

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for developing an electrostatic latent image, and more specifically to a method and a device for developing an electrostatic latent image into a visible image by means of an electrically insulating developing agent.
  • One conventional method for charging electrically insulating toners uses corona discharge. In this method, it is hard to uniformly charge the toner particles.
  • pollutants e.g, ammonia
  • pollutants in the air may possibly be ionized so that the insulating toner may be charged by the ions of the pollutants sticking thereto. If the ions of the pollutants in the air stick to the toner, then the toner is contaminated increasing adhesion between toner particles and lowering the electric resistance of the toner. As a result, developed images are uneven in quality and image transfer is adversely affected.
  • the charging method using corona discharge involves some awkward problems.
  • Other conventional charging methods are based on frictional charging or contact charging. According to these methods, however, the electrically insulating toner sticks to a charging member for frictional charging or contact charging. If the toner covers the whole surface of the charging member, the member loses its durability, and it becomes difficult to stably charge the toner for a long time. As a result, the developing density is lowered and the quality of images obtained is deteriorated.
  • the charging methods based on frictional charging or contact charging it is hard to obtain a stable developing density and good image quality with high reliability.
  • FIG. 1 shows a typical example of one such prior art developing device.
  • This developing device is provided with a developing roller 4 which consists of a magnet roller 2 opposed to a photosensitive body 1 as an object to be developed and having a plurality of magnetic poles, and a cylindrical sleeve 3 enclosing the magnet roller 2.
  • the magnet roller 2 rotates clockwise or in the direction indicated by arrow a, while the sleeve 3 rotates counterclockwise or in the direction indicated by arrow b.
  • a layer 5a (magnetic brush) of a magnetic toner 5 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 3.
  • the toner layer 5a is rubbed against the surface of the photosensitive body 1, regulated in thickness by a doctor blade 6 as a developing agent regulator which is disposed above the top portion of the sleeve 3.
  • the magnetic toner 5 is carried in the direction indicated by arrow c which corresponds to the direction of arrow b.
  • numeral 8 designates the flow of the magnetic toner 5 (toner loop) in a toner hopper 7.
  • a key to satisfactory copying performance or good image quality is to keep the gap between the doctor blade 6 and the sleeve 3 constant and to form a uniform toner layer on the surface of the sleeve 3.
  • the present invention is contrived in consideration of the aforementioned circumstances, and is intended to provide a developing method and a developing device capable of stably forming visible images of high quality which can be transferred to ordinary paper.
  • the present invention is characterized by using an electrically insulating developing agent whose surface potential (Vt) on developing agent supplying means has polarity opposite to that of charges on an electrostatic latent image and an absolute value greater than 20 (volts) and smaller than 90 (volts).
  • Vt surface potential
  • the shape and location of the tip end of a developing agent regulator for regulating the thickness of a layer of the magnetic developing agent on the outer peripheral surface of the developing agent supplying means are set properly.
  • a developing method comprising steps of opposing developing agent supplying means for supplying a developing agent to an electrostatic latent image-forming surface of an image carrier; applying the charged developing agent to the surface of the developing agent supplying means; and opposing the developing agent on the developing agent supplying means to the electrostatic latent image forming surface to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrostatic latent image-forming surface as the developing agent supplying means moves, said developing agent consisting of an electrically insulating developing agent whose surface potential (Vt) on the developing agent supplying means has polarity opposite to that of charges on the electrostatic latent image and an absolute value greater than 20 (volts) and smaller than 90 (volts).
  • a developing device which develops an electrostatic latent image formed on an electrostatic latent image-forming surface of an image carrier by a developing agent, comprising: developing agent supplying means rotatably facing the electrostatic latent image-forming surface and adapted to rotate with the developing agent thereon forming a developing agent layer, such that the developing agent is transferred to the electrostatic latent image forming surface to develop the electrostatic latent image; and a regulating member spaced from the developing agent supplying means, for regulating the thickness of the developing agent layer formed on the developing agent supplying means, said developing agent consisting of an electrically insulating developing agent whose surface potential (Vt) on the developing agent supplying means has polarity opposite to that of charges on the electrostatic latent image and an absolute value greater than 20 (volts) and smaller than 90 (volts).
  • Vt surface potential
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows the construction of the electronic copying apparatus using the developing device according to the one embodiment of the invention.
  • numeral 11 designates a housing which carries an original table 12 thereon.
  • the original table 12 is reciprocated by a motor 13 built in the housing 11.
  • a cylindrical photosensitive drum 14 as an image carrier is rotatably supported in the substantially central portion of the interior of the housing 11.
  • the photosensitive drum 14 rotates in synchronism with the reciprocation of the original table 12.
  • An exposure system 17 including a lamp 15, a convergent light transmitting body 16, etc., is disposed between the photosensitive drum 14 and the original table 12.
  • the exposure system 17 irradiates an original paper put on the original table 12, and leads a reflected light from the original paper onto the photosensitive drum 14 to form-an electrostatic latent image of the original paper thereon.
  • a developing device 18 described in detail later, a transfer corona discharger 19, a deelectrifier 20, a cleaner 21, and a charger 22 are arranged successively in the rotating direction (clockwise) of the photosensitive drum 14, starting at the position of image formation.
  • a conveyor path 25 for copying paper 24 as a recording medium lies at the bottom portion of the interior of the housing 11, passing through a transfer section 23 which is defined between the photosensitive drum 14 and the transfer corona discharger 19.
  • the starting end portion of the conveyor path 25 is coupled to a paper feed section 28 including a manual feed guide 26 and a paper feeder 27, while its terminal end portion leads to a paper discharge tray 30 via a fixing device 29.
  • the conveyor path 25 is provided with conveyor rollers 31.
  • the surface of the photosensitive drum 14 is first charged with electricity by the charger 22. Then, charges on the irradiated surface portion of the photosensitive drum 14 are selectively erased by image exposure by the exposure system 17. Thus, an electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 14. Subsequently, magnetic toner is applied to the electrostatic latent image by the developing device 18 to develop the latent image into a visible image. Thus, a developing agent image is formed.
  • the developing agent image is transferred by corona discharge of the transfer corona discharge 19 to the copying paper 24 which is fed from the paper feed section 28 and guided by a guide plate.
  • Fig. 3 shows the construction of the developing device 18.
  • numeral 32 designates a toner hopper as a developing agent storage tank.
  • the toner hopper 32 is integrally composed of a pair of side frames 33 (only one is shown) and wall plates 34 and 35 fixed to the side frames 33 at both longitudinal edge portions, and has a supplying opening 32a and a developing opening 32b.
  • a developing roller 36 as developing agent supplying means is housed in the toner hopper 32, partially exposed through the developing opening 32b.
  • the developing roller 36 is formed of a cylindrical rotating body 37 (hereinafter referred to as a sleeve) made of aluminum, stainless steel or some other material, and a magnet roller 38 contained in the sleeve 37.
  • a sleeve made of aluminum, stainless steel or some other material
  • the magnet roller 38 rotates in the direction indicated by arrow B in synchronism with the rotation of the sleeve 37.
  • a first narrow gap Gl is defined between the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 37 and that of the photosensitive drum 14 which rotates in the direction indicated by arrow C.
  • Magnetic toner 40 as a magnetic developing agent in the toner hopper 32 is attracted to the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 37 by the magnetic force of the magnet roller 38, and is carried in the direction of arrow A.
  • the toner 40 is passed through a second narrow gap G2 between the sleeve 37 and a doctor blade 41 as a developing agent regulator which extends vertically.
  • a toner layer 42 with a uniform thickness is formed on the sleeve 37.
  • the doctor blade 41 is integrally fitted with a doctor blade adjusting bracket 43.
  • the bracket 43 is moved vertically by means of a fine adjustment screw 44 to set the second gap G2 to a prescribed width.
  • the bracket 43 positioned in this manner is fixed by a doctor blade fixing nut 45.
  • a toner guard 46 and a sealing member 47 are attached to the upper portion of the developing opening 32b.
  • a sub-magnet roller 48 is disposed at the lower portion of the developing opening 32b so as to be rotated in the direction indicated by arrow D.
  • the sub-magnet roller 48 collects the magnetic toner 40 attached to non-imaged surface portions of the photosensitive drum 14, and also magnetically attracts the magnetic toner 40 scattering downward from the developing opening 32b so that the magnetic toner 40 is collected on the developing roller 36.
  • the supplying opening 32a of the toner hopper 32 is closed by a lid 49.
  • the lid 49 and a sealing member 50 attached thereto prevent the magnetic toner 40 from scattering through the opening 32a.
  • the magnetic toner 40 attracted to the sleeve 37 forms a toner layer 42 made uniform in thickness by the doctor blade 41.
  • the magnetic toner 40 is carried on the sleeve 37 in the form of vertically raised fur.
  • the toner 40 forming the toner layer 42 is attracted to the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photosensitive drum 14 through the first gap Gl for satisfactory development.
  • an AC bias from a bias power souce 51 is applied to the sleeve 37 of the developing roller 36 in order to determine a proper changing ratio of original density-copy density characteristic (hereinafter referred to as a y-characteristic).
  • the developing roller 36 may only be grounded without using the bias power source 51.
  • Fig. 4 shows the flow of the magnetic toner 40 (hereinafter referred to as a toner loop 52) in the toner hopper 32.
  • the toner loop 52 is created by the rotation of the developing roller 36 and the doctor blade 41.
  • the magentic toner 40 in the toner hopper 32 is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 37 by the magnet roller 38 of the developing roller 36, and is carried toward the doctor blade 41 as the sleeve 37 and the magnet roller 38 rotate. Since there is the narrow second gap G2 between the doctor blade 41 and the sleeve 37, that part of the carried magnetic toner 40 near the surface of the sleeve 37 is carried to the side of the photosensitive drum 14, passing through the second gap G2.
  • the remaining part of the magnetic toner 40 is separated from the sleeve 37 under the doctor blade 41, as shown in Fig. 4, and then drops by its own.weight.
  • the dropped toner 40 is attracted again to the surface of the sleeve 37 by the magner roller 38, and is carried in the aforesaid manner. Repeating this action, the magnetic toner 40 in the toner hopper 32 is gradually consumed in developing.
  • a key to satisfactory copying performance or good picture quality is to form a uniform toner layer on the surface of the sleeve 37.
  • the tip of the doctor blade 41 is slanted so that 0° ⁇ a ⁇ 90° where a is an angle formed between the bottom end face of the doctor blade 41 forming the tip or edge thereof and a tangent which touches the circumference of the developing roller 36 at the intersection of the circumference and the extension of the bottom end face of the doctor blade 41, as shown in detail in Fig. 5.
  • the flow of the magnetic toner 40 near the lower end of the doctor blade 41 becomes smooth, and dust or paper dust caught in the developing device 18 is carried away together with the magnetic toner 40 without stagnating between the doctor blade 41 and the sleeve 37. Also, the magnetic toner 40 is prevented from electrostatically sticking to the surface of the doctor blade 41 by its own conveying force.
  • the quantity of magnetic toner 40 will never be reduced by sticking to the lower end of the doctor blade 41, thereby providing a satisfactory copy image without unevenness in density.
  • edge of the bottom end face of the doctor blade 41 nearer to the developing roller 36 faces the circumference of the developing roller 36 in a manner such that 30° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 90° where S is an angle formed between a vertical line passing through the central axis of the developing roller 36 and a straight line connecting the central axis and the nearer edge of the bottom end face of the doctor blade 41, as shown in Fig. 6. Also, that edge of the bottom end face of the doctor blade 41 farther from the developing roller 36 is located so that l ⁇ r where r is the radius of the developing roller 36, and & is the horizontal distance between the central axis of the developing roller 36 and that farther edge of the bottom end face of the doctor blade 41.
  • a flat surface 41a substantially parallel to the surface of the developing roller 36 is formed on that edge portion of the doctor blade 41 which is located nearest to the developing roller 36, as shown in Figs. 7A and 7B.
  • the doctor blade 41 is formed from a metal plate, such as an iron or stainless-steel plate. Usually, metal plates have a degree of warp. If the doctor blade 41 is warped, however, the width of the second gap G2 will vary causing defective copy images.
  • Fig. 7A is a side view of the doctor blade 41
  • F ig. 7B is a bottom view of the doctor blade 41 taken in the direction of arrow E of Fig. 7A.
  • the doctor blade 41 has a warp such that both end portions of the doctor blade 41 on one side thereof lie on an imaginary line v, while the central portion lies on an imaginary line w, as shown in Fig. 7B.
  • both end portions of the doctor blade 41 lie on an imaginary line y, and the central portion on an imaginary line z.
  • the width of the gap between the doctor blade 41 and the developing roller 36 varies from a value 42a to a value 42b.
  • the gap between the doctor blade 41 and the developing roller 36 can have a fixed width 42c. Namely, the formation of the flat surface 41a (cut portion) on the one side edge of the doctor blade 41 makes the gap between the doctor blade 41 and the developing roller 36 less susceptible to the influence of the warp.
  • Sleeve material stainless steel.
  • Magnetic force of magnet 750 G.
  • each toner 40 was measured by means of a surface potential meter one minute after the toner 40 was carried onto the sleeve 37.
  • a toner 40 was prepared by mixing 2 % carbon black, 60 % magnetic powder (EPF 1,000 from Toda Kogyo, Co.), and 0.4 % hydrophobic silica (R-972 from Nippon Aerosil, Co.) by weight in styrene-acrylic copolymer, and crushing and polarizing the resultant mixture.
  • the surface potential Vt of thie toner 40 was measured under the aforesaid conditions. The result was
  • Vt -70 volts.
  • a toner 40 similar to the one used in Example 1 was prepared under the same conditions except the use of 4 % carbon by weight in the mixture and addition of 1.0 % charging controlling agent. The electrical characteristics of this toner 40 were
  • Vt -20 volts.
  • a toner 40 similar to the one used in Example 1 was prepared under the same conditions except the exclusion of carbon from the composition.
  • the electrical characteristic of this toner 40 was
  • Vt -90 volts.
  • the voids (white stripes in black solid portions) were produced because the toner frictionally charged to a high degree by the doctor blade 41 stuck to the doctor blade 41 and built up to vary the gap between the doctor blade 41 and the sleeve 37, thereby making the thickness of the developing agent layer uneven.
  • Fig. 8 shows the relationship between the weight of toner and image density and between the weight and surface potential of toner determined on the tonrs of Example 1 and comparative Example 2 used in the developing device. As seen from Fig. 8, both the image density and surface potential for the toner of Example 1 are stable against the change of toner weight.
  • Figs. 9 and 10 show several relationships obtained from the results of the experiments of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 using the photosensitive drum of positive polarity.
  • the surface potential of the toner reaches -20 volts or more, the background condition becomes unstable.
  • the surface potential is lowered to -90 volts or less, the image density starts to change.
  • the trailing is restricted to a permissible degree when the surface potential is -90 volts or more.
  • the propr range for the surface potential Vt of the toner may be given -20 volts > Vt > -90 volts.
  • electrostatic latent image carrier according to the aformentioned embodiment has been described as being of positive polarity, it is to be understood that the present invention may also be applied to the case of a latent image carrier of negative polarity.
  • the developing method of the invention may suitable be adapted to the development of electrostatic latent images formed by the electrostatic recording method or other conventional methods, as well as the electrophotography. Moreover, the method of the invention may effectively be applied to development using other insulating toners (one-component) than the insulating magnetic toner.
  • the developing device according to the one embodiment described above should preferably be used to obtain further stable images.
  • stable images capable of being transferred to plain paper can be obtained by the use of an electrically insulating developing agent whose surface potential Vt on developing agent supplying means has polarity opposite to that of charges on an electrostatic latent image and an absolute value greater than 20 (volts) and smaller than 90 (volts).
  • the developing agent is frictionally charged on developing agent supplying means, and further charged in an electric field generated by the potential of an electrostatic latent image.
  • charging and discharge of the developing agent are performed in balanced relation, so that a uniformly charged developing agent layer can be obtained constantly.
  • the developing agent never blocks on the developing agent regulator or the developing agent supplying means, ensuring the production of high-quality images.
EP83108180A 1982-08-27 1983-08-18 Entwicklungsvorrichtung und -verfahren Withdrawn EP0102038A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP148805/82 1982-08-27
JP148807/82 1982-08-27
JP57148807A JPS5938757A (ja) 1982-08-27 1982-08-27 現像方法および装置
JP14880582A JPS5937571A (ja) 1982-08-27 1982-08-27 現像装置

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0102038A2 true EP0102038A2 (de) 1984-03-07
EP0102038A3 EP0102038A3 (de) 1984-05-16

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ID=26478880

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83108180A Withdrawn EP0102038A3 (de) 1982-08-27 1983-08-18 Entwicklungsvorrichtung und -verfahren

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EP (1) EP0102038A3 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0221518A2 (de) * 1985-11-04 1987-05-13 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) Reinigungsgitter mit Vorspannung für elektrographisches Gerät
US5119758A (en) * 1988-09-27 1992-06-09 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Developing process

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53117431A (en) * 1977-03-23 1978-10-13 Canon Inc Developing process and agent for electrostatic latent image
DE2854825A1 (de) * 1977-12-22 1979-06-28 Canon Kk Verfahren zur entwicklung von ladungsbildern und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE2739703B2 (de) * 1977-09-02 1979-08-16 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd., Tokio Verfahren zum Entwickeln und Übertragen von latenten Ladungsbildern auf gewöhnliches, unbehandeltes Papier
JPS54136339A (en) * 1978-04-14 1979-10-23 Toshiba Corp Developing apparatus
JPS54161944A (en) * 1978-06-12 1979-12-22 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Magnetic brush developing device of electrophotography
JPS5511201A (en) * 1978-05-10 1980-01-26 Mita Ind Co Ltd Electrophotographic developing device
GB2064482A (en) * 1979-12-06 1981-06-17 Pitney Bowes Inc Developer powder dispensing apparatus

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53117431A (en) * 1977-03-23 1978-10-13 Canon Inc Developing process and agent for electrostatic latent image
DE2739703B2 (de) * 1977-09-02 1979-08-16 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd., Tokio Verfahren zum Entwickeln und Übertragen von latenten Ladungsbildern auf gewöhnliches, unbehandeltes Papier
DE2854825A1 (de) * 1977-12-22 1979-06-28 Canon Kk Verfahren zur entwicklung von ladungsbildern und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
JPS54136339A (en) * 1978-04-14 1979-10-23 Toshiba Corp Developing apparatus
JPS5511201A (en) * 1978-05-10 1980-01-26 Mita Ind Co Ltd Electrophotographic developing device
JPS54161944A (en) * 1978-06-12 1979-12-22 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Magnetic brush developing device of electrophotography
GB2064482A (en) * 1979-12-06 1981-06-17 Pitney Bowes Inc Developer powder dispensing apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Patent Abstracts of Japan vol. 2, no. 149, 13 December 1978 page 9488E78 & JP-A-53 117431 *
Patent Abstracts of Japan vol. 3, no. 155, 19 December 1979 page 149E160 & JP-A-54 136339 *
Patent Abstracts of Japan vol. 4, no. 24, 29 February 1980 page 46E173 & JP-A-54 161944 *
Patent Abstracts of Japan vol. 4, no. 39, 28 March 1980 page 64P4 & JP-A-55 011201 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0221518A2 (de) * 1985-11-04 1987-05-13 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) Reinigungsgitter mit Vorspannung für elektrographisches Gerät
EP0221518A3 (en) * 1985-11-04 1987-08-26 Eastman Kodak Company Biased scavenging grid for electrographic apparatus
US5119758A (en) * 1988-09-27 1992-06-09 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Developing process

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