Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
  • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
  • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
  • A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
  • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process and a composition by which the cultivation of agricultural plants can be intensified and their nourishing can be controlled,
• the planified influence of the biological state of plants plays a more and more important role.
• compositions known for this purpose including for example 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid and derivatives thereof as active ingredient, 2-Chloroethane-phosphonic acid is disadvantageous in that if it is applied at a relatively lai;e stage and under bad weather conditions, for example in drought, there is a danger of overdosing, which may cause in certain cases a depression of plant growth and a decrease of the crop yield.
• N,N-dimethyl-piperidinium salts of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid can also be employed as plant growth regulators
• Certain synthetic planfc growth regulating agents such as chlorocholine chloride, succinic acid dimethylhydrazide, maleic acid hydrazide, diphenylurea, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl-tributyl-phosphonium chloride, phenoxy- isobutyric acid, etc. are also known in the art.
• 2-Chloro- ethane-phosphonic acid and its derivatives, e.g. anhydrides, esters, salts and acid chlorides in addition to their plant growth regulating effect, according to the British Patent Specification 1.334.850 improve the resistance of cultivated plants against certain plant diseases.
• the preparation of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid is disclosed in the United States Patent Specification 3.787.486.
• the application of this compound is performed using an aqueous solution by which the whole surface of plants or seadlings is wetted.
• the solution contains 10-5000 ppm, in particular 100-1000 ppm of active ingredient.
• micro- and mesoelements e.g. calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt and bor in the form of soluble salts or chelates
• micro- and mesoelements e.g. calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt and bor in the form of soluble salts or chelates
• the nutrients administered through the leaves affect the metabolism of plants directly, which has particular advantages when the absorption of nutrients via the roots Is inhibited for some reason.
• the lack of microelements results in disorders in the vital process of plants.
• the supply of microelements should be in a good correlation with the various local circumstances, which is an important factor to be taken, into account when selecting the appropriate compositions and route of application.
• the invention relates to a process and a composi tion by which a controlled nourishment of agricultural plants can be solved with a satisfactory security and the capacity of plants for accomodation to the given soil, wheather and rainfall conditions can be improved.
• compositions con taining a combination of certain complexes of the salts of microelements, mesoelements, urea and 2-chloroethane- -phosphonic acid or a derivative thereof effectively increase the crop yields of agricultural plants without exhibiting any harmful side-effect, such as depression, etc., can minimize the losses due to uncertain and variable cultivation conditions, show no toxicity and fit well into the conventional cultivation procedure.
• compositions containing more active ingredients surpasses the effect shown by its components separately, if the compositions are applied, in certain stages of the development of the agricultural plants (in the vegetative phase), nitrogen artifical fertilizer is added simultaneously or before their application, they are combined with a fungicidal treatment and, if desired, the number of stocks in the row is increased, the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer is partitioned., and optionally deep fertilization is performed.
• compositions according to the invention contain a combination of the following components, in an aqueous solution or suspension: a) 0.1 to 80 % by mass of a combination of meso- and microelements (expressed, in the mass of elements) in the form of complexes of the salts of said meso- and imcroelements, which contains at least 5.10 -3 % by mass of zinc,
• the complexes of the salts of microelements are chelates, which can be prepared from said salts with citric acid, acetic acid, glycine, ethylenediamlnetetra- acetic acid and salts thereof, nitrilotriacetic acid and/or a mixture thereof, in a known manner.
• the total active ingredient concentration in the compositions amounts to 1 to 95 % by mass.
• the pH of the aqueous compositions is adjusted to 3.5 to 4.0,
• the finely divided sulfur, used as a mesoelement has a grain size below 5 microns,
• compositions can be prepared by more alternative methods.
• the mono- chelates of the salts of microelements are first prepared, 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid is added, the pH is adjusted to 2 to 2.1, sulfur and conventional additives are added, the crude suspension obtained is dispersed In a colloidal mill or any other humid grinding equipment, and as soon as the required dispersity grade is achieved, urea is added.
• the chelates of microelements and 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid are added to a concentrated suspension of finely divided sulfur, the pH is adjusted to 2.1 to 2.5 and urea and further additives are added to the diluted, composition.
• 2-chloroethane- phosphonic acid is added to the chelates and the finely divided slfur suspension, the pH is adjusted to 2 to 2.5, and a portion of urea is added. The remaining portion of sulfur suspension and urea as well as the further additives are added after the final dilution.
• the salt of microelements are added to the diluted, colloidal sulfur suspension, in the solution obtained complexes are formed, by adding the tetrasodium salt of ethylenediaminetetra- acetic acid, and the pH is adjusted to 6.5 to 7.0 by hydrochloric acid.
• 2-chloro- ethane-phosphonic acid colloidal sulfur suspension and urea are added, taking care that the pH should not exceed 4.5.
• the composition is supplemented with the conventional further additives.
• compositions according to the invention can be prepared.
• 2-Chloroethane-phosphonic acid is employed as an aqueous solution containing 4 ⁇ to 50 % by mass of active ingredient.
• the sulfur suspension used preferably contains 900 g./lit. of sulfur, in the form of a colloidal sulfur with a grain size below 5 microns.
• Suitable compositions include Sulfur 900 W (Budapest! Vegyimüvek), Thiovit (Sandoz AG), Sofril (Rhone Poulenc), Kumulus S WP (BASF), etc.
• microelements zinc, magnesium, bor, copper, iron are employed in a suitable form, for example as concentrated solutions containing glycine and/or nitric acid, but complexes with nitrilotriacetic acid are also suitable.
• Preferred representatives of the derivatives of 2-chloroethane-phosphonIc acid include anhydride, acid chloride, mono-2-chloroethyl ester and further esters.
• Urea is employed as a concentrated aqueous solution or in the form of a crystalline, commertially available composition.
• compositions preferably wetting agents with a pH of 2 to 4 are employed. They are generally prepared by combining the following components: alkylbenzenesulfonic acidcalcium salt, alkylphenolpolyglycol ether and propyleneoxide-
• a suitable commertial product is for example Tensiofix B 7416.
• Combinations of oxethylated alkylphenolphosphate esters and alkyl benzene- sulfonic acid calcium salt are also suitable.
• the solid phase can generally be dispersed by the aid of mixtures of anionic and non-ionic additives.
• compositions are preferably applied, to the plants by air, in an amount of 50 to 80 lit./hectare, but for example in the case of grains conventional ground agricultural machines can also be employed, and. the amount of tank mixture is about 200 to 400 lit,/ha.
• compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for the controlled nourishment of agricultural plants, such as cereals, maize and sunflower
• cereals the compositions are employed about the end of the period when the plants grow thick (in the F-g and J stage according to Keller- Baggiolini), in an amount of 7 to 15 lit./ha, using 50 to 80 lit/ha, of tank mixture in the case of cereal application and 200 to 350 lit./ha of tank mixture in the case of ground application.
• Treatment is preferably combined with the application of fungicides and insecticides. If desired, the treatment is repeated, immediately after the appearance of the second nodus of the plant (stage J according to Keller-Bagglolini).
• the culture is thin (below 500 plants/m 2 ) and under dry weather conditions no second treatment is necessary, otherwise it is advisable to repeat the treatment.
• a nutrient supply corresponding to the level of crop yield of the culture treated and a balanced nitrogen supply should be ensured.
• the herbicidal treatment should be carried out 8 days before or after the application of the regulator, In the latter case, about 70 % of the prescribed dose should be employed.
• the treatment should be carried out on 60 to 100-cm. plants, in a dose of 6-14 lit./ha., using 250 to 350 lit./ha, of tank mixture by air or 50 to 80 lit./ha. on the ground.
• maize should be treated in a 60-80-cm, stage, in a dose of 4-14 lit./ha., preferably 6 lit./ha.
• a nutrient supply corresponding to the crop yield level of the treated culture and a balanced nitrogen supply should be ensured.
• the number of stocks is about 65-120000 pieces/ha., depending on the required level of crop yield and the moisture. 0 to 40 parts of the required nitrogen fertilizer Is applied in autumn, and the remaining part in spring, in one or two portions. Top dressing is also performed.
• Sunflower is treated in a 10-12-leaf stage (50-60 cm) by ground or aereal technique, using 250- 350 lit./ha. and 50-80 lit./ha. of tank mixture, respectively, as follows:
• - nutrient supply (macro- and microelements) corresponding to the desired crop yield, in a suitable quantity, quality, variety and timing;
• humus content of the soil can be preserved, or even increased; - by improving the nutrient uptake capacity of the plants the nutrient supply can also be increased; - the resistance to facultative parasites causing necrosis is Increased (e.g. various fungi); - due to morphological grounds the plants show an Increased resistance to maize moth;
• aqueous suspension containing the necessary additives in addition to the active ingredients is prepared.
• the composition is generally applied by plane or ground technique, in 50 and 300 lit, of water, respectively. When applied as a tank mixture the composition can be supplemented with urea. The volume weight of the composition is adjusted to 1,65-1.70.
• citric acid/acetic acid complexes of the microelements are prepared, as described in Example 1.
• an equivalent amount of Sequestren Na 2 Zn (powder, chelate formed with ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, containing 6 mass % of zinc) or Sequestren 330 Fe (containing 10 mass % of iron) in the form of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid chelate, Ciba Geigy, Switzerland) can also be employed.
• 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid is added to the composition, and the pH is adjusted to 2.1 by ammonium hydroxide.
• To the tank mixture the necessary amounts of sulfur (Sulfur 900 FW) and urea are added.
• Example 3 An aqueous suspension having the following composition is prepared:
• aqueous sulfur suspension 250 ml. of water are added to 110 ml. of an aqueous sulfur suspension, followed by the addition of the citric acid/ acetic acid complexes of the microelements.
• a complex ing agent 21 g. of citric aced 64 ml. of a 96 % acetic acid and 8.8 g. of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid-Na are employed.
• 150 g. of 2-chloroethane-phos- phonic acid is added, and the pH is adjusted to 2.0-2.1 by aqueous ammonium hydroxide.
• To the composition 200 g. of urea are added, and it is made up to 1 lit. with water.
• composition according to Example 3 was employed to increase the crop yield of autumn wheat. 4-9 lit./ha. doses of the composition were applied to the plants in the stage F-G and J, by spraying twice.
• Phosphorus and. potassium fertilizers should be applied, in autumn, in an amount corresponding to the desired crop yield.
• these and if desired, further microelements should be supplemented by a single fertilization, in an amount corresponding to the desired crop yield. If the Zn and. Cu concentration is extremely low, they can be supplemented also in spring by leaf-fertili zation.
• nitrogen is preferably applied in the autumn, in the form of urea, (nitrogen stabilizers are preferably also employed, e.g. N-Serve, DOW Chemical, USA).
• the nutrient supply of the deeper layers of soil and deep fertilization are of utmost importance. It is further important that the desired, crops yields can be increased, by 10 to 30 % , preferably 20 to 25 % related to the usual levels. On good soil having a high nutrient concentration, when a variety providing a good, crop yield is selected, even a yield of 10 tones/ha. can be achieved for 950 stocks/m 2 .
• the remaining portion of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in spring, as a top dressing.
• the first top dressing should, be carried out several days, before the start of the spring vegetation, depending on the number of stocks which have lived through the winter and the nitrogen supply of the soil:
• the first chemical treatment with a composition according to Example 3 should be carried out in the E-G stage according to Keller-Baggiolini, after the first top dressing, using 7-12, preferably 9.0 lit./ha. of the composition (or a corresponding amount of active ingredients).
• the composition can be applied to the plants by ground or areal technique as well, using 200-300 and 50- -90 lit./ha. tank mixture, respectively.
• the second top dressing is performed in the stage I of the wheat development according to Keller- Baggiolini, before the second chemical treatment. By this second top dressing the remaining portion of the total nitrogen amount required, is applied.
• the second chemical treatment can be carried out directly after the appearance of the second nodus of wheat, when the small, opened ear of corn is about 1.5-2.0 cm. (according to Keller-Baggiolini in the J stage of wheat development) 4-9, preferably 5 lit./ha. doses are employed, For verieties with a short stem length only the first treatment is necessary.
• the third, top dressing is carried out in the K-L stage of the development of wheat (Keller-Baggiolini); taking into account the nitrogen supply, denseness and crop yield about 30-35 kg./ha. of nitrogen are employed, over the calculated value, if the nitrogen supply of the soil is not satisfactory for some reason.
• the plant protection is carried out according to modern agricultural techniques, corresponding to the situation and the number of weeds. If a hormon-like herbicide is employed, the chemical weed-killing is performed 7 days before or after treatment with the composition according to Example 3. If the herbicide treatment is carried out after the treatment with the composition of Example 3, about 70 % of the usual herbicide dose should be employed.
• Example 3 The necessary fungicide and insecticide treatments can be carried, out simultaneously with the composition of Example 3. It is, however, advisable to inves- tigate before admixture, whether the various components are freely admissible.
• Example 3 The composition according to Example 3 was employed, to increase the crop yield of autumn barley.
• the barley was treated in the stages F-G and J, using the pre scribed doses.
• the P and K fertilizers were applied in an amount corresponding to the desired crop yield, as a basic fertilizer.
• these and further necessary micro- elements should, be supplemented, simultaneously with the basic fertilization, in an amount harmonized with the desired crop yield.
• the soil has a great Zn and Cu deficiency, the demand of plants can be met in springtime, in the form of leaf-fertilization.
• 20-30 % of nitrogen necessary to achieve the desired crop yield is applied also as a basic fertilizer. After papilionaceae this treatment can be omitted, but after maize or sunflower a nitrogen amount required to decompose the remaining organic materials, should, also be added in autumn.
• nitrogen is preferably applied, in autumn, in the form of urea (the use of nitrogen stabilizers, e.g. N-Serve, DOW Chemical, USA is advisable).
• the deeper layers of soil should, preferably have a good nutrient supply, which can be improved, by deep fertilization. In this manner crop yields exceeding the conventional results by 10-30 % , preferably 20-35 % can be achieved. On rich soils, using carefully selected varieties, ensuring a good, yield, even crop yields exceeding the above limits can be achieved.
• the remaining portion of nitrogen is applied in spring, as a top dressing.
• the first top dressing should be carried out several days before the start of the spring vegetation, depending on the number of stocks which have lived through the winter, and the nitrogen supply of the soil:
• the first chemical treatment with a composition according to Example 3 should, be carried out in the E - G stage according to Keller-Baggiolini, after the first top dressing, using 8-12, preferably 8-9 lit./ha. of the composition (or a corresponding amount of active ingredients).
• the composition can be applied to the plants by ground, technique or by air as well, using 200-300 and 50-90 lit./ha. tank mixture, respectively.
• the second top dressing is performed in the I stage of barley development, according to Keller-Baggiolini, before the second chemical treatment. By this second top dressing the remaining portion of the total nitrogen amount required is applied.
• the second chemical treatment with the composition according to Example 3 is carried out directly after the appearance of the second nodus of barley, when the small, opened ear of corn is about 2.0 to 2.5 cm
• the third top dressing is carried out in the K-L stage of development (Keller-Baggiolini); taking into account the nitrogen supply, denseness and crop yield about 30-35 kg./ha, of nitrogen are employed, over the calculated value, if the nitrogen supply of the soil is not satisfactory for some reason.
• Plant protection is carried out according to modern agricultural methods, corresponding to the situation and the number of weeds.
• the chemical weed- -killing is performed 7 days before or after the treatment with a composition according to Example 3, If the herbicide treatment is carried out after the treatment with the composition of Example 3. about 70 % of the usual herbicide dose should be employed from a hormon-like herbicide.
• the necessary fungicide and insecticide treatments can be carried out simultaneously with the chemical treatments. It is, however, advisable to establish before admixture, that the various components are freely admiscible.
• Example 3 A composition according. to Example 3 was employed to increase the crop yield of maize. Maize was treated with a 9 lit./ha. dose of the composition in a 10-leaf stage. The number of stocks was adjusted to 65000-120000/ha.
• the crop yield can be adjusted to 7-17 tones, depending on the stock number, variety or hybrid, fertility of the soil and the employed cultivation technology.
• P and K fertilizers are used in an amount, corresponding to the desired, crop yield. They are applied, in autumn. On fields with a medium Zn and Cu supply or a low Zn and. Cu concentration due to the N-Cu and P-Zn ion antagonism, Zn and. Cu is supplemented, parallel with the basic fertilization.
• N-demand 0-40 % of the total N-demand should, be applied, as a basic fertilizer, either in the form of urea or as ammonium nitrate. (On the basis of soil investigations also other nitrogen fertilizers can be employed.) After maize or sunflower it is advisable to carry out a basic fertilization with nitrogen in autumn. Deep fertilization has an important role, too.
• the remaining portion (100-60 %) of the nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in one portion, in spring.
• nitrogen stabilizators e.g. N-serve
• Maize is treated with the composition accord ing to Example 3. taking into account the type of the soil, the nutrient supply of soil, plant variety or hybrid, stock number and the desired crop yield, in a dose of 5-12 lit./ha., preferably 6-8 lit./ha., in a 5-10-leaf stage.
• the treatment is always combined with the use of a 46 % urea, in an amount of 5 kg./ha.
• Treatment can be performed by air or by ground techniques.
• the uniform distribution is an important re quirement.
• the results obtained are illustrated, by Table 5.
• composition according to Example 3 was used to increase the crop yield, of sunflower. 50-6 ⁇ -cm. sunflower plants were sprayed, with a dose of 11 lit./ha. Stock number is adjusted to 50000-80000/ha.
• the desired crop yield can be between 2.5 and 4.5 tones, depending on the stock number, variety or hybrid, fertility of the soil and the cultivation technology employed.
• Basic fertilization (P and K) is applied in autumn, in an amount corresponding to the desired crop yield.
• nitrogen is preferably employed in the form of urea or as ammonium nitrate.
• Chemical treatment with the composition according to Example 3 is performed on 50-60 cm. high sunflower plants (4-9 pairs of developed leaves), in a dose of 5-11 lit./ha. by air or by ground technique. It is important to ensure a uniform distribution of the tank mixture.
• Treatment is carried out by applying nitrogen in an amount of 5 kg./ha., preferably in the form of urea and 1-2 lit. of a sulfur composition in the form of sulfate (e.g. Fitohorm 325) or 2 kg. or lit. or a composition containing elementary sulfur, simultaneously in the form of a tank mixture.
• nitrogen in an amount of 5 kg./ha., preferably in the form of urea and 1-2 lit. of a sulfur composition in the form of sulfate (e.g. Fitohorm 325) or 2 kg. or lit. or a composition containing elementary sulfur, simultaneously in the form of a tank mixture.
• Example 5 The composition according to Example 5 was used to increase the crop yield, of autumn barley. Plants were treated in the stages F-G and J, with a dose of 10 lit./ha. twice. Otherwise the procedure described in Example 7 was followed. The results obtained are summarized in Table 7.
• Example 5 The composition according to Example 5 was employed to increase the crop yield of autumn wheat. Száva and GK-Szeged. varieties were treated in a dose of 2 x 8 lit,/ha., Partizanka in a dose of 2 x 9 lit./ha., MV-8 first with a dose of 9 lit./ha. and then 8 lit./ha., in stages F-G and J. Otherwise the procedure described, in Example 6 was followed. The results are shown in Table 8.
• Example 3 The composition according to Example 3 was employed to increase the crop yield of maize. Maize plants were treated in a 10-leaf stage, using a 12 lit./ha. dose Otherwise the procedure described, in Example 8 was fol lowed. The results obtained are shown in Table 9.
• the trial was performed on plots of 3 hectares, in one repetition.
• the trials were performed, on plots of 3 hectares, in two repetitions.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=10949949

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (9)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1982
  • 1982-02-19 HU HU82517A patent/HU184506B/hu unknown
• 1983
  • 1983-02-10 IN IN156/CAL/83A patent/IN160363B/en unknown
  • 1983-02-10 ZA ZA83918A patent/ZA83918B/xx unknown
  • 1983-02-17 JP JP58500701A patent/JPS59500214A/ja active Pending
  • 1983-02-17 WO PCT/HU1983/000008 patent/WO1983002877A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1983-02-17 EP EP19830900651 patent/EP0101467A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1983-02-18 CA CA000421963A patent/CA1199809A/en not_active Expired

Non-Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events