EP0099935A1 - Adjustable personnel platform - Google Patents

Abstract

An adjustable personnel platform (38) is rotatably fastened on a lift tower end, with a carrying arm (42) and a pivot link (43) in the pivot plane of the elements (15, 21, 26) of the lift tower. It is automatically held horizontal through a reversable electric motor (96) and a speed translating drive (66, 67) as well as through a control surrounding a regulator with an inclination measuring device (92). The speed translating gear drive (66, 67) directly drives the rotatable part (64) of the pivot link (43). Between carrying arm (42) and the motor a plurality of direction changing couplings (81, 86) are provided. They arrest the rotation of the carrying arm (42) in both directions of rotation and release the rotary direction of the carrying arm (42) in a respective one of the rotary directions of the motor (97).

Description

The invention relates to an adjustable person platform according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such platforms make it possible for workers to be lifted and moved, if necessary, with their working equipment located on the platform on facades of buildings or tall objects such as masts, airplanes, ships or the like. They can also be used to free people from dangerous situations in otherwise inaccessible places. The mast is usually composed of several sections or sections, the lower section of which is usually referred to as the basic boom and the end piece is usually referred to as the plane. The sections of the mast are connected to each other via swivel joints with mostly hydraulically actuated thrust piston gears and can be folded in one plane. The basic boom is mostly in this Swivel plane articulated to a column of a slewing gear. The slewing gear is used to determine the possible lateral offset of the platform in relation to a fixed point. This can either be fixed or mobile. In the latter case, the mast forms the structure of a vehicle, usually a series truck.

The invention is based on a known device of this type (DE-OS 28 19 256). In this embodiment, the adjustable platform is designed as a change or attachment for a truck loading crane. This in turn can be operated remotely. Here, the controller, the controlled variable of which is the possible inclination of the passenger platform against the horizontal, ensures that it is kept independent of the movement of the lifting mast end within the narrow limits prescribed for safety reasons of about 5 ° on both sides.

One embodiment of this previously known personal platform provides an electric geared motor as a drive for the swivel joint. This has the considerable advantage of using different media, namely the hydraulic medium for the adjustment of the mast and the electrical medium for the drive of the passenger platform, whereby the work platform is brought into its horizontal position in the event of failure of the hydraulic mast drives, which are then blocked can.

In this embodiment, the gear has a worm input stage, the worm wheel of which is fixed to the housing and has internal teeth for a spindle. This Gearbox is rotatably and articulated in addition to the swivel joint of the support arm on the mast and on the support arm of the platform. In this way, the relatively high speed of the electric drive motor is reduced to the slow rotation of the support arm in the swivel joint.

On the other hand, this results in a rotation of the support arm that is practically limited to a quarter circle in both directions of rotation of the electric drive motor, particularly taking into account the limited effective length of the spindle. This limits the possible movements of the mast end accordingly and thus the positions that can be reached with the passenger platform are too restricted. The type of transmission described also does not allow sufficient gear reduction for high-speed DC electric motors. This and the fact that the rotary joint and its rotary drive form separate assemblies leads to a relatively complicated arrangement, which also causes a considerable weight load on the end of the lifting arm, which, among other things, Stability problems can arise.

The known reduction gear is self-locking. Vibrations of the passenger platform can, however, cancel the self-locking of the transmission and, if the electrical power fails, the platform can become increasingly skewed, which cannot be corrected. A brake must be installed in the swivel joint in order to eliminate the associated risks in a safe manner. In an emergency, the timely actuation of this brake poses considerable difficulties according to the invention, which lead to accidents which are in themselves avoidable can. It is also disadvantageous that, with the hydraulic system of the mast remaining intact, no corrections to the platform position can be made if the electrical power fails.

There is also known an adjustable passenger platform which interacts not permanently with an existing crane mast as a lifting mast, but rather with a lifting mast specially designed for the needs of the working platform, in particular for its desired range, and is consequently permanently attached to the lifting mast end (DE-OS 29 01 786). Here too, the horizontal position of the person platform is compulsorily maintained by a controller. However, the lifting mast is usually longer than a mobile-type crane mast and therefore has a correspondingly larger working area. This requires increased swivel angles of the swivel joints of the mast sections, which are designed so that the mast, which is enlarged in length, can be placed in a folded position in which its sections are parallel and in which it can be transported more easily.

Such a lifting mast requires a considerably increased swivel angle on the swivel joint of the support arm compared to the previously known, electrically driven swivel joint. Therefore, these known designs use a hydraulic thrust piston transmission as a drive, the swivel angle of which could be increased to 240 ° via mechanical steering gear and also subdivides the arm with another swivel joint of this type. Then, however, the distribution of two drive media is based on that Support arm swivel and the mast swivel no longer feasible. On the other hand, safety concerns arise because the swivel joint and the adjustment of the lifting arm must be carried out with the hydraulic medium, so that the position of the passenger platform can no longer be corrected if the hydraulic system fails.

Because of the hydraulic design, the control chain comprising the control device is extremely complicated and unsatisfactory because it has to work with hydraulic and electrical energy. This results in particular in the problem of the control chain fluttering around the setpoint, which leads to considerable vibrations on the passenger platform. ;

Furthermore, the weight of the lifting arm is relatively large because the pushing piston gears that serve to drive the supporting arm and are filled with working fluid and their handlebar ratios that are used are very heavy.

The invention has for its object to form the initially known presupposed adjustable person platform so that it can be used not only as a changing device, but as a permanently attached work tool with a versatile adjustable mast and offers greater security for those on the platform .

According to the invention, this object is achieved with the characterizing features of claim 1. Appropriate embodiments of the invention are again in the subclaims given.

According to the invention, the limitation of the angle of rotation of the support arm of the person platform in both directions of rotation of the motor is completely eliminated by the gear train, so that the person platform can be used together with any adjustable mast types. Due to its design, the gear train is not sufficiently self-locking to prevent the platform from swinging in the support arm swivel. It is made usable for the invention by the directional clutches. With these clutches, the switching process depends on the direction of the relative rotation between the input and output member. By using several, i.e. in particular two of these e.g. clutches designed as idler roller clutches so that their freewheeling state is given in one direction of motor rotation and their locking state prevails in both pivoting directions of the support arm, one can automatically switch off the swinging of the platform. In the event of electrical power failure, this enables the accidental misalignment of the person platform to be avoided and, in the normal case, the fluttering around the setpoint that occurs with most regulators with inclinometers, which is difficult to control in terms of control technology and represents a source of danger for the people on the platform.

The invention therefore has the advantage that it avoids, in a particularly simple manner, the hitherto complicated design and the associated high outlay and weight loads. It still allows a practically unlimited th work area of the passenger platform and can enable multiple use of complicated lifting masts, in particular as a changing device.

Preferably and according to a further feature of the invention (claim 2) the use of fast running drive motors, e.g. of pneumatic and hydraulic drive motors possible because it has been found that the torques required on the support arm can be applied by such motors with relatively low power. The division of the transmission proposed for this purpose according to the invention has the advantage that a reduction can be achieved with the worm stage, which e.g. Is 1: 8 and makes it possible to level the platform with a few turns of the handwheel in the event of danger. On the other hand, the epicyclic gear output stage has the advantage that the breaking loads required when the platform is overloaded are easy to achieve because of the constant engagement of several gears and therefore a simple and light design is made possible overall.

Furthermore, with one embodiment of the invention (claim 3), an electric drive type of the support arm pivot joint of the passenger platform can be realized, which manages with high-speed DC motors. As is known, disc rotors are DC motors, the rotor of which consists of an iron-free synthetic resin disc with current conductors attached to it, with nominal speeds between 2100 rpm and 4500 rpm and maximum speeds up to 6000 rpm. The in-line planetary gear enables in cooperation with the worm input stage a sufficient reduction of these high speeds. The runners have a bell-shaped winding basket, which is enclosed on the inside and outside by the field.

In these embodiments of the invention, it is possible to make do with small-sized gears and very small electrical powers, which in turn enable a substantial reduction in weight and thereby simplify stability problems.

In such embodiments of the invention, it is also possible to store the electrical power required for the operation of the swivel joint for one or more uses (claim 4). You become independent of the electric battery of the vehicle and thereby gain additional security, because even if the electric power fails, there is sufficient energy to maintain the horizontal position of the passenger platform.

A particularly expedient embodiment of the invention is possible with a lifting mast that has a very large working area (claim 5). Such a mast in particular makes it possible to reach over or under parts of the building.

• Fig. 1 den Flieger und das anschließende Mittelstück eines Hubmastes, der zusammen mit der einstellbaren Personenplattform gemäß der Erfindung verwendet werden kann, wobei die letztere als Anbaugerät ausgebildet ist,
• Fig. 2 den fertig ausgerüsteten Hubmast für die einstellbare Personenplattform,
• Fig. 3 den Hubmast nach den Figuren 1 und 2 bei Verwendung als Betonverteilermast,
• Fig. 4 eine mögliche Arbeitsstellung des Hubmastes bei der Inspektion einer Brückenplatte,
• Fig. 5 den Hubmast bei Einsatz der einstellbaren Personenplattform als Rettungsgerät,
• Fig. 6 eine andere Darstellung des Hubmastes als Rettungsgerät in der Fig. 5 entsprechender Wiedergabe,
• Fig. 7 eine schematische Darstellung des Drehgelenkgetriebes,
• Fig. 8 eine schematische Darstellung des Drehgelenkes und der Personenplattform in der Ausführungsart nach den Fig. 1-6 in Stirnansicht,
• Fig. 9 eine Draufsicht auf den Gegenstand der Fig. 8,
• Fig. 10 einen Schaltplan und
• Fig. 11 eine für Arbeiten an stromführenden Teilen besonders geeignete Ausführungsart der Erfindung.

The details, further features and other advantages of the invention result from the following description of an embodiment with reference to the figures in the drawing; show it

• 1 shows the aircraft and the subsequent center piece of a lifting mast, which can be used together with the adjustable passenger platform according to the invention, the latter being designed as an attachment,
• 2 the fully equipped lifting mast for the adjustable passenger platform,
• 3 the lifting mast according to FIGS. 1 and 2 when used as a concrete placing boom,
• 4 shows a possible working position of the lifting mast during the inspection of a bridge plate,
• 5 the mast when using the adjustable passenger platform as a rescue device,
• 6 shows another representation of the mast as a rescue device in FIG. 5 corresponding representation,
• 7 is a schematic representation of the swivel gear,
• 8 shows a schematic illustration of the swivel joint and the person platform in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1-6 in front view,
• 9 is a plan view of the subject of FIG. 8,
• Fig. 10 is a circuit diagram and
• 11 shows an embodiment of the invention which is particularly suitable for work on live parts.

5 and 6, a structure, generally designated 2, is provided on a standard truck chassis 1, which is connected to the side members of the vehicle chassis. The structure has a plurality of lateral supports 3 and 4, which in turn are designed as telescopic, preferably hydraulically driven booms 5 with drive by a hydraulic thrust piston transmission formed by a cylinder 6 or a piston rod 7 and have bottom supports 8 at their tips, which in turn are formed by a hydraulically actuated cylinder 9 and an extendable piston rod 10 with a base plate 11.

Behind the cab there is a slewing ring, which is not shown, but which has a vertical column 19, which is around the kingpin of the slewing ring can move. It is used for displacing a swivel joint 12 with a drive 13 of a thrust piston pivot gear 14. The pivot 12 includes a base section 15 to the column 1 ₉ at whose tip an additional pivot joint 16 transmits having a pivot drive 17th The swivel drive 17 also has as a motor a thrust piston gear 18 with a lever ratio 20. The swivel joint 16 serves to connect a middle piece 21 to the basic boom 15. The free end of the middle piece 21 carries a swivel joint 22, which in turn is provided with a drive 23 which consists of a thrust piston 24 and a link mechanism 25 and in turn is effective like the transmission 17 and over a swivel angle of 180 °.

The swivel joint 22 is used to connect a flyer 26 which, with the help of the swivel gear 23 and corresponding actuation of the two further swivel gears 13 and 17, is folded in under the middle piece 21 and over the basic boom 15, i.e. can be "rolled folded".

The device described so far is known in principle. So far, however, it has only served as a concrete placing boom, i.e. on the mast sections 15, 21 and 26 pipes are fastened, which are connected to one another via pipe joints or hoses and through which concrete is pressed by a concrete pump displaced on the chassis 1 and connected to the structure 2.

According to the invention, this device is redesigned so that the end 28 of the flyer 26 is designed as a half 29 of a clutch 30, the two halves 29, 31 of which are screwed together. _J ung 33 have that can be solved at any time. 3, a coupling 32 can be screwed, the coupling half 34 is fastened to one end of the coupling 32, the other end of which is used to displace a tube 35 to which a hose 36 is connected. The hose 36 forms the end of the concrete line starting from the concrete pump described, which is guided over the placing boom, the hose 36 making it possible to distribute the concrete on the building surface to be concreted.

When the coupling half 34 is exchanged for the coupling half 31, on the other hand, an adjustable platform 38 can be attached to the aircraft 26, which in principle consists of a basket 39 which has a grid 40. Under the platform 38, a rigid arm 42 is attached at 41, which projects upwards at right angles to the plane of the platform 38 and has a swivel joint 43, with which the platform 38 is connected to the coupling piece 31 and thus to the flyer 26. The swivel joint 43 enables the arm 42 to be pivoted in the plane of the swivel joints 12, 16 and 22 of the lifting mast explained above.

One of the possibilities made possible by the overall arrangement consisting of the adjustable passenger platform 38 and the lifting mast described is shown in FIG. 4. There is the bridge plate 50 of an elevated road 52 which, as shown at 53, is elevated. With the help of the various swivel drives 13, 17 and 23, the Adjust the mast from its folded - roll-folded - position, as described above, in such a way that its basic boom, its boom center piece 21 and its flyer 26 form an open U in the direction of the stand 53 of the bridge plate 50, the platform 38 in during the entire pivoting movement to be described horizontally. The same applies to the folding back of the mast into the rolled-up position.

While FIG. 4 shows a possible working position of the platform 38 for inspection work, FIGS. 5 and 6 show the use of the working platform 38 as a rescue device. It is assumed that, in the case of FIG. 4, the rear side 54 of the building 55 shown cannot be reached from the street 56 on which the truck 1 is installed. As can be seen from FIG. 5, in this case the rear side 54 of the building 55 can be reached via the roof 57.

In the case of FIG. 5, a high-rise building 58 is selected as an exemplary embodiment, which is designed with a high-rise building 60 placed on a low-rise building 59. Via the low-rise wing section 59 projecting far in the direction of the street 61, the lifting tower can be reached from the sections 15, 21 and 26 with the work platform 38 with the work platform 38 as shown.

As can be seen in particular from the illustration in FIG. 8, the adjustable platform 38 is connected with the free end 63 of its arm 42 to the output shaft 64 of a gearbox, generally designated 65, that is to say connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. The gearbox has one Input stage 66 with one or more worm gear stages. This is followed by an epicyclic gear 67, the details of which can be seen in particular from the illustration in FIG. 7. The gearbox housing generally designated 68 and flanged to the end 28 of the _F liegers. The housing of a control system is shown at 69, which will be described with reference to FIG. 10 and which essentially has a control device comprising an electrical inclinometer, which holds the platform 38 horizontally. On the work platform 38, eccentric loads, for example, consisting of work equipment or people, can also be predefined at 71 about the geometric axis 70 of the transmission output shaft 64.

The details of the transmission are shown in FIG. 7. Thereafter, a Schencke 73 sits on the input shaft 74 of the transmission part 66, on the housing 74 of which the motor housing is flanged as shown at 76 in FIG. 8. The worm drives a worm wheel 79 which is fixed on a shaft 80 which has a first direction-switched clutch, which is followed by a further clutch 82 connected in the opposite direction. This results in an effective backstop in both directions of rotation of the support arm. The shaft 80 is hollow and makes it possible to connect in this way a shaft 83 to, for example, with _K lemm bodies working clutch 81st The free end of the shaft 83 carries a handwheel 84 with a crank 85. The crank 85 (FIG. 8) can be reached from the platform 38 and enables the gear 67 instead of the gear part 66, ie the worm 73 and the To drive worm wheel 79 from outside via hollow shaft 80 with shaft 83.

Bei einem Durchmesser des Handrades von 125 mm läßt sich das Getriebe mit der Kurbel 85 drehen.At the output 86 of the backstop 81, 82 there is the input shaft 87 of one composed of three stages Series planetary gear 67. The reduction stages run from A to the output shaft 64 of the gear B. They are identified by I, I and I ". In the selected embodiment, the reductions are

With a diameter of the handwheel of 125 mm, the gear can be turned with the crank 85.

According to FIG. 10, the voltage supply of the fast running electric motor 97 consists of a 12 V battery 91, which can have a capacity of 20 Ah. It is powered by the vehicle's on-board battery, which can have a voltage of 24 V. The charging of the battery is monitored by an electrical charge control. This constantly compares the voltage of the supply battery with that of the on-board battery. Overcharging of the supply battery91 is therefore excluded.

The electrical inclinometer 92 as a transmitter is located in a two-chamber housing and consists of a pendulum that is dampened with glycerin. The pendulum is connected to a servo potentiometer, from which the electrical signals are taken.

Each voltage change is applied to the electronic threshold circuit 94a, 94b via an integrator 93 and compared with adjustable setpoints. In the circuit shown, these can be ± 2 °, 0 ° ± 8 ° gene.

If the working platform 38 has an inclination of, for example, ⁺ 2 °, the thyristors for the control 96 of the electric drive motor 7 are ignited via the power stage 95, which can be designed as a disk or bell-type rotor motor.

With the disc rotor of this motor, the platform is moved to the zero position. As soon as O ° is recognized by the sensor, the motor is switched off.

If an inclination greater than -2 ° builds up, the second threshold switch 94b detects this, which at 8 ° gives a signal to a power contactor which switches the system off. The platform can then be moved using the hand crank 85.

11, an extension piece 100 is screwed onto the flyer 26 of the mast via the connection 30. The extension piece 100 consists of a carrier 101, which is designed as a box-shaped hollow carrier made of glass fiber reinforced plastic. This hollow beam is permanently attached to the steel coupling half 31 with several connections 102. An end section 104 of an optical fiber cable is passed through the cavity 103 of the carrier 101 and can be connected with the aid of a coupling 105 to the feed line 106 guided through the lifting mast and with a further coupling 107 to the control unit (not shown). In this case, the power supply is provided by a panel 109 provided with solar cells 108. Insulators 110, thereby and. which form a structural unit with the carrier 101, complete electrical insulation of the person platform 38 attached to the swivel joint 43 with the support arm 42 from the lifting mast is possible. Therefore, this design is suitable for working on high-voltage lines without endangering the people standing on the person platform 38. It is controlled via the fiber optic cable or optionally via a radio connection.

In the illustrated embodiments, the output shaft 64 of the transmission 65 forms the rotatable part of the joint 43, while the transmission housing 68 represents the fixed part of the joint 43. This gear housing has a flange which can be screwed to the end of the lifting arm or to the attachment piece 32 with a counter flange. Since the motor housing, in turn, as shown at 76 in FIG. 8, can be flanged onto the gear housing 68, a changeover device results, which, however, can also be permanently attached to a lifting mast. The output shaft 64 forming the rotatable part of the joint 43 can be connected to the lifting arm 42 with a wedge coupling.

Claims (6)

1. adjustable passenger platform (38), which is rotatably connected to the lifting mast end with a support arm (42) and a swivel joint (43) in the pivoting plane of the sections (15, 21, 26) of the lifting mast and by a switchable motor (97), in particular an electric motor via a reduction gear (66, 67) and by a controller comprising an inclinometer (92) control is automatically held horizontally, characterized in that the reduction gear designed as a gear mechanism (66, 67) controls the rotatable part (64) of the rotation -The joint (43) drives directly and that between the support arm (42) and the motor there are several direction-switched couplings (81, 86) which block the rotation of the support arm (42) in both directions of rotation and which in each case in one of the directions of rotation of the motor (97 ) release the direction of rotation of the support arm (42). 2. Adjustable personal platform according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (75) flanged to the lifting mast gear (66, 67) has a worm input stage (66) driven by the motor (97), which via the built-in directional clutches ( 81, 86) drives a planetary gear (67) as the output stage, and that a crankshaft (83, 84, 85) acts on the directional clutches (81, 86) bypassing the worm input stage (66). 3. Adjustable personal platform according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the electric motor (97) is designed as a disc or hollow rotor and the epicyclic gear (67) as a series planetary gear (I, I ', I "). 4. Adjustable personal platform according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a battery (91) is used for the voltage supply, which is provided with a charge control. 5. Adjustable passenger platform according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the lifting mast is designed as a known concrete placing boom, consisting of a basic boom (15), a boom center piece (21) and a flyer (26), the sections of which with the help are driven by 180 ° thrust piston gears (17, 23), the flyer (26) being able to be folded in between the middle piece (21) and the basic boom (15), and the tip (28) of the flyer (26) having a coupling (29) is provided, which is provided for the optional connection of a concrete distributor line (35) or an attachment piece (31) of the joint (43) for the arm (42) of the work platform (38). 6. Adjustable personal platform according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the attachment (31) of the joint (43) is constructed of insulating material and the control can be controlled by radio or by means of a gas fiber optic cable.

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