EP0098453B1 - Method for the production of hard, wear-resistant external coats on a metallic material - Google Patents

Method for the production of hard, wear-resistant external coats on a metallic material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0098453B1
EP0098453B1 EP83106058A EP83106058A EP0098453B1 EP 0098453 B1 EP0098453 B1 EP 0098453B1 EP 83106058 A EP83106058 A EP 83106058A EP 83106058 A EP83106058 A EP 83106058A EP 0098453 B1 EP0098453 B1 EP 0098453B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hard
hardened
wear
metallic material
production
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Expired
Application number
EP83106058A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0098453A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Peter Dr. Rer. Nat Kehrer
Jürgen Dr. Ing. Villain
Werner Reiff
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6167481&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0098453(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AT83106058T priority Critical patent/ATE22708T1/en
Publication of EP0098453A1 publication Critical patent/EP0098453A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C12/00—Solid state diffusion of at least one non-metal element other than silicon and at least one metal element or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C12/02—Diffusion in one step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
    • C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/60—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using solids, e.g. powders, pastes

Abstract

Hard, wear-proof surfaces are produced on a metallic material, such as a ferrous material, by applying a decomposable compound containing an element capable of hardening metallic materials, in the form of a powder, a paste-like admixture or a liquid, onto surfaces to be hardened, and applying an energy surge, obtained from, for example, a laser beam or an electron beam, to the surfaces containing such coating so as to decompose the coating and release the element which diffuses into the surface to be hardened. With this process, the base material is not subjected to any meaningful thermal loads and is not altered in term of its mechanical and physical properties.

Description

Zur Verbesserung des Verschleissverhaltens, z.B. von Werkzeugen, Bauteilen und Funktionsteilen, werden in zunehmendem Masse Verschleissschutzschichten eingesetzt. Hierfür stehen eine Vielzahl von Schichten zur Verfügung, die industriell aufgebracht werden können und je nach Herstellungsbedingungen unterschiedliche Eigenschaften aufweisen.To improve wear behavior, e.g. of tools, components and functional parts, wear protection layers are increasingly used. A large number of layers are available for this, which can be applied industrially and have different properties depending on the manufacturing conditions.

Harte, verschleissfeste Randschichten können mit herkömmlichen thermischen und thermochemischen Verfahren (z.B. Borieren, Aufkohlen, Nitrieren) erzeugt werden. Unter thermischen Verfahren versteht man das Erhitzen von Stahl auf Temperaturen im Austenit-Gebiet und ein anschliessendes rasches Abschrecken. Unter thermochemischen Verfahren werden Verfahren verstanden, bei denen an der Oberfläche des zu härtenden Teiles Verbindungen aus Bor, Stickstoff oder Kohlenstoff zersetzt werden, wobei dann die genannten Elemente in die Oberfläche eindiffundieren.Hard, wear-resistant surface layers can be created using conventional thermal and thermochemical processes (e.g. boronizing, carburizing, nitriding). Thermal processes are the heating of steel to temperatures in the austenite area and subsequent rapid quenching. Thermochemical processes are understood to mean processes in which compounds of boron, nitrogen or carbon are decomposed on the surface of the part to be hardened, the elements mentioned then diffusing into the surface.

Der Nachteil bei den thermischen Verfahren ist, dass ein härtbarer Werkstoff benötigt wird bzw. dass bei den thermochemischen Verfahren hohe Temperaturen und lange Prozesszeiten zu einer negativen Beeinflussung des Grundwerkstoffes führen können, so dass für das Gesamtsystem keine zufriedenstellenden Gebrauchseigenschaften erhalten werden. Ein partielles Härten ist mit diesen bekannten Verfahren nicht möglich. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zu konzipieren, das die Erzeugung einer harten, verschleissfesten Oberfläche in kurzer Zeit ermöglicht. Dabei soll der Grundwerkstoff keine Wärmebeeinflussung erfahren und deshalb in seinen mechanischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften nicht verändert werden.The disadvantage of the thermal processes is that a hardenable material is required or that the thermochemical processes can cause high temperatures and long process times to have a negative influence on the base material, so that the overall system does not have satisfactory performance properties. Partial hardening is not possible with these known methods. The invention has for its object to design a method that enables the generation of a hard, wear-resistant surface in a short time. The base material should not be affected by heat and its mechanical and physical properties should therefore not be changed.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass auf die zu härtende Oberfläche eine Verbindung aufgebracht und durch einen Energiestoss zersetzt wird, wobei ein Element frei wird, das in die zu härtende Oberfläche eindiffundiert. Der wesentliche Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, dass Werkstücke in eng begrenzten Bereichen randschichtgehärtet werden können. Das Eindiffundieren geschieht bei dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren in kurzer Zeit, da eine beschleunigte Oberflächendiffusion abläuft. Die Abkühlung erfolgt durch Wärmeableitung in das Werkstück. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine Randschicht, die von den bekannten Diffusionsschichten in ihrer Struktur und Ausbildung (Form der Verbindung) abweicht.This object is achieved in that a connection is applied to the surface to be hardened and is decomposed by an energy surge, thereby releasing an element which diffuses into the surface to be hardened. The main advantage of the invention is that workpieces can be surface hardened in narrowly limited areas. The process according to the invention diffuses in in a short time, since an accelerated surface diffusion takes place. The cooling takes place by heat dissipation in the workpiece. This creates an edge layer that differs from the known diffusion layers in its structure and design (form of connection).

Als diffundierende Elemente finden z.B. Bor oder Stickstoff Verwendung. Es ist zwar bereits bekannt, Bor, Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff im Zusammenhang mit bekannten thermochemischen Verfahren in die Oberfläche von Werkstücken eindiffundieren zu lassen. Bei diesen bekannten Verfahren handelt es sich aber um einen längeren Prozess, da die Grenzflächenreaktion aufgrund der Energiezufuhr langsamer abläuft. Ausserdem bilden sich bei den bekannten Verfahren Gleichgewichtszustände aus. Das neue Verfahren beruht aber darauf, dass ein Ungleichgewichtszustand an der Oberfläche erzeugt wird.As diffusing elements e.g. Boron or nitrogen use. It is already known to allow boron, carbon and nitrogen to diffuse into the surface of workpieces in connection with known thermochemical processes. However, these known methods are a longer process because the interface reaction takes place more slowly due to the energy input. In addition, equilibrium states are formed in the known methods. The new method is based on the fact that an imbalance state is created on the surface.

Als Energiequelle eignen sich Laser- und Elektronenstrahlen oder eine Kurzzeiterwärmung über elektrischen Strom. Mit Hilfe dieser Energiequellen ist überhaupt erst ein partielles Härten in kurzen Zeiten mit thermochemischen Verfahren möglich.Laser and electron beams or short-term heating via electrical current are suitable as energy sources. With the help of these energy sources, partial hardening in short times is only possible with thermochemical processes.

Die Figur zeigt den Härteverlauf in der Randschicht einer laserborierten Probe aus Dynamoblech.The figure shows the hardness curve in the surface layer of a laser-boron sample made of dynamo sheet.

In dem Diagramm ist auf der Abszisse der Randabstand in µm und auf der Ordinate der Härteverlauf in Vickers-Härte bei einer Prüflast von 25 p (HV 0,025) aufgetragen. Aus der durch fünf Messpunkte verlaufenden Kurve ist deutlich zu erkennen, dass die Härtung im vorliegenden Fall nach einem Randabstand von ca. 20 Jlm rasch abnimmt. Diese Stärke ist in der Praxis aber für die Verbesserung des Verschleissverhaltens, z.B. von Funktionsteilen und Werkzeugen, durchaus ausreichend. An der Oberfläche entstehen Gefüge und Phasen hoher Härte. Nach dem Diagramm liegt in der Randschicht bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel eine Härte von ca. 2000 HV 0,025 vor. Röntgenographisch wurde hier das Eisenborid Fe2B nachgewiesen.In the diagram, the edge distance in µm is plotted on the abscissa and the hardness curve in Vickers hardness is plotted on the ordinate at a test load of 25 p (HV 0.025). From the curve running through five measuring points it can be clearly seen that the hardening in the present case decreases rapidly after an edge distance of approx. 20 Jlm. In practice, however, this strength is quite sufficient to improve wear behavior, for example of functional parts and tools. Structures and phases of high hardness develop on the surface. According to the diagram, there is a hardness of approx. 2000 HV 0.025 in the outer layer in the exemplary embodiment. The iron boride Fe 2 B was detected here by X-ray.

Claims (3)

1. A process for the production of hard, wearre- sistant external coatings on a metallic material, e.g. an iron material, after a thermochemical treatment of short duration, characterised in that a compound is applied to the surface to be hardened and is decomposed by a surge of energy, whereby an element is freed which diffuses into the surface to be hardened.
2. A process as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that boron or nitrogen, for example, are used as diffusing elements.
3. A process as claimed in Claim 2, character- . ised in that as energy sources for an energy surge, laser and electron beams, for example, are used, or a short-duration heating is produced by means of an electric current.
EP83106058A 1982-07-02 1983-06-21 Method for the production of hard, wear-resistant external coats on a metallic material Expired EP0098453B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83106058T ATE22708T1 (en) 1982-07-02 1983-06-21 PROCESS FOR CREATING HARD, WEAR-RESISTANT SURFACE LAYERS ON A METALLIC MATERIAL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19823224810 DE3224810A1 (en) 1982-07-02 1982-07-02 METHOD FOR PRODUCING HARD, WEAR-RESISTANT EDGE LAYERS ON A METAL MATERIAL
DE3224810 1982-07-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0098453A1 EP0098453A1 (en) 1984-01-18
EP0098453B1 true EP0098453B1 (en) 1986-10-08

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EP83106058A Expired EP0098453B1 (en) 1982-07-02 1983-06-21 Method for the production of hard, wear-resistant external coats on a metallic material

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4537793A (en)
EP (1) EP0098453B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5913064A (en)
AT (1) ATE22708T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8303546A (en)
DE (2) DE3224810A1 (en)
DK (1) DK304683A (en)

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JPS61204372A (en) * 1985-03-06 1986-09-10 Univ Osaka Method for making material amorphous by use of implantation of heterogeneous atom into solid by electron beam
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK304683D0 (en) 1983-07-01
DE3366714D1 (en) 1986-11-13
EP0098453A1 (en) 1984-01-18
BR8303546A (en) 1984-02-14
JPS5913064A (en) 1984-01-23
DE3224810A1 (en) 1984-01-05
US4537793A (en) 1985-08-27
ATE22708T1 (en) 1986-10-15
DK304683A (en) 1984-01-03

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