EP0096092B1 - Device for sorting metal pieces - Google Patents

Device for sorting metal pieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0096092B1
EP0096092B1 EP82104970A EP82104970A EP0096092B1 EP 0096092 B1 EP0096092 B1 EP 0096092B1 EP 82104970 A EP82104970 A EP 82104970A EP 82104970 A EP82104970 A EP 82104970A EP 0096092 B1 EP0096092 B1 EP 0096092B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conveyor belt
metal parts
detector
belt
rays
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP82104970A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0096092A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Sczimarowski
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Priority to DE8282104970T priority Critical patent/DE3275274D1/en
Priority to EP82104970A priority patent/EP0096092B1/en
Publication of EP0096092A1 publication Critical patent/EP0096092A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/346—Sorting according to other particular properties according to radioactive properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
    • B07C2501/0036—Sorting out metallic particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
    • B07C2501/0054—Sorting of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for sorting metal parts, in particular scrap pieces, according to their composition in the passage over a conveyor belt, under which an X-ray or isotope radiation source is fastened near the underside of the belt, the rays of which penetrate the conveyor belt in order to reach the metal parts, thereby collecting of the beams emitted by the metal parts, at least one detector is provided, to which a computer is connected, which analyzes the electrical signals generated by the detector and controls downstream sorting devices.
  • a method and a device for sorting metal parts in a pass through a transport device in which a continuous sorting according to different metals and alloys is achieved.
  • the metal parts placed on the running transport device move through X-rays or isotope beams within a short range of motion and the beams emitted by the metal parts, in particular X-ray spectra, are collected by at least one detector and analyzed by a computer that controls downstream sorting devices.
  • the object of the invention is to improve a device of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that a high measurement and analysis accuracy is achieved.
  • the conveyor belt is made of plastic or rubber and has small openings or openings, that the conveyor belt is curved in a channel shape transversely to the longitudinal direction, and that the radiation source and detector are arranged approximately radially to the belt curvature and in particular emit or emit rays in this direction received.
  • Metal parts 1, in particular smaller and larger pieces of scrap, are fed one by one onto a conveyor belt 3 by a feed device 2, in particular through an inclined shaking plane.
  • the material of the conveyor belt is largely transparent to X-rays and is made of plastic or rubber.
  • the conveyor belt can also regularly have openings, openings or be of wide mesh. Fer The conveyor belt is then curved in cross section in such a way that the longitudinal edges lie higher than the intermediate central region.
  • the revolving conveyor belt 3 guides the metal parts under a radiation protection hood 4, which overlaps the belt.
  • a radiation generator 5 and, for example, a detector with a Dewar vessel 6 are fastened next to one another radially to the belt curvature, transversely to the belt direction, below the belt when the energy-disperse system is used.
  • the generator 5 generates X-ray, gamma or isotope beams, which are generated by an X-ray tube or isotope and are directed radially to the band curvature on the metal parts 1.
  • the characteristic rays emitted by the metal parts in accordance with their type of metal and their type of alloy, in particular (X-ray) radiation spectra (X-ray fluorescence radiation), are collected by the detector 6 arranged next to the generator and converted into electrical pulses. Liquid nitrogen is used to cool the detector using an energy-dispersive method. Since the beam generator 5 and detector 6 are arranged under the conveyor belt, there is a largely equal distance from all metal parts so that the beams reaching the detector do not fluctuate too much.
  • the electrical signals generated by the detector are fed to a computer with a sorting process control, which compares the measurement signals of the detector with signals that have already been stored, in particular X-ray fluorescence patterns of analyzed metals or alloys, and then controls the sorters located on the conveyor belt accordingly.
  • sorting devices 7 are provided next to or above the conveyor belt 3, which throw the metal parts into containers 8 arranged next to the belt and behind the belt in accordance with the control signals given by the computer.
  • the sorting can be done by mechanical switches or by air nozzles that blow the metal pieces to be separated off the belt.
  • the beam generator and detector can be attached to the side or above the metal parts.
  • a radioactive substance is suitable as a radiation source.

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  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Metallteilen, insbesondere von Schrottstücken, nach ihrer Zusammensetzung im Durchlauf über ein Transportband, unter dem nahe der Bandunterseite eine Röntgen- oder lsotopenstrahlenquelle befestigt ist, deren Strahlen das Transportband durchdringen um die Metallteile zu erreichen, wobei zum Auffangen der von den Metallteilen abgegebenen Strahlen mindestens ein Detektor vorgesehen ist, an weichen ein Rechner angeschlossen ist, der die vom Detektor erzeugten elektrischen Signale analysiert und nachgeordnete Sortiergeräte steuert.The invention relates to a device for sorting metal parts, in particular scrap pieces, according to their composition in the passage over a conveyor belt, under which an X-ray or isotope radiation source is fastened near the underside of the belt, the rays of which penetrate the conveyor belt in order to reach the metal parts, thereby collecting of the beams emitted by the metal parts, at least one detector is provided, to which a computer is connected, which analyzes the electrical signals generated by the detector and controls downstream sorting devices.

In der Technik werden Metallteile unterschiedlichster chemischer Zusammensetzung erzeugt. Andererseits fallen Schrotte in erheblichen Mengen an, wie z.B. Schredderschrotte, die Stücke unterschiedlichster chemischer Zusammensetzung enthalten. Eine Rückgewinnung zu gebrauchsfähigen Metallen ist kaum möglich, da eine Schmelze aus Schrotten nur selten in ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung und in ihren Gebrauchseigenschaften einer Gebrauchslegierung genügt. Weiterverarbeitungen mit aufwendigen metallurgischen Verfahren sind unwirtschaftlich.Metal parts of various chemical compositions are produced in technology. On the other hand, there are large amounts of scrap, e.g. Shredder scrap containing pieces of various chemical compositions. A recovery to usable metals is hardly possible, since a melt from scrap only rarely suffices in its chemical composition and in its properties of use as a working alloy. Further processing with complex metallurgical processes is uneconomical.

Im Falle der Produktionsüberwachung nach chemischer Zusammensetzung musste man sich bisher mit Stichprobenkontrollen zufrieden geben. Bei Schrott ist ein Sortieren selbst von Hand kaum möglich, da dies unsicher und langwierig ist. Andere bekannte Verfahren versuchen eine Trennung nach dem spezifischen Gewicht der Metalle, z. B. in Schwimm-, Rüttel-, Zentrifugierverfahren oder nach elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften. Die Verfahren führen zu keinem sicheren Erfolg und lassen auch keine Trennung nach Legierungen innerhalb der Legierungsreihen bei gleichen Grundmetallen zu. Auch sind übliche Analysemethoden wegen ihres Zeitaufwandes unpraktikabel. Sie erfordern aufwendige Probenahme, Probenvorbereitung und Analysen an kleinen Stücken.In the case of production monitoring based on chemical composition, previously it had to be satisfied with random checks. Sorting scrap is hardly possible even by hand as this is unsafe and lengthy. Other known methods attempt separation by the specific weight of the metals, e.g. B. in swimming, vibrating, centrifuging or electromagnetic properties. The processes do not lead to a certain success and also do not allow separation according to alloys within the alloy series with the same base metals. Common analysis methods are also impractical because of their time expenditure. They require complex sampling, sample preparation and analysis on small pieces.

Aus der CA-A 1 110996 ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Metallteilen im Durchlauf über eine Transportvorrichtung bekannt, bei dem bzw. der eine kontinuierliche Sortierung nach unterschiedlichen Metallen und Legierungen erreicht wird. Die auf die laufende Transporteinrichtung gegebenen Metallteile durchwandern innerhalb eines kurzen Bewegungsbereiches Röntgen- oder Isotopenstrahlen und die von den Metallteilen abgegebenen Strahlen, insbesondere Röntgenspektren werden von mindestens einem Detektor aufgefangen und von einem Rechner analysiert, der nachgeordnete Sortiergeräte steuert.From CA-A 1 110996 a method and a device for sorting metal parts in a pass through a transport device is known, in which a continuous sorting according to different metals and alloys is achieved. The metal parts placed on the running transport device move through X-rays or isotope beams within a short range of motion and the beams emitted by the metal parts, in particular X-ray spectra, are collected by at least one detector and analyzed by a computer that controls downstream sorting devices.

Aus der FR-A 2 271 880 ist ein Verfahren zum Sortieren von Metallteilen mit einer unterhalb eines Förderbandes angeordneten Strahlenquelle bekannt, deren Strahlen das Förderband durchdringen. Auch aus dem GB-A 1103591 ist es bekannt, ein Förderband von Strahlen durchdringen zu lassen, um Teile zu sortieren. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass für ein sehr exaktes Messen Ungenauigkeiten aufgrund des Durchdringens des Materials des Förderbandes entstehen. Dies auch dann, wenn dieses aus Kunststoff oder Gummi hergestellt ist. Dies liegt u.a. daran, dass die Strahlung nicht nur von unten nach oben das Transportband durchdringen muss um den zu analysierenden Gegenstand zu erreichen, sondern die vom Gegenstand reflektierte Strahlung muss das Förderband noch einmal durchdringen. Da diese reflektierte Strahlung von wesentlich geringerer Intensität ist als die Anfangsstrahlung stellt das Förderband insbesondere dann ein das Ergebnis verfälschendes Material dar, wenn feinste Messungen erreicht werden sollen.From FR-A 2 271 880 a method for sorting metal parts with a radiation source arranged below a conveyor belt is known, the rays of which penetrate the conveyor belt. It is also known from GB - A 1103591 to let a conveyor belt penetrate rays in order to sort parts. It has been shown that inaccuracies arise due to the penetration of the material of the conveyor belt for very precise measurement. This also applies if it is made of plastic or rubber. One of the reasons for this is that the radiation not only has to penetrate the conveyor belt from bottom to top in order to reach the object to be analyzed, but the radiation reflected by the object has to penetrate the conveyor belt again. Since this reflected radiation is of a much lower intensity than the initial radiation, the conveyor belt is a material which falsifies the result, in particular when very fine measurements are to be achieved.

Ferner ist aus der US-A 4 279 346 eine Vorrichtung zum Sortieren von Obst bekannt, dessen Förderband Durchbrüche aufweist um sichtbares Licht durchdringen zu lassen.Furthermore, a device for sorting fruit is known from US Pat. No. 4,279,346, the conveyor belt of which has openings to allow visible light to pass through.

Bei den bekannten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen, die ein Förderband für die zu sortierenden Metallteile verwenden, ist nicht gewährleistet, dass die Metallteile sich stets im selben Abstand zur Strahlenquelle befinden. Dies resultiert daraus, dass die auf dem Förderband liegenden Metallteile auf den äusseren Rändern des Bandes von der Strahlenquelle weiter entfernt sind als in Bandmitte. Hierdurch werden ungenaue Messwerte erzielt.In the known methods and devices that use a conveyor belt for the metal parts to be sorted, it is not guaranteed that the metal parts are always at the same distance from the radiation source. This results from the fact that the metal parts lying on the conveyor belt on the outer edges of the belt are further away from the radiation source than in the middle of the belt. This results in inaccurate measurements.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so zu verbessern, dass eine hohe Mess- und Analysegenauigkeit erreicht wird.The object of the invention is to improve a device of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that a high measurement and analysis accuracy is achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass das Transportband aus Kunststoff oder Gummi besteht und kleine Durchbrüche oder Öffnungen aufweist, dass das Transportband quer zur Längsrichtung rinnenförmig gewölbt ist und dass Strahlenquelle und Detektor etwa radial zur Bandwölbung angeordnet sind und insbesondere in dieser Richtung Strahlen abgeben bzw. empfangen.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the conveyor belt is made of plastic or rubber and has small openings or openings, that the conveyor belt is curved in a channel shape transversely to the longitudinal direction, and that the radiation source and detector are arranged approximately radially to the belt curvature and in particular emit or emit rays in this direction received.

Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass die Metallteile stets nahe der Strahlenquelle und dem Detektor liegen, so dass sehr exakte Messwerte und damit genaue Analyseergebnisse erzielt werden. Eine konstruktiv einfache und sicher arbeitende Vorrichtung wird dadurch erreicht, dass die nachgeordneten Sortiergeräte zur Beförderung der Metallteile vom Transportband mechanische Aus-wurfeinrichtungen und/oder Luftdüsen aufweisen. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung und
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt nach 11-11 in Fig. 1.
This ensures that the metal parts are always close to the radiation source and the detector, so that very exact measurement values and thus exact analysis results are achieved. A structurally simple and safe device is achieved in that the downstream sorting devices for conveying the metal parts from the conveyor belt have mechanical ejection devices and / or air nozzles. An embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in the drawing and is described in more detail below. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of the device and
  • FIG. 2 shows a section according to 11-11 in FIG. 1.

Metallteile 1, insbesondere kleinere und grössere Schrottstücke, werden durch eine Aufgabevorrichtung 2, insbesondere durch eine schräge Schüttelebene, auf ein Förderband 3 einzeln hintereinander aufgegeben. Das Material des Förderbandes ist weitestgehend für Röntgenstrahlen durchlässig und besteht hierzu aus Kunststoff oder Gummi. Alternativ kann das Förderband auch Öffnungen, Durchbrüche regelmässig aufweisen oder weitmaschig ausgebildet sein. Ferner ist das Förderband derart im Querschnitt gewölbt, dass die Längsränder höher liegen als der zwischenliegende mittlere Bereich.Metal parts 1, in particular smaller and larger pieces of scrap, are fed one by one onto a conveyor belt 3 by a feed device 2, in particular through an inclined shaking plane. The material of the conveyor belt is largely transparent to X-rays and is made of plastic or rubber. Alternatively, the conveyor belt can also regularly have openings, openings or be of wide mesh. Fer The conveyor belt is then curved in cross section in such a way that the longitudinal edges lie higher than the intermediate central region.

Das umlaufende Förderband 3 führt die Metallteile unter eine Strahlenschutzhaube 4, die das Band übergreift. Im Bereich dieser Haube sind unterhalb des Bandes nahe der Bandunterseite ein Strahlengenerator 5 und beispielsweise ein Detektor mit Dewar-Gefäss 6 quer zur Bandrichtung nebeneinander radial zur Bandwölbung befestigt, wenn das energiedisperse System verwendet wird. Der Generator 5 erzeugt Röntgen-, Gamma- oder Isotopenstrahlen, die von einer Röntgenröhre oder Isotopen erzeugt werden und radial zur Bandwölbung auf die Metallteile 1 gerichtet sind. Die von den Metallteilen entsprechend deren Metallart und deren Legierungsart abgegebenen charakteristischen Strahlen, insbesondere (Röntgen-)Strahlenspektren (Röntgenfluoreszenzstrahlung), werden von dem neben dem Generator angeordneten Detektor 6 aufgefangen und in elektrische Impulse umgewandelt. Zur Kühlung des Detektors wird bei Verwendung einer energiedispersen Methode flüssiger Stickstoff verwendet. Da Strahlengenerator 5 und Detektor 6 unter dem Förderband angeordnet sind, besteht für alle Metallteile ein weitgehend gleicher Abstand zu diesen, so dass die den Detektor erreichenden Strahlen nicht zu stark schwanken.The revolving conveyor belt 3 guides the metal parts under a radiation protection hood 4, which overlaps the belt. In the area of this hood, a radiation generator 5 and, for example, a detector with a Dewar vessel 6 are fastened next to one another radially to the belt curvature, transversely to the belt direction, below the belt when the energy-disperse system is used. The generator 5 generates X-ray, gamma or isotope beams, which are generated by an X-ray tube or isotope and are directed radially to the band curvature on the metal parts 1. The characteristic rays emitted by the metal parts in accordance with their type of metal and their type of alloy, in particular (X-ray) radiation spectra (X-ray fluorescence radiation), are collected by the detector 6 arranged next to the generator and converted into electrical pulses. Liquid nitrogen is used to cool the detector using an energy-dispersive method. Since the beam generator 5 and detector 6 are arranged under the conveyor belt, there is a largely equal distance from all metal parts so that the beams reaching the detector do not fluctuate too much.

Die vom Detektor erzeugten elektrischen Signale werden einem Rechner mit einer Sortierprozesssteuerung zugeführt, der die Messsignale des Detektors mit schon gespeicherten Signalen, insbesondere Röntgenfluoreszenzmustern analysierter Metalle bzw. Legierungen vergleicht und danach entsprechend am Förderband befindliche Sortierer steuert.The electrical signals generated by the detector are fed to a computer with a sorting process control, which compares the measurement signals of the detector with signals that have already been stored, in particular X-ray fluorescence patterns of analyzed metals or alloys, and then controls the sorters located on the conveyor belt accordingly.

Für eine jeweilige Metall- oder Legierungsart bzw. Metall- oder Legierungsgruppe sind Sortiervorrichtungen 7 neben oder über dem Förderband 3 vorgesehen, die die Metallteile entsprechend dem vom Rechner gegebenen Steuerungssignalen in neben dem Band und hinter dem Band angeordnete Behälter 8 werfen. Das Aussortieren kann durch mechanische Weichen oder durch Luftdüsen erfolgen, die die zu separierenden Metallstücke vom Band herunterblasen.For a respective type of metal or alloy or metal or alloy group, sorting devices 7 are provided next to or above the conveyor belt 3, which throw the metal parts into containers 8 arranged next to the belt and behind the belt in accordance with the control signals given by the computer. The sorting can be done by mechanical switches or by air nozzles that blow the metal pieces to be separated off the belt.

Wenn es die Geometrie der zu untersuchenden Teile zulässt, können Strahlengenerator und Detektor seitlich oder oberhalb der Metallteile angebrachtsein. Für viele Fälle eignet sich ein radioaktiver Stoff als Strahlenquelle.If the geometry of the parts to be examined allows, the beam generator and detector can be attached to the side or above the metal parts. In many cases, a radioactive substance is suitable as a radiation source.

Claims (2)

1. Device for the sorting of metal parts (1), in particular of pieces of scrap, according to their composition, when passing through via a conveyor belt (3), under which is fixed close to the underside of the belt an X-ray or isotope radiation source (5), the rays of which penetrate the conveyor belt to reach the metal parts, at least one detector (6) being provided to intercept the rays emitted by the metal parts (1), to which detector a computer is connected which analyses the electrical signals generated by the detector (6) and controls downstream sorting equipment (7), characterized in that the conveyor belt (3) consists of plastic or rubber and does not have any clearances or openings, in that the conveyor belt (3) is concavely channelled transverse to the longitudinal direction, and in that radiation source (5) and a detector (6) are arranged approximately radial to the belt curvature and emit and receive, respectively, rays in particular in this direction.
2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the downstream sorting equipment (7) has mechanical ejector mechanisms and/or air nozzles for moving the metal parts (1) off the conveyor belt (3).
EP82104970A 1982-06-07 1982-06-07 Device for sorting metal pieces Expired EP0096092B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8282104970T DE3275274D1 (en) 1982-06-07 1982-06-07 Device for sorting metal pieces
EP82104970A EP0096092B1 (en) 1982-06-07 1982-06-07 Device for sorting metal pieces

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP82104970A EP0096092B1 (en) 1982-06-07 1982-06-07 Device for sorting metal pieces

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EP0096092A1 EP0096092A1 (en) 1983-12-21
EP0096092B1 true EP0096092B1 (en) 1987-01-28

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Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19610093A1 (en) * 1996-03-15 1997-09-18 Bsbg Bremer Sonderabfall Berat Process for sorting used batteries and / or accumulators and device for carrying out the process
US6266390B1 (en) 1998-09-21 2001-07-24 Spectramet, Llc High speed materials sorting using x-ray fluorescence
ES2276103T3 (en) * 2002-10-11 2007-06-16 Force Technology A SYSTEM AND A METHOD TO CLASSIFY OBJECTS AUTOMATICALLY.
US7763820B1 (en) 2003-01-27 2010-07-27 Spectramet, Llc Sorting pieces of material based on photonic emissions resulting from multiple sources of stimuli
EP1864126A4 (en) * 2005-03-01 2011-09-14 Scantech Int Pty Ltd On-belt analyser system
ES2359691B1 (en) * 2007-12-27 2012-03-30 Marcos Furió Bruno MACHINE TRACHINE MACHINE RADIATION ISSUERS (WITH OR WITHOUT PHYSICAL STIMULATION) FROM GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS.
CN102500454A (en) * 2011-11-03 2012-06-20 东北大学 X-ray radiation pre-selecting enrichment method for copper sulfide ore with low grade
DE102015122818A1 (en) * 2015-12-23 2017-06-29 Hydro Aluminium Rolled Products Gmbh Method and device for the recycling of metal scrap
EP3318339B1 (en) 2016-11-03 2020-01-29 AMAG casting GmbH Device and method for sorting aluminium scrap
CN107838044B (en) * 2017-12-25 2023-11-10 福清福荣食品有限公司 Sorting machine
CN110000000B (en) * 2019-01-29 2023-09-01 河北华田食品有限公司 Chilli powder foreign matter removing equipment

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1103591A (en) * 1964-02-25 1968-02-21 Nat Res Dev Improvements in or relating to analysing and/or sorting arrangements
US3747755A (en) * 1971-12-27 1973-07-24 Massachusetts Inst Technology Apparatus for determining diffuse and specular reflections of infrared radiation from a sample to classify that sample
FR2271880A1 (en) * 1974-05-22 1975-12-19 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech High speed sorting of iron ores - using radioactive source to produce X-ray fluorescence due to iron and calcium
CA1110996A (en) * 1977-09-09 1981-10-20 Reginald H. Clark Apparatus and method for sorting articles
US4279346A (en) * 1978-12-12 1981-07-21 Southeastern Blueberry Council, Inc. Asynchronous blueberry sorter

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DE3275274D1 (en) 1987-03-05
EP0096092A1 (en) 1983-12-21

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