EP0095397B1 - System for preventing liquids from being driven to the flare stack tip - Google Patents

System for preventing liquids from being driven to the flare stack tip Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0095397B1
EP0095397B1 EP83400897A EP83400897A EP0095397B1 EP 0095397 B1 EP0095397 B1 EP 0095397B1 EP 83400897 A EP83400897 A EP 83400897A EP 83400897 A EP83400897 A EP 83400897A EP 0095397 B1 EP0095397 B1 EP 0095397B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
flare stack
pressure
tip
liquids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83400897A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0095397A1 (en
Inventor
Gérard Chaudot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT83400897T priority Critical patent/ATE17388T1/en
Publication of EP0095397A1 publication Critical patent/EP0095397A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0095397B1 publication Critical patent/EP0095397B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
    • F23G7/085—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks in stacks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/005—Waste disposal systems
    • E21B41/0071—Adaptation of flares, e.g. arrangements of flares in offshore installations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
    • E21B43/36—Underwater separating arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a safety system intended to eliminate the fallout of liquids, and according to the fluctuations in the flow rate to be flared or disposed of, to ensure good combustion or good dispersion in order to shorten the flame and reduce the heat radiation and the intensity. noise received in the installations, when flaring or dispersing the gases produced, processing and transporting hydrocarbons, in particular at sea (off shore).
  • Each of these backpressure devices can be doubled, in parallel by a quick positive opening device such as a bursting plate for example, making it possible to cap the upstream pressure at a preset value, by accidental blockage of the normal back-pressure device.
  • Each normal back-pressure device may also be either provided with at least one small leak orifice making it possible to ensure, during periods of non-operation of the flaring or dispersing system, a continuous supply of gas to the torch. combustible or inert, or equipped with an annexed tubing fulfilling the above function, in order to avoid the ingress of air through the torch nose and the unfortunate consequences which might result therefrom.
  • this small leak orifice may have a dimension smaller than that of the flame jamming, thus avoiding the installation of additional devices opposing the possible propagation of the flame.
  • each torch barrel may be equipped, for example, but not limited to, with a liquid drop separator using a centrifugal or other effect, the condensates and liquids thus recovered being reinserted into the underlying installations to such an extent that there is no pressure mismatch or interference detrimental to safety.
  • this separator can be equipped with an automatic or manual purge with high level alarm indicating to the personnel the operating state of the latter.
  • the spraying of the remaining liquid may, for example, be ensured by venting the gases with a high initial speed generated by one or more orifices with thin lips or through one or more calibrated tubes.
  • This thin lip orifice or this calibrated tube can possibly fulfill the motor function of a set based on the Venturi effect, the centripetal acceleration or the Coanda effect, to entrain the ambient air and mix it intimately with the flaring gas. or to disperse by turbulence and accelerated diffusion.
  • the torch will be equipped with manual or automatic ignition and extinguishing means making it possible to initiate or smother the flame in different operating configurations or for safety or other reasons.
  • a very high security system is therefore obtained which is particularly suitable for flaring or dispersion needs on confined installations, at sea for example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a production installation equipped with all of a safety device according to a first embodiment of the invention, more generally corresponding to a continuous gas flow and relatively low, for example from a hydrocarbon separation or processing installation.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a second installation equipped with the entire safety device according to a second embodiment using a plurality of torch barrels, more generally corresponding to a large gas flow rate with wide variations in flow rates or at intermittent gas flow rates such as may be encountered in gas production and transportation facilities.
  • Figs. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F are schematic representations showing particular features of the construction of the back pressure device.
  • Figs. 4A, 4B, 4C are diagrammatic representations showing particular features of simple construction of the device for separating entrained liquids.
  • Fig. 4D is a schematic view according to arrow F in FIG. 4A.
  • Figs. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5F are schematic representations showing particular features of the device for spraying entrained or condensed liquids and aerating the gas jet with stabilization of the flame.
  • Fig. 5E is a schematic top view of FIG. 5C.
  • Fig. 5D is a fragmentary and schematic top view of FIG. 5F.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the entire safety device in which the lower part of the torch barrel acts as a torch foot balloon so as to obtain a smaller installation.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of the entire safety device where all the elements constituting it are aligned on a generally vertical axis with direct opening of the bottom of the torch foot balloon into the sea.
  • the installation comprises, first of all, either a source of drive for liquid hydrocarbons constituted by a separator 1 receiving the crude oil or the crude gas by an inlet pipe 2, or a source of gas constituted by a 2 'line, i.e. both sources simultaneously.
  • the separator 1 is conventionally equipped with a circuit 3 for normal recovery of oil and condensates, a circuit 4 ′ for normal gas recovery and a gas outlet connected to a gas flow chain 4 to the nose 5 of the torch.
  • This gas flow chain 4 comprises, between the separator 1 and the nose of the torch 5, a torch base balloon 6 equipped, in a conventional manner, with a drip recovery circuit 7 comprising or not a pumping means 8 and a safety overflow tube 10 opening below sea level 17, with breather 9.
  • the separator 1, the torch base balloon 6 and the safety overflow tube 10, all three are equipped with a high level detection circuit, intended to shut off, in the event of an abnormally high liquid level, the crude or gas supply source of the installation.
  • this installation successively comprises according to the invention a back-pressure device 11 doubled in parallel by a bursting plate 11 ′, a liquid separator 12 and a torch nose 5.
  • the back-pressure device 11 is closed, the flow of combustible or inert gas suitable for preventing air from entering through the torch nose 5 is brought either by a lateral tube 15, or by a small orifice provided through the backpressure device 11.
  • a first damping of the jerk pressure will be carried out by the safety overflow tube 10 thus playing the role of shock absorber, with simultaneous opening of the back pressure device 11 and flow of gas to the torch.
  • a pressure increase upstream of the device 11 due to too slow an opening, a blockage thereof or for any other reason, will cause the membrane of the bursting plate 11 ′ to burst and the gas to flow in the torch 13.
  • any liquids entrained or condensed are trapped in the separator 12 and reinserted in the upstream installations by a tube 14 equipped with a liquid purging device 16 manual or automatic, controlled or not. ! e gas then reaches the torch nose 5 where the remaining liquids are sprayed and intimately mixed as well as the gas in the ambient air by the effect of a high ejection speed and a disposition of the nose5 promoting the diffusion and The mixture.
  • the back-pressure device 11 will normally be open and the entire safety device will be in service.
  • the installation comprises a plurality of torch barrels 13a, 13b, 1 3c limited to three in the drawing only for reasons of clarity, each of which can be equipped with the devices provided in FIG. 1, in particular the back-pressure devices 11 a, 11 b, 11 c being calibrated at substantially different opening pressures so as to maintain in each torch barrel, according to the torch flow rate, a sufficiently high speed in the devices located downstream to allow their correct functioning.
  • the flame length from the entire flow of gas will only be that corresponding substantially to the flow passing through a single torch barrel, and not that corresponding to the entire flow to be flared, regardless of the calculation method used to determine its length.
  • the intensity of the jet and flame noises will be maximum with only one of the torches in service at its maximum flow, and will correspond to the flow passing through it.
  • the successive commissioning of the other torches corresponding to an increase in the flaring flow rate will result in a reduction in the noise intensity defined above.
  • the operating pressure of the torch foot balloon 6 can be raised significantly taking into account the operation of these ancillary devices, this leading to a significant reduction in the corresponding volumes and weights.
  • This advantage can be significant in offshore installations where the costs are very sensitive to the weights and dimensions.
  • the back pressure devices 11, 11 a, 11 b, 11 c can be produced in different ways and installed in several modes.
  • the back-pressure device consists of a calibrated valve 21 pierced with an orifice 22, a valve 23 allows manually and periodically to verify that there is no accumulation of liquids on the valve, which can interfere with or prevent its operation.
  • the orifice 32 allowing the gaseous head to be maintained is drilled laterally in the gas pipe upstream of the back pressure valve 31, the liquids flowing in the torch barrel are trapped in a blooming of the torch barrel and purged by an automatic valve 33 controlled by a level detector 34.
  • the fuel gas canopy is maintained by an external pipe 41.
  • the inert gas canopy by an external pipe 42, equipped with a non-return valve 47, the liquids flowing from the upper part are trapped in a sock 43 and evacuated by an automatic purge valve 44.
  • An abnormally high level detector H LA 45 and an abnormally low level detector LLA 46 inform operators of a malfunction of the drip recovery system.
  • the back-pressure device consists of a valve 51 whose position is controlled by a PC pressure regulator 52.
  • the back pressure valve 61 is placed laterally to a sock 62 for drip recovery equipped with a liquid purge pipe 63 provided with a manual valve 64.
  • a pipe 65 equipped with a valve 66 and a non-return valve 67 enables fuel or inert gas to be supplied to the upper part of the torch barrel during periods of standstill.
  • the back pressure valve 71 is placed on a horizontal or sub-horizontal part of the torch barrel.
  • the vertical part of the downstream torch barrel ends at its lower part with a sock 72 for collecting drips.
  • This sock is equipped with a liquid purge pipe 73 provided with a valve 74 controlled by a liquid level controller 75.
  • Abnormally high 77 and low 76 level detectors inform operators of the malfunction of the system for resuming dripping.
  • the device for separating entrained liquids can be produced in different ways and installed in several modes.
  • the device shown in fig. 4A and 4D includes a centrifugal separator 81 with a tangent inlet 82 of the fluid, the separated liquids being evacuated downwards by a pipe 83 for the return of drips equipped with an automatic purge device 84 and the gases upwards through the part downstream of the torch barrel 85
  • fig. 4B proposes a horizontal or sub-horizontal arrangement in which the gas inlet 91 is connected to a development 92 of the pipe, comprising a central core 93 connected to the outer tube by helical fins 94, giving a helical movement to the fluids the crossing.
  • the gas leaving this device goes to the torch nose via a pipe 95 while the liquids plated on the wall are collected in a sock 96 fitted with a drain pipe 97 provided with a valve 98 controlled by a level detector 99 High level 100 and low level 101 alarms inform operators of any malfunction of the purge system.
  • the device shown in fig. 4C relates to an arrangement similar to that of FIG. 4B but which can be placed vertically on the torch barrel in order to reduce the bulk.
  • the inlet tubing 111 is not open and comprises helical fins 112 which do not necessarily cover the full section of the tubing 111.
  • the chamber 113 for recovering liquids has plates pierced with holes 114 stopping the entrained liquids and vertical gutters 115 channeling them towards the lower part of the device where they will be drawn off by a pipe 116 equipped with devices as in the previous examples.
  • the torch nose can be made in different ways which will always be installed vertically or sub-vertically.
  • the end of the torch barrel 121 has a calibrated nozzle 122 of reduced circular section intended for the speeding up of the gas emerging above a horizontal circular plate 123 provided with vertical radial fins 124 intended to guide the threads of air or wind in the converging-diverging part of a venturi 125 whose neck 126 will be placed slightly above the upper end of the nozzle 122 so as to obtain the effect of air entrainment research.
  • the external surface of the venturi 125 may be provided with vertical fins 130 guiding the air or wind streams.
  • the upper end of the venturi will comprise a perforated circular internal crown 127 so as to allow the attachment of the flame. If low pressure gas had to be removed, this could be achieved by a tube 128 opening at 129 in the venturi, beyond the neck, in the vacuum zone of said venturi.
  • the torch nose may include the same devices as FIG. 5A but differs from the latter in that the gas outlet nozzle is replaced by a neck circular annular column 132 whose gas inlet is in axial direction 135 or tangential 135 ′ to the crown 132 depending on the desired effect.
  • a central core 133 can be placed in the center of the device in order to accentuate the venturi effect for certain applications.
  • the fins 134 for suspending the central core 133 may be flat and vertical or of helical surface so as to be adapted to the desired guiding effect.
  • the arrangement of the elements constituting the torch nose is similar to those provided in FIGS. 5A and 5B, however it differs in that fa ! upper part of the venturi is a set of petals 136 which can admit air laterally through slots 137 in order to improve the air-gas mixture.
  • Fig. 5F proposes an arrangement similar to the previous one but in which the gas outlet takes place through a lip 138 tangent to the internal surface of the venturi, either in its lower part, or at the neck, or as shown in its diverging part , this lip being inclined on the axis of the cone so as to impart to the gas an upward spiral movement.
  • the descending vertical part 142 can also be fitted with a similar cabin in order to obtain similar advantages.
  • an additional simplification will consist in making the torch-column overflow assembly, in a continuous tubing, of possibly variable section, as shown in FIG. 7, in which the continuous tubing 150 constitutes active parts of the system and protective casings for the elements of the system, from the torch nose 151 to the end of the overflow tube 152.
  • this security system may use, for its production, parts of already existing tubing, made of steel or other materials, and capable of fulfilling other functions such as supporting installations. . Its support can also be achieved from other elements such as frames, required or not, to fulfill other functions.

Abstract

Safety system designed to eliminate liquids entrained or condensed, and to limit the heat radiation and the intensity of the noises received in the flaring or dispersion of gases from the production, processing and transportation of crude hydrocarbons, and elaborated on land or offshore. The system according to the invention involves a chamber 6 such as a flare-base flask connected to at least one flare stack which includes: a back-pressure device 11 and a tip 5 or an orifice for venting to the atmosphere, and means to pulverize into a mist any drops of liquid remaining in the gas flow, and to insure, rapidly, an intimate mixture of the gas with the ambient air. This system can be installed on land, at sea, on any type of fixed or floating support.

Description

La présente invention concerne un système de sécurité destiné à éliminer les retombées de liquides, et selon les fluctuations du débit à torcher ou disposer, à assurer une bonne combustion ou une bonne dispersion afin de raccourcir la flamme et diminuer le rayonnement calorifique et l'intensité de bruits reçus dans les installations, lors du torchage ou de la dispersion des gaz de production, traitement et transport d'hydrocarbures, en particulier en mer (off shore).The present invention relates to a safety system intended to eliminate the fallout of liquids, and according to the fluctuations in the flow rate to be flared or disposed of, to ensure good combustion or good dispersion in order to shorten the flame and reduce the heat radiation and the intensity. noise received in the installations, when flaring or dispersing the gases produced, processing and transporting hydrocarbons, in particular at sea (off shore).

D'une manière générale, on sait que l'évacuation de liquides, notamment sous forme de gouttes, par le nez de torche comme par suite, par exemple, d'un engorgement en liquide des installations situées en amont, ou encore par la dépressurisation rapide de volumes de liquides contenant des gaz dissous, constitue un grave danger dans les installations de production, de traitement et de transport d'hydrocarbures et en particulier dans les installations fixes ou flottantes situées en mer (off shore). Parmi les systèmes qui ont été proposés jusqu'à ce jour, on notera celui représenté dans le brevet US-A N° 3914094.In general, it is known that the evacuation of liquids, in particular in the form of drops, by the torch nose as a result, for example, of a congestion in liquid of the installations located upstream, or even by depressurization rapid volumes of liquids containing dissolved gases, constitutes a serious danger in installations for the production, processing and transport of hydrocarbons and in particular in fixed or floating installations located at sea (off shore). Among the systems that have been proposed to date, note that represented in US-A patent No. 3914094.

En effet au sortir du nez de la torche, les condensats ou l'huile, issus du gaz ou entraînés par celui-ci se trouvent enflammés et retombent en flammes sur l'installation ou à proximité immédiatede celle-ci, mettant ainsi en péril la vie de l'ensemble du personnel et l'installation tout entière.Indeed, leaving the nose of the torch, the condensates or the oil, coming from or entrained by the gas, are ignited and fall back into flames on the installation or in its immediate vicinity, thus endangering the life of all staff and the entire facility.

Ce danger est d'autant plus important dans les installations off shoreque le personnel risque de se trouver prisonnier sur la plate-forme ou les supports flottants en feu et qu'en outre, les condensats ou l'huile flottant sur la mer peuvent former une nappe de feu interdisant toute possibilité d'évacuation.This danger is all the more important in offshore installations where the personnel risks being trapped on the platform or floating supports on fire and that in addition, condensates or oil floating on the sea can form a blanket of fire preventing any possibility of evacuation.

En outre, dans les installations de production, traitement et transport d'hydrocarbures plus particulièrement gazeux, il est parfois nécessaire, pour des raisons opératoires ou de sécurité, de mettre à l'atmosphère des quantités de gaz importantes dans un délai très court. La combustion de débits de gaz fluctuants et parfois très importants conduit à repousser la torche loin des installations, de façon à ne pas générer sur celles-ci des niveaux de température et de bruit insupportables tant pour le personnel que pour les équipements. Malheureusement en off shore dès que la profondeur d'eau devient un peu importante, cette solution ne résout que localement le problème à un coût progressant rapidement avec la profondeur d'eau. Dès lors que la profondeur d'eau est très importante, la disposition précédente devient aléatoire et son coût prohibitif. Cette disposition créant toujours une gêne importante à la navigation, toujours délicate aux abords de l'installation.In addition, in installations for the production, processing and transport of more particularly gaseous hydrocarbons, it is sometimes necessary, for operational or safety reasons, to vent large quantities of gas to the atmosphere within a very short time. The combustion of fluctuating and sometimes very large gas flows results in pushing the torch away from the installations, so as to not generate on them unbearable temperature and noise levels both for the personnel and for the equipment. Unfortunately in off shore as soon as the water depth becomes a little important, this solution only locally solves the problem at a cost progressing rapidly with the water depth. As soon as the water depth is very large, the previous arrangement becomes random and its cost prohibitive. This arrangement always creates significant discomfort to navigation, always delicate around the installation.

L'invention a donc pour but de supprimer tous ces inconvénients. Elle propose donc un système de sécurité constitué par tout ou partie, selon l'application, d'un ensemble d'éléments concourant à:

  • - éliminer éventuellement les liquides entraînés ou condensés dans la partie verticale ou subverti- cale du fût de torche; - pulvériser en brouillard, au nez de torche, les condensations liquides qui pourraient se produire dans la partie supérieure du fût de torche, dans le nez de torche et à la mise à l'atmosphère, compte tenu de l'évolution, durant ce cheminement, des conditions thermo-dynamiques auxquelles est soumis le gaz;
  • - améliorer la dispersion dans le cas d'un évent, ou raccourcir la flamme générée par la combustion de la totalité du gaz à éliminer, en divisant le jet total en plusieurs jets parallèles convergents ou divergents, et en augmentant l'aération des gaz dès leur mise à l'atmosphère;
  • - plafonner le rayonnement calorifique et l'intensité de bruits reçus quelles que soient les fluctuations de débit du gaz, qui peuvent atteindre des valeurs considérables;
  • - dans le cas de mises à l'atmosphère discontinues, éviter ou diminuer les débits de gaz d'appoint combustibles ou inertes, propres à éviter les entrées d'air par le nez de torche durant les périodes d'arrêt du débit de gaz, et éviter ainsi les risques associés à leur détermination correcte.
The invention therefore aims to eliminate all these drawbacks. It therefore offers a security system consisting of all or part, depending on the application, of a set of elements contributing to:
  • - possibly remove liquids entrained or condensed in the vertical or subvertical part of the torch barrel; - spray in mist, at the torch nose, the liquid condensations which could occur in the upper part of the torch barrel, in the torch nose and on venting, taking into account the evolution, during this path , thermodynamic conditions to which the gas is subjected;
  • - improve the dispersion in the case of a vent, or shorten the flame generated by the combustion of all of the gas to be eliminated, by dividing the total jet into several convergent or divergent parallel jets, and by increasing the aeration of the gases putting them into the atmosphere;
  • - cap the heat radiation and the intensity of noise received regardless of the gas flow fluctuations, which can reach considerable values;
  • - in the case of discontinuous venting, avoid or reduce the flow of combustible or inert make-up gas, capable of avoiding the ingress of air through the torch nose during periods of stoppage of the gas flow, and thus avoid the risks associated with their correct determination.

Pour parvenir à ces résultats, le système de sécurité selon l'invention fait donc intervenir, dans la chaîne d'écoulement du gaz, entre la source potentielle de liquide et la mise à l'atmosphère, au moins une capacité telle qu'un ballon de pied de torche, connectée àsapartiesupérieure à au moins deux fûts de torches ou bien une ou plusieurs capacités connectées chacune à au moins un fût de torche, lesdits fûts de torches comprennent chacun:

  • - un dispositif de contre-pression normal consistant, par exemple, en un clapettaré ou d'une vanne à commande manuelle, automatique ou pilotée, la valeur de la contre-pression exercée sur le gaz en amont (seu.il de pression) étant différente pour chacune destorches, detelle manière que lors d'un accroissement continu de la pression des gaz on obtienne une ouverture successive, échelonnée, des dispositifs de contre-pression et qu'ainsi la vitesse d'écoulement du gaz à l'intérieur des torches soit toujours relativement élevée, et
  • - un nez ou un orifice de mise à l'atmosphère permettant, grâce à la vitesse élevée d'écoulement du gaz, de pulvériser en brouillard les gouttes de liquide subsistant éventuellement dans le flux de gaz et d'assurer rapidement un mélange intime du gaz avec l'air ambiant aux fins d'obtenir une combustion rapide et totale et éviter ainsi la condensation et la retombée des gouttes liquides enflammées ou non dans son voisinage.
To achieve these results, the safety system according to the invention therefore involves, in the gas flow chain, between the potential source of liquid and the venting, at least one capacity such as a balloon torch base, connected to parts greater than at least two torch barrels or else one or more capacities each connected to at least one torch barrel, said torch barrels each comprise:
  • - a normal back pressure device consisting, for example, of a valve or a manually operated, automatic or pilot operated valve, the value of the back pressure exerted on the upstream gas (pressure threshold) being different for each torch, such that during a continuous increase in the pressure of the gases, a successive, staggered opening of the counter-pressure devices is obtained and thus the speed of flow of the gas inside the torches is always relatively high, and
  • - a nose or a vent opening allowing, thanks to the high gas flow speed, to spray in mist the drops of liquid possibly remaining in the gas flow and quickly ensure an intimate mixture of the gas with ambient air in order to obtain rapid and total combustion and thus avoid condensation and the fall of flaming liquid drops or not in its vicinity.

Il convient de noter que l'ouverture des susdits dispositifs de contre-pression est progressivement ajustée au débit de gaz à évacuer, sans pour autant créer une pression ou des à-coups de pression inadmissible dans les installations amont.It should be noted that the opening of the abovementioned back-pressure devices is gradually adjusted to the flow rate of gas to be evacuated, without however creating unacceptable pressure or pressure surges in the upstream installations.

Chacun de ces dispositifs de contre-pression peut être doublé, en parallèle par un dispositif à ouverture positive rapide tel qu'une plaque d'éclatement par exemple, permettant de plafonner la pression amont à une valeur présélectionnée, en cas de blocage intempestif du dispositif de contre-pression normal. Chaque dispositif de contre-pression normal peut en outre être soit muni d'au moins un petit orifice de fuite permettant d'assurer, durant les périodes de non-fonctionnement du système de torchage ou de dispersion, une alimentation continue de la torche en gaz combustible ou inerte, soit équipé d'une tubulure annexe remplissant la fonction ci-dessus, afin d'éviter les entrées d'air par le nez de torche et les conséquences fâcheuses qui risqueraient d'en résulter. Selon les caractéristiques du nez de torche, ce petit orifice de fuite pourra avoir une dimension inférieure à celle de coincement de flamme, évitant ainsi la mise en place de dispositifs annexes s'opposant à la propagation éventuelle de la flamme.Each of these backpressure devices can be doubled, in parallel by a quick positive opening device such as a bursting plate for example, making it possible to cap the upstream pressure at a preset value, by accidental blockage of the normal back-pressure device. Each normal back-pressure device may also be either provided with at least one small leak orifice making it possible to ensure, during periods of non-operation of the flaring or dispersing system, a continuous supply of gas to the torch. combustible or inert, or equipped with an annexed tubing fulfilling the above function, in order to avoid the ingress of air through the torch nose and the unfortunate consequences which might result therefrom. Depending on the characteristics of the torch nose, this small leak orifice may have a dimension smaller than that of the flame jamming, thus avoiding the installation of additional devices opposing the possible propagation of the flame.

En outre, s'il est jugé nécessaire, un dispositif de reprise des égouttures et ruissellements pouvant s'accumuler au-dessus des dispositifs de contre-pression et pouvant rendre leur fonctionnement aléatoire sera prévu, avec purge manuelle ou automatique. De même, si la formation d'hydrates est à craindre, des moyens de réchauffage ou d'inhibi- tion de formation d'hydrates pourront être incorporés en amont ou dans le dispositif de contre-pression.In addition, if it is deemed necessary, a device for the recovery of drips and runoff which may accumulate above the back-pressure devices and which may make their operation random will be provided, with manual or automatic purge. Likewise, if the formation of hydrates is to be feared, means for reheating or inhibiting the formation of hydrates may be incorporated upstream or in the back-pressure device.

Par ailleurs, en aval du susdit dispositif de contre-pression, chaque fût de torche pourra être équipé, par exemple, mais non limitativement, d'un séparateur de gouttes de liquides utilisant un effet centrifuge ou autre, les condensats et liquides ainsi récupérés étant réinsérés dans les installations sous-jacentes en un point tel qu'il n'y ait pas d'incompatibilité de pression ni d'interférences préjudiciables à la sécurité. Selon le mode de réalisation choisi, ce séparateur pourra être équipé d'une purge automatique ou manuelle avec alarme de niveau haut indiquant au personnel l'état de fonctionnement de cette dernière.Furthermore, downstream of the above-mentioned backpressure device, each torch barrel may be equipped, for example, but not limited to, with a liquid drop separator using a centrifugal or other effect, the condensates and liquids thus recovered being reinserted into the underlying installations to such an extent that there is no pressure mismatch or interference detrimental to safety. Depending on the embodiment chosen, this separator can be equipped with an automatic or manual purge with high level alarm indicating to the personnel the operating state of the latter.

Au niveau du nez ou de l'orifice de mise à l'atmosphère de chacune des torches la pulvérisation du liquide subsistant pourra, par exemple, être assurée par une mise à l'atmosphère des gaz avec une vitesse initiale importante générée par un ou plusieurs orifices à lèvre mince ou au travers d'un ou plusieurs tubes calibrés. Cet orifice à lèvre mince ou ce tube calibré peut éventuellement remplir la fonction motrice d'un ensemble basé sur l'effet Venturi, l'accélération centripète ou l'effet Coanda, pour entraîner l'air ambiant et le mélanger intimement au gaz à torcher ou à disperser par turbulences et diffusion accélérée.At the level of the nose or the orifice for venting each of the torches, the spraying of the remaining liquid may, for example, be ensured by venting the gases with a high initial speed generated by one or more orifices with thin lips or through one or more calibrated tubes. This thin lip orifice or this calibrated tube can possibly fulfill the motor function of a set based on the Venturi effect, the centripetal acceleration or the Coanda effect, to entrain the ambient air and mix it intimately with the flaring gas. or to disperse by turbulence and accelerated diffusion.

En outre, ce dernier dispositif offre un grand nombre d'avantages parmi lesquels:

  • a) un raccourcissement de la longueur de la flamme par combustion rapide de la masse de gaz déversée à l'atmosphère du fait de sa bonne aération d'une part, et, d'autre part, par la minceur de la lèvre orifice de mise à l'atmosphère (ceci comparé à la longueur de la flamme issue de la combustion de la totalité du débit de gaz mis à l'atmosphère au travers d'une seule tubulure de section circulaire); b) un raccourcissement de la longueur de la flamme correspondant à la division du débit de gaz entre les différents nez de torche. En effet, il est reconnu que la longueur d'une flamme est une fonction croissant avec le diamètre du nez de torche lorsque celui-ci est constitué d'un tube cylindrique;
  • c) une diminution importante de l'intensité de bruits émis par le jet de gaz et la flamme correspondant à la division du débit total à torcher. En effet, l'expérience montre que le bruit total émis par une pluralité de jets et flammes est inférieur, dans certaines conditions, au bruit émis par un seul de ces jets;
  • d) tamise à l'atmosphère des gaz pouvant se faire au travers d'une section annulaire circulaire avec induction.possible d'air par la section centrale, il se produit une diminution importante de volume, voire la suppression de la carotte centrale de gaz à haute température située au coeur de la flamme, cette dernière étant principalement responsable du rayonnement calorifique d'une flamme issue d'un jet de gaz de section circulaire pleine. Ce rayonnement étant cause d'insécurité pour le personnel et les équipements qui y sont soumis s'il est de forte intensité, et son calcul étant toujours sujet à caution, il apparaît primordial d'en traiter les causes afin d'en mieux circonvenir les effets;
  • e) si la lèvre de mise à l'atmosphère des gaz est suffisamment mince et de largeur voisine ou inférieure à la distance de coincement de flamme, il n'y aura plus de possibilité de rentrée de flamme à l'intérieur du fût de torche et, en conséquence, il ne sera plus nécessaire d'assurer un balayage permanent de la torche au gaz combustible ou inerte; en tout cas, son débit pourra en être diminué considérablement.
  • f) la multiplicité des fûts de torche, en cas de variations importantes de débits, en fonctionnement normal, ou requises pour des raisons de sécurité, permettra de maintenir une vitesse d'écoulement des gaz dans la (ou les) torche(s) nécessaire(s) au fonctionnement correct des équipements décrits ci-dessus et d'assurer les fonctions précédemment décrites. Accessoirement la pluralité des fûts de torche permettra éventuellement de constituer une structure auto-supportant les éléments constitutifs de la torche aussi bien que des éléments étrangers au système tels que par exemple des antennes de radio-communication.
In addition, this latter device offers a large number of advantages, including:
  • a) a shortening of the length of the flame by rapid combustion of the mass of gas discharged into the atmosphere due to its good aeration on the one hand, and, on the other hand, by the thinness of the setting orifice lip to the atmosphere (this compared to the length of the flame resulting from the combustion of the entire gas flow put into the atmosphere through a single tube of circular section); b) a shortening of the length of the flame corresponding to the division of the gas flow between the different torch noses. Indeed, it is recognized that the length of a flame is an increasing function with the diameter of the torch nose when the latter consists of a cylindrical tube;
  • c) a significant reduction in the intensity of noise emitted by the gas jet and the flame corresponding to the division of the total flow to be flared. In fact, experience shows that the total noise emitted by a plurality of jets and flames is lower, under certain conditions, than the noise emitted by only one of these jets;
  • d) screens the atmosphere with gases which can be made through a circular annular section with induction. Possible air through the central section, there is a significant reduction in volume, or even the elimination of the central gas core at high temperature located at the heart of the flame, the latter being mainly responsible for the heat radiation of a flame from a gas jet of full circular section. This radiation being cause of insecurity for the personnel and the equipment which are subjected to it if it is of high intensity, and its calculation being always subject to doubt, it seems essential to treat the causes in order to better circumvent them. effects;
  • e) if the gas venting lip is sufficiently thin and of width close to or less than the flame jamming distance, there will no longer be any possibility of reentry of flame inside the torch barrel and, consequently, it will no longer be necessary to ensure a permanent sweeping of the torch with combustible or inert gas; in any case, its speed may be considerably reduced.
  • f) the multiplicity of torch barrels, in the event of significant variations in flow rates, in normal operation, or required for safety reasons, will make it possible to maintain a gas flow speed in the torch (es) necessary (s) for the correct operation of the equipment described above and for performing the functions described above. Incidentally, the plurality of torch barrels will eventually make it possible to constitute a self-supporting structure for the constituent elements of the torch as well as elements foreign to the system such as for example radio communication antennas.

Par ailleurs, dans certaines applications, la torche sera équipée de moyens d'allumage et d'extinction manuelle ou automatique permettant d'initier ou d'étouffer la flamme dans différentes configurations de fonctionnement ou pour des raisons de sécurité ou autres.Furthermore, in certain applications, the torch will be equipped with manual or automatic ignition and extinguishing means making it possible to initiate or smother the flame in different operating configurations or for safety or other reasons.

On obtient donc un système de très haute sécurité particulièrement adapté aux besoins de torchage ou de dispersion sur des installations confinées, en mer par exemple.A very high security system is therefore obtained which is particularly suitable for flaring or dispersion needs on confined installations, at sea for example.

Des modes de réalisation de l'invention seront décrits, ci-après, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, avec référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels: La fig. 1 est une représentation schématique d'une installation de production équipée de l'ensemble d'un dispositif de sécurité selon un premier exemple de réalisation de l'invention, correspondant plus généralement à un débit de gaz continu et relativement faible provenant par exemple d'une installation de séparation ou de traitement d'hydrocarbures.Embodiments of the invention will be described below, by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a production installation equipped with all of a safety device according to a first embodiment of the invention, more generally corresponding to a continuous gas flow and relatively low, for example from a hydrocarbon separation or processing installation.

La fig. 2 est une représentation schématique d'une deuxième installation équipée de l'ensemble du dispositif de sécurité selon un deuxième exemple de réalisation faisant appel à une pluralité de fûts de torche, correspondant plus généralement à un débit de gaz important avec larges variations de débits ou à des débits de gaz intermittents tels que ceux qui peuvent être rencontrés dans des installations de production et de transport de gaz.Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a second installation equipped with the entire safety device according to a second embodiment using a plurality of torch barrels, more generally corresponding to a large gas flow rate with wide variations in flow rates or at intermittent gas flow rates such as may be encountered in gas production and transportation facilities.

Les fig. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F sont des représentations schématiques montrant des particularités de réalisation du dispositif de contre-pression.Figs. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F are schematic representations showing particular features of the construction of the back pressure device.

Les fig. 4A, 4B, 4C sont des représentations schématiques montrant des particularités de réalisation simple du dispositif de séparation des liquides entraînés.Figs. 4A, 4B, 4C are diagrammatic representations showing particular features of simple construction of the device for separating entrained liquids.

La fig. 4D est une vue schématique selon la flèche F de la fig. 4A.Fig. 4D is a schematic view according to arrow F in FIG. 4A.

Les fig. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5F sont des représentations schématiques montrant des particularités de réalisation du dispositif de pulvérisation des liquides entraînés ou condensés et d'aération du jet de gaz avec stabilisation de la flamme.Figs. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5F are schematic representations showing particular features of the device for spraying entrained or condensed liquids and aerating the gas jet with stabilization of the flame.

La fig. 5E est une vue de dessus schématique de la fig. 5C.Fig. 5E is a schematic top view of FIG. 5C.

La fig. 5D est une vue de dessus fragmentaire et schématique de la fig. 5F.Fig. 5D is a fragmentary and schematic top view of FIG. 5F.

La fig. 6 est une représentation schématique de l'ensemble du dispositif de sécurité dans laquelle la partie inférieure du fût de torche joue le rôle de ballon de pied de torche de façon à obtenir une installation de plus faible encombrement.Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the entire safety device in which the lower part of the torch barrel acts as a torch foot balloon so as to obtain a smaller installation.

La fig. 7 est une représentation schématique de l'ensemble du dispositif de sécurité où tous les éléments le constituant sont alignés sur un axe géné- ralementvertical avec ouverture directe du fond du ballon de pied de torche dans la mer.Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of the entire safety device where all the elements constituting it are aligned on a generally vertical axis with direct opening of the bottom of the torch foot balloon into the sea.

Avec référence à la fig. 1, l'installation comprend, tout d'abord, soit une source d'entraînement d'hydrocarbures liquides constituée par un séparateur 1 recevant le pétrole brut ou le gaz brut par une conduite d'arrivée 2, soit une source de gaz constituée par une canalisation 2', soit les deux sourcessimultanément. Le séparateur 1 est équipé de façon classique d'un circuit 3 dereprise normale de l'huile et des condensats, d'un circuit 4' de reprise normale du gaz et d'une sortie de gaz raccordée à une chaîne d'écoulement de gaz 4 jusqu'au nez 5 de la torche. Cette chaîne d'écoulement de gaz 4 comporte, entre le séparateur 1 et le nez de la torche 5, un ballon de pied de torche 6 équipé, de façon classique, d'un circuit de reprise des égout- tres 7 comprenant ou non un moyen de pompage 8 et un tube de trop-plein de sécurité 10 débouchant en dessous du niveau 17 de la mer, avec reniflard 9. Le séparateur 1, le ballon de pied de torche 6 et le tube de trop-plein de sécurité 10, sont tous trois équipés d'un circuit de détection de niveau haut, destiné à fermer, en cas de niveau de liquide anormalement haut, la source d'alimentation en brut ou en gaz de l'installation. En suivant le sens d'écou- lementdu gaz dans le fût de torche 13, cette installation comprend successivement selon l'invention un dispositif de contre-pression 11 doublé en parallèle par une plaque d'éclatement 11', un séparateur de liquides 12 et un nez de torche 5.With reference to fig. 1, the installation comprises, first of all, either a source of drive for liquid hydrocarbons constituted by a separator 1 receiving the crude oil or the crude gas by an inlet pipe 2, or a source of gas constituted by a 2 'line, i.e. both sources simultaneously. The separator 1 is conventionally equipped with a circuit 3 for normal recovery of oil and condensates, a circuit 4 ′ for normal gas recovery and a gas outlet connected to a gas flow chain 4 to the nose 5 of the torch. This gas flow chain 4 comprises, between the separator 1 and the nose of the torch 5, a torch base balloon 6 equipped, in a conventional manner, with a drip recovery circuit 7 comprising or not a pumping means 8 and a safety overflow tube 10 opening below sea level 17, with breather 9. The separator 1, the torch base balloon 6 and the safety overflow tube 10, all three are equipped with a high level detection circuit, intended to shut off, in the event of an abnormally high liquid level, the crude or gas supply source of the installation. Following the direction of flow of gas in the torch barrel 13, this installation successively comprises according to the invention a back-pressure device 11 doubled in parallel by a bursting plate 11 ′, a liquid separator 12 and a torch nose 5.

Si le torchage du gaz n'est pas prévu en fonctionnement normal de l'installation, le dispositif de contre-pression 11 est fermé, le débit de gaz combustible ou inerte propre à éviter les entrées d'air par le nez de torche 5 est amené soit par une tubulure latérale 15, soit par un petit orifice prévu au travers du dispositif de contre-pression 11. En cas de mise à la torche du gaz avec déclenchement éventuellement rapide du débit, un premier amortissement de l'à-coup de pression sera effectué par le tube de trop-plein de sécurité 10 jouant ainsi le rôle d'amortisseur, avec ouverture simultanée du dispositif de contre-pression 11 et écoulement du gaz à la torche. Une montée de pression en amont du dispositif 11 due à une ouverture trop lente, à un blocage de celui-ci ou à toute autre raison, provoquera l'éclatement de la membrane de la plaque d'éclatement 11' et l'écoulement du gaz dans la torche 13. Les liquides éventuellement entraînés ou condensés sont piégés dans le séparateur 12 et réinsérés dans les installations amont par une tubulure 14 équipée d'un dispositif de purge de liquide 16 manuel ou automatique, piloté ou non. ! e gaz atteint alors le nez de torche 5 où les liquides subsistants sont pulvérisés et intimement mélangés ainsi que le gaz à l'air ambiant par l'effet d'une vitesse d'éjection importante et d'une disposition du nez5 favorisant la diffusion et le mélange.If gas flaring is not provided for during normal operation of the installation, the back-pressure device 11 is closed, the flow of combustible or inert gas suitable for preventing air from entering through the torch nose 5 is brought either by a lateral tube 15, or by a small orifice provided through the backpressure device 11. In the event of gas flaring with possibly rapid release of the flow, a first damping of the jerk pressure will be carried out by the safety overflow tube 10 thus playing the role of shock absorber, with simultaneous opening of the back pressure device 11 and flow of gas to the torch. A pressure increase upstream of the device 11 due to too slow an opening, a blockage thereof or for any other reason, will cause the membrane of the bursting plate 11 ′ to burst and the gas to flow in the torch 13. Any liquids entrained or condensed are trapped in the separator 12 and reinserted in the upstream installations by a tube 14 equipped with a liquid purging device 16 manual or automatic, controlled or not. ! e gas then reaches the torch nose 5 where the remaining liquids are sprayed and intimately mixed as well as the gas in the ambient air by the effect of a high ejection speed and a disposition of the nose5 promoting the diffusion and The mixture.

Si le torchage du gaz est prévu en fonctionnement normal de l'installation, le dispositif de contre-pression 11 sera normalement ouvert et l'ensemble du dispositif de sécurité sera en service.If gas flaring is provided for during normal operation of the installation, the back-pressure device 11 will normally be open and the entire safety device will be in service.

Avec référencaà lafig. 2, l'installation comprend une pluralité de fûts de torche 13a, 13b, 1 3c limitée à trois sur le dessin uniquement pour des raisons de clarté, chacun d'entre eux pouvant être équipé des dispositifs prévus dans la fig. 1, en particulier les dispositifs de contre-pression 11 a, 11 b, 11 c étant tarés à des pressions d'ouverture sensiblement différentes de façon à maintenir dans chaque fût de torche, selon le débit à torcher, une vitesse suffisamment élevée dans les dispositifs situés en aval pour permettre leur fonctionnement correct. Par ailleurs, avec une pluralité de torches, la longueur de flamme issue de la totalité du débit de gaz ne sera que celle correspondant sensiblement au débit traversant un seul des fûts de torche, et non pas celle correspondant à la totalité du débit à torcher, quelle que soit la méthode de calcul utilisée pour en déterminer la longueur. En outre, l'intensité des bruits de jet et de flamme sera maximale avec une seule des torches en service à son débit maximal, et correspondra au débit la traversant. La mise en service successive des autres torches correspondant à un accroissement du débit à torcher résultera en une diminution de l'intensité de bruit définie ci-dessus.With reference to lafig. 2, the installation comprises a plurality of torch barrels 13a, 13b, 1 3c limited to three in the drawing only for reasons of clarity, each of which can be equipped with the devices provided in FIG. 1, in particular the back-pressure devices 11 a, 11 b, 11 c being calibrated at substantially different opening pressures so as to maintain in each torch barrel, according to the torch flow rate, a sufficiently high speed in the devices located downstream to allow their correct functioning. Furthermore, with a plurality of torches, the flame length from the entire flow of gas will only be that corresponding substantially to the flow passing through a single torch barrel, and not that corresponding to the entire flow to be flared, regardless of the calculation method used to determine its length. In addition, the intensity of the jet and flame noises will be maximum with only one of the torches in service at its maximum flow, and will correspond to the flow passing through it. The successive commissioning of the other torches corresponding to an increase in the flaring flow rate will result in a reduction in the noise intensity defined above.

Dans des installations confinées, comme celles rencontrées off shore, le fait de maîtriser la longueur de flamme et l'intensité de bruit justifie à lui seul l'implantation d'une pluralité de torches dès lors que les débits de gaz à torcher sont importants et variables.In confined installations, such as those encountered off shore, controlling the flame length and the noise intensity alone justifies the installation of a plurality of torches from when the flaring gas flow rates are large and variable.

Enfin, dans un certain nombre d'installations où une pression de gaz élevée est disponible pour le torchage, sans pour autant nuire à la sécurité globale de l'installation ni au fonctionnement de l'ensemble des dispositifs de sécurité, la pression de service du ballon de pied de torche 6 pourra être relevée de façon importante compte tenu du fonctionnement de ces dispositifs annexes, ceci conduisant à une diminution importante des volumes et poids correspondants. Cet avantage peut être important dans des installations off shore où les coûts sont très sensibles aux poids et encombrements.Finally, in a certain number of installations where a high gas pressure is available for flaring, without compromising the overall safety of the installation or the functioning of all the safety devices, the operating pressure of the torch foot balloon 6 can be raised significantly taking into account the operation of these ancillary devices, this leading to a significant reduction in the corresponding volumes and weights. This advantage can be significant in offshore installations where the costs are very sensitive to the weights and dimensions.

Les dispositifs de contre-pression 11, 11 a, 11 b, 11 c peuvent être réalisés de différentes façons et installés suivant plusieurs modes. Dans la représentation de la fig. 3A, le dispositif de contre-pression est constitué d'un clapet taré 21 percé d'un orifice 22, un robinet 23 permet manuellement et périodiquement de vérifier qu'il n'y a pas d'accumulation de liquides sur le clapet, pouvant gêner ou empêcher son fonctionnement. Dans la représentation de la fig. 3B, l'orifice 32 permettant de maintenir le ciel gazeux est percé latéralement dans la conduite de gaz en amont du clapet de contre-pression 31, les liquides ruisselant dans le fût de torche sont piégés dans un épanouissement du fût de torche et purgés par une vanne automatique 33 commandée par un détecteur de niveau 34. Dans la représentation de la fig. 3C, le ciel de gaz combustible est maintenu par une conduite extérieure 41. Le ciel de gaz inerte par une conduite extérieure 42, équipée d'un clapet anti-retour 47, les liquides ruisselant de la partie supérieure sont piégés dans une chaussette 43 et évacués par une vanne automatique de purge 44. Un détecteur de niveau anormalement haut H LA 45 et un détecteur de niveau anormalement bas LLA 46 informent les opérateurs d'un défaut de fonctionnement du système de reprise des égouttures.The back pressure devices 11, 11 a, 11 b, 11 c can be produced in different ways and installed in several modes. In the representation of fig. 3A, the back-pressure device consists of a calibrated valve 21 pierced with an orifice 22, a valve 23 allows manually and periodically to verify that there is no accumulation of liquids on the valve, which can interfere with or prevent its operation. In the representation of fig. 3B, the orifice 32 allowing the gaseous head to be maintained is drilled laterally in the gas pipe upstream of the back pressure valve 31, the liquids flowing in the torch barrel are trapped in a blooming of the torch barrel and purged by an automatic valve 33 controlled by a level detector 34. In the representation of FIG. 3C, the fuel gas canopy is maintained by an external pipe 41. The inert gas canopy by an external pipe 42, equipped with a non-return valve 47, the liquids flowing from the upper part are trapped in a sock 43 and evacuated by an automatic purge valve 44. An abnormally high level detector H LA 45 and an abnormally low level detector LLA 46 inform operators of a malfunction of the drip recovery system.

Dans la représentation de la fig. 3D le dispositif de contre-pression est constitué d'une vanne 51 dont la position est commandée par un régulateur de pression PC 52.In the representation of fig. 3D the back-pressure device consists of a valve 51 whose position is controlled by a PC pressure regulator 52.

Dans la représentation de la fig. 3E, la vanne de contre-pression 61 est placée latéralement à une chaussette 62 de récupération des égouttures équipée d'une conduite de purge des liquides 63 munie d'une vanne manuelle 64. Une canalisation 65 équipée d'une vanne 66 et d'un clapetanti- retour 67 permet l'alimentation en gaz combustible ou inerte de la partie supérieure du fût de torche pendant les périodes d'arrêt.In the representation of fig. 3E, the back pressure valve 61 is placed laterally to a sock 62 for drip recovery equipped with a liquid purge pipe 63 provided with a manual valve 64. A pipe 65 equipped with a valve 66 and a non-return valve 67 enables fuel or inert gas to be supplied to the upper part of the torch barrel during periods of standstill.

Dans la représentation de la fig. 3F, la vanne de contre-pression 71 est placée sur une partie horizontale ou sub-horizontale du fût de torche. La partie verticale du fût de torche en aval se termine à sa partie inférieure par une chaussette 72 permettant de recueillir les égouttures. Cette chaussette est équipée d'une conduite de purge des liquides 73 munie d'une vanne 74 commandée par un contrôleur de niveau liquide 75. Des détecteurs de niveaux anormalement haut 77 et bas 76 informent les opérateurs du défaut de fonctionnement du système de reprise des égouttures.In the representation of fig. 3F, the back pressure valve 71 is placed on a horizontal or sub-horizontal part of the torch barrel. The vertical part of the downstream torch barrel ends at its lower part with a sock 72 for collecting drips. This sock is equipped with a liquid purge pipe 73 provided with a valve 74 controlled by a liquid level controller 75. Abnormally high 77 and low 76 level detectors inform operators of the malfunction of the system for resuming dripping.

Le dispositif de séparation des liquides entraînés peut être réalisé de différentes façon et installé suivant plusieurs modes. En particulier le dispositif représenté fig. 4A et 4D comporte un séparateur centrifuge 81 avec une arrivée tangentieUe 82 du fluide, les liquides séparés étant évacués vers le bas par une conduite 83 de reprise des égouttures équipée d'un dispositif de purge automatique 84 et les gaz vers le haut par la partie aval du fût de torche 85, la fig. 4B propose une disposition horizontale ou sub-horizontale dans laquelle l'arrivée de gaz 91 est raccordée à un épanouissement 92 de la conduite, comportant un noyau central 93 raccordé au tube extérieur par des ailettes en hélice 94, donnant un mouvement hélicoïdal aux fluides le traversant. Le gaz sortant de ce dispositif va au nez de torche par une conduite 95 alors que les liquides plaqués sur la paroi sont recueillis dans une chaussette 96 équipée d'une conduite de purge 97 munie d'une vanne 98 commandée par un détecteur de niveau 99. Des alarmes de niveau haut 100 et bas 101 informent les opérateurs de tout défaut de fonctionnement du système de purge.The device for separating entrained liquids can be produced in different ways and installed in several modes. In particular the device shown in fig. 4A and 4D includes a centrifugal separator 81 with a tangent inlet 82 of the fluid, the separated liquids being evacuated downwards by a pipe 83 for the return of drips equipped with an automatic purge device 84 and the gases upwards through the part downstream of the torch barrel 85, fig. 4B proposes a horizontal or sub-horizontal arrangement in which the gas inlet 91 is connected to a development 92 of the pipe, comprising a central core 93 connected to the outer tube by helical fins 94, giving a helical movement to the fluids the crossing. The gas leaving this device goes to the torch nose via a pipe 95 while the liquids plated on the wall are collected in a sock 96 fitted with a drain pipe 97 provided with a valve 98 controlled by a level detector 99 High level 100 and low level 101 alarms inform operators of any malfunction of the purge system.

Le dispositif représenté fig. 4C concerne une disposition semblable à celle de la fig. 4B mais qui peut être placée verticalement sur le fût de torche afin de réduire l'encombrement. En outre la tubulure d'entrée 111 n'est pas épanouie et comporte des ailettes hélicoïdales 112 qui ne couvrent pas nécessairement la pleine section de la tubulure 111. La chambre 113 de récupération des liquides comporte des plaques percées de trous 114 arrêtant les liquides entraînés et des gouttières verticales 115 les canalisant vers la partie inférieure du dispositif où ils seront soutirés par une conduite 116 équipée de dispositifs comme dans les exemples précédents.The device shown in fig. 4C relates to an arrangement similar to that of FIG. 4B but which can be placed vertically on the torch barrel in order to reduce the bulk. In addition, the inlet tubing 111 is not open and comprises helical fins 112 which do not necessarily cover the full section of the tubing 111. The chamber 113 for recovering liquids has plates pierced with holes 114 stopping the entrained liquids and vertical gutters 115 channeling them towards the lower part of the device where they will be drawn off by a pipe 116 equipped with devices as in the previous examples.

Le nez de torche peut être réalisé de différentes façons qui seront toujours installées verticalement ou sub-verticalement. En particulier dans la fig. 5A, l'extrémité du fût de torche 121 comporte un ajutage calibré 122 de section circulaire réduite destiné à la mise en vitesse du gaz débouchant au-dessus d'une plaque circulaire horizontale 123 munie d'ailettes radiales verticales 124 destinées à guider les filets d'air ou de vent dans la partie convergente-divergente d'un venturi 125 dont le col 126 sera placé légèrement au-dessus de l'extrémité supérieure de l'ajutage 122 de façon à obtenir l'effet d'entraînement d'air recherché. La surface externe du venturi 125 pourra être munie d'ailettes verticales 130 guidant les filets d'air ou de vent. L'extrémité supérieure du venturi comportera une couronne interne circulaire perforée 127 de façon à permettre l'accrochage de la flamme. Si du gaz basse pression devait être éliminé, ceci pourrait être réalisé par une tubulure 128 débouchant en 129 dans le venturi, au-delà du col, dans la zone à dépression duditventuri. Dans la fig. 5B le nez de torche pourra comporter les mêmes dispositifs que la fig. 5A mais diffère de ce dernier en ce que l'ajutage de sortie du gaz est remplacé par une couronne annulaire circulaire 132 dont l'arrivée de gaz est de direction axiale 135 ou tangentielle 135'à à la couronne 132 selon l'effet recherché. En outre une carotte centrale 133 pourra être placée au centre du dispositif afin d'accentuer l'effet venturi pour certaines applications. Les ailettes 134 de suspension de la carotte centrale 133 pourront être planes et verticales ou de surface hélicoïdale de façon à être adaptées à l'effet de guidage désiré.The torch nose can be made in different ways which will always be installed vertically or sub-vertically. In particular in fig. 5A, the end of the torch barrel 121 has a calibrated nozzle 122 of reduced circular section intended for the speeding up of the gas emerging above a horizontal circular plate 123 provided with vertical radial fins 124 intended to guide the threads of air or wind in the converging-diverging part of a venturi 125 whose neck 126 will be placed slightly above the upper end of the nozzle 122 so as to obtain the effect of air entrainment research. The external surface of the venturi 125 may be provided with vertical fins 130 guiding the air or wind streams. The upper end of the venturi will comprise a perforated circular internal crown 127 so as to allow the attachment of the flame. If low pressure gas had to be removed, this could be achieved by a tube 128 opening at 129 in the venturi, beyond the neck, in the vacuum zone of said venturi. In fig. 5B the torch nose may include the same devices as FIG. 5A but differs from the latter in that the gas outlet nozzle is replaced by a neck circular annular column 132 whose gas inlet is in axial direction 135 or tangential 135 ′ to the crown 132 depending on the desired effect. In addition, a central core 133 can be placed in the center of the device in order to accentuate the venturi effect for certain applications. The fins 134 for suspending the central core 133 may be flat and vertical or of helical surface so as to be adapted to the desired guiding effect.

Dans la fig. 5C, la disposition des éléments constituant te nez de torche est semblable à celles prévues dans les fig. 5A et 5B, toutefois elle diffère en ce que fa! partie supérieure du venturi est un ensemble de pétales 136 pouvant admettre de l'air latéralement par des fentes 137 afin d'améliorer le mélange air-gaz.In fig. 5C, the arrangement of the elements constituting the torch nose is similar to those provided in FIGS. 5A and 5B, however it differs in that fa ! upper part of the venturi is a set of petals 136 which can admit air laterally through slots 137 in order to improve the air-gas mixture.

La fig. 5F propose une disposition semblable à la précédente mais dans laquelle la sortie du gaz s'effectue au travers d'une lèvre 138 tangente à la surface interne du venturi, soit dans sa partie basse, soit au col, soit comme représentée dans sa partie divergente, cette lèvre étant inclinée sur l'axe du cône de façon à communiquer au gaz un mouvement en spirale ascendant.Fig. 5F proposes an arrangement similar to the previous one but in which the gas outlet takes place through a lip 138 tangent to the internal surface of the venturi, either in its lower part, or at the neck, or as shown in its diverging part , this lip being inclined on the axis of the cone so as to impart to the gas an upward spiral movement.

Pour certaines applications, le mode de réalisation représenté fig. 6 présente une solution simplifiée de très faible encombrement dans laquelle tous les éléments du système sont rassemblés dans deux ensembles verticaux ou subverticaux, l'un ascendant 141 et l'autre descendant 142, reliés entre eux et aux installations par les canalisations nécessaires à leur fonctionnement. L'ensemble vertical ascendant comporte à sa base le ballon vertical de pied de torche 143 surmonté d'un carlingage 144 entourant tous les éléments requis jusqu'au nez de torche, et ayant pour buts principaux:

  • - la protection des éléments du système contre les éléments extérieurs tels que le givre, la glace;
  • - le supportage des éléments du système;,
  • - de permettre la vitesse pour contrôle et entretien des éléments du système jusqu'au nez de torche
  • - une amélioration du profil aérodynamique du système en vue de la diminution des sollicitations extérieures à prendre en compte pour le calcul de cette structure;
  • - un réchauffage éventuel de l'ensemble du système par un moyen quelconque tel que vapeur, fluide caloporteur ou électricité, pour pallier les problèmes créés, par exemple, mais non limitativement, par l'accumulation de givre sur les surfaces en contact avec l'atmosphère ou de dépôt d'hydrates de gaz dans les équipements et canalisations.
For certain applications, the embodiment shown in fig. 6 presents a simplified solution with a very small footprint in which all the elements of the system are gathered in two vertical or subvertical assemblies, one ascending 141 and the other descending 142, connected together and to the installations by the pipes necessary for their operation. . The ascending vertical assembly comprises at its base the vertical torch foot balloon 143 surmounted by a cabin 144 surrounding all the elements required up to the torch nose, and having for main purposes:
  • - protection of the elements of the system against external elements such as frost, ice;
  • - support for system elements;
  • - to allow the speed for control and maintenance of the elements of the system up to the torch nose
  • - an improvement in the aerodynamic profile of the system with a view to reducing the external stresses to be taken into account for the calculation of this structure;
  • - possible reheating of the entire system by any means such as steam, heat transfer fluid or electricity, to alleviate the problems created, for example, but not limited to, by the accumulation of frost on the surfaces in contact with the atmosphere or deposition of gas hydrates in equipment and pipes.

La partie verticale descendante 142 peut également être équipée d'un carlingage semblable afin d'obtenir des avantages similaires.The descending vertical part 142 can also be fitted with a similar cabin in order to obtain similar advantages.

En outre une simplification supplémentaire consistera à réaliser l'ensemble torche-colonne de trop-plein, en une tubulure continue, de section éventuellement variable, telle que représentée fig. 7, dans lequel la tubulure continue 150 constitue des parties actives du système et des carlinga- gesde protection des éléments du système, depuis le nez de torche 151 jusqu'à l'extrémité du tube de trop-plein 152.In addition, an additional simplification will consist in making the torch-column overflow assembly, in a continuous tubing, of possibly variable section, as shown in FIG. 7, in which the continuous tubing 150 constitutes active parts of the system and protective casings for the elements of the system, from the torch nose 151 to the end of the overflow tube 152.

Enfin, dans toutes les configurations d'installation de ce système de sécurité, ce dernier pourra utiliser, pour sa réalisation, des parties de tubulures déjà existantes, en acier ou autres matériaux, et pouvant remplir d'autres fonctions telles que le supportage des installations. Son supportage pourra être également réalisé à partir d'autres éléments tels que charpentes, requis ou non, pour remplir d'autres fonctions.Finally, in all the installation configurations of this security system, the latter may use, for its production, parts of already existing tubing, made of steel or other materials, and capable of fulfilling other functions such as supporting installations. . Its support can also be achieved from other elements such as frames, required or not, to fulfill other functions.

Claims (11)

1. A safety system intended to eliminate entrained or condensed liquids and to limit heat radiation and the intensity of noises received upon burning off or dispersing the gases from the production, treatment and transportation of fluids such as crude hydrocarbons produced on-shore and off-shore, which system may be installed on-shore or off-shore on any type of fixed or floating support, characterised in that it involves, in the gas flow chain (4), between the potential source of liquid and the communication with atmosphere, a container means (6) such as a flare stack base vessel, connected in its upper part to at least two flare stack shafts (13) or one or more container means (6) which are each connected to at least one flare stack shaft (13), said flare shafts (13) each comprising:
- a normal counter-pressure device (11) such as a calibrated flap valve (21) or valve of manual, automatic or piloted control type, the value of the counter-pressure applied to the gas at an upstream location (pressure threshold) being different for each of the flare stack shafts (13) such that, upon a continuous increase in the pressure of the gases, the arrangement provides successive staggered opening of the counter-pressure devices (11) and that in that way the speed of flow of the gas within the flare stack shafts (13) is always relatively hig h, and
- a tip (5) or an orifice for communication with atmosphere, provided with means which, by virtue of the high speed of flow of the gas, permit any drops of liquid which still exist in the gas flow to be atomised as mist and which make it possible to provide rapidly for intimate mixing of the gas with ambient air for the purposes of achieving rapid and total combustion and thus avoiding condensation and fall-back of the liquid drops which may or may not be ignited in its vicinity as well as a short flame with a low level of radiant heat.
2. A system according to Claim 1, characterised in that said counter-pressure means (11) consist of a calibrated flap valve (21) or a counter-pressure valve (51 ) which can be isolated by means of locked valves which are opened when the installation is in service and which is pilot-controlled by the upstream pressure and/or triggered by remote control voluntarily or automatically, which counter-pressure device may be provided with at least one orifice (22) making it possible to maintain an atmosphere, which may or may not be controlled, of combustible or inert gas in the downstream part of the flare stack shaft (13) and thus to avoid the intake of air byway of the upper end thereof, which orifice may be formed by a lip or a hole of a size which is close to or equal to the flame pinch distance and that disposed in parallel relationship with said counterpressure means is a device (11') which provides for rapid positive opening such as a rupture plate or a calibrated flap valve (21 ) permitting the upstream pressure to be limited at a preselected value, which device may itself be isolated by means of locked isolation valves which are opened when the installation is in service.
3. A system according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that control of the atmosphere in the downstream part of the flare stack shaft (13) is effected by an additional gas feed pipe (15) provided with a non-return valve.
4. A system according to one of the preceding claims characterised in that each flare stack shaft (13) is fitted with a liquid separator (12) which can be formed by ramp means or helicoidal vanes (112) for depositing the liquids which are entrained or generated on the wall of the tube, which liquid can be collected in a sock (113) and recycled to the upstream liquid-treatment installations, and that said liquid separator (12) may be fitted with a system for detecting liquids and a conduit system (16) for discharging said liquids, wherein the detection of an abnormal level can actuate an alarm and trigger off automatic or manual purging of the accumulated liquids.
5. A system according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the tip (5) of the flare stack shaft (13) is formed by a pipe of reduced flow section (1:22) permitting a high speed to be imparted to the gas when communicated with atmosphere, which gas flow section may be of an annularshape (132) so as to minimise or avoid the formation, in the axial part of the jet, of a central portion orcore (133) of gas which can diffuse into the atmosphere only at a relatively substantial distance from the flare stack tip (5) in order to reduce the intensity of the radiation emitted by the flame or to accelerate dispersion.
6. Asystem according to Claim 5, characterised in that the tip (5) is disposed upstream of the throat ofaventuri (125) at a distance such that the desired air entrainment effect is attained, the upper edge of which venturi may be provided with an internal lip (127) formed by expanded metal or perforated sheet so as promote catching of the flame and stability thereof, that the flare stack tip (5) maybe provided at its base with a substantially horizontal plate (125) with a flat or conical surface provided with vertical vanes (124) which are ftat orwound in a spiral configuration, to favour guiding the streams of air and to channel vertically the draft reaching the flare stack tip (5), and that the venturi (125) may itself be fitted with external vertical vanes (130) for favouring guiding of the streams of air and draft and for permitting the dissipation of heat which possibly accumulated in the body of the venturi (125).
7. A system according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the internal end of the flare stack tip (5) comprises, in its annular or full reduced section portion, vanes for guiding the streams of gas and imparting a helicoidal movement to the gas jet, and that the flare stack tip (5) may be flattened for example to be of rectangular or ellipsoidal section of small width and opening tangentially in the interior and in the lower part of funnel whose large opening is directed upwardly, said funnel being formed by metal petals (136) which are offset radially with respect to each other so as to permit the tangential intake of air which is entrained bythe gas jet within the funnel by a venturi or other effect and intimate mixing thereof with the gas.
8. A system according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises, connected to the gas outlet of a separator (1) receiving the hydrocarbons by way of at least one conduit (2) and provided with a circuit (3) for recovery of the liquids and/or connected to a conduit system or an installation for transporting gas (2'), a chain for the flow of gas (4) to atmosphere, which comprises at least one flare stack base vessel (6) which is possibly provided with a circuit for recovering drippel liquid (7) and to whcih at least one flare stack shaft (13) is connected, which separator (1) and flare stack base vessel (6) may be respectively equipped with circuits for detecting abnormal conditions of operation which are intended to close or cause the closure of the supply to the installation in the event of operation exceeding predetermined values.
9. A system according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the flare stack base vessel (6) is of dimensions to operate as a two- phase separator and/or that it may be provided with an overflow column (10) which opens below the level of liquid, for example the sea, with possibly a breather tube (9) reconnected to said flare stack base vessel.
10. A system according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the flare stack shaft or shafts (13) may constitute a support structure for the elements forming all or part of the system and optionally support elements which are foreign to said system and that for its construction and support means, it may use elements of the installation which perform other functions.
11. A system according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the assembly of the flare stack shafts (13) and their accessories may be partially or totally enclosed in a sheath (144) which makes it possible optionally to reheat the gas, to gain access to the flare stack tip (5), and to prevent the accumulation of frost or ice in the structure of the stack shafts if the climatic conditions are favourable thereto.
EP83400897A 1982-05-06 1983-05-04 System for preventing liquids from being driven to the flare stack tip Expired EP0095397B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83400897T ATE17388T1 (en) 1982-05-06 1983-05-04 SYSTEM TO PREVENT LIQUID ENTRY INTO THE FLARE OUTLET.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8207917 1982-05-06
FR8207917A FR2526525A1 (en) 1982-05-06 1982-05-06 SAFETY SYSTEM INTENDED IN PARTICULAR TO ELIMINATE COATED OR CONDENSED LIQUIDS WHEN BURNING OR DISPERSION OF HYDROCARBON GASES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0095397A1 EP0095397A1 (en) 1983-11-30
EP0095397B1 true EP0095397B1 (en) 1986-01-08

Family

ID=9273804

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83400897A Expired EP0095397B1 (en) 1982-05-06 1983-05-04 System for preventing liquids from being driven to the flare stack tip

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4516932A (en)
EP (1) EP0095397B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE17388T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8302344A (en)
DE (1) DE3361767D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2526525A1 (en)
NO (1) NO153380C (en)
OA (1) OA07421A (en)

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4610622A (en) * 1984-10-10 1986-09-09 Quinnell John O Method and apparatus for igniting flare gas
US4741691A (en) * 1987-01-20 1988-05-03 Messimer Joseph L Waste gas burner
US4892477A (en) * 1987-09-30 1990-01-09 Larry Zimmiond Apparatus for flaring gas
US5380195A (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-01-10 Reid; Brian Portable safety flare for combustion of waste gases
US5498153A (en) * 1994-07-25 1996-03-12 Jones; Wendyle Gas flare
NO180276C (en) * 1994-10-03 1997-03-19 Harald Hystad Device for burning gas in oil production
US5919036A (en) * 1996-12-02 1999-07-06 O'brien; Alan Method and apparatus for burning combustible gases
US5788477A (en) * 1997-03-26 1998-08-04 Jones; Wendyle Gas flare
US5829964A (en) * 1997-06-16 1998-11-03 Pegasus International Inc. Flare line gas purge system
FR2788112B1 (en) * 1998-12-30 2001-06-08 Total Raffinage Distribution TORCHERE-TYPE APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE COMBUSTION OF GAS
US6485292B1 (en) * 1999-11-19 2002-11-26 Process Equipment & Service Company, Inc. Flare stack for natural gas dehydrators
US7967600B2 (en) * 2006-03-27 2011-06-28 John Zink Company, Llc Flare apparatus
US20100291492A1 (en) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-18 John Zink Company, Llc Air flare apparatus and method
EP2467567A2 (en) * 2009-08-20 2012-06-27 Maersk Olie Og Gas A/S System for flare gas recovery
US8629313B2 (en) 2010-07-15 2014-01-14 John Zink Company, Llc Hybrid flare apparatus and method
EP2972619A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-01-20 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Flare network monitoring system and method
US10041672B2 (en) * 2013-12-17 2018-08-07 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Real-time burner efficiency control and monitoring
US10920982B2 (en) 2015-09-28 2021-02-16 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Burner monitoring and control systems
US11125431B2 (en) 2019-07-01 2021-09-21 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Flare spill protection
US11624265B1 (en) 2021-11-12 2023-04-11 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Cutting pipes in wellbores using downhole autonomous jet cutting tools
US11891880B1 (en) 2023-06-30 2024-02-06 Eog Resources, Inc. Intelligent automated prevention of high pressure flare events

Family Cites Families (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3868210A (en) * 1970-12-24 1975-02-25 Shell Oil Co Safety flare
BE790646A (en) * 1971-10-29 1973-02-15 Erap PLANT FOR THE BOTTOM SEPARATION OF EFFLUENT FROM PRODUCT WELLS OF A MARINE OIL FIELD
FR2195327A5 (en) * 1972-08-04 1974-03-01 Aquitaine Petrole
FR2225200B1 (en) * 1973-04-12 1976-05-21 Aquitaine Petrole
GB1422906A (en) * 1973-05-18 1976-01-28 Huettenwerksanlagen Mbh Ges Fu Flare burner for burning off combustible waste gases
US3824073A (en) * 1973-08-13 1974-07-16 Combustion Unltd Inc Flare stack gas burner
US3914094A (en) * 1974-06-03 1975-10-21 Ronald J Landry Waste oil burner
CA1029289A (en) * 1975-01-14 1978-04-11 Ferris G. Swann Gas burner
US4021189A (en) * 1975-01-16 1977-05-03 Porta-Test Manufacturing Ltd. Gas burner
US4003693A (en) * 1975-03-06 1977-01-18 Combustion Unlimited Incorporated Flare stack gas burner
US3994671A (en) * 1975-03-14 1976-11-30 Combustion Unlimited Incorporated Flare gas burner
US4011995A (en) * 1975-04-09 1977-03-15 Otis Engineering Corporation Burner nozzle assembly
GB1551915A (en) * 1975-11-12 1979-09-05 British Petroleum Co Burner element
CH597559A5 (en) * 1976-08-18 1978-04-14 Albert Edward Proctor Flare stack with cylindrical end
US4118173A (en) * 1977-08-08 1978-10-03 Samuel Lebidine Unidirectional seal for flow passages
JPS5826497B2 (en) * 1977-10-04 1983-06-03 日立造船株式会社 Grand Flare waste gas introduction control device
US4147495A (en) * 1977-10-26 1979-04-03 Combustion Unlimited Incorporated Waste gas dispersion stack
CA1112888A (en) * 1978-01-11 1981-11-24 John F. Straitz, Iii Offshore/subsea flares
BR8005447A (en) * 1980-08-28 1982-04-27 Petroleo Brasileiro Sa HIGH CAPACITY BURNER

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO153380C (en) 1986-03-05
DE3361767D1 (en) 1986-02-20
FR2526525A1 (en) 1983-11-10
NO153380B (en) 1985-11-25
OA07421A (en) 1984-11-30
EP0095397A1 (en) 1983-11-30
US4516932A (en) 1985-05-14
FR2526525B1 (en) 1984-11-02
ATE17388T1 (en) 1986-01-15
NO831570L (en) 1983-11-07
BR8302344A (en) 1984-01-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0095397B1 (en) System for preventing liquids from being driven to the flare stack tip
EP1951434B1 (en) Multiphase liquid separating method and device
EP0834703B1 (en) Forced convection steam oven
FR2895271A1 (en) DEVICE FOR DISCHARGING A TREATMENT ENCLOSURE, IN PARTICULAR HYDROCARBONS, AND CORRESPONDING ENCLOSURE
EP2773450A1 (en) Distributor plate for a gas/liquid mixture equipped with distributor elements largely insensitive to the lack of horizontality
FR2539650A1 (en) VORTEX APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING AND ELIMINATING GAS FROM A LIQUID, AND INSTALLATION COMPRISING THE APPLICATION
FR2933877A1 (en) REACTOR FOR TREATMENT OR HYDROTREATMENT WITH A GRANULAR BED AND AN ESSENTIALLY LIQUID PHASE AND ESSENTIALLY GAS PHASE THROUGH THE BED
FR2741424A1 (en) LOW POLLUTION BURNER FOR OIL WELL TESTING
US20200332999A1 (en) Flare tip assembly
FR2554211A1 (en) REDUCTION VALVE EQUIPPED WITH A STEAM-LIQUID SEPARATOR
EP0088776B1 (en) System for preventing liquids from being driven to the flair stack tip
FR2723008A1 (en) CONCENTRATOR DEVICE FOR FINE OR BROKEN PARTICLES
EP1640062B1 (en) Fixed catalytic bed reactor with by-pass means through the bed and process using it
EP3147565B1 (en) Device for partially or totally removing a smoke plume, installation for discharging smoke to the atmosphere comprising such a device, and corresponding marine vessel
EP0026714A1 (en) Pressure discharging device for the primary circuit of a pressurised water reactor
CA1283332C (en) Food processing water heater and steam generator
FR2588778A1 (en) Liquid vortex separator
EP0082775B1 (en) Cowl for gaseous fluid
FR2473349A1 (en) PROCESS FOR SEPARATING THE LIQUID FROM A MIXTURE OF GAS AND LIQUID AND SEPARATOR FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD
EP0091842B1 (en) System for preventing liquids from being driven to the flare stack tip
EP0344063B1 (en) Degassing device for the fuel feeding of an internal combustion engine
FR1465707A (en) Improvements to hot liquid induction tubes
EP2198931A1 (en) Method and apparatus for extinguishing sparks transported by a stream of gas
BE356971A (en)
FR2778121A1 (en) Cyclonic flotation device for use in systems for treatment of industrial waters

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19840521

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19860108

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19860108

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 17388

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19860115

Kind code of ref document: T

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19860131

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: MANZONI & MANZONI

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3361767

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19860220

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19860531

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19860531

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19860531

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19860531

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: CHAUDOT GERARD

Effective date: 19860531

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19880129

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19880202

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19881122