EP0095397B1 - System zum Verhindern des Mitreissens von Flüssigkeiten in die Abgasfackelmündung - Google Patents
System zum Verhindern des Mitreissens von Flüssigkeiten in die Abgasfackelmündung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0095397B1 EP0095397B1 EP83400897A EP83400897A EP0095397B1 EP 0095397 B1 EP0095397 B1 EP 0095397B1 EP 83400897 A EP83400897 A EP 83400897A EP 83400897 A EP83400897 A EP 83400897A EP 0095397 B1 EP0095397 B1 EP 0095397B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- flare stack
- pressure
- tip
- liquids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
- F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
- F23G7/085—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks in stacks
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/005—Waste disposal systems
- E21B41/0071—Adaptation of flares, e.g. arrangements of flares in offshore installations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
- E21B43/36—Underwater separating arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a safety system intended to eliminate the fallout of liquids, and according to the fluctuations in the flow rate to be flared or disposed of, to ensure good combustion or good dispersion in order to shorten the flame and reduce the heat radiation and the intensity. noise received in the installations, when flaring or dispersing the gases produced, processing and transporting hydrocarbons, in particular at sea (off shore).
- Each of these backpressure devices can be doubled, in parallel by a quick positive opening device such as a bursting plate for example, making it possible to cap the upstream pressure at a preset value, by accidental blockage of the normal back-pressure device.
- Each normal back-pressure device may also be either provided with at least one small leak orifice making it possible to ensure, during periods of non-operation of the flaring or dispersing system, a continuous supply of gas to the torch. combustible or inert, or equipped with an annexed tubing fulfilling the above function, in order to avoid the ingress of air through the torch nose and the unfortunate consequences which might result therefrom.
- this small leak orifice may have a dimension smaller than that of the flame jamming, thus avoiding the installation of additional devices opposing the possible propagation of the flame.
- each torch barrel may be equipped, for example, but not limited to, with a liquid drop separator using a centrifugal or other effect, the condensates and liquids thus recovered being reinserted into the underlying installations to such an extent that there is no pressure mismatch or interference detrimental to safety.
- this separator can be equipped with an automatic or manual purge with high level alarm indicating to the personnel the operating state of the latter.
- the spraying of the remaining liquid may, for example, be ensured by venting the gases with a high initial speed generated by one or more orifices with thin lips or through one or more calibrated tubes.
- This thin lip orifice or this calibrated tube can possibly fulfill the motor function of a set based on the Venturi effect, the centripetal acceleration or the Coanda effect, to entrain the ambient air and mix it intimately with the flaring gas. or to disperse by turbulence and accelerated diffusion.
- the torch will be equipped with manual or automatic ignition and extinguishing means making it possible to initiate or smother the flame in different operating configurations or for safety or other reasons.
- a very high security system is therefore obtained which is particularly suitable for flaring or dispersion needs on confined installations, at sea for example.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a production installation equipped with all of a safety device according to a first embodiment of the invention, more generally corresponding to a continuous gas flow and relatively low, for example from a hydrocarbon separation or processing installation.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a second installation equipped with the entire safety device according to a second embodiment using a plurality of torch barrels, more generally corresponding to a large gas flow rate with wide variations in flow rates or at intermittent gas flow rates such as may be encountered in gas production and transportation facilities.
- Figs. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F are schematic representations showing particular features of the construction of the back pressure device.
- Figs. 4A, 4B, 4C are diagrammatic representations showing particular features of simple construction of the device for separating entrained liquids.
- Fig. 4D is a schematic view according to arrow F in FIG. 4A.
- Figs. 5A, 5B, 5C, 5F are schematic representations showing particular features of the device for spraying entrained or condensed liquids and aerating the gas jet with stabilization of the flame.
- Fig. 5E is a schematic top view of FIG. 5C.
- Fig. 5D is a fragmentary and schematic top view of FIG. 5F.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the entire safety device in which the lower part of the torch barrel acts as a torch foot balloon so as to obtain a smaller installation.
- Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of the entire safety device where all the elements constituting it are aligned on a generally vertical axis with direct opening of the bottom of the torch foot balloon into the sea.
- the installation comprises, first of all, either a source of drive for liquid hydrocarbons constituted by a separator 1 receiving the crude oil or the crude gas by an inlet pipe 2, or a source of gas constituted by a 2 'line, i.e. both sources simultaneously.
- the separator 1 is conventionally equipped with a circuit 3 for normal recovery of oil and condensates, a circuit 4 ′ for normal gas recovery and a gas outlet connected to a gas flow chain 4 to the nose 5 of the torch.
- This gas flow chain 4 comprises, between the separator 1 and the nose of the torch 5, a torch base balloon 6 equipped, in a conventional manner, with a drip recovery circuit 7 comprising or not a pumping means 8 and a safety overflow tube 10 opening below sea level 17, with breather 9.
- the separator 1, the torch base balloon 6 and the safety overflow tube 10, all three are equipped with a high level detection circuit, intended to shut off, in the event of an abnormally high liquid level, the crude or gas supply source of the installation.
- this installation successively comprises according to the invention a back-pressure device 11 doubled in parallel by a bursting plate 11 ′, a liquid separator 12 and a torch nose 5.
- the back-pressure device 11 is closed, the flow of combustible or inert gas suitable for preventing air from entering through the torch nose 5 is brought either by a lateral tube 15, or by a small orifice provided through the backpressure device 11.
- a first damping of the jerk pressure will be carried out by the safety overflow tube 10 thus playing the role of shock absorber, with simultaneous opening of the back pressure device 11 and flow of gas to the torch.
- a pressure increase upstream of the device 11 due to too slow an opening, a blockage thereof or for any other reason, will cause the membrane of the bursting plate 11 ′ to burst and the gas to flow in the torch 13.
- any liquids entrained or condensed are trapped in the separator 12 and reinserted in the upstream installations by a tube 14 equipped with a liquid purging device 16 manual or automatic, controlled or not. ! e gas then reaches the torch nose 5 where the remaining liquids are sprayed and intimately mixed as well as the gas in the ambient air by the effect of a high ejection speed and a disposition of the nose5 promoting the diffusion and The mixture.
- the back-pressure device 11 will normally be open and the entire safety device will be in service.
- the installation comprises a plurality of torch barrels 13a, 13b, 1 3c limited to three in the drawing only for reasons of clarity, each of which can be equipped with the devices provided in FIG. 1, in particular the back-pressure devices 11 a, 11 b, 11 c being calibrated at substantially different opening pressures so as to maintain in each torch barrel, according to the torch flow rate, a sufficiently high speed in the devices located downstream to allow their correct functioning.
- the flame length from the entire flow of gas will only be that corresponding substantially to the flow passing through a single torch barrel, and not that corresponding to the entire flow to be flared, regardless of the calculation method used to determine its length.
- the intensity of the jet and flame noises will be maximum with only one of the torches in service at its maximum flow, and will correspond to the flow passing through it.
- the successive commissioning of the other torches corresponding to an increase in the flaring flow rate will result in a reduction in the noise intensity defined above.
- the operating pressure of the torch foot balloon 6 can be raised significantly taking into account the operation of these ancillary devices, this leading to a significant reduction in the corresponding volumes and weights.
- This advantage can be significant in offshore installations where the costs are very sensitive to the weights and dimensions.
- the back pressure devices 11, 11 a, 11 b, 11 c can be produced in different ways and installed in several modes.
- the back-pressure device consists of a calibrated valve 21 pierced with an orifice 22, a valve 23 allows manually and periodically to verify that there is no accumulation of liquids on the valve, which can interfere with or prevent its operation.
- the orifice 32 allowing the gaseous head to be maintained is drilled laterally in the gas pipe upstream of the back pressure valve 31, the liquids flowing in the torch barrel are trapped in a blooming of the torch barrel and purged by an automatic valve 33 controlled by a level detector 34.
- the fuel gas canopy is maintained by an external pipe 41.
- the inert gas canopy by an external pipe 42, equipped with a non-return valve 47, the liquids flowing from the upper part are trapped in a sock 43 and evacuated by an automatic purge valve 44.
- An abnormally high level detector H LA 45 and an abnormally low level detector LLA 46 inform operators of a malfunction of the drip recovery system.
- the back-pressure device consists of a valve 51 whose position is controlled by a PC pressure regulator 52.
- the back pressure valve 61 is placed laterally to a sock 62 for drip recovery equipped with a liquid purge pipe 63 provided with a manual valve 64.
- a pipe 65 equipped with a valve 66 and a non-return valve 67 enables fuel or inert gas to be supplied to the upper part of the torch barrel during periods of standstill.
- the back pressure valve 71 is placed on a horizontal or sub-horizontal part of the torch barrel.
- the vertical part of the downstream torch barrel ends at its lower part with a sock 72 for collecting drips.
- This sock is equipped with a liquid purge pipe 73 provided with a valve 74 controlled by a liquid level controller 75.
- Abnormally high 77 and low 76 level detectors inform operators of the malfunction of the system for resuming dripping.
- the device for separating entrained liquids can be produced in different ways and installed in several modes.
- the device shown in fig. 4A and 4D includes a centrifugal separator 81 with a tangent inlet 82 of the fluid, the separated liquids being evacuated downwards by a pipe 83 for the return of drips equipped with an automatic purge device 84 and the gases upwards through the part downstream of the torch barrel 85
- fig. 4B proposes a horizontal or sub-horizontal arrangement in which the gas inlet 91 is connected to a development 92 of the pipe, comprising a central core 93 connected to the outer tube by helical fins 94, giving a helical movement to the fluids the crossing.
- the gas leaving this device goes to the torch nose via a pipe 95 while the liquids plated on the wall are collected in a sock 96 fitted with a drain pipe 97 provided with a valve 98 controlled by a level detector 99 High level 100 and low level 101 alarms inform operators of any malfunction of the purge system.
- the device shown in fig. 4C relates to an arrangement similar to that of FIG. 4B but which can be placed vertically on the torch barrel in order to reduce the bulk.
- the inlet tubing 111 is not open and comprises helical fins 112 which do not necessarily cover the full section of the tubing 111.
- the chamber 113 for recovering liquids has plates pierced with holes 114 stopping the entrained liquids and vertical gutters 115 channeling them towards the lower part of the device where they will be drawn off by a pipe 116 equipped with devices as in the previous examples.
- the torch nose can be made in different ways which will always be installed vertically or sub-vertically.
- the end of the torch barrel 121 has a calibrated nozzle 122 of reduced circular section intended for the speeding up of the gas emerging above a horizontal circular plate 123 provided with vertical radial fins 124 intended to guide the threads of air or wind in the converging-diverging part of a venturi 125 whose neck 126 will be placed slightly above the upper end of the nozzle 122 so as to obtain the effect of air entrainment research.
- the external surface of the venturi 125 may be provided with vertical fins 130 guiding the air or wind streams.
- the upper end of the venturi will comprise a perforated circular internal crown 127 so as to allow the attachment of the flame. If low pressure gas had to be removed, this could be achieved by a tube 128 opening at 129 in the venturi, beyond the neck, in the vacuum zone of said venturi.
- the torch nose may include the same devices as FIG. 5A but differs from the latter in that the gas outlet nozzle is replaced by a neck circular annular column 132 whose gas inlet is in axial direction 135 or tangential 135 ′ to the crown 132 depending on the desired effect.
- a central core 133 can be placed in the center of the device in order to accentuate the venturi effect for certain applications.
- the fins 134 for suspending the central core 133 may be flat and vertical or of helical surface so as to be adapted to the desired guiding effect.
- the arrangement of the elements constituting the torch nose is similar to those provided in FIGS. 5A and 5B, however it differs in that fa ! upper part of the venturi is a set of petals 136 which can admit air laterally through slots 137 in order to improve the air-gas mixture.
- Fig. 5F proposes an arrangement similar to the previous one but in which the gas outlet takes place through a lip 138 tangent to the internal surface of the venturi, either in its lower part, or at the neck, or as shown in its diverging part , this lip being inclined on the axis of the cone so as to impart to the gas an upward spiral movement.
- the descending vertical part 142 can also be fitted with a similar cabin in order to obtain similar advantages.
- an additional simplification will consist in making the torch-column overflow assembly, in a continuous tubing, of possibly variable section, as shown in FIG. 7, in which the continuous tubing 150 constitutes active parts of the system and protective casings for the elements of the system, from the torch nose 151 to the end of the overflow tube 152.
- this security system may use, for its production, parts of already existing tubing, made of steel or other materials, and capable of fulfilling other functions such as supporting installations. . Its support can also be achieved from other elements such as frames, required or not, to fulfill other functions.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT83400897T ATE17388T1 (de) | 1982-05-06 | 1983-05-04 | System zum verhindern des mitreissens von fluessigkeiten in die abgasfackelmuendung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8207917A FR2526525A1 (fr) | 1982-05-06 | 1982-05-06 | Systeme de securite destine notamment a eliminer les liquides entraines ou condenses, lors du torchage ou de la dispersion de gaz d'hydrocarbures |
| FR8207917 | 1982-05-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0095397A1 EP0095397A1 (de) | 1983-11-30 |
| EP0095397B1 true EP0095397B1 (de) | 1986-01-08 |
Family
ID=9273804
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83400897A Expired EP0095397B1 (de) | 1982-05-06 | 1983-05-04 | System zum Verhindern des Mitreissens von Flüssigkeiten in die Abgasfackelmündung |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4516932A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0095397B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE17388T1 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR8302344A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3361767D1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2526525A1 (de) |
| NO (1) | NO153380C (de) |
| OA (1) | OA07421A (de) |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4610622A (en) * | 1984-10-10 | 1986-09-09 | Quinnell John O | Method and apparatus for igniting flare gas |
| US4741691A (en) * | 1987-01-20 | 1988-05-03 | Messimer Joseph L | Waste gas burner |
| US4892477A (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1990-01-09 | Larry Zimmiond | Apparatus for flaring gas |
| US5380195A (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-01-10 | Reid; Brian | Portable safety flare for combustion of waste gases |
| US5498153A (en) * | 1994-07-25 | 1996-03-12 | Jones; Wendyle | Gas flare |
| NO180276C (no) * | 1994-10-03 | 1997-03-19 | Harald Hystad | Anordning for avbrenning av gass i oljeproduksjon |
| US5919036A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 1999-07-06 | O'brien; Alan | Method and apparatus for burning combustible gases |
| US5788477A (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 1998-08-04 | Jones; Wendyle | Gas flare |
| US5829964A (en) * | 1997-06-16 | 1998-11-03 | Pegasus International Inc. | Flare line gas purge system |
| FR2788112B1 (fr) * | 1998-12-30 | 2001-06-08 | Total Raffinage Distribution | Appareil de type torchere et procede pour la combustion de gaz |
| US6485292B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2002-11-26 | Process Equipment & Service Company, Inc. | Flare stack for natural gas dehydrators |
| US7967600B2 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2011-06-28 | John Zink Company, Llc | Flare apparatus |
| US20100291492A1 (en) * | 2009-05-12 | 2010-11-18 | John Zink Company, Llc | Air flare apparatus and method |
| EP2467567A2 (de) * | 2009-08-20 | 2012-06-27 | Maersk Olie Og Gas A/S | System zur fackelgasrückgewinnung |
| US8629313B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2014-01-14 | John Zink Company, Llc | Hybrid flare apparatus and method |
| JP6177416B2 (ja) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-08-09 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニー | フレアモニタリングシステム |
| US10041672B2 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2018-08-07 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Real-time burner efficiency control and monitoring |
| WO2017058832A1 (en) | 2015-09-28 | 2017-04-06 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Burner monitoring and control systems |
| WO2018004715A1 (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2018-01-04 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Well testing systems and methods with mobile monitoring |
| US11125431B2 (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-09-21 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Flare spill protection |
| US11624265B1 (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2023-04-11 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Cutting pipes in wellbores using downhole autonomous jet cutting tools |
| US11891880B1 (en) | 2023-06-30 | 2024-02-06 | Eog Resources, Inc. | Intelligent automated prevention of high pressure flare events |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3868210A (en) * | 1970-12-24 | 1975-02-25 | Shell Oil Co | Safety flare |
| BE790646A (fr) * | 1971-10-29 | 1973-02-15 | Erap | Installation pour la separation de fond des effluents des puitsproducteurs d'un champ petrolier marin |
| FR2195327A5 (de) * | 1972-08-04 | 1974-03-01 | Aquitaine Petrole | |
| FR2225200B1 (de) * | 1973-04-12 | 1976-05-21 | Aquitaine Petrole | |
| GB1422906A (en) * | 1973-05-18 | 1976-01-28 | Huettenwerksanlagen Mbh Ges Fu | Flare burner for burning off combustible waste gases |
| US3824073A (en) * | 1973-08-13 | 1974-07-16 | Combustion Unltd Inc | Flare stack gas burner |
| US3914094A (en) * | 1974-06-03 | 1975-10-21 | Ronald J Landry | Waste oil burner |
| CA1029289A (en) * | 1975-01-14 | 1978-04-11 | Ferris G. Swann | Gas burner |
| US4021189A (en) * | 1975-01-16 | 1977-05-03 | Porta-Test Manufacturing Ltd. | Gas burner |
| US4003693A (en) * | 1975-03-06 | 1977-01-18 | Combustion Unlimited Incorporated | Flare stack gas burner |
| US3994671A (en) * | 1975-03-14 | 1976-11-30 | Combustion Unlimited Incorporated | Flare gas burner |
| US4011995A (en) * | 1975-04-09 | 1977-03-15 | Otis Engineering Corporation | Burner nozzle assembly |
| GB1551915A (en) * | 1975-11-12 | 1979-09-05 | British Petroleum Co | Burner element |
| CH597559A5 (en) * | 1976-08-18 | 1978-04-14 | Albert Edward Proctor | Flare stack with cylindrical end |
| US4118173A (en) * | 1977-08-08 | 1978-10-03 | Samuel Lebidine | Unidirectional seal for flow passages |
| JPS5826497B2 (ja) * | 1977-10-04 | 1983-06-03 | 日立造船株式会社 | グランドフレアの廃ガス導入制御装置 |
| US4147495A (en) * | 1977-10-26 | 1979-04-03 | Combustion Unlimited Incorporated | Waste gas dispersion stack |
| CA1112888A (en) * | 1978-01-11 | 1981-11-24 | John F. Straitz, Iii | Offshore/subsea flares |
| BR8005447A (pt) * | 1980-08-28 | 1982-04-27 | Petroleo Brasileiro Sa | Queimador de alta capacidade |
-
1982
- 1982-05-06 FR FR8207917A patent/FR2526525A1/fr active Granted
-
1983
- 1983-04-29 US US06/489,857 patent/US4516932A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-05-04 AT AT83400897T patent/ATE17388T1/de active
- 1983-05-04 NO NO831570A patent/NO153380C/no unknown
- 1983-05-04 EP EP83400897A patent/EP0095397B1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-05-04 DE DE8383400897T patent/DE3361767D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-05-05 BR BR8302344A patent/BR8302344A/pt unknown
- 1983-05-06 OA OA57992A patent/OA07421A/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| OA07421A (fr) | 1984-11-30 |
| FR2526525B1 (de) | 1984-11-02 |
| US4516932A (en) | 1985-05-14 |
| DE3361767D1 (en) | 1986-02-20 |
| NO153380B (no) | 1985-11-25 |
| ATE17388T1 (de) | 1986-01-15 |
| NO153380C (no) | 1986-03-05 |
| NO831570L (no) | 1983-11-07 |
| EP0095397A1 (de) | 1983-11-30 |
| FR2526525A1 (fr) | 1983-11-10 |
| BR8302344A (pt) | 1984-01-10 |
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