EP0091471B1 - Coke extinction device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a coke quenching device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Coke quenchers are known. So z. B. in DE-PS 873 686 describes a device for extinguishing coke, which has a container with an inclined bottom and at the lower end of an opening for the escape of water vapor. During the spraying of extinguishing water, the container is provided with a tightly fitting lid. The steam generated during the extinguishing process flows through the glowing coke mass in the extinguishing container and leaves the container through the opening at the bottom end.

When using modern coke ovens, this device must be moved during the pressing-out process to take up the glowing coke and must have a length of about 14 to 24 m. This makes dedusting very difficult, since the detection hoods have to be very large and considerable amounts of gases containing dust have to be extracted. Also, because of the very obliquely arranged floor, the coke bed in the fire truck and therefore the flow of water vapor is very uneven, which leads to considerable differences in the coke temperature and in the coke moisture. Finally, the device is not suitable for using the gases released during the extinguishing, such as water vapor, for further use.

From DE-PS 23 20 057 a method and a device for extinguishing a heated bulk material, in particular coke, are known. In this case, the coke to be cooled lies in a container on a permeable floor. The container is closed with a lid with outlet openings for the extinguishing water. The extinguishing container rests on a box, the upper part of which consists of grate bars and forms the permeable container bottom. At least one of the side walls of the box can be pivoted outwards.

• a) Der Rost wird jedesmal beim Beschicken des Löschbehälters durch den aus 8 bis 10 m Höhe herabfallenden Koks starken Stößen ausgesetzt ;
• b) der Rost muß das Gewicht der Koksschüttung, das 30 t erreichen kann, tragen ;
• c) der Rost wird durch den glühenden Koks, der Temperaturen von 1000 bis 1100°C aufweist, stark erhitzt ;
• d) auf den Rost wirkt Wasserdampf ein, der Temperaturen bis zu 700 °C erreichen kann, wobei auch höhere Drücke auftreten ;
• e) den Rost greifen reaktionsfreudige Stoffe, z. B. Schwefeloxide und Schwefelwasserstoff, an, die entweder mit dem Löschwasser in die Koksschüttung eingeschleppt oder während des Löschens durch den Wasserdampf aus dem Koks ausgetrieben werden ;
• f) der Rost wird den vorgenannten Beanspruchungen periodisch unterworden, da sich der Löschzyklus ständig wiederholt. Dies läßt Alterungserscheinungen im Rostmaterial früher entstehen als bei gleichbleibenden Dauerbeanspruchungen.

The bottom of the extinguishing container, which is designed as a grate, is subject to heavy wear for various reasons:

• a) The grate is exposed to strong impacts every time the fire tank is loaded due to the coke falling from a height of 8 to 10 m;
• b) the grate must support the weight of the coke fill, which can reach 30 t;
• c) the grate is strongly heated by the glowing coke, which has temperatures of 1000 to 1100 ° C;
• d) water vapor acts on the grate, which can reach temperatures of up to 700 ° C, whereby higher pressures also occur;
• e) the rust grab reactive substances, e.g. B. sulfur oxides and hydrogen sulfide, which are either carried into the coke bed with the extinguishing water or are expelled from the coke by the water vapor during the extinguishing;
• f) the grate is subjected to the aforementioned stresses periodically, since the extinguishing cycle is repeated continuously. This causes signs of aging in the rust material to develop earlier than with constant long-term stresses.

It should be taken into account that these loads on the grate occur to a large extent at the same time.

To date, there is still no material available which, despite the stresses mentioned, enables such grates to have a long service life. That is why these gratings have to be replaced frequently. The corresponding assembly work can only be done inside the extinguishing container, for which purpose it must be cooled. This leads to interruptions of at least 4 to 6 hours.

In addition, the extinguishing of the coke is often impaired by the fact that smaller pieces of coke get stuck in the openings of the grate and block them, so that the passage of water vapor is made more difficult.

In addition, the maximum bed height of the coke is reduced by about 600 mm through the box under the perforated bottom of the extinguishing container according to DE-PS 23 20 057. This can lead to difficulties with older coke oven batteries because the available height for extinguishing containers is limited.

For the rest, the side wall pivotably attached to the box below the known extinguishing container naturally has surfaces which have to be sealed separately and which can lead to leaks at high steam pressures.

DE-OS 29 29 385 also specifies an extinguishing container in which heated coke lies on a grate and is treated with extinguishing liquid from above. The steam formed emerges from the side of the extinguishing container at the bottom.

US Pat. No. 2,250,262 shows a laterally unloadable container with a saddle bottom. It is intended with the oblique bottom arrangement on two sides, on the one hand the impact and thus the breaking of bulk material, for. B. of coke, if it falls into the container from a greater height. On the other hand, the slope of the bottom should also accelerate the emptying of the container. The document does not refer to the extinguishing of coke.

The invention has for its object to provide a coke extinguishing device in which on the one hand the gases formed during extinguishing, for. B. steam, flow through the coke bed evenly, without there being areas with very different temperatures. These gases are also intended to be used for further use after they have passed through the coke bed can be collected and cleaned.

On the other hand, the parts of the device should be designed so that they can withstand the mechanical, thermal and chemical loads, e.g. B. sufficiently withstand the stresses mentioned under a) to f) above, even after numerous extinguishing cycles, d. H. have a long lifespan and are easy to replace in a short time if necessary.

The device should also allow utilization of the maximum dumping height of the coke, particularly when used on older coke oven batteries.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the base is designed as a deflecting base (12), that in the lower region of the coke extinguishing container (1) there are outlet openings (14) in at least two mutually opposite walls (15) and then one discharge line (3 ) are provided, over the clear cross section of which a retaining member (16) extends.

Various advantages result from the invention.

The device according to the invention, in particular the retention elements in the discharge lines for the gases produced during the extinguishing, have a particularly long service life because at least the mechanical and thermal loads on the retention elements are significantly reduced. On the one hand, there is no impact load on the retaining element when charging the extinguishing container with coke. On the other hand, the weight of the Köksschüte does not weigh on the restraint. This can also be arranged in such a way that it does not come into direct contact with the very hot, not yet extinguished coke.

In addition, the arrangement of the restraining elements in the discharge lines for the gases produced during the extinguishing means can be quickly replaced without long interruptions in operation.

It is of particular importance that due to the lateral attachment of the retaining elements in the extinguishing container, the height of the coke bed in this container can extend further downwards and the usable volume is thus increased. In the device according to the invention, the lateral removal of the gases from the extinguishing container enables an additional height of about 600 mm to be obtained for the coke fill in the container. This is particularly important when using the extinguishing container in the form of a single-point container car and when picking up coke to be extinguished from furnace batteries of various, in particular older, designs. In addition to the better uses of the facility, this also results in lower construction costs for the extinguishing container.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, a closed deflecting base is provided. This base shape is particularly well adapted to the streamlines of the extinguishing medium in the coke bed and ensures a uniform cooling of the coke.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the deflecting base is perforated and combined with an underlying gas collecting space, which is connected via partial lines to the leads leading to gas cleaners. This ensures that the extinguishing medium flows around the coke layer lying directly on the deflecting base and is therefore cooled uniformly.

The retention members in the discharge lines of the extinguishing container are preferably adjustable to change the clear cross section of the discharge lines. This is favorable for the optimization of the extinguishing process, because it causes the ratio of the partial flows of the extinguishing medium through the retaining member and through the perforated base depending on z. B. the type of coke, its temperature and its bulk density can be adjusted individually.

To accelerate the discharge of the extinguishing medium from the gas collecting space under the perforated deflecting base, the outlet ends of the associated sub-lines are arranged within the lines in which the retaining elements are provided. The outlet ends of the partial lines can be designed as injector nozzles.

In a special embodiment, the clear cross section of the discharge lines, which have the retaining members, is reduced in the area of the injector nozzles. This increases the speed of the extinguishing medium flowing around the injector nozzles. The result is a negative pressure in the area around the injector nozzles and an increased suction of gases from these nozzles.

It has been shown that the flow conditions in the extinguishing container lead to a particularly uniform cooling of the coke when the deflecting base is at its highest in the central region of the extinguishing container and from there is designed to drop symmetrically in the direction of the outlet openings, in the area of which the retaining elements are located .

The retention members are preferably designed as grids. It is advantageous if the main surface of the grate is arranged at the beginning or inside the discharge line for the extinguishing medium perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of this discharge line. This results in the smallest possible dimensions for the grate.

In particular, use is made of a device in which a grate is located as a retaining element in the plane of the nearest wall of the extinguishing container. This arrangement of the retaining member is relatively simple to manufacture.

In some cases it is also advantageous if the angle between the main surface of the grating acting as a retaining element and the longitudinal direction of the associated water vapor discharge deviates from 90 °. The inclination of the grate obtained in this way in some cases means that the glowing coke does not touch the grate and thus protects its material mechanically and thermally.

For a more intensive flow of the coke to be cooled in the lower region of the extinguishing container, it is expedient to provide deflection devices above the outlet openings for the extinguishing medium on the extinguishing container walls, which deflect the extinguishing medium flowing down these walls to the central region of the coke bed.

When the glowing coke is poured into the container, the coke is deflected inwards by the deflection devices, so that the grids remain unaffected by the falling coke.

In order to cool the coke fill evenly over its cross-section and not to use more than the required amount of extinguishing water, it is advantageous to use spray nozzles with different inner diameters at the same time. As a result, the amount of water in the extinguishing tank can be set in different areas of the extinguishing water supply depending on the path length covered by the extinguishing water in the coke bed. For example, more extinguishing water can be applied to the surface of the coke bed in those areas from which the path of the extinguishing water through the coke bed is longer than from other areas.

It has also proven to be advantageous to determine the different extinguishing water supply with the aid of a different number of spray nozzles per unit area of the extinguishing container lid. Nozzles with the same diameter can be used.

In the drawing, exemplary embodiments of the coke extinguishing device according to the invention are schematically explained:

• Figur 1 eine Einrichtung mit einem geschlossenen Ablenkboden, einem Rost als Rückhalteorgan in der Ebene der jeweiligen Löschbehälterwand und zwei Gasreinigern auf einem Fahrgestell, teilweise im Schnitt ;
• Figur 2 eine Teilansicht einer Auslaßöffnung am Boden eines. Löschbehälters gemäß Fig. 1, jedoch mit einem nach unten zur Behältermitte geneigten Rost ;
• Figur 3 eine Teilansicht einer Auslaßöffnung gemäß Fig. 2 mit einem nach unten zur Behäiteraußenseite geneigten Rost ;
• Figur 4 eine Teilansicht einer Auslaßöffnung gemäß Fig. mit einem Rost im ersten geraden Abschnitt der Gasableitung ;
• Figur 5 eine Teilansicht einer Auslaßöffnung gemäß Fig. 2 mit einem Rost im ersten gekrümmten Abschnitt der Gasabieitung ;
• Figur 6 eine Teilansicht einer Auslaßöffnung gemäß Fig. 2 mit einem Rost im zweiten geraden Abschnitt der Gasableitung ;
• Figur 7 die Einrichtung gemäß Fig. 1, zusätzlich mit Ablenkvorrichtungen über den Auslaßöffnungen für das Löschmedium ;
• Figur 8 eine Einrichtung mit einem perforierten Ablenkboden, einem Rost als Rückhalteorgan in der Ebene der jeweiligen Behälterwand und zwei Gasreinigern auf einem Fahrgestell, teilweise im Schnitt.

He show:

• Figure 1 shows a device with a closed baffle, a grate as a retaining element in the plane of the respective extinguishing tank wall and two gas cleaners on a chassis, partly in section;
• Figure 2 is a partial view of an outlet opening at the bottom of a. Extinguishing container according to FIG 1, but with a grate inclined downwards towards the center of the container;
• FIG. 3 shows a partial view of an outlet opening according to FIG. 2 with a grate inclined downwards towards the outside of the container;
• FIG. 4 shows a partial view of an outlet opening according to FIG. 1 with a grate in the first straight section of the gas discharge line;
• 5 shows a partial view of an outlet opening according to FIG. 2 with a grate in the first curved section of the gas discharge line;
• FIG. 6 shows a partial view of an outlet opening according to FIG. 2 with a grate in the second straight section of the gas discharge line;
• FIG. 7 shows the device according to FIG. 1, additionally with deflection devices over the outlet openings for the extinguishing medium;
• Figure 8 shows a device with a perforated baffle, a grate as a retaining element in the plane of the respective container wall and two gas cleaners on a chassis, partly in section.

The device according to FIG. Consists essentially of a coke extinguishing container 1, which is closed at the top with a lid 2 and is connected at the bottom via two discharge lines 3 to two gas cleaners 4. The device is arranged on a chassis 5.

A water supply line 6 branches at its end 7 into sub-lines 8, each of which is connected to a spray nozzle 9 on the underside of the cover 2. The lid 2 closes the coke extinguishing container 1 in a gas-tight manner with the aid of seals 10.

The container 1 filled with the coke bed 11 has a bottom in the form of a deflecting bottom 12. This extends on both sides of its apex 13 arranged in the middle of the container 1 essentially obliquely downwards in the direction of two outlet openings 14 in two opposite walls 15 of the container 1. The flanks of the deflecting base 12 on both sides of the apex 13 are aerodynamically downward arched. However, the curvature is not absolutely necessary.

At the two outlet openings 14, a retaining member 16 in the form of a grate is arranged in the plane of the nearest wall 15 of the container 1.

A relatively short horizontal section 17 of the derivation 3 connects to the outlet openings 14. The continuation of the leads 3 each forms an upwardly curved section 18 which merges into a relatively long vertical section 19.

The discharges 3 are connected via flanges 20 and seals 21 to feed lines 22, which also run vertically, to the gas cleaners 4. These are equipped with sliders 23 for dust removal. In addition, 4 derivatives 24 for the cleaned gas are provided on the gas cleaners. 1, 7 and 8, the gas cleaners 4 are shown as cyclones.

The device lies for its transport to the individual coke oven chambers on the chassis 5, which can be moved via wheels 25 on a track parallel to the coke oven battery.

In FIGS. 2 to 6, further expedient configurations for the arrangement of the retaining members 16 in the form of grids are given by way of example.

2, the grate is arranged directly at the outlet opening 14 and obliquely downwards towards the center of the container 1.

3, the grate is also attached directly to the outlet opening 14, but obliquely downwards to the outside of the container 1.

4 to 6, the grate is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the derivative 3. It is located either in the relatively short horizontal section 17 (FIG. 4), in the upwardly curved section 18 (FIG. 5) or at the beginning of the relatively long vertical section 19 (FIG. 6) of the derivative 3.

The further the rust in the drain 3 from the The outlet opening 14 is removed, the less there is a risk that the grate will come into contact with the red-hot coke and thereby be mechanically and thermally stressed.

Of course, the grate can also be arranged at other points and in other positions in the area of the outlet opening 14. The rust is z. B. from individual grate bars or from grate plates. It is preferably installed so that it can be replaced from the outside without having to get inside the container 1.

FIG. 7 shows a further development of the device according to FIG. 1. Deflection devices 26 are additionally provided above the outlet openings 14. The deflection devices 26 direct the downward flow of the extinguishing medium in the region of the walls 15 away from the outlet openings 14 and towards the center of the coke bed. As a result, the flow path of the extinguishing medium in the region of the walls 15 is lengthened and the heat absorption of this medium is therefore increased. In addition, when charging the container, the coke falling down is deflected by the deflecting device 26 from the retaining member 16, which is relatively protected against impact.

The device according to FIG. 1 has a deflecting base 12 which is perforated. The openings 27 of the perforation connect the space in which the coke bed 11 is located in the extinguishing container 1 with a gas collecting space 28 under the deflecting floor 12. The sub-lines 30 extend in a horizontal plane below the coke extinguishing container in opposite directions up to approximately the longitudinal axis of the respectively associated, relatively long vertical section 19 of the derivative 3. In the area of the longitudinal axis of this section 19, the sub-lines 30 are each at right angles upwards Inside the lead 3 introduced. The sections of the partial lines 30 located within the derivatives 3 are arranged approximately coaxially with the section 19. The outlet ends 31 of the partial lines 30 within the sections 19 are tapered in the form of injector nozzles.

To improve the injector effect, the clear cross section of the leads 3 in the area of the outlet ends 31 can be reduced.

To use it, the device according to FIG. 1 is moved in front of the coke oven chamber to be emptied. When the lid 2 is open, the extinguishing container 1 is filled with the glowing coke. After closing the lid 2, the coke bed 11 is sprayed with water via the nozzles 9. The water cools the coke by removing heat, whereby water vapor and possibly other gases, e.g. B. water gas are formed. The resulting gases flow downward through the coke bed 11 to the outlet openings 14 with further heat absorption. The deflecting base 12 supports a favorable flow direction of the cooling gases. In the area of the outlet opening 14, the hot gases pass out of the container 1 through the retaining elements 16, by which larger coke particles are retained.

The gases then reach the gas cleaners 4 via the discharge lines 3, where the gases are cleaned and leave the gas cleaners 4 via the discharge lines 24 for further thermal and / or chemical use.

When using the device according to FIG. 8, it is first moved in front of the coke oven chamber to be emptied. When the lid 2 is open, the extinguishing container 1 is filled with the glowing coke. After closing the lid 2, the coke bed 11 is sprayed with water via the nozzles 9. The water cools the coke by means of heat extraction, whereby water vapor and possibly other gases, e.g. B. water gas are formed. The resulting gases flow downward with further heat absorption through the coke bed 11.

The greater part of the gases leaves the extinguishing container 1 via the outlet openings 14, the downwardly curved shape of the deflecting base favoring the formation of a uniform gas flow. In the area of the outlet opening 14, the hot gases pass through the grids, from which possibly larger particles of coke which are entrained are retained. The gases then reach the gas cleaners 4 via the discharge lines 3.

At the same time, a smaller part of the gases formed in the extinguishing container 1 flows through the openings 27 of the deflecting base 12 into the gas collecting space 28. From there, the gases pass through the exhaust line 29, the two partial lines 30 and their outlet ends 31 into the derivatives 3, where the respective The aforementioned larger partial flow of the gases is combined with the smaller partial flow from the partial line 30.

The generation of a smaller partial flow through the perforated deflection plate 12 has the advantage that the coke layer lying directly on the deflection plate 12 is completely flowed through by the gases and cooled. As a result, the bottom layer of the coke bed is cooled just as well as its top areas.

The partial flow exiting via the grids results in a suction effect in the area around the outlet ends 31 of the partial lines 30. As a result, the smaller partial flow of the gases penetrating the perforated deflecting base 12 below the deflecting base 12 is rapidly discharged via the outlet ends 31. This suction effect can be reinforced by a cross-sectional tapering of the derivative 3 in the area of the outlet ends 31.

Alternatively, the clear cross-section of the leads 3 can be changed with the aid of adjustable retaining members 16 during coke extinguishing. As a result, the quantitative ratio of the partial flows emerging via the retaining members 16 to the partial flow running through the perforated deflecting plate 12 can be regulated, for. B. can in the initial phase of deletion partial flow leading through the deflecting base 12 is strengthened by reducing the passage area on the retaining members 16 and is weakened again in the subsequent phase in the reverse manner.

If necessary, the partial flow can be completely interrupted via the retention members 16 during any extinguishing phase. In this case, the partial lines 30 no longer function as bypass lines, but instead temporarily absorb the entire gas flow.

The retention members 16 can thus also act as valves. For this purpose they can e.g. B. be provided with lamella-like flaps, which can be changed or closed in order to throttle or interrupt the gas flow in their inclination. Instead of the flaps, a slide can also be provided, with which the clear cross section of the derivative 3 can be reduced as desired.

Claims (14)

1. Coke-quenching device with a coke-quenching vessel (1) which has walls (15), a bottom, a detachable cover (2) with spray nozzles (9) on the underside of the cover, and an outlet opening (14) for the gases produced on quenching, characterised in that the bottom is constructed as a deflecting bottom (12), and that, in the lower region of the coke-quenching vessel (1) in at least two mutually opposite walls (15), outlet openings (14) and, adjoining each of these, a discharge (3) are provided, a retaining element (16) extending over the free cross-section of each of these discharges.

2. Coke-quenching device with a sloping bottom (12) of the vessel (1), according to Claim 1, charaterised in that the deflecting bottom (12) is of closed design.

3. Coke-quenching device with a sloping bottom (12) of the vessel (1), according to Claim 1, characterised in that a perforated deflecting bottom (12) is provided, and a gas collection chamber (28) located underneath the latter is connected via branch lines (30) to the discharges (3).

4. Coke-quenching device according to Claim 3, characterised in that the retaining elements (16) are adjustable for varying the free cross-section of the discharges (3).

5. Coke-quenching device according to Claim 3 or 4, characterised in that the outlet ends (31) of the branch lines (30) are arranged inside the discharges (3) and are designed as injector nozzles.

6. Coke-quenching device according to Claim 5, characterised in that the free cross-section of the discharges (3) is reduced in the region of the outlet ends (31).

7. Coke-quenching device according to one of Claims 2 to 6, characterised in that, in the side view of the coke-quenching vessel (1), the deflecting bottom (12) is constructed to have the greatest height in the middle region of the vessel (1) and to slope down from there symmetrically in the direction of the outlet openings (14).

8. Coke-quenching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the retaining elements (16) are constructed as grates.

9. Coke-quenching device according to Claim 8, characterised in that the main surface of each grate is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the respective discharges (3).

10. Coke-quenching device according to Claim 9, characterised in that the grates are each arranged in the plane of the nearest wall (15) of the vessel (1).

11. Coke-quenching device according to Claim 8, characterised in that the angle between the main face of the grate and the longitudinal direction of the associated discharge (3) differs in each case from 90°.

12. Coke-quenching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that deflection devices (26) pointing towards the centre of the vessel (1) are provided on the walls (15) above the outlet openings (14).

13. Coke-quenching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the spray nozzles (9) have different internal diameters.

14. Coke-quenching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the number of spray nozzles (9) per unit area of the cover (2) varies.

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