EP0091176B1 - Procédé et appareil pour l'extrusion des matériaux - Google Patents
Procédé et appareil pour l'extrusion des matériaux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0091176B1 EP0091176B1 EP83200488A EP83200488A EP0091176B1 EP 0091176 B1 EP0091176 B1 EP 0091176B1 EP 83200488 A EP83200488 A EP 83200488A EP 83200488 A EP83200488 A EP 83200488A EP 0091176 B1 EP0091176 B1 EP 0091176B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- extruded
- moulding
- billet
- length
- extrusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
- B21C33/006—Consecutive billets, e.g. billet profiles allowing air expulsion or bonding of billets
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method of extruding material, which comprises supplying material to be extruded in commercial sizes, reducing said material to a pre-determined length to form billets, and placing it in a heated container, in which a ram is operative to press material contained in the container through a die comprising at least one extrusion orifice to form extruded mouldings, said mouldings being discharged by means of a discharge device.
- the invention also relates to an extruder for carrying out said method.
- a method of the kind described is characterized in that during the extrusion of each billet, the weight per unit length of the extruded moulding is determined at least once.
- An extruder according to the invention is characterized by weight determining means for determining the weight per unit length of the moulding extruded from each billet.
- Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows an extruder for aluminium, suitable for realizing the method according to the invention.
- the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 comprises a press 1 of known per se construction, comprising a ram 3 that can be pressed into a container 3 for material to be extruded.
- AI poles having a diameter depending on the size of the extruder.
- These AI poles may, for example, in practice have a diameter of about 17.5 cm and a length of 3 to 4 m.
- the AI poles are either cold-sawn to standard lengths adapted to the extruder by means of a cross-cutting machine and subsequently brought to the desired extrusion temperature, or bodily heated to be cut off to the desired length immediately before the extrusion process.
- a cross-cutting machine a guillotine shearing machine, sometimes referred to as a "hot-shear", may be used.
- the latter method is illustrated in Fig. 1.
- the AI poles 4 are supplied to a furnace 5 and after leaving the furnace cut-off by a guillotine shearing machine 6.
- This machine comprises a stop, adjustable for example by means of a screw spindle, with the position of the stop determining the length of the cut-off part of the AI poles.
- These parts of the AI poles, sawn off of cut-off to length are called billets, and are shown in the figure at 7, 7' and 7".
- the billets may for example be between about 350 and about 670 mm in length.
- a die which is placed in a die carriage 9, and comprises one or more extrusion orifices having a shape corresponding to the moulding being extruded.
- the billet present in the container is first upset to a diameter equal to the diameter of the container.
- a moulding having the desired profile shown diagrammatically at 10, is formed.
- the mouldings are gripped by a mechanical hand of a so-called puller 11, and guided over a run-out table or conveyor 12.
- the puller is provided with a digital counter, which indicates the displacement of the mechanical hand, and hence the length extruded.
- a displaceable saw 13 serving to cut-off the extruded moulding.
- the cut moulding present on the run-out table or conveyor is subsequently transported to a cooling table 14, as shown diagrammatically at arrow 15.
- the extruded lengths After being sufficiently cooled on the cooling table, the extruded lengths are straightened by means of a horizontal stretcher leveller 16. Finally the lengths thus produced are supplied by means of a conveyor 17, for example, a roller track, to a cutting machine 18, which saws the extruded lengths to the desired commercial length, which are then stacked on racks, and passed through an aging furnace 20.
- a conveyor 17 for example, a roller track
- the actual weight by metre depends on a number of factors.
- the diameter of the die orifice(s) is decisive. Deviations occur, however, inter alia, as a result of wear and tear of the die - as a result deviations of up to 20% may occur; as a result of the pressure used; as a result of billet temperature during extrusion; as a result of misalignment of ram, container and die; and as a result of variations in effective interior diameter of the container.
- the actual weight by metre is determined during extrusion.
- This data can be supplied to the press operator, who can then, upon deviations from the desired value, vary one or more process parameters to optimize extrusion.
- this information is supplied to the press operator, for example by means of a visual display unit (V.D.U.), the steps to be taken pursuant to the actual weight by metre found are as much as possible taken automatically, that is to say, without direct action by the operator. Such a step may be, for example, adjusting the position of the shearing machine. If such automatic operations are performed, information about them is preferably also supplied to the press operator, so that the latter may at all times be in complete control of the extrusion process.
- V.D.U. visual display unit
- two detectors 21, 22, for example, proximity switches are provided along the path of movement of the leading end of the moulding, or of puller 11, which detectors are spaced a known distance apart, which in the case of long mouldings may for example be 4 metres, and are capable of detecting the passage of the leading end of the moulding or the puller.
- the ram is coupled to an arm 23, which drives an endless string 24 lapped about two pulleys 25.
- One of these pulleys in turn drives a rotary pulse generator 26, which generates a large number of pulses, e.g. 10,000, per revolution.
- a processor 27 e.g. a mini-computer, which as soon as a signal from the first detector 21 is received begins to count the pulses from pulse generator 26, and stops counting as soon as the second detector 22 generates a signal. Furthermore there is stored in the mini- computer a factor f, which represents the effect of the interior cross-sectional area of the container, the number of die orifices, the specific gravity and the extruded material, the distance between detectors 21 and 22, and the ratio between the number of pulses of pulse generator 26 and the displacement of the ram.
- a factor f which represents the effect of the interior cross-sectional area of the container, the number of die orifices, the specific gravity and the extruded material, the distance between detectors 21 and 22, and the ratio between the number of pulses of pulse generator 26 and the displacement of the ram.
- a binary logic circuit built up in a conventional manner.
- a logic circuit is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2.
- An AND gate 30 having two inputs has one input 31 connected to pulse generator 26, and the other input 32 to the output of a flip-flop 33 having two inputs respectively connected to the first detector 21 and the second detector 22.
- a signal from the first detector brings the flip-flop into such a state that a signal appears at the input 32 of gate 30, which causes the gate to pass pulses from pulse generator 26, whereas a subsequent signal from the second detector switches the flip-flop, whereby gate 30 is switched into the closed state.
- the output of gate 30 is connected to a binary counter T.
- a signal from the second detector also causes the contents of the counter to be transferred, for example by means of a gating device 34, shown diagrammatically, to a multiplier and/or divider F, which multiplies the contents of the counter by the factor f, so that the output signal of unit F represents the weight by metre.
- This output signal can be displayed in a known manner, if necessary after being converted into a decimal number, by means of a VDU, by printing or by punching, and could also be used to vary process parameters directly.
- the output signal could be used to vary the temperature of the billet furnace and/or to vary the temperature of the container and/or to vary the extrusion pressure.
- the output signal of the mini-computer or the logic circuit is used to determine the required length of the next billet, and to adapt the position of the guillotine machine.
- the position of the shearing machine can be varied in a simple manner by using a controlled incremental motor driving a screw spindle. It should be noted that when two detectors are used the weight by metre is determined only with regard to a moulding length corresponding to the distance between these detectors, which distance may, for example, be 4 metres.
- the apparatus is further provided with a position detector which continuously monitors the position of the puller, or the leading end of the moulding, relative to the die or relative to another fixed point along the discharge path of the moulding.
- a position detector can be built up in a simple manner by means of a digital counterwhich during the movement of the puller or the leading end of the moulding receives a pulse for example every 10 cm.
- This position detector can be adjusted to a desired value so that when this desired value is reached, which for example may correspond to a desired length of the extruded moulding, generates an output signal which stops the press and actuates saw 13.
- Saw 13 is normally also actuated each time a billet has been extruded. If, however, more than one billet is required for a desired length of moulding, the saw should not be actuated after the first billet. This can be realized on the basis of the output signals of the position detector, or by using the billet counter which not until a position is reached corresponding to the desired number of extruded billets generates an output signal actuating the saw.
- the known length of the billet introduced into the press the sg of aluminium, the number of orifices in the die, the cross-sectional area of the container, and the weight by metre of extruded moulding, determined as described above, and the desired length of the butt end (this depends on the nature of the die, among other factors) it can be determined in a simple manner at what moment the press should be stopped for the supply of fresh billet.
- the press is normally provided with an end switch to prevent the ram from pushing the dummy block against the die, by causing the press to be switched off at a given maximum position.
- This end switch which for example may be a microswitch, can also be used to adjust the desired butt end length. Furthermore, this end switch can be used to control the billet counter.
- the output signals of the position detector can be used to continuously determine the weight by metre of the extruded moulding. Furthermore, during an extrusion process the time is recorded. In this way the production rate of kg/h can be determined on the basis of the length of moulding produced between two points of time and on the basis of the weight by metre and, if desired, measures can be taken to increase the rate of production.
- This data may be optimized to achieve as low a waste percentage as possible and as high a rate of production as possible and as few stoppages of the production apparatus as possible, resulting from the cooling table being unduly loaded.
- the data processing unit may be a commercially available mini-computer, in which, if desired, the position detector may be partially integrated, in the sense that the pulses generated are further processed.
- the position detector may be partially integrated, in the sense that the pulses generated are further processed. The same applies to the billet counter mentioned hereinbefore.
- the mini-computer is preferably coupled to a VDU, disposed in the vicinity of the extrusion press, and on which a number of relevant data are displayed, such as the instantaneous and cumulative real rate of production in kg/h, so that the press operator can always monitor the extrusion process and, where necessary, take corrective action.
- the extrusion process may be optimized still further by adjusting an optimum rate of production.
- the initial extrusion pressure is measured. If this is less than a given value, for example, less than 200 ats., the speed knob, provided on each extrusion press, is incrementally set at a high value (with each next billet) so long as the rate of production, determined and displayed as described hereinbefore, is increased. This procedure is continued until the initial pressure exceeds, for example, 200 ats. Thereafter, the speed knob is adjusted at smaller increments until the maximum permissible pressure, e.g. 210 ats., is reached. The momentary position of the speed knob and the rate of production are then determined.
- a given value for example, less than 200 ats.
- the extrusion pressure at the end of the extrusion stroke is measured.
- the speed knob is turned to a higher position by a certain increment, and, before reaching the previous end position of the position detector, returned by the same increment, to prevent the initial extrusion pressure from becoming too high with the next billet.
- the value of the increment referred to is selected depending on the end pressure measured.
- the process may be conducted continuously.
- the adjusted temperature of the billet furnace is checked and, if found to be lower than a given value, first adjusted to this value and subsequently increased by increments of, e.g. 5°C. During this process, the rate of production is being checked. If this is found to decrease, the temperature is incrementally decreased until the optimum adjusted temperature has been reached.
- the optimum values of the adjusted temperature and the position of the speed knob and the associated rate of production are stored and, for later extrusion using the same die, made available to the operator as target values, for example by means of a VDU, and/or automatically processed for adjusting the extruder.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Claims (38)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL8201466 | 1982-04-06 | ||
NL8201466A NL8201466A (nl) | 1982-04-06 | 1982-04-06 | Werkwijze voor het extruderen van materiaal alsmede extrusie-inrichting voor het toepassen van de werkwijze. |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0091176A1 EP0091176A1 (fr) | 1983-10-12 |
EP0091176B1 true EP0091176B1 (fr) | 1986-09-10 |
EP0091176B2 EP0091176B2 (fr) | 1990-09-12 |
Family
ID=19839543
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83200488A Expired - Lifetime EP0091176B2 (fr) | 1982-04-06 | 1983-04-06 | Procédé et appareil pour l'extrusion des matériaux |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0091176B2 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3365978D1 (fr) |
NL (1) | NL8201466A (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4323104C2 (de) * | 1993-07-10 | 1996-10-17 | Gutmann Hermann Werke Gmbh | Verfahren zur Verringerung des Ausschusses beim Strangpressen von Metall- insb. Aluminiumprofilen |
DE4341968C2 (de) * | 1993-12-09 | 1996-11-14 | Gutmann Hermann Werke Gmbh | Verfahren zur Verringerung des Ausschusses und zur Verbesserung der Qualität beim Strangpressen von Metall- insb. Aluminiumprofilen |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2018217A (en) * | 1932-06-25 | 1935-10-22 | Owen A Mcnamee | Measuring device |
US2113208A (en) * | 1935-01-17 | 1938-04-05 | Western Electric Co | Extrusion apparatus |
GB902053A (en) * | 1959-12-21 | 1962-07-25 | Schloemann Ag | Improvements in extrusion presses with means for measuring the exit speed of the extruded product |
GB1087467A (en) * | 1964-05-06 | 1967-10-18 | Decca Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the controlling of industrial processes |
GB2041273B (en) * | 1979-02-06 | 1982-09-22 | Elhaus F | Producing extrusion profiles |
-
1982
- 1982-04-06 NL NL8201466A patent/NL8201466A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1983
- 1983-04-06 EP EP83200488A patent/EP0091176B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-04-06 DE DE8383200488T patent/DE3365978D1/de not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3365978D1 (en) | 1986-10-16 |
NL8201466A (nl) | 1983-11-01 |
EP0091176B2 (fr) | 1990-09-12 |
EP0091176A1 (fr) | 1983-10-12 |
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